Ieema journal october 2016 by IEEMA

From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, It has been a privilege to be able to communicate with you all, through this monthly column for the past one year. IEEMA journal has grown in content, coverage and relevance. You will agree with me that it reflects what the association and its members are trying hard to attain. My thanks to the editorial team at IEEMA journal and everyone at the IEEMA Secretariat for their great work and support. It has been an honour to work with everyone in the membership, executive council and product divisions. Our trade shows and seminars led by the world’s largest Show “ELECRAMA” have showcased our capability and intent. Our continued interactions with the policy makers in Delhi and various states have improved in frequency and substance. We have carried forward the efforts made by previous teams. ”Adding value to our membership” has been the main driver. The regional/state chapters and state level utility interactions have been very rewarding for all concerned. I have mentioned in many of earlier columns that we live in challenging global economic environment. The external environment today can be confusing, simply because things change so fast, making it difficult for leaders to get a handle on them, and take the right decisions. This used to be called VUCA – Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous, but I have across another term called RUPT – Rapid, Unpredictable, Paradoxical and Tangled. When the world is RUPT, we can be sure that someone will DISRUPT! Someone will come out with a completely new paradigm, possibly a product or service so revolutionary that it leaves everyone else behind. The only way to survive in this RUPT world is for us to be the ones who DISRUPT, find new paradigms and solutions that will be relevant in the future. We at IEEMA have several opportunities to bring about game changing products and solutions. We have dynamic policy makers who are willing to listen and support. Let us be part of this big leap in our economic journey.. Together we can All the best to everyone...

Babu Babel

October 2016

Samvaad...

Dear Members, As per the Load Generation and Balance Report (LGBR) of 2016-17, India will become a power-surplus country for the first time since Independence, with an energy surplus of 1.1% and a peak surplus of 2.6%. A capacity addition of 16,654.5 MW during the year 2016- 17 comprising 13,440.5 MW of thermal, 1,714 MW of hydro and 1,500 MW of nuclear power stations has been considered. Rigorous monitoring is being done for enhancing capacity addition in the XII Five Year Plan. A generating capacity addition of 16,654.5 MW has been considered in the LGBR for 2016-17. These measures are expected to facilitate the deficit states to reduce their shortages. In an attempt to decarbonise the power sector, post 1990, RE sources such as solar, wind and biomass took precedence over other sources. This issue of IEEMA Journal is entirely focusing on RENEWABLE sources of energy. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clean energy drive is gathering momentum and it is clear from the fact that green energy has overtaken the capacity of large hydroelectric projects. As per statistics released by the Central Electricity Authority, out of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total capacity of around 304.7 GW on 31 July this year, the total capacity of renewable energy, expanded to 44.2 GW, surpassing hydropower at 42.8 GW. The Nation depends on thermal power since this has a much higher installed capacity, while supplies from renewables plants is not available consistently. Union Minister for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy, Shri Piyush Goyal has set a stiff Rs 600,000 crore target for building renewable energy capacities, which includes 100,000 MW of solar power capacity by 2022. This is five times the previous target of 20,000 MW. The Government has also made clear its intentions of achieving 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy sources by 2030, to be undertaken via transfer of technology and low-cost international funding, which would include the Green Climate Fund. Back in IEEMA, a new team has been elected for the coming year and took charge, on September 30, 2016. I join members of IEEMA in welcoming the new team, which will carry on the initiatives in the best tradition of the organization.

Sunil Misra

October 2016

Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

Volume 8 Issue No. 2 October 2016 CIN U99999MH970GAP014629 Official Organ of Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association Member: Audit Bureau of Circulation & The Indian Newspaper Society

From the President’s Desk 7

Samvaad 16

Appointments This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in the power and related sectors.

Cover story UDAY and RPO mismatch Two major challenges to be addressed today which was the biggest bottle neck in the sustainable growth of the country were first climate change and second the Energy Security to the nation. In the recent past to address the matter of climate change the national action plan for the climate change was introduced under which the renewable purchase obligation was made mandatory. Which necessarily means that for every number of unit of power supplied/consumed from Convention / fossil fuel based power a certain percentage of power has to be procured from the renewable energy sources which is increase gradually as per the trajectory set by the ministry of power.

Face to face PV & EV will change CV of a country: Mr Vikalp Mundra

IEEMA Executive Committee member and INTELECT 2017 Organising Committee member Mr Vikalp Mundra speaks to IEEMA Journal about the USP of solar sector and how extensively it should be used in a country like India. He also shares his views on INTELECT and how it is relevant for Renewable and Non – Utilities sector.

Guest article Statistics and fundamentals of Wind Energy

The wind power deployment in the country started in early 90s and with the conducive policy environment provided at Central and State level this segment has achieved highest growth amongst the other renewable energy technologies. Concern about climate change and action to reduce green house gas emissions are powerful drivers for renewable energy. Wind is commercially and operationally the most viable renewable energy resource and accordingly, emerging as one of the largest source in terms of the renewable energy sector.

October 2016

Contents

Expert speak

Opinion

Interview

India’s Surging Renewable Energy Sector

Net Metering

• Trained manpower coupled with support from partner states are key strengths of BBMB: Mr SK Sharma • 40% of our order book for power and infrastructure projects is based on international orders: Mr Aditya Khanna

In depth Solar Energy Can Deliver Multiple National Commitments to the COP-21 Paris Treaty

The “anthropocene” era is the period, generally seen as starting in the late 1960’s, when human activity began to disturb weather patterns, ecosystems, and societies. Indeed climate change resulting in rapid loss of water-table is believed to have catalysed civil war and the humanitarian disaster in Syria.

Currently the spotlight is on rapid deployment of solar photovoltaic sources to convert sun’s energy into electrical energy. Solar cell and Solar panel manufacturing processes are already well-established practices. However, world is still exploring ways improve efficiency of solar photovoltaic energy conversion from current low levels of 12 to 15% to much higher.

Success Story Developing indigenous technology through nurturing of critical talent in house: Mr Vipul Ray, Elmex Controls Pvt Ltd

Insight Effective energy management through energy meters

In focus

Development of Ocean Energy in India – Challenges

Tech Space Novel suggestions for improving efficiency of solar PV panel

Insight Indian Solar Sector: Comprehensive growth but challenges remain

India’s current peak power demand is approximately about 140 GW (Jan 2016). In 2015 (December) the peak yearly deficit stood at -1.9. The power demand is expected to rise and stand at 300 GW in a decade. The energy deficit will obviously hit double digits without an alternative approach.

October 2016

Renewable energy is considered to be an important driver for low carbon growth and India’s sustainable solution to issues related to electrification in remote locations. India has around 300 GW of known renewable energy potential. This potential is likely to be even greater than 300 GW, if all the sources including tidal, wave, geothermal with significant generation capacity will be mapped. Even with such a vast potential, only ~15% of renewable energy potential (i.e. 44 GW) is developed in the country

There is a growing urgent demand to install renewable clean energy sources all over the world /country in response for need to minimize carbon emission and minimize Global warming. Currently the spotlight is on rapid deployment of solar photovoltaic sources to convert sun’s energy into electrical energy. Solar cell and Solar panel manufacturing processes are already well-established practices. However, world is still exploring ways improve efficiency of solar photovoltaic energy conversion from current low levels of 12 to 15% to much higher.

Contents

Tech Space

National News

Improvement in Auxiliary Power Consumption in Thermal Power Plants: Case Studies

India’s smart street lighting market to touch $1.8 bn by 2022 Cabinet approves revised cost of Bhutan hydel power project

76 4

IEEMA Activities

Corporate News

Power Scenario Global Scenario Indian Scenario

L&T Construction Wins orders valued ` 3598 Crores NTPC to invest ` 30,000 crore, generate 3% more electricity in FY17

96 82

IEEMA Database Basic Prices & Indices Production Statistics

International News

GE unveils MV7-Series Drive with UWave technology Adani Group eyes SunEdison’s solar assets in India

ERDA News 100

Product Showcase 101

Index to Advertisers 102

Seminars & Fairs

Editorial Board Advisory Committee Founder Chairman Mr R G Keswani

Chairman Mr Babu Babel

Members Mr Sunil Misra Mr Naveen Kumar Mr Mustafa Wajid Mr Vikram Gandotra

Sub Editor Ms Shalini Singh

Advertisements Incharge Ms Vidya Chikhale

Circulation Incharge Ms Chitra Tamhankar

Statistics & Data Incharge Mr Ninad Ranade

Regd Office - Mumbai 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018. Phones: +91(0) 22 24930532 / 6528 Fax: +91(0) 22 2493 2705 Email: mumbai@ieema.org Corporate Office - New Delhi Rishyamook Building, First floor, 85 A, Panchkuian Road, New Delhi 110001. Phones: +91 (0) 11-23363013, 14, 16 Fax: +91 (0) 11-23363015 Email: delhi@ieema.org Branch Office - Bengaluru 204, Swiss Complex, 33, Race Course Road, Bengaluru 560 001. Phones: +91 (0) 80 2220 1316 / 1318 Fax: +91 (0) 80 220 1317 Email: bangalore@ieema.org Branch Office - Kolkata 503 A, Oswal Chambers, 2, Church Lane, Kolkata 700 001. Phones: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Fax: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Email: kolkata@ieema.org Website: www.ieema.in Articles: Technical data presented and views expressed by authors of articles are their own and IEEMA does not assume any responsibility for the same. IEEMA Journal owns copyright for original articles published in IEEMA Journal. Representatives: Guwahati (Assam) - Nilankha Chaliha Email: nilankha.chaliha@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9706389965 Raipur (Chhattisgarh) - Rakesh Ojha Email: rakesh.ojha@ieema.org Mobile:+91 9826855666 Lucknow (U.P. and Uttarakhand) Ajuj Kumar Chaturvedi Email: anuj.chaturvedi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9839603195 Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana) Bharti Bisht Email: bharti.bisht@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9888208880 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Devesh Vyas Email: devesh.vyas@ieema.org Mobile: +91 8955093854 Bhubaneshwar (Odisha) Smruti Ranjan Samantaray Email: smrutiranjan.samantaray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9437189920 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Jesse A Inaparthi Email: jesse.inaparthi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9949235153 Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) Mohammad Irfan Parray Email: irfan.parray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9858455509

IEEMA Members Helpline No. 022-66605754 Edited, Printed and published by Mr Sunil Kumar Misra on behalf of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, and Printed at India Printing Works, India Printing House, 42, G. D. Ambekar Road, Wadala, Mumbai 400 031 and Published at 501, Kakad Chambers,132, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

October 2016

APPOINTMENTS Mr Rahul SS RoyBhatnagar appointedappointed DirectortU(Technical-LWR), P Chief Secretary NPCIL Principal secretary (Finance), Rahul Bhatnagar has

Distinguished Scientist S Singha Roy has been been appointed as Chief Secretary, Uttar appointed Pradesh. as of IAS the officer, Nuclearand Power Mr. Director Bhatnagar(Technical-LWR) is a 1983-batch has Corporation of India Limited. He will be holding post additional charge of sugar industries andthe cane till the date of department. his superannuation, or until further orders. development Mr. SK Singhal 1982-batch IAS officer, the Mr Jha Aappointed Director (P &had M),assumed MIDHANI post of chief secretary as recent as July 6. He was earlier The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has principal secretary (irrigation). approved the proposal of the Department of Defence Production for appointment of Mr S K Jha to the post of Mr VC Bhandari appointed Director (HR), Director (Production & Marketing) in Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI), Hyderabad for a period of five years. Engineers India Limited

Mr UC Vipin Chander appointed Bhandari, Executive Director, has Mr Muktibodh Director (Technical), been appointed as Director (HR) of the Engineers India NPCIL Limited, New Delhi.

Distinguished Scientist UC Muktibodh has been appointed as Director (Technical) of the Nuclear Power Mr DK Hota selected as CMD, BEML Ltd Corporation of India Limited. Mr DK Hota, Director (Human Resources), BEML, has Mr Chinmoy selected as Director been selectedGangopadhyay for the post of Chairman-cum-Managing Director, BEML Limited at a Public Enterprises Selection (Project), PFC Board meeting. Chinmoy Gangopadhyay has been selected for the post of Director (Project) in the Power Finance Corporation Mr N Bagdalkar selected Director (HR), BEL Board Limited (PFC) by the Public Enterprises Selection (PESB). Mr R N Bagdalkar, GM, BEL, has been selected for the

post of Director (Human Resources), Bharat Electronics Board

Arno Harris joins Azure Power’s Board of Limited (BEL) at a Public Enterprises Selection Directors (PESB) meeting held on September 20, 2016.

Azure Power, India’s leading solar power company, announced appointment of Arno Mr AK Singhtheappointed Director, ECLHarris, Former Founder, CEO and Chairman of Recurrent Energy, one Mr North Ajay Kumar Singhleading has been appointedsolar as Director of America’s utility-scale project (Technical), Eastern Coalfields Limited. developers, as an independent director.

Govt. announces several Additional SecretaryMr A Ramalingam appointed Director, BEL level appointments Mr Anandi Ramalingam has been appointed Director The Appointments CommitteeLimited. of the Cabinet (ACC) (Marketing), Bharat Electronics has approved several Additional Secretary-level appointments, including that of Ms. Shalini Prasad as Mr S Singhal appointed as Director, MIDHANI Additional Secretary, Ministry of Power. Mr Sanjeev Singhal has been appointed as Director Ms. Prasad, an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) (Finance) in Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI). officer of the 1985 batch (Uttar Pradesh cadre), presently in her cadre, will succeed Mr. Badri Narain Sharma, IAS Mr Atul Bhatt appointed MECON CMD (RJ:1985) on his appointment as Additional Secretary, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. Mr Atul Bhatt has been appointed as Chairman and Managing of the MECON Limited. An official Director press release said that Ms. Madhulika P Sukul, IDAS (1982), in MECON her cadre, has Bhatt was selected forpresently the post of CMD onbeen May appointed as Additional Secretary, Department of 25, 2016.

18 16

Consumer Affairs, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Mr AGW Kharkongor appointed NEEPCO CMD Food and Public Distribution vice Mr. G. Gurucharan, IAS The Appointments Committeeas ofSecretary Cabinet has approved (KN:1982) on his appointment (Performance the appointment of ASecretariat. G West Kharkongor, Director Management), Cabinet (Finance), NEEPCO as Chairman-cum-Managing Mr. Rajani Ranjan Rashmi, IAS (MN:1983), Additional Director, North Eastern ofElectric Power Ministry Corporation Secretary, Department Commerce, of Limited. Commerce and Industry has been appointed as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and ClimateChaturvedi Change vice Mr. Hem Pande, IAS Mr Sudhir is new L&T Kumar President (Sales) (WB:1982) on his appointment as Secretary, Department Mr Sudhir Chaturvedi has been appointed as President of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs. (Sales) of the Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd. Mr. Girish Chandra Murmu, IAS (GJ:1985), Additional Secretary, Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Mr Mukund Choudhari assumes charge as Finance has been appointed as Additional Secretary, MOIL CMD of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance Department vice Ms.Chaudhari Snehlata has Shrivastava, (MP:1982) and on Mukund taken overIAS as Chairman her appointment as Secretary, Department of Justice, Managing Director (CMD) of MOIL Ltd, a city-based Ministry of Law and Justice. miniratna company. The MOIL, which is under the Ms. Amita Prasad, (KN:1985), Secretary, administrative control IAS of the Ministry Joint of Steel, is the Ministry of WaterofResources, and largest producer Manganese River Ore inDevelopment the country. Prior Ganga been appointed as the Additional to takingRejuvenation over as CMD,has Chaudhari was holding post of Secretary, Ministry MOIL, of Environment, Forestbyand Climate Director (Finance), a release issued MOIL said. Change vice Mr. Susheel Kumar, IAS (UP:1982) on his appointment as Secretary (Border Management), Mr CK Asnani CMD Uranium Ministry of Homeappointed Affairs.

Corporation Mr. Nikhilesh appoints Jha, IAS (MN:1984), Additional Secretary, Ministry Water has Resources, River as Development and Mr C K ofAsnani taken over Chairman-cumGanga Rejuvenation hasstate-run been appointed Additional Managing Director of Uranium asCorporation Secretary and Financial Adviser, and of India Ltd (UCIL).Asnani, whoDepartment has servedofasFood Director Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food Technical and a fulltime Director at Indian Rare Earths and Public Distribution vice Mr.Diwakar Prabhas Kumar Jha, IAS Limited, took the charge from Acharya. (UP:1982) on his appointment as Secretary, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. Mr ARK Kini appointed Secretary(Security),

Mr. U P Singh, IAS (OR:1985), Additional Secretary, Cabinet of Secretariat Ministry Petroleum and Natural Gas as Additional Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources, Riverhas Development Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved and Ganga Rejuvenation vice Mr. Nikhilesh Jha. the appointment of Mr ARK Kini, IPS (BH:1981) as Secretary(Security), Cabinet Secretariat vice Shri M.K. Sinha, IPS(UP:1981) till the date of his superannuation or until further orders whichever is earlier.

VACANCIES

Bureau of Energy Efficiency Mr Arun Goyal appointed Additional Secretary, Post: Secretary GST Council Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body under the Ministry Power has invited applications from Mr Arun Goyal, of IAS (UT:1985) Additional Secretary, the officers of Central or State Governments holding a post Project Monitoring Group, Cabinet Secretariat on lateral not the rank of Deputy to the Government shiftbelow has been appointed asSecretary Additional Secretary, GST of India in the parent cadre for the post of Secretary in Council against Newly created post under Central Bureau of Energy Efficiency on deputation basis Staffing Scheme.

June2016 2016 October

CoverStory

wo major challenges to be addressed today which was the biggest bottle neck in the sustainable growth of the country were first climate change and second the Energy Security to the nation.

In the recent past to address the matter of climate change the national action plan for the climate change was introduced under which the renewable purchase obligation was made mandatory. Which necessarily means that for every number of unit of power supplied / consumed from Convention / fossil fuel based power a certain percentage of power has to be procured from the renewable energy sources which is increase gradually as per the trajectory set by the ministry of power. Recently to address the basic issue behind the second issue of energy security and providing affordable and accessible 24x7 power to all UJWAL DISCOM ASSURANCE YOJNA (UDAY) was introduced by the government of India. The financial health of the DISCOMS was restricting them from not only improving / strengthening their reach to masses by means of developing their infrastructure and buying more power but also to comply with their mandatory renewable purchase obligations. The prime challenge to attain this objective was the financial health of the power distribution companies (DISCOMS) which were running under tremendous financial stress and needed a serious turnaround or financial revival which will ensure a sustainable and permanent solution to this problem. UDAY not only aimed and had provisions to address the issue of the affordable and accessible 24x7 power

to all but also for fulfilment of their commitment towards national action plan for climate change by the means of compliance of their deficit renewable purchase obligation by the means of all valid instruments as provided in the regulations. The scheme of UDAY advocates and gives an opportunity for the achievement of the break even in the next 2-3 years through four initiatives: i) improving operational efficiencies of DISCOMs; ii) Reduction of cost of power; iii) reduction in interest cost of DISCOMs and iv) enforcing financial discipline on DISCOMs through alignment with state finances. For this the UDAY makes provision that state shall take over 75% of DISCOMS debt and balance to be raised in the form of issue of non-SLR including SDL bonds in the market. While making this provision the UDAY also makes it mandatory that for availing these benefits the state DISCOMS will comply with the Renewable Purchase Obligation outstanding since 1st April 2012 till date within a period to be decided in consultation with the ministry of power. For the matter of any such directions in regards to compliance of any regulations honourable APTEL is the apex body established by Ministry of Power, govt. of India. The honourable tribunal in its various land mark orders directing to all the state commissions and the DISCOMs as categorically clarified the period for the compliance of the renewable purchase obligation and the exercise of the provisions of relaxation by means of waiver / carry forward of the RPOs.

October 2016

CoverStory

Till date more than 18 states have signed the MoU under UDAY and have issued the bonds in the markets. These bonds have been ready taken by the financial institutions. Thus if all pre-requisites for the issuance of the signing of the MoU under UDAY and issuance of the Bonds would have been complied with then all the DISCOMs would have complied with their deficit RPOs and none of the RE generator under REC mechanism would have been bleeding. Today not only the RE generators under REC mechanism are struggling but also due to non-payment of the RE generators under long term state PPAs they are also in bad shapes. The state commissions are piled up with their petitions for the relief. But the scenario is other way around. The non-compliance of the past years stands as it is. The present RPO deficit in most of the cases is becoming more sever and worse and the financial losses and piling of the inventory of the RECs is increasing month on month seeing no hopes of revival. Noncompliance of the renewable purchase obligation has become a common phenomenon for most of the state DISCOMs and leading obligated entities. The government of the India through various means have tried to support the obligated entities so that they can comply with their deficit renewable purchase obligations minimising the perceived burden of the same. In the first major attempt the CERC has restructured the prices of solar Renewable Energy Certificates by reducing the cost of the certificates from 9300 to 3500 by introducing the mechanism of vintage based multiplier and now again this time with the provisions in UDAY whereby the DISCOMs can comply with their deficit RPOs and the expenditure can be booked in the financial structuring. One hand DISCOMs preferred not to comply with their deficit RPOs on the other hand the state regulatory commissions in place of taking actions as per the provisions of the regulations for the enforcement and compliance of RPO has preferred to give waiver / repeated carry forward to the defaulting obligated entities. In place of penalizing the default in actual terms the default in form of noncompliance has got incentivised due to this. The CAG report on the matter of Renewable Purchase Obligation and its compliance states that: “Inability of the RE deficit States to meet their RPO and REC mode contributing in a miniscule manner towards overall compliance, indicates poor inclination of the states to meet their targets”. Non-compliance of the RPO by the Obligated entities and letting them go Scot free is in actual an undue financial gains allowed to the defaulters. In 2009 under the national solar mission the government of India planned to have minimum 3% of power from solar energy to be achieved by 2020. This was planned in a manner that by 2012-

13 the achievement will be no lesser than 0.25% which will be increasing gradually y-o-y. based on the this the total capacity calculated was around 34000 MW of solar power. Thus a target of 20000 MW (20 GW) was planned to be achieved by 2020. This capacity was planned in accordance of the conventional power available in the country. Any shortfall in any year will further add capacity to be achieved beyond the 20 GW mark. Further the present UPA government increased the solar capacity addition targets to 10% amounting to around 100 GW to be achieved by 2020. There has been a significant deficit in capacity addition y-o-y in solar in the country and in the FY 2016-17 the target thus reached the figure of 12000 MW of solar capacity to be added. By July 2016 only a small capacity of just around 1300 MWs were added. Any shortfall again this year will lead to further increase the deficit which will be exponential and not linear. In the overall grid interactive RE energy capacity addition which was envisaged to be 16660 MW in the FY 2016-17 there is a very minimal progress with a mere addition of just 2051 MW. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Programme/ Scheme wise Physical Progress in 2016-17 (& during the month of July, 2016) FY- 2016-17 Sector

Target

Achievement (April - July, 2016)

I. Grid-Interactive Power (Capacities in MW) Wind Power

4000.00

663.70

Solar Power

12000.00

1299.14

Small Hydro Power

250.00

30.30

Bio-Power (Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration)

400.00

51.00

10.00

7.50

16660.00

2051.64

Waste to Power Total

The report of the comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) on renewable energy sector in India on the matter of meeting the RE mix target which was envisaged in the NAPCC to be around 8 and 9% in the year 2012-13 and 2013-14 has found that there is huge deficit and only 4.28 and 4.51% has been achieved till date. None of the states other than 1 or 2 have fixed their RPO targets in sync with the norms set under the NAPCC. It was also brought out in the report that out of the total RPO of the Obligated entities only 4.77% of the RPO compliance was through Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mode. Uncertain policy environment and poor RPO enforcement has led to a situation, where as of August 2014, 93,64,699 RECs, each valuing at least Rs.1,500 per REC were lying unredeemed, affecting the planned cash flow of the generators.

October 2016

CoverStory

by this court. It includes the Right to live in a pollution free environment and laid down the law in a cantena of cases…”. The object of imposing RE Obligation is protection of environment and preventing pollution by utilizing renewable energy sources as much as possible in larger public interest”. Cost of fulfilling the obligation cannot be held above the larger public interest. The scheme document with an intension of the compliance of the deficit RPO from the financial assistance provided to the financially stressed DISCOMs. The document says that:

UDAY was perceived to bring a permanent solution not only to the financial stress of the DISCOMs but also to the problems of the RE generators specially under REC mechanism. If the UDAY scheme / MoU was implemented in letter and spirit the reflection would have come in the form of significant participation and trading of the RECs for the compliance of the deficit RPO by the DISCOMs. If we study the last three years REC trade figures and compare it we can clearly see that total unsold inventory has increased from Rs.1167 Crores in FY 2013-14 to Rs.2147 Crores in FY 2014-15 to Rs.3151 Crores in FY 2015-16. The year 2015 came with some landmark judgements from the apex bodies like APTEL and Supreme court which very specifically clarified on the matter of compliance of the renewable purchase obligation, its carry forward and relaxation provisions. The judgment in O.P. No. 1 of 2013 & IA No. 291 & IA No. 420 of 2013, O.P. No. 2 of 2013 & O.P. No. 4 of 2013 dated: 20-04-2015 and other orders by honourable Appellate Tribunal for Electricity the honourable tribunal clearly says that In case of default in fulfilling of RPO by obligated entity, the penal provision as provided for in the Regulations should be exercised. If the Regulations recognize REC mechanism as a valid instrument to fulfill the RPO, the carry forward/review should be allowed strictly as per the provisions of the Regulations keeping in view of availability of REC. The State Commissions are bound by their own Regulations and they must act strictly in terms of their Regulations. The provisions in Regulations like power to relax and power to remove difficulty should be exercised judiciously under the exceptional circumstances, as per law and should not be used routinely to defeat the object and purpose of the Regulations. non-availability of REC is a pre-condition for carry forward. Further the Honorable Supreme Court of India in their landmark judgment on 13th of May 2015 has stated that: Imposing RPO is desirable in the larger public interest. The court observed that:

State DISCOMs will comply with the renewable purchase obligation (RPO) outstanding since 1st April 2012, within a period to be decided in consultation with Ministry of Power. On one hand the DISCOMs showed now delay in availing the financial benefits from the sale of bonds under UDAY but preferred showing least interest for the compliance of their deficit RPO. The DISCOMs preferred either to remain silent on the matter of RPO Compliance in the MoU signed and parallel seek for the waiver of the compliance or to get the carry forward for the next 3 years. The only one DISCOM of Uttar Pradesh which has preferred to mention the matter of RPO compliance in the MOU has suo motu decided to comply their deficit RPO since 2012 after 2020 onwards. This is a gross violation of the provisions of the regulations and the various orders of the appellate tribunal and the Supreme-court of India. In the historic Paris climate agreement signed by India for the coming closer to begin cutting down greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming the government of India has made a commitment to have atleast 40% of the power coming from renewable energy sources by 2030 and seeks to add 100 gigawatts of photovoltaic capacity, 60 gigawatts of wind power, 10 gigawatts of biomass and five gigawatts of hydro projects by 2020. Thus this attitude of the DISOMs of non-compliance and the state commissions preference to continue allowing carry forward to the obligated entities will lead to the fall fail in the commitment given at Paris convention. Further the country which is marching ahead with a missions like INVEST INDIA, RE INVEST and MAKE IN INDIA etc. will lose it’s essence if the investments under various government initiatives are not secured / protected and global commitments are met. UDAY was perhaps best of the initiatives / support initiated by the government of India to support the financial crisis of the DISCOMs and simultaneously to fulfill the global commitments as well as stake holders / investors in the RE Sector. With the present MoUs signed and the continuing status of the non-compliance of the RPOs, non-payment of the RE generators there is a clear mismatch in the objective of UDAY and RPO. ▪ Ashu Gupta

“The right to live with healthy life guaranteed under Article 21 of the constitution of India, it has to be interpreted

Vice President – Corporate UJAAS ENERGY LTD

October 2016

Face2Face

INTELECT2017

‘‘

PV & EV will change CV of a country: Mr Vikalp Mundra IEEMA Executive Committee member and INTELECT 2017 Organising Committee member Mr Vikalp Mundra speaks to IEEMA Journal about the USP of solar sector and how extensively it should be used in a country like India. He also shares his views on INTELECT and how it is relevant for Renewable and Non – Utilities sector.

What are you views on Indian Power Generation capacities as many of the states are becoming surplus and facing a problem of excessive generation. Are we reaching towards a power surplus nation ? The real meaning of this in present context is not 24/7 power to each and every household. But, it ONLY means 24/7 power for them who are ready to pay a fair price for that. I hope you understand the real situation. Our major populations are still living in villages, who have adopted their lifestyle according to availability of power between 2 to 4 hrs a day. If you double the availability to 6 to 8 hours do you think the consumption will be doubled? No, it may increase exponentially and nobody knows the exact figure, but the problem is will it be economically viable? This is the major question which needs to be answered. And I salute our H’ble Prime Minister who is solving this problem from a difficult end. He is trying to put more money in pocket of consumer by various ways, raising aspiration of common man to grow, tackling bull of corruption by its horns and many such initiatives which are slow but resulting into long term solutions.

in right direction. In my view the target of 2022 is not significant but to reach to 100 GW is more significant, may be couple of years here and there.

What are your views on Mega Ground Mounted and small roof top solar plants ? In my views Distributed generation is the USP of Solar and it should be used extensively, It would not only save a lot of cost, but more importantly time for a vast country like India.

Presently government is also putting more efforts on growing Rooftop Solar, according to you Off Grid or Grid connected solar will grow fast. What are the Challenges and opportunities? Off Grid Solar : Presently the Off Grid market in India is by Compulsion, but if this country has to grow, this market should be die down & a new market should be grown which is Off Grid by Choice. This means that a customer is Free to select its power source & time of use of power without falling prey of prevalent monopolistic power supply business.

So challenge is to convert compulsive off Grid towards There is a major thrust of Renewable from off grid by Choice, I see it as govt, how do you see the aggressive 175 I salute our H’ble Prime Minister who is an opportunity. On Grid Solar : In a matured GW Target and target solving this problem from a difficult end. energy market everything of 2022.? He is trying to put more money in pocket needs to be connected & Coming from Solar of consumer by various ways, raising Grid connected Solar is Industry I could comment aspiration of common man to grow, tackling must to grow this sector. on 100 GW target of Solar The question may be Nettill 2022. Although the bull of corruption by its horns and many metering, FIT or something target is very aggressive, such initiatives which are slow but resulting else. What policies, what but till time this Govt. into long term solutions. technologies etc. The seems

going

October 2016

answers will evolve with time.

Face2Face

INTELECT2017

How power companies are responding to massive growth of solar ? Some individuals holding important position in Power sector see this growth of PV (solar) as enemy to their business. I would like to give a simple parallel when Mobile telephony came, BSNL also saw them as enemy. But, NO individual or organisation is big enough to block the “power of choice of the customer”. You love it or hate it you have to deal with it. There are definitely some challenges to deal with infirm power, but human being found solutions to every problem. How do you see future Energy space & relevance of renewable power. I feel we are on verge of witnessing DISTRUPTION in Energy space, when I say energy it includes auto sector also. According to me following 4 things will speed up this disruption. 1.

Distributed PV generation (Solar)

Storage Technologies

Electric Vehicles (EV)

Self Driving Vehicles.

Please allow me to say “PV & EV will change CV of a country’. And to my country India it is Blessing in Disguise we will be benefited by it, same as we got benefitted by Mobile telephony.

How do you see relevance of storage in near to midterm? According to me, the future relevance of storage in Indian energy space is in : hh

To feed Peak Time power

To flatten the load curve

To give freedom to customer on selection of energy source.

Pave way for Electric and Driverless vehicles.

As I understand the cost of Storage is prohibitive, how soon it will reach to a economic level

As of now the cost is high but it is coming down at a very fast pace, it will follow rather beat the falling of price of PV. We had witness the rapid fall in price of PV in last 4 years. Economy of scale and new technologies will bring it down rapidly.

Which technology will going to lead in storage space? As of now Lithium Ion is looking very promising, but brilliant minds are working in labs to create better technologies with different chemistries. They are using combination with Lithium, Zinc etc. People are working to use Air as a cooling medium, which I see path breaking if succeed. So as of now it is very difficult to say who will win the race, but the race had already been started and One person will surely come as First and then there are Silver and Bronze medals too.

Can you please elaborate INTELECT theme – Redefining Electricity for Smarter Living and how it is relevant for Renewable and Non ‌ – Utilities sector & aligned conference with the event? Intelect is the show for everyone who is a user of Electricity. Our Electricity is becoming Intelligent & Smart. Few things are happening in back end and many things will happen in Future. It will be a good opportunity for a Common Man, Housewife, Architects, Interior Designers, HVAC companies etc. To show what Intelligence they are putting in their products and what is coming ahead. The aligned conference is for persons who are making it happen so let me put in these words - “Brains will go to conference and Eyeballs will go to Exhibition”. n

October 2016

GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030; GuestArticleâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

he wind power deployment in the country started in early 90s and with the conducive policy environment provided at Central and State level this segment has achieved highest growth amongst the other renewable energy technologies. Concern about climate change and action to reduce green house gas emissions are powerful drivers for renewable energy. Wind is commercially and operationally the most viable renewable energy resource and accordingly, emerging as one of the largest source in terms of the renewable energy sector. In view of growing awareness about green environment, development of renewable energy has been promoted by the Government through fiscal policies issued by Central and State of Government. These policies include tax incentives and obligation for purchase of electricity through renewable energy sources. The State Government has also provided different other state specific incentives and benefits through the individual incentive policies issued by the state Government. These incentives attract the investors and come down per unit cost of energy from renewable sources. Drives moving in the direction of reduction of per MW capital cost of renewable sources through technological development and increase in Plant Utilization Factor with overall improvement in efficiency. Drives are also moving in the direction of developing storage facilities for energy from renewable sources to make them firm and useful form of energy. Enactment of the Electricity Act 2003 has provided further support to renewable energy by stipulating purchase of a percentage of the power procurement by distribution utilities from renewable energy sources. The renewable purchase obligation as well as preferential tariff for procurement of such power has been specified by various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions. Despite all strategic policies in place, purchase of Renewable Energy Certificate has not been very

Renewable

encouraging and sale of now non-solar REC is at a very low price. SERCs must prevail upon Discoms to meet them RPO obligation. Cost of energy from renewable sources can also be reduced by promoting competition within such projects. At the same time, adequate promotional measures would also have to be taken for development of technologies. While the Electricity Act, 2003, the policies framed under the Act, and also the National Action Plan for Climate Change provide for a roadmap for increasing the share of renewable in the total generation capacity in the country, there are constraints in terms of availability of RE sources evenly across different parts of the country. The present wind power installed capacity in the country is nearly 26.7 GW sharing around 9 % of total installed capacity. Globally India is at 4th position in terms of wind power installed capacity after China, USA and Germany. The Government of India has set an ambitious target of achieving 175 GW power capacity from renewable energy resources by 2022 and out of this 60 GW to come from wind power. The status of renewable installed capacity and source-wise percentage share as on 31st July, 2016 are as given below:

All India Renewable Capacity as on 31st July, 2016 Sr. No.

Renewable Energy Source (MW)

Wind Power

Cumulative Percentage Achievements share 27151.40 61.38

Solar Power

7805.34

17.65

Small Hydro Power

4304.47

9.74

October 2016

GuestArticle

Renewable

Bio Power (Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration)

4860.83

11.00

Waste to Power

115.08

0.26

Total

44236.92

In fixed speed design, the tip speed ratio varies with wind speed and this could reach optimum value at one wind speed.

For variable speed, the change in tip speed ratio depends on both wind speed and rotor speed.

For maximum rotor efficiency, the rotor speed is controlled to maintain the tip speed ratio normally at 6 to 8. Because of this flexibility, a variable speed drive option could generate more energy for the same wind speed regime.

Fundamentals of Wind Energy The differences in temperature induce circulation of air from one zone to another. This air in motion is called wind. Wind is the natural movement of air across the land or sea. It is caused by uneven heating and cooling of the earth’s surface and by the earth’s rotation. Land and water areas absorb and release different amount of heat received from the sun. As warm air rises, cooler air rushes in to take its place, causing local winds. The rotation of the earth changes the direction of the flow of air. Wind electric generator converts kinetic energy from the “air in motion” (called wind) directly into electrical energy by using rotor, gearbox and generator without using conventional sources like coal, oil or natural gas for power generation. Power is available in the wind in the form of Kinetic energy. Power available in the wind is defined by the relation: P = 1/2 d AV^3 where

and

Wind Power

Air density

Area intercepted

Wind speed

P/A

1/2 dV3 = WPD

Where,

WPD means wind power density, which is a measure of wind Power available in the wind and can be defined as wind power per unit area. Wind Electric Generators are highly sophisticated machines based on aerodynamic principles and electronic control system. The basic factors affecting wind power are as follows: hh

Air density -: The air density varies with altitude and temperature. The change in kinetic energy of wind is proportional to air density. Rotor Area or swept area-: The area intercepted by rotating blades. The energy received from wind depends upon this swept area. Rotor area increases with the square of the rotor diameter. Doubled the rotor diameter will theoretically receive four times energy. Wind speed -: The power in wind varies with the cube of the wind speed. If the wind speed is twice as high it contains eight times more power.

Operating Efficiency of wind electric turbine depends on the following factors hh

The operating efficiency of the rotor depends on the ‘tip speed ratio’, which is the ratio of the rotor blade speed at its tip end to the wind speed.

October 2016

Several control techniques have been developed which are based on two distinct approaches namely Stall control and Pitch control. In stall control, the rotor blades are fixed at an angle. In pitch control, the blades are gradually turned out of the wind so that the angle of attack changes. The pitch mechanism is usually activated by hydraulic power or electric motor drive.

Global Scenario The global renewable energy addition was 134 GW during 2015 compared to 103 GW added in 2014. Renewable power accounted for 54% of the new power capacity addition during 2015. This took renewable to 16.2% of global power capacity, up from 15.2% in 2014. The global electricity generation from renewable reached 10.3%, up from 9.3% in 2014. With a capacity addition of 63.5 GW, the total global wind capacity reached 432.9 GW. This set a new record over 51.7 GW added in the previous year. According to an estimate, wind supplied more new power generation worldwide then any other technology in 2015. As before, strongest growth took place in n China 30.8 GM followed by US with 8.6 GW and Germany with 6.0 GW. In China, the cumulative capacity reached 145.4 GW. In US it reached 74.5 GW and 44.9 GW in Germany. India grabbed the fourth position with 27 GW. Spain continues to remain at fifth position with capacity of 23 GW and in UK it reached 13.6 GW. Details of top twenty countries wind power installed capacity is as given below: Worldwide Wind Power Projects top 20 countries: Sr. No.

Country

Capacity

Sr.

in MW

No.

Country

Capacity in MW

China

139808

Poland

5100

USA

74587

Portugal

5079

Germany

44947

Denmark

5063

India

25088

Turkey

4694

Spain

23025

Australia

4187

13603

Netherlands

3431

Canada

11239

Mexico

3073

France

10358

Japan

3043

Brazil

8300

Romania

2976

Italy

8958

Others

24381

Sweden

6025

Total (MW)

426965

GuestArticle

Renewable

The offshore wind capacity of 3.4 GW was added in 2015 taking the overall offshore wind capacity to 12 GW in 15 countries is as follows:

Karnataka

55857

Kerala

1700

Worldwide Offshore Windpower Projects (as on 31st December, 2015) Sr. Country Capacity in MW No.

Lakshadweep

Madhya Pradesh

10484

Maharashtra

45394

Odessa

3093

Pondicherry

153

Rajasthan

18770

Tamil Nadu

33800

Telangana

4244

Uttar Pradesh

1260

West Bengal

Total (MW)

302251

5128

Germany

3283

Denmark

1292

China

808

Belgium

706

Netherlands

376

Sweden

211

Vietnam

Japan

Finland

Ireland

Spain

South Koria

Portugal

Norway

Total (MW)

12014

The India currently has the fourth highest wind power installed capacity in the world with 26777 MW capacity operational as on 31st March, 2016. The share of wind in the total capacity mix in the country has also increased to 9%.

Wind Power Achievement A total wind power capacity of 26780 MW was operational up to 31st March, 2016. With an installed capacity over 7600 MW, Tamil Nadu is at first position in wind energy. However, the growth has declined in Tamil Nadu in last few years due several reasons. During FY 2015-16, a capacity of 3423.05 MW was added, which is the ever highest capacity addition achieved in a single year. Out of the aforesaid capacity addition, 1261.40 MW was added in Madhya Pradesh. The large scale commercial developments are currently taking place in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. The state-wise wind power capacity is as given below:

Sr. No.

States

Andhra Pradesh

400.10

1431.45

Gujarat

392.40

4037.80

Karnataka

230.90

2869.30

Madhya Pradesh

1261.40

2141.10

Maharashtra

207.85

4658.70

Rajasthan

685.50

3992.70

Tamil Nadu

158.80

7614.00

Telangana

77.70

Kerala

8.40

43.50

Others

0.00

4.00

Total (MW)

3423.05

26870.60

Wind Power Potential in India In spite of the sharp increase in wind power capacity in the country, only a fraction of the country’s wind power potential has been tapped till date. As per recent assessment of National Institute of Wind Energy with actual land availability, indicates a gross wind power potential of about 302 GW at 100 meter height in the country. Gujarat is the state where the potential of wind power installation is maximum. The vast untapped potential of wind power could be harnessed to meet India’s policy goals, addressing energy security challenges and achieving low carbon growth, in cost effective manner. Wind energy is intermittent and highly site specific. State-wise present wind power potential at 100 meter height is given below: Sr. No.

States

Estimated Potential (MW)

Andhra Pradesh

@ 100 meter 44229

Chhattisgarh

Goa

Gujarat

84431

Cumulative Wind Power Installed Capacity as on 31st March, 2016

Wind Power Capacity addition during FY 2016 (MW)

The largest rating of wind electric generator of 2800 Kw has been installed by Regen Power whereas Gamesa 2000 kW machine having highest Rotor diameter of 114 m. The Suzlon Energy 2100 Kw machine having maximum hub height of 120 m till date. Suzlone Energy

October 2016

GuestArticle

Renewable

State-Wise Wind Energy Tariff

The details of the tariff for wind energy fixed by the eight windy state Commission’s and central Commission are as given below: Tariff Sr. No.

States

Date of the tariff order

Applicability

CUF (%)

Capital Cost (`Lacs/MW)

Andhra Pradesh

26.03.2016

31.03.2017

23.50

600.90

(`per kWh) With Without AD AD 4.25 4.84

Tamil Nadu

31.03.2016

31.03.2018

27.15

620.00

3.70

Gujarat

30.08.2016

31.03.2019

24.50

615.00

4.19

4.16

Karnataka

10.10.2013

09.10.2018

26.00

600.00

4.50

Madhya Pradesh

17.03.2016

31.03.2019

575.00

4.78

Kerala

11.11.2015

31.03.2018

20-25

6.58 619.52

5.98

>25 *5.76

*5.16

6.04

5.42

4.94

5.56

4.34

4.89

3.63

4.08

3.39

3.82

5.89

6.60

5.36

6.00

4.71

5.28

Rajasthan

25.05.20.16

31.03.2017

Maharashtra

29.04.2016

31.03.2017

Zone-I

579.84

Zone-II

iii

Zone-III

Zone-IV

CERC

Zone-I

29.04.2016

5.27

608.80

31.03.2017

Zone-II

iii

Zone-III

Zone-IV

3.93

4.40

Zone-V

3.68

4.13

619.80

*Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Barmer districts. have also installed 9531 MW which is the maximum installed capacity by a WEG supplier. The details of year-wise progress in cumulative wind power installed capacity in the country are as follows:

The wind power potential in the country is assessed by the NIWE at 100 meter above ground level, which is estimated to be over 302 GW. Most of this potential exists in 8 windy States namely Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.

development of renewable energy in the country and is helping to meet the power requirements in many part of the India. Government of India has set an ambitious target of reaching 175 GW of renewable power capacity in the country by 2022 of which 60 GW to come from wind. The country has further set a goal of having 40 percent of its installed power generation capacity powered by non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 and world reduce its “emissions intensity” by 33 percent to 35 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Wind energy being clean energy has to play a major role in achieving these goals to meet the challenges of climate change. The details of Statewise and year-wise target by 2022 set by the government are as given below:

(MW)

Percentage of Achievement w.r.t Target as on 31st March, 2016

Andhra Pradesh

8100

17.67%

Gujarat

8800

45.88%

Sr. No.

States

Target for Wind Power Projects

Wind energy having a share of around 63% in renewable portfolio, has contributed in a substantial measure in the

October 2016

Target by 2022

GuestArticle

Renewable

Karnataka

6200

46.28%

Madhya Pradesh

6200

34.53%

Maharashtra

7600

61.30%

Rajasthan

8600

46.43%

Tamil Nadu

11900

63.98%

Telangana

2000

3.89%

Others

600

7.97% 44.78%

Total (MW)

60,000

the inter-state transmission charges and losses for wind power projects.

Conclusion It is concluded that wind energy development is of great importance from the point of view of long term energy supply security, decentralization of energy supply particularly for the benefit of the rural population, environmental benefits and sustainability in power sector also. For wind energy development in India, the renewable energy program has been in existence for more than three decades, but a market for renewable energy technologies still need to be exists. The government policies should encourage more private participation and industry collaboration in R&D for rapid commercialization of wind energy and in market infrastructure development. Public-private role in wind energy development needs to be redefined. The government share in wind power installed capacity need to be increased. ▪ Ashok Upadhyay

In order to facilitate transmission of wind power from aforesaid windy States to non-windy States provisions have been made in the Tariff Policy to waive

BE (Electrical), M Tech. Hon. (Ind. Engg.) M. Phil (Renewable Energy), PHD Scholar Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

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October 2016

31st December 2016 20th January 2017

October 2016

ExpertSpeak

Renewable energy

Based upon ambitious targets in renewables, India is increasing its total installed capacity in solar and wind energy via higher investments and research collaborations.

ince assuming office in May 2014, the NDA Government has set ambitious targets in the power sector and the renewables segment. Presently, India has the fifth-largest power generation portfolio, with an installed capacity of 304.7 GW in July 2016. It is also the fourth-largest wind energy producer in terms of installed capacity, following China, the US and Germany. The country now targets 175 GW of capacity from renewables by 2022, of which 60 GW will come from wind energy. Besides solar, wind energy plays an important role in India’s power plans. At present, India’s total wind power installed capacity is about 27 GW, which accounts for around 9% of the country’s total installed capacity. This will rise by 4,300 MW in 201617 and is set to grow 30% annually, with most capacity additions by Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Maharashtra, among others. Before this, the highest capacity addition in wind happened in 2015-16, when 3,300 MW was installed – a growth of 43% over the previous year and a record until then.

Unprecedented Growth Along with solar, wind energy has seen unprecedented growth due to technology advancements and a positive policy environment for renewables followed by both the Centre and States. Thanks to this, the renewables sector has attracted investments of more than $3.16 billion, with total installation being around 64% of the country’s total grid interactive renewable energy capacity. According to experts, this is equal to curbing carbon emissions by more than 58.56 million tonnes annually – or akin to planting more than 1.76 billion trees. That India’s clean energy drive is gathering momentum is clear from the fact that green energy has overtaken the capacity of large hydroelectricity projects that once supplied the most electricity. As per statistics released by the Central Electricity Authority, out of India’s total capacity of around 304.7 GW on 31 July this year, the total capacity of renewable energy, expanded to 44.2 GW, surpassing hydropower at 42.8 GW. But the nation still depends

upon thermal power since this has a much higher installed capacity, while supplies from renewables plants are not available consistently. Nonetheless, clean energy’s soaring capacity marks a momentous milestone in India’s energy scenario and heralds its rise as the world’s fastest-growing renewable energy nation. Given its immense market potential, companies from across the globe are participating in India’s auctions for solar-powered projects. Not surprisingly, Union Minister for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy, Piyush Goyal has set a stiff Rs 600,000 crore target for building renewable energy plants, which includes 100,000 MW of solar power capacity by 2022. This is five times the previous target of 20,000 MW. The Government has also made clear its intentions of achieving 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy sources by 2030, to be undertaken via transfer of technology and low-cost international funding, which would include the Green Climate Fund.

October 2016

ExpertSpeak

Renewable energy

Investments and Global Collaborations The rise in renewables’ capacity is practical and fortunate for India. Although the country has huge potential for hydroelectricity, massive protests against its environmental impact have stalled most projects in Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. The biggest cause of concern has been the submergence of thousands of hectares of land, displacement of local communities and lack of proper rehabilitation of the displaced. These have redflagged hydropower as being environmentally unfriendly and economically unviable, with negative outcomes outweighing benefits. Signalling its steadfast commitment towards clean energy, the Union Government recently announced plans to double investments for clean energy research in the next five years from $72 million to $145

million. The Government has also announced India will be collaborating with Britain in setting up a Joint Virtual Clean Energy Centre to counter challenges in solar energy. It will also be launching a new Research Track on Smart Energy Grids and Energy Storage under the India-US Partnership to promote clean energy research. According to Union Minister for Science and Technology Dr Harsh Vardhan, super-efficient air-conditioners can reduce energy demand from 60 GW to 40 GW – a saving of more than 30%, translating into cost savings in energy bills of $2.8 billion and greenhouse gas reductions of 20 million tons of CO2 equivalent. The Minister also revealed that India’s LED lighting programme – the world’s largest – has seen the country lead the way by driving 12% of global LED demand, rising from 0.1% just two years ago.

All these initiatives to boost clean energy capacity are indeed commendable. If the Government does meet its ambitious clean energy targets, it may only be a question of time before India emerges as the leading nation in the use of renewable energy. ▪ Anurag Garg Vice President – Solar, Schneider Electric India

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InDepth

he “anthropocene” era is the period, generally seen as starting in the late 1960’s, when human activity began to disturb weather patterns, ecosystems, and societies. Indeed climate change resulting in rapid loss of water-table is believed to have catalysed civil war and the humanitarian disaster in Syria. Closer to home our overdependence on increasingly unpredictable monsoons is a grave risk to the sustained well-being of the nation. Since water is required to produce both energy and food even small, predictable and regional fluctuations in the availability of water cause socio-economic distress. The so-called food-energy-water nexus describes an unstable equilibrium that the state must maintain in order to provide all three elements with minimum uncertainty and cost to the people of the nation.

In 2015 the 21st Conference of Parties (COP-21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) met in Paris to agree upon a mechanism of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s) to meet a global target for reducing carbon emissions. 146 nations including India submitted a list of “Intended” NDC’s (INDC’s) in 2015 [1]. In order to become a legally binding Treaty at least 55 nations will be required to ratify their commitments to the treaty by April 2017. Currently 27 nations including China and the USA have done so. While India has yet to submit a formal ratification the government has already announced ambitious programs that align well with commitments declared in the INDC document. In this document the Government of India declares a commitment to the development of the nation through investment in low-carbon-intensity technologies. Broadly speaking India commits that by 2030 we will reduce the emissions intensity of our GDP by 35% from 2005 levels, generate 40% of our energy through clean, renewable technologies, and invest extensively in the development of a “green infrastructure”. The latter includes building

Renewable energy

a carbon-sink (forest-cover), investing in modern watermanagement and transportation systems, etc. The total cost of all these measures is estimated to be around USD 2.5 trillion between now and 2030[2], which will be partially funded by taxpayers and the balance by the international Green Climate Fund.

Figure 1: Energy mix commitment in the INDC document

One of the policy measures that will contribute significantly to meeting these commitments is the National Solar Mission. The deliverable of this program has been significantly enhanced from 20 GW to 100 GW installed by 2022, or approximately 12 GW per year. Major challenges facing this goal are land-acquisition, the availability of a stable and modern grid that can accommodate variable power sources, access to new technologies and low-cost capital. We posit that it should be possible to develop efficient solar-photovoltaic “solutions” that deliver energy for sustainable development while enabling or supporting other commitments made in the INDC document. This approach would use synergies that naturally exist within the food-energy-water nexus, thereby reducing the severity of some of these challenges, reducing the

October 2016

InDepthâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;

Renewable energy

financial burden of meeting these INDC commitments, as well as delivering sustainable development and good governance. A few concepts along these lines are discussed in this paper, with hope that the government and industry consider such a congruent approach in developing policies and technology roadmaps.

land-acquisition issues. The World Bank recommends that in order to deliver on their expectations such schemes will require tailoring for the energy needs and societal limitations of each state[4].

Case-Study #1: Rural Macrogrids and Feeder Separation Successive governments have attempted to boost the manufacturing sector as one way to reduce dependence on agricultural income and boost GDP. One of the primary challenges hampering growth in the manufacturing sector is the lack of stable electrical power. Unscheduled power outages can have multiple knock-on consequences for manufacturers ranging from higher operating costs (due to the increased use of Diesel generators), higher wastage, damage to equipment, and even loss of life. The impact of uncertain power is, if anything, more deeply felt in the agricultural sector. Rural feeders in India tend to be few and far in-between, as well as much longer than in urban sectors. As a result random electrical faults that in a city would have isolated only one city block can cause an entire district with several villages and farms to go dark. Uncertainty about the availability of power â&#x20AC;&#x201C; far more than the lack of power generation capacity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; leads to behaviours such as theft of electricity, or the tendency to pump excessive volumes of ground-water whenever there is power. It also makes unviable the establishment of small and medium-scale enterprises that could uplift rural economies. A solution is required that would simultaneously address Transmission & Distribution losses, minimize wide-area outages in the event of electrical fault, and deliver stable power where it is needed. It is proposed to construct several small (perhaps 1-2 MW) solar power plants, each capable of either operating independently or connected to the grid, in remote rural or tribal locations. The Government of India has sanctioned 43000 crores under the Deendayal Updhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) to finance the separation of electricity feeders to agricultural and rural consumers[3]. A financing model built on generation-based incentives and where the local community takes part-ownership in each macro-grid might also help resolve project security and

Figure 2: Feeder segregation and solar power for rural consumers

Case-Study #2: Floating Solar Power The creation of a secure land-bank is essential for the development of green-energy corridors. However rural land acquisition by government has always been a politically sensitive subject. Where these conflicting interests perhaps converge is in the matter of irrigation. One of the most ambitious and high-impact programs described in the INDC document is the formation of a nationwide Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) system that will connect rivers together via a network of reservoirs and canals. This project has the potential to link flood-prone regions of water-surplus with water-scarce regions, as well as refill depleted underground aquifers. One of the engineering elements of the IWRM is the use of electric pumps to lift water to reservoirs at some altitude, from where it will be distributed via canals to farms and villages via gravity. The electricity requirements for such a system can be significant. The Pattiseema Lift Irrigation Scheme in Andhra Pradesh connects the water-rich and flood-prone Godavari river with the drought-prone Krishna river via the 160 km long Polavaram Right Canal[5]. Additional Left canals are planned for the future. Around 100 MW of power will be required to feed its 24 pumps[6]. If one were to use solar energy to produce this much power round-the-clock the plant would occupy around 1000 acres of precious farmland. The total surface area of just the right-canal and reservoirs along its 160 km length will easily exceed 1000 acres. Furthermore water evaporation losses along such a long canal can be severe. This problem presents a serendipitous opportunity for floating solar power systems that are built over pontoons floating in the water. It is now a proven fact that mounting solar panels on water can reduce wind-speed over water and help reduce evaporation losses by around 30%[7], while at the same time allowing the solar panels to operate at cooler temperatures, thus producing around 10% more electricity[8]. Rights of way for the power-plant as well as for distribution lines could be over the canal, further boosting the value of the project. Floating photovoltaics is a relatively new

October 2016

InDepth

Renewable energy

for clean energy. Given that solar energy has energy payback time as well as emissions payback time of between 2-4 years[10], and a productive lifetime of over 25 years this is an investment that will go a long way towards meeting India’s low carbon intensity commitment framed in the INDC. Solar energy is expected to achieve gridparity against imported coal in India by 2018 using today’s basic technology[11]. Investments underway in vertical integration and new solar cell and module technologies could help achieve this goal sooner in full compliance with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “Make in India” initiative. solution-technology and only a very small number of companies worldwide have achieved the necessary level of competence and cost-effectiveness. SunMount Engineering in Mumbai has recently launched a floating-power solution with an international partner, that is completely “Make in India” compliant. Their product uses long-lasting materials and construction techniques developed for the irrigation industry, and a rugged, fail-safe pontoon design derived from offshore-wind technology. Most crucially the solution is designed to the passage of ample light and free flow of air underwater to support underwater life and prevent bio-fouling. Floating solar-power plants can also be mounted over lagoons, or near-shore on sea-water. In such cases the energy produced can be consumed at source for desalination or water-treatment, adding further to the commitments outlined in the INDC document.

The government has already implemented a solar rooftops policy that, in keeping with the theme of this paper, delivers clean energy while complying with the Smart Cities initiative. Three opportunities are proposed here that could, if implemented properly, deliver on additional commitments made in the INDC while meeting the developmental goals of the nation. A thorough reading of the INDC document may reveal more such symbiotic opportunities. This paper makes no attempt to offer solutions for financing of such engineering solutions; however it is evident from the literature that there are already programs in place or evolving nationally (REC, DDUGJY) and internationally (Green Climate Fund, etc.) that could be tapped, perhaps through the guidance of the International Solar Alliance.

Case-Study #3: Solar Energy and Biomass The earthquake, tsunami and nuclear fallout disaster at Fukushima, Japan raised global awareness of why industrial development must be engineered to minimize ecological impact. Indeed that unfortunate event was instrumental for the success of the COP-20 Treaty Meeting in Paris in 2015. At Fukushima the farmland surrounding the damaged reactor was declared unsafe for agricultural plants. The government of Japan supported local farmers by building “Renewable Energy Villages”, with solar PV plants on their farmland, allowing them to earn an income from sale of electricity[9]. These widely-spaced solar panels are mounted on tall poles under which are grown shade-tolerant plants such as rapeseed (canola) that are used as fuel for biogas. While such power-plants are more expensive to construct they offer an opportunity to use fertile farmland for power generation (and irrigation) and generate an additional source of income for farmers. Indeed cogenerated (biomass) power is one of the components of the INDC commitments, so this approach offers another serendipitous opportunity to delivering two deliverables together while promoting rural economies and executing good governance.

Figure 3: Map of the Pattiseema project, Andhra Pradesh, India

Conclusion Solar energy continues inexorably on its path to lower costs and higher efficiencies, driven by a global demand

Figure 4: Growing shade-tolerant biofuel plants under solar panels

October 2016

InDepth

Renewable energy

2 “Renewable Energy and the pathway to Paris”, Sudatta Ray, et al, CEEW, New Delhi, February 2015 3 “Feeder Segregation Scheme”, Govt. of India Press Information Bureau, August 2015 4 “Lighting rural India: Load segregation experience in selected states”, The World Bank, February 2014 5 “Godavari and Krishna Rivers Interlink: When Two Rivers Meet”, Srinivas Janyala, Indian Express, 11 September 2015 6 “Powering Pattiseema to cost a bomb”, S. Guru Srikanth, The New Indian Express, 18 Aug 2015 7 ”Experimental study of the effect of floating solar panels on reducing evaporation in Singapore reservoirs”, Gair Kai Xiang Melvin, National University of Singapore, 2015 8 ”A study of power generation analysis of floating PV systems considering environmental impact”, Young-Kwan Choi, Intl J. Software Engg and Applications, v.8, No.1 (2014), pp75-84 9 “Japan plants renewable energy village in Fukushima’s contaminated farmland”, Jeremy Hsu, IEEE Spectrum, January 2014 10 ”Photovoltaics Energy Payback Times, Greenhouse Gas emissions and External costs: 2004-early 2005 status”, V. Fthenakis, Prog. Photovolt: Res.Appl. 2006, v.14: pp275-280 Figure 5: Levelized Cost (LCOE) trend for solar energy in India[11]

11 ”Reaching India’s Renewable Energy Targets Cost-effectively”, Gireesh Shrimali, et al, Indian School of Business, April 2015 ▪

REFERENCES

Sandeep R. Koppikar Chief Technology Officer

1 “India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution: Working towards Climate Justice”, at WWW4.UNFCC.INT

Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, INDIA

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1000/1800/2400/-

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Insight

ndia’s current peak power demand is approximately about 140 GW (Jan 2016). In 2015 (December) the peak yearly deficit stood at -1.9. The power demand is expected to rise and stand at 300 GW in a decade. With population growing exponentially and fossil fuels reserves depleting, the energy deficit will obviously hit double digits without an alternative approach. On the other hand, according to recent calculations,India can produce 1,000 GW of solar energy, using just 0.50 percent of its land. Plus, solar industry brings the opportunity to improve socio-economic infrastructure, by claiming a market portion in this global energy shift. So, it is easy to come to a conclusion that solar is the best bet for growth in India. Indian Government has obviously taken these facts into consideration and launched several measures such as improving infrastructure, raising awareness, and bringing investments to speed up the growth. But like every other multi-pronged operation, solar industry too has some glitches and lags that needs to be worked out.

Present Situation Recent developments under policies under JNNSM, Central & State policies, RECs, new manufacturing setups in the country, private PPAs and initiatives like- mandating solar installation in Government buildings, raising tax free solar bonds, offering long tenure loans, ‘Solar Park’ development have brought investment and successfully created the environment for Indian solar industry to grow. India’s growth from 5 MW energy generation capacity installation in 2011 to 8 GW in August 2016 is a testament to success of these initiatives. MNRE has also approved 33 solar parks in 21 states with 19.9 GW capacity. Approximately 4.8 GW of capacity

Renewable energy

is expected to be commissioned in the calendar year 2016. Summingup to a 140% growth than capacity commissioned in 2015. Government is showing initiatives like coming into agreements with different states (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Telangana, Karnataka Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Punjab) to draft schemes for easy solar energy generation and usability. Southern states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka are expected to add 80% of all new capacity in 2016. Large scale, residential, and even utility scale installation in these states are speeding up solar growth in India. Rural electrification, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojna, Pradhan Mantri Ujjal Yojana, Ujjal Bharat and Power for All programmes are also helping the country to offer energy in the underdeveloped areas. More than 9,134 villages electrified till date under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram JyotiYojna shows that Power for all initiative is running on the right path. Rooftop solar development is also being given quite the importance under Shri Narendra Modi’s Government. As of March 31, 2016 the rooftop solar installed capacity stands at 740 MW. High consumer awareness in Tamil Nadu has resulted in maximum rooftop development in the state. Gujarat is second in the rooftop market and reasons behind its growth is state government initiatives. INR 5000 Crore has already been approved for promotion of rooftop solar in the country. And to support it, there are Off-grid and Decentralized Solar Thermal Application Scheme, Off-Grid and decentralised Solar PV Applications schemes. Over the last couple of years, pricing of solar system has also been decreased significantly over 70%. And it is expected to decline even further to about 30 Cents/Wp in 2018. Declining price has increased demand for solar energy and led to quality improvement of the modules. All these developments have played into making solar

October 2016

Insight

Renewable energy

energy more viable and at par with conventional energy. Shri Piyush Goyal has supported this development saying, solar is now cheaper than coal in many parts of the country. In approximately 12 states, solar energy has already reached grid parity for SME & industrial clients.

test. Testing process should surpass the preliminary IEC type tests, and include stringent IQC, IPQC, FQC quality control with process CTQ monitoring, EL inspection of modules, maintenance of statistical process controls, RM evaluation for each raw material etc.

Challenges and how to tackle them

There are various policies expediting the growth of solar in India. These policies have brought- renewable purchase obligation (RPO), feed-in-tariff (FIT), renewable energy certificates (REC), long term power purchase agreements (PPAS), accelerated depreciation (ad) benefits and reverse bidding/auctions. But this multipolicy environment has also created confusion among solar companies and sustained losses.

Although the progress is impressive, there are a few hurdles. Obviously Indian Government is mounting progressive initiatives to make cities green. But, lack of awareness is holding back the development. Most of the major developments are targeted towards cities, thus keeping villages away from knowing more about the solar energy. As of April 2015, according India has 18,452 unelectrified villages. Awareness about solar, can speed up off-grid installations in these areas and make India’s ‘power for all’ scheme a success. And even with all the development option, awareness situation in cities is not too good either. As a result, contribution of solar energy generation from households is still approximately 1 MW. Not bringing in general population in solar development, is costing India plenty. Raising awareness can increase Indian solar growth tenfold. In order to do this, more actively organizing education campaigns would be best for Indian Government. Awareness and education has to combine and influence at all levels. Speaking out and advertising in schools and colleges to different community sectors in city and villages, would help people choose solar. Government should also consider releasing a list of empanelled companies, with whom people can contact and buy solar panels from or gather information about them. Information on cost of rooftop installations and how much energy it will generate would also offer people clarity. Aggressively implementing net-metering is also important to make this plan work. For example, we can highlight solar awareness in the US, which is powered by more than $100 million on renewable energy education. Although our solar industry is leapfrogging to achieve a mammoth target to 100GW by 2022, it still lacks a uniform module development standard. Maintaining a quality standard is not just important to get acceptance in global market, it also results in sustainability. India has only three primary labs in the whole country, capable enough to check the quality of the modules. A National Institute of Solar Energy laboratory in Gurgaon, and two private labs in Bengaluru. These labs can test approximately 150 modules annually. Although, MNRE has setup a three panel committee to supervise and control the quality standard for solar equipment, we are yet to see large positive changes in the sector. To create and uphold a module quality standard, Government needs to invest in establishing more testing facilities. Programs like ISA will help in such situations to understand and highlight the right path to quality maintenance. Testing standard should be set and certificates should be issued for products that pass the

October 2016

To get the country out of the policy confusion, Indian Government needs to create and implement a uniform policy framework. The framework has to be huge enough to cover all the bases required for comprehensive solar growth. Today, different states in India like- Haryana, Gujrat, Rajasthan have their own rooftop policies, netmetering policies, and unique subsidy schemes to encourage solar development. Government has to draft and implement a policy that can every state accept and follow without issues. Plummeting solar tariffs is also another challenge that India needs to tackle quickly. Although, decreasing solar tariff may seem like a good thing for consumers, the issue brings the question of sustainability. India needs investment of $100 billion (approx.) to reach its 100 GW target. Third party investments play a major role in Indian solar growth. And shrinking down solar cost may scare the investors away by reducing their ROI. In 2016, Indian solar sector has seen its record low power tariff to INR 4.34/unit. Although, it was a sign of solar power reaching parity with traditional power, shrinking down ROIs of investors could really hurt Indian solar sector along the way. Plus, there was the issue of facing financing constraints for projects under development as banks refusing to invest due to low ROI from the projects. However, solar development is possible without drastically cutting down solar tariffs. For example, we can highlight the growth of Tamil Nadu’s solar industry under progressive policies and state Government support (maintaining INR 7.01/kWh) as FIT. Government should consider this example and move forward accordingly. Delays in land acquisition is a bottleneck for progress in the solar sector. The time consuming process delays project execution increasing expenses. Even Government’s solar park development projects have been put on hold due to delaying land acquisition. For example, we can point out that Maharashtra’s renewable energy policy is delayed because of land acquisition. To handle the land acquisition problems, India needs to create land banks and draft satisfactory resettlement and rehabilitation for land owners. Gujrat, Haryana, And Rajasthan Government has created land banks for solar parks and infrastructural enhancement. But, more needs to be done to see substantial growth.

Insight

Then there is the issue of lack of growth in domestic manufacturing capacities. If we re-visit the original solar vision, we will see that the primary idea behind the Indian solar vision was energy sustainability and initiating internal industrial growth to control nation’s own solar future. Approaching investors, drafting policies, and getting multi-billion-dollar financial aid to install solar panels in the country are obviously increasing the energy generation rate. Which stands today at 8.06 GW. But, it doesn’t actually build industrial infrastructure required to claim a portion of global solar market or to provide sustainability. Indian Government is obviously trying to enhance domestic manufacturing capacity by offering capital subsidies to manufacturing plants, bringing quotas for domestic module usage requirement in large utility scale projects. However, due to lack of scale in Indian industry, domestically manufactured modules are still Rs 5 to Rs 6 costlier than imported modules. It is true that Indian solar sector is still growing and it needs time to be ready for global competition, but the country needs to focus on domestic manufacturing to avoid imports hijacking its solar economy. Helping domestic module manufacturing industry will help India to assure sustainability and manufacture quality modules. This would be the right step towards gaining solar self-reliance. Indian power sector has an investment potential of INR 15 trillion (US$ 222.36 billion) in the next 4–5 years. This much financial aid can help Indian domestic manufacturing capacity to develop and reach global standards. However, surprisingly larger portion of India’s investment for solar sector still goes to purchasing imports, rather than enhancing domestic module manufacturing capacities. To create a level playing field, Indian Government needs to build demand for domestically produced modules. Although, India’s pursuit after the DCR regulation was turned down by WTO, Government should introduce more DCR-M based tenders to create demand. The DCR-M intent is perfectly aligned with the ‘Make in India’ initiative. This policy can create demand and bring in investments to initiate infrastructural growth, creating the platform for back integration. The Goods and Service Tax (GST) is also presenting a few problems in domestic capacity enhancement. Currently domestic solar industry enjoys several tax exemptions (local value added tax excise, entry tax) etc. Financial aid is required for growth at this juncture and these benefits have helped domestic companies set up or expand their operation units. But, GST implementation could raise the tax charges up to 18%-20%. It will also increase the cost of solar equipment by 12-20%. Such developments can slow down India’s solar growth. Indian Government can also use GST to boost Indian domestic solar growth by waving off GST on domestic requirements and place it on module imports. Taking initiatives like exemption of service taxes for solar development, making supply and services of solar materials ‘zero’ rated, and offering subsidies to solar manufacturing plants in Special Economic Zone (SEZs) can help domestic manufacturers build solar reliant India.

Renewable energy

Another challenge for India is to grow out of its increasing focus towards imports. India has imported 161.5 million solar panels in financial year 2014–15. Which cost almost $821 million. The import expenditure has jumped to $1.3 billion in 2015-16. Spending millions of dollars on importing solar equipment is not exactly the best option for a country that is trying to compete with global leaders in Solar energy sector like China, Japan, and US. Simply put, there is a slim chance of getting ahead of competitors in a market, when they are your suppliers. Currently, imported solar products hold more than 70% of share in Indian solar market. Foreign modules (mainly Chinese) also account for two-thirds of the RS 5,000 Crore rural Indian markets. And considering the issues (domestic growth, quality factor) brought on by imported equipment, there is a bit of uncertainty to the Indian solar future. Government is aware of low performance of imported modules and they are looking for solutions. If we look at the quality of the imported panels, we will find that these products also fail to provide consistent performance for extended time frame. Shri Amarpal Singh, chief executive of the Punjab Energy Development Agency revealed at a conference held by the ‘Chamber of Commerce and Industry’, that imported (Chinese) modules cannot sustain solar power generation for longer time frame (beyond a period of five years). Members of India’s solar industry have also spoken out against the sub-standard quality of imported solar modules for more than once. Highlighting that low quality imported modules being implemented in energy grid can damage the energy transmission and jeopardize sustainability. But imported solar panels are still finding no difficulty to flood Indian solar industry, due to our Nation’s reluctance in imposing anti-dumping duties on these equipment. Imposing anti-dumping can maximize Indian Government’s efforts of supporting domestic capacity enhancement. For example, we can look at USA which has imposed 50% duties on Chinese imported solar equipment, after a thorough research revealed that Chinese solar imports have sold solar equipment at dumping margins ranging from 18.32% to 249.96% with the help of subsidies ranging from 14.78% to 15.97%. Europe has also imposed duties on solar imports, and judging from the domestic solar growth of both, we can state that imposing anti-dumping duty is working for them. And if it works for them, it will most certainly work for us as well. So, the Government needs to seriously re-consider imposing anti-dumping duties on imported solar modules, as it will support domestic manufacturers. As it seems, Indian solar growth is impressive but still needs a few protective measures before it spreads its wings. A bit of adjustment and renewed focus on critical areas can surely take India to the heights in the solar industry. ▪ Joy Saxena Executive Director – Finance, Vikram Solar

October 2016

Opinion

Renewable energy

Regulations, Policy & Tariff Orders have been issued by respective States driven by their own specific requirements. While implementations take place in States there is a need to have some uniformity nationally to the extent possible. Need for Net Metering Policy A Consumer pays for Electricity (Power imported from Distribution Licensee) it consumes. After installation of Solar Roof Top Systems, it is expected that Consumer will meet all or a part of his Electricity requirements from such Systems and also feed surplus Power, if any, into Grid (export). Net Metering involves summation of import / export of Power. Hence, the need to have Regulations, Policy & Tariff Order for such Power exchange. The availability of Net Metering Policy is useful to all Stakeholders and most importantly,

Electricity Consumers Policy is expected to help Consumers to gainfully utilise their Roof Top Space with benefits viz., One - reduce dependency on Distribution Licensee to the extent possible depending on the size of the Solar Roof Top System installed; Two â&#x20AC;&#x201C; reduce their Electricity Bills due to less import and export of surplus, if any, Electrical Units;

Distribution Licensees Policy is expected to help Distribution Licensees in manners viz., One - to

import Renewable Power to meet their RPO obligations; Two - reduce Supply Demand Gap during Peak Power;

steps for measurement of import and export of Electricity

clarifies implication of RPO & eligibility of REC

defines settlement period, method of settlement of unadjusted Electrical Units

Solar Industry Manufacturers of Solar Panels, Inverters, Cables etc. in the Solar Industry to benefit from increased installations;

National Due to enhanced Solar Installations a positive impact is expected on Climate Change through reduction in Carbon emissions. Various States have come out with necessary Regulations around on key issues including Applicability, Eligible Consumer & Individual Plant Capacity, Interconnection with Grid, Wheeling & Cross Subsidy Charge, Metering Arrangement etc. Net Metering Policy of respective State covers hh

defines eligible Consumers, Distribution Licensee, capacity of Systems

provides guidelines for Installation of Solar Roof Top systems

Regulations indicating Guidelines on Metering arrangement of some States is enumerated as under: From the above and also referring to similar Guidelines applicable in other States it needs to be appreciated that Regulations differ on Installation Point, sharing of Cost of meter & meter installation, Testing Methodology of Meters etc. Similarly, extent of exemptions in Wheeling & Cross Subsidy Charges vary from State to State. Therefore, nationally we need to effect minimum changes to make, these available Regulations, Policies & Tariff Orders, as uniform as possible keeping scope for minimal specific variations for the States as well.

October 2016

Opinion

Renewable energy

STATE

Metering Arrangement

Rajasthan

Metering system to be as per the Regulations for installation & operation of meters for Rooftop Solar systems under net-metering arrangement specified in these regulations. Net meter to be installed at the interconnection point of the Eligible Consumer with the network of the Licensee. For the existing consumers, consumer meter to be replaced with the net meter. Consumers having ABT compliant meters are not required to install additional net meter. Solar meter to be installed at the solar facility after the inverter

Punjab

Solar meter to be installed at generation point by Solar Energy System and delivered to the main panel. Meters to be installed and maintained by the Distribution Licensee at the cost of the eligible consumer. In case the consumer is under the ambit of time of day tariff, meters compliant of recording time of day consumption / generation to be installed.

Madhya Pradesh

Cost of new/additional meter(s), including installation to be borne by the eligible Consumer. Meters to be installed by the licensee. In case the consumer is under the ambit of time of day tariff, meters compliant of recording time of day consumption / generation to be employed

Maharashtra

Net Meter to be at the of interconnection point, as ascertained by the Distribution Licensee Net Meter at the Eligible Consumer premises to be procured and installed by the Licensee at its own cost. Licensee to be responsible for supply, installation, testing and maintenance of the metering equipment Solar Generation Meter to be maintained by the Distribution Licensee at its cost. If Consumer is within the ambit of Time-of-Day(ToD) Tariff, the Net Meter shall be capable of recording ToD consumption and generation

Karnataka

Meters to conform to the standards, specifications and provisions as provided in CEA Regulations

Brief on Maharashtra State Renewable Energy Policy State Government has come out with Renewable Energy Policy for Maharashtra in June / July 2015 with a focus to source 14400 MW of Power from Renewable Energy sources within the next five years. This target of 14400 MW includes 5000 MW of Wind Power, 7500 MW of Solar Power, the balance coming from small hydel and biomass.

Solar Power MAHAGENCO, the State Generation Utility is expected to install 2500 MW of ground based Solar Projects, and 5000 MW of ground based Solar Projects with minimum size of 1 MW (1000 KW) are expected to be put up by different entities on PPA basis. Some of the key aspects of Net Metering Policy of State are:Solar Roof Top Systems can be installed by any Power consumer in his premises in order to meet all or a part of his Electricity requirements subject to the following limits For single phase 230 V systems – 8 KW or 40 Amperes

October 2016

For Three phase 440 systems – up to 187 KVA in Municipal limits and up to 100 KVA beyond Municipal limits

Solar Energy under this Net Metering arrangement shall not be eligible for Renewable Energy Certificates.

For HT 11 KV systems – above 187 KVA (within Mumbai limits) & above 100 KVA (other areas) but less than 1000 KVA

Solar Energy under this Net Metering arrangement shall qualify to be used to meet Solar RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligations) of the Consumer (if he is an obligated entity) for which he is expected to install Solar Generation Meter at his own cost.

Capacity of Solar Roof Top System shall not exceed the Contract Demand (in KVA) or the sanctioned Load (in KW) of the Consumer. Priority will be given to Solar Roof Top installations already installed before announcement of the Policy and Regulations. Consumer and Distribution Licensee will enter into a twentyyear Agreement which could be terminated by either side with thirty days’ notice. A Net Meter or a combination of meters capable of recording both import and export of Electricity shall be procured, tested & installed by the Distribution Licensee as per the regulations specified by CEA and follow Electricity code. The Consumer can also procure the Net Meter depending upon circumstances but the Testing & Installation will be done by Distribution Licensee.

Solar Energy under this Net Metering arrangement shall qualify to be used to meet Solar RPO (Renewable Purchase Obligations) of the Distribution Licensee (if Consumer is not an obligated entity and he permits the Distribution Licensee) for which the Distribution Licensee is expected to install Solar Generation Meter at its own cost. Distribution Licensee will ensure that the interconnection of Roof Top Solar Systems with its network conforms to all the Specifications and Standards. Cumulative capacity of all the Solar Roof Top Systems connected to the Distribution Transformer will not exceed 40 % of its rated capacity. If Import exceeds the Export of Power during a billing period, then

Opinion

Renewable energy

STATE Rajasthan

Wheeling & Cross Subsidy surcharge Rooftop Solar system under net metering, whether self/ third party owned installed on consumer premises exempted from banking, wheeling charges and cross subsidy surcharge

Punjab

Rooftop Solar system under net metering both self/third party owned, installed on eligible consumer premises, exempted from various provisions of PSERC (Terms & Conditions for Intra State Open Access) Regulations – 2011

Madhya Pradesh

RE system under net metering, whether self/ third party owned installed on consumer premises exempted from banking, wheeling and cross subsidy

Himachal Pradesh

Exempted from Banking, Wheeling, cross subsidy and other charges for five years.

Karnataka

No Wheeling, Banking Charges & Cross subsidy surcharge for ten Years from COD

the Distribution Licensee shall claim Electricity dues for the net of Electrical Units from Consumer at the prevailing Tariff. If Import is less than the Export of Power during a billing period, then the net of Electrical Units will be credited to the Consumer and

carried forward to the next billing period for adjustment;

Regulatory Commission within the first month of the following year;

Unadjusted Electrical Units at the end of Settlement period (from 01 st April till 30 th march of next year) will be purchased by the Distribution Licensee at its Average Cost of Power Purchase as approved by

Hence, at the beginning of each Settlement period, the quantum of Electricity exported will be reset to zero. ▪ Virender Kumar Gupta

Chief Manager – Renewables , International Copper Association India, Mumbai.

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October 2016

InFocus

enewable energy is considered to be an important driver for low carbon growth and India’s sustainable solution to issues related to electrification in remote locations. India has around 300 GW of known renewable energy potential. This potential is likely to be even greater than 300 GW, if all the sources including tidal, wave, geothermal with significant generation capacity will be mapped. Even with such a vast potential, only ~15% of renewable energy potential (i.e. 44 GW) is developed in the country. The total installed capacity in India is around 304 GW (as on July, 2016) primarily dominated by thermal sources of energy. Thermal energy contributes around 69 % of total installed capacity followed by hydro, renewable and nuclear energy. Renewable energy forms ~15 % of total installed capacity. This also shows that we are progressively moving towards the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) target of renewable energy. India’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions and fuel related concerns in conventional sector has increased in recent years; the Government has shifted focus towards development of renewable energy sources. This step will help India in achieving energy security, reducing adverse environmental impact, lowering carbon intensity and realizing its aspirations for leadership in high-technology industries by contributing to a more balanced regional and global development. Government of India set Renewable Power target of 1,75,000 MW to be achieved by the year 2022. However, in order to achieve the NAPCC targets vis-à-vis GOI target, India needs a substantial increase in renewable energy capacity in the next five years. The primary commercial energy inputs to the Indian economy are from coal, oils, and hydroelectricity and to a limited extent nuclear energy. Concerns about carbon dioxide emission, global warming and long term availability of fossil fuel supplies has led to greatly renewed interest in all forms of renewable energy and

so the time may have come for ocean renewable energy as well. All ocean energy technologies, except tidal barrages, are conceptual, undergoing R&D, or are in the pre-commercial prototype and demonstration stage. The globally distributed resources and relatively high energy density associated with most ocean energy sources provide ocean energy with the potential to make an important contribution to energy supply in the coming decades, if technical challenges can be overcome and costs thereby reduced. Accordingly, a range of initiatives are being employed to promote and accelerate the development and deployment of ocean energy technologies. In India’s perspective, there is tremendous scope for the energy from the ocean as India has a long coastline of about 7500 km and about 336 islands in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.. The ocean can produce two types of energy: “thermal energy” from the sun’s heat, and “mechanical energy” from the tides and waves. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface, making them the world’s largest solar collectors. The sun’s heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world. Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant. The ocean also provides, naturally, various mechanisms to collect, concentrate and transform that energy into forms that might be more useful. The oceans are a heat engine that transforms solar energy into the kinetic energy of wind, waves and current. These forms of high quality energy are very useful, but often intermittent, require more or less large collectors, and may have environmental issues. On the other hand, wind

October 2016

InFocus

and wave tend to be stronger in winter, when direct solar energy is lower, so they may provide seasonal leveling in association with land based direct solar systems. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion eliminates the heat collector, and provides steady power, but has practical issues and tends to be in distant locations. India has a long coastline with the estuaries and gulfs where tides are strong enough to move turbines for electrical power generation. A variety of different technologies are currently under development throughout the world to harness this energy in all its forms including waves (40,000 MW), tides (9000 MW) and thermal gradients (180,000 MW). Deployment is currently limited but the sector has the potential to grow, fuelling economic growth, reduction of carbon footprint and creating jobs not only along the coasts but also inland along its supply chains. Government of India steps up its effort to reach the objectives to contemplate its Renewable Energy and climate change objectives post 2022, it is opportune to explore all possible avenues to stimulate innovation, create economic growth and new jobs as well as to reduce our carbon footprint. Given the long-term energy need through this abundant source, action needs to be taken in order to ensure that the ocean energy sector can play a meaningful part in achieving our objectives in coming decades. MNRE looks over the horizon at a promising new technology and considers the various options available to support its development. The objective of the programme is to accelerate and enhance support for the research, development, resource assessment, testing and deployment of ocean energy in the country and to harness it for power generation and to overcome the barriers by encouraging collaboration between the technology developers, investors and other stakeholders so as to bridge the gap between research and the market. The identified potential of Tidal Energy is mainly in West Coast Gulf of Cambay, Gulf of Kutch and in East Coast the Ganges Delta in the Sunderbans in West Bengal. The total available potential of wave energy in India along the more than 6000 KM of India’s coast is estimated to be about 40,000 MW – these are preliminary estimates. This energy is however less intensive than what is available in more northern and southern latitudes.

Technology Although currently under-utilised, Ocean energy is mostly exploited by just a few technologies: Wave, Tidal and Ocean Thermal Energy.

Wave Energy Wave and Tidal are two different ways to extract energy from movement of water in the sea and oceans. Wave energy exists due to the movement of water near the surface of the sea. Waves are formed by winds blowing over the sea surface, and the water acts as a carrier for the energy. Whereas tidal power relies on the mass movement of the water body, waves act as a carrier for kinetic energy generated by the wind. The amount of energy in waves depends on their height and period (the

October 2016

time between successive peaks). The annual average power per unit length of wave crest (e.g. 20-40 kW/m) is the primary indicator of how energetic a particular site. Ocean wave energy is captured directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Wave power systems convert the motion of the waves into usable mechanical energy which in lump can be used to generate electricity. Wave energy is generated by the movement of a device either floating on the surface of the ocean or moored to the ocean floor. Wave conversion devices that float on the surface have joints hinged together that bend with the waves. This kinetic energy pumps fluid through turbines and creates electric power. Stationary wave energy conversion devices use pressure fluctuations produced in long tubes from the waves swelling up and down. This bobbing motion drives a turbine when critical pressure is reached. Other stationary platforms capture water from waves on their platforms. This water is allowed to runoff through narrow pipes that flow through a typical hydraulic turbine. The energy in a deep water wave of length λ and amplitude a is: E = ½ ρ g λ a2 per unit breadth of crest. For a random sea of significant height Hs and zero crossing period Tz , the energy is: E = ½ Hs 2Tz kW per meter of crest. The potential of wave energy would be much greater with an average power on the order of 100 KW per meter of wave front (100 MW per kilometer) available for extraction. This average value varies widely between winter and monsoon seasons, with the range from calm to stormy waves being on the order of 20 to around 200 KW per meter. In practice, generating of the order of 10 megawatts from a kilometer of wave front might be feasible. Assuming that 5 % of coastal wave front were intercepted, the total wave power practically available could not exceed the order of 3750 MW. This limitation might be overcome with floating offshore wave generators, which would in effect increase the length of intercepted wave front. The average wave potential along the Indian coast is around 5–10 kW/m. India has a coastline of approximately 7500 km. Even a 5 - 10% utilization would mean a resource of 3750– 7500MW.

Tidal Energy Tidal streams are caused by the rise and fall of the tides, which occur twice a day around the coast. As water flows in and out of estuaries, it carries energy. The extractable energy depends on the speed of the flowing stream and the area intercepted. This is similar to wind power extraction, but because water is much denser than air, an equivalent amount of power can be extracted over smaller areas and at slower velocities. The mean spring peak velocity is the primary indicator of how energetic a tidal stream site is. Tides are generated through a combination of forces exerted by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon and the rotation of the earth. The relative motion of the three bodies produces different tidal cycles which affect the range of the tides. In addition, the tidal range is

InFocus

increased substantially by local effects such as shelving, funneling, reflection and resonance. Energy can be extracted from tides by creating a reservoir or basin behind a barrage and then passing tidal waters through turbines in the barrage to generate electricity. Tidal energy is extremely site specific requires mean tidal differences greater than 4 meters and also favorable topographical conditions, such as estuaries or certain types of bays in order to bring down costs of dams etc. The tidal cycle occurs every 12 hours due to the gravitational force of the moon. The difference in water height from low tide and high tide is potential energy. Similar to traditional hydropower generated from dams, tidal water can be captured in a barrage across an estuary during high tide and forced through a hydroturbine during low tide. To capture sufficient power from the tidal energy potential, the height of high tide must be at least five meters greater than low tide. There are only approximately 20 locations on earth with tides this high and India is one of them. The Gulf of Cambay and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat on the west coast have the maximum tidal range of 11m and 8m with average tidal range of 6.77m and 5.23m respectively. The Tidal energy estimated potential in India is 8200 MW and the potential sites are Gulf of Kutch (estimated potential of 1200 MW), Gulf of Cambay (7000 MW) and the Durgaduani Creek in the Sundarbans Delta (100 MW). The first Indian plant of 3.65MW capacity is being installed in the Durgaduani creek in Sunderbans (tidal range 3 m). Most recently, India joined the tidal power wave with the approval of a commercial-scale tidal power plant in the Gulf of Kutch. The 50 MW plant will be developed by the London-based company Atlantis Resources Corporation in partnership with Gujarat Power Corporation, and construction start this recently. The plant will be the first of its kind in Asia. The most promising and predictable form of marine renewable energy is the tidal power. It is non-polluting, reliable and predictable. Even with its potential for predictable and sustainable electricity generation with low visual impact, tidal power still accounts for only a fraction of a percent of the world’s total electricity generation. However the trend is gradually improving, with numerous tidal power plants being constructed or planned along coastlines around the world. Internationally, there is an established trend of tidal barrages being very successful. However, stream turbines have not achieved similar level of success due to their complexity.

Ocean Thermal Energy The main objective of ocean thermal energy or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is to turn the solar energy trapped by the ocean into useable energy. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion systems use the ocean’s natural thermal gradient the fact that the ocean’s layers of water have different temperatures to drive a powerproducing cycle. As long as the temperature between the warm surface water and the cold deep water differs by about 20°C (36°F), an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion system can produce a significant amount of power. It has a potential installed capacity of 180,000 MW in India.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion extracts solar energy through a heat engine operating across the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep water. In the tropics, surface waters are above 800F, but at ocean depths of about 1,000 meters, water temperatures are just above freezing everywhere in the ocean. This provides a 45 to 50oF temperature differential that can be used to extract energy from the surface waters. The most optimistic expectations for OTEC predict a cost on the order of ten times greater than for conventional fossil sources. If OTEC can ever be made cost effective, India is ideally situated to use it, with its large length of coastline adjacent to the deep off-shore water of the Indian ocean. The India OTEC program started in 1980 to install a 20 MW plant off the Tami Nadu coast and in 1982, an OTEC cell was formed in National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT). A preliminary design was also completed in 1984 for a 1 MW closed Rankine cycle floating plant with ammonia as working fluid. In 1997, Government of India proposed to establish a 1 MW gross OTEC plant. To develop this project, India researchers have been exploring the participation of international expertise for a joint research and development. Based on the temperature and bathymetric profiles, the optimization of the closed loop system was done with the help of Saga University in 1998.

Barriers and Chalanges Barriers of wave energy hh

Depends on the waves – variable energy supply

Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong

Some designs are noisy

Must be able to withstand very rough weather

Visual impact if above water or on shore

May interfere with mooring and anchorage lines with commercial and sport-fishing

Higher cost of electricity per unit.

May degrade scenic ocean front views from wave energy devices located near or on the shore, and from onshore overhead electric transmission lines.

Tidal Energy Barriers hh

Cost and environmental problems, particularly barrage systems are less attractive than some other forms of renewable energy.

Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out. Power is often generated when there is little demand for electricity

Limited construction locations

Barrages may block outlets to open water. Although locks can be installed, this is often a slow and expensive process.

October 2016

InFocus

Barrages affect fish migration and other wildlifemany fish like salmon swim up to the barrages and are killed by the spinning turbines.

Barrages may also destroy the habitat of the wildlife living near it.

Tidal plants are expensive to build. The energy generated is costly.

They can only be built on ocean coastlines, which mean that for communities which are far away from the sea, it’s useless.

Ocean Thermal Energy Barriers hh

OTEC-produced electricity at present would cost more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at their current costs.

OTEC plants must be located where a difference of about 40 degrees Fahrenheit occurs year round.

Ocean depths must be available fairly close to shore-based facilities for economic operation.

Construction of OTEC plants and laying pipes in coastal waters may cause localized damage to reefs and near-shore marine ecosystems.

The construction cost is higher.

Conclusion Ocean energy represents a significant opportunity to address the growing need for energy and the problems associated with traditional fossil fuels. There is significant room for innovation and for more routine engineering development in energy harvesting and conversion devices and in the entire infrastructure required to support the construction, installation, maintenance and decommissioning of these systems. The excitement about alternative energy suggests that ocean energy oriented projects might be a similar opportunity, though perhaps on a smaller scale. The technology may take time to mature but ocean energy is an option worth pursuing. In the Indian context, regulators must promote the development of tidal and wave energy through appropriate feed-in-tariff mechanisms and capital support (soft loan or grants). ▪ Ashok Upadhyay BE (Electrical), M Tech. (Ind. Engg.) M. Phil (Ren. Energy) PHD Scholar, MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.) Dy. Director (Generation) M.P. Electricity Regulatory Commission Bhopal (M.P.)

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

October 2016

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 “Bank of India”, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

Interview

Trained manpower coupled with support from partner states are key strengths of BBMB: Mr SK Sharma Mr SK Sharma, Chairman, Bhakra Beas Management Board speaks to IEEMA Journal on its aim to be a trend Setter in Power Sector and to exploit new hydro power potential and to optimally utilize existing infrastructure and resources. Please share the contribution of BBMB in Power & Irrigation sector.

Shared responsibilities, Shared rights and risks, Shared costs and Sustainable benefits. The SHARE concept also gives guidance through being an acronym BBMB operates reservoirs, water for: Sustainability approach for all users, conductor system, dams and six Higher efficiency & equity among sectors, hydropower projects with 2918.73 MW of Adaptability for all solutions, River basin installed capacity. BBMB power houses perspectives for all, and Engaging all generate 10,000-14,000MUs of low cost stakeholders, which correspond to the green hydroelectricity every year. We above five value propositions. Using are supplying energy to the partner states the SHARE concept for multipurpose at a net cost of about 32 paise per unit water uses of hydropower reservoirs which is the lowest electricity cost in the both as an overarching principle and as country. We also manage the associated a reminder of the five value propositions transmission system comprising more can help in making these reservoirs than 3700 Ckt. Km of transmission lines more sustainable and equitable. As & 24 sub stations of upto 400Kv level on each project is always site specific in its own. Moreover, 55,000 Sq Km area Mr S K Sharma terms of technical, economical, social, of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan i.e. environmental and other regulation 8% irrigable area of India is being irrigated by BBMB issues, this SHARE concept provides basic principles reservoirs. Highly motivated and trained manpower that should be adapted to local conditions. coupled with prompt & reliable support from partner states are the key strengths of BBMB. Please share the details of the upcoming

Please share the BBMBâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contribution to National Water Mission. Our country has only 1% of global water supply to cater for a disproportionate 18% of the global population. Moreover our country is able to use only 30% of the available water against 70% effective usage in the developed countries. Thus in reality per capita water availability is much less in India. The main goals of the National Water Mission are to ensure the compilation of a comprehensive water database and conservation of basin level integrated water resources. With its well-synchronised operation of reservoirs and water conductor system, BBMB ensures maximum utilisation of water for drinking, Irrigation, power generation, fishing, etc. Last year BBMB releases 27.478 MAF water to Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi and J&K i.e. 6.5% of total usable potential available in Indian rivers. Further BBMB has entered into data sharing MOUs with Indian Meteorological Department and other such agencies including upstream hydro power project developers and is also implementing World Bank funded Hydrology Project to promote basin level integrated water resource management and real time support system for efficient reservoir operations.

What are the principles of operation of multipurpose Hydro Power Reservoirs? Operation of such multipurpose hydropower reservoirs to achieve sustainable water management should rely on sharing principles: Shared vision, Shared resource,

multipurpose projects by BBMB?

BBMB, is, in fact, the progeny of the Satluj- Ravi-Beas master development plan conceived during preindependence era and of the Act of Parliament i.e. Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. It has primarily been envisaged as the agency for administration, operation and maintenance of Bhakra and Beas Project, as a part of the scheme to utilise the three rivers whose exclusive use was awarded to India as per Indus Water Treaty, 1960. The major function of BBMB to regulate the supply of these water for the drinking and irrigation needs of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Chandigarh and Delhi.

Please share the initiatives being undertaken by you during your tenure as Chairman BBMB? BMB has taken a big leap towards automation of its grid substations. As a first step, 220kV Substation, Barnala (Punjab) is being automated for which NIT stands floated. To make humble contribution to the ambitious efforts of GOI in respect of roof top solar power generation, BBMB has taken first step in installing roof top solar PV Project at its office buildings at Chandigarh. MOU is being signed with CREST i.e. the state nodal agency for U.T. Chandigarh. Further we have carried out low level inspection of Pong Dam that was due during the year 2013. All maintenance activities of penstock tunnel P1, P-2 & P-3 has been departmentally carried out successfully. â&#x2013;Ş

October 2016

Interview

40% of our order book for power and infrastructure projects is based on international orders :

Mr Aditya Khanna

Mr. Aditya Khanna, Managing Director, C&S Electric Limited speaks to IEEMA Journal about their core strategic priorities despite uncertain and challenging domestic market environment.

Please share an overview of your upcoming projects by your organization. C&S Electric is Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading electrical equipment manufacturer for power generation, distribution, control, protection & final consumption. C&S solutions are the preferred choice of utility companies in India and widely used by large global EPC customers worldwide. C&S Electric switchgear and busbar solutions are used in over 90% of all NTPC power plants in India and we are also executing several projects with private customers like Adani, Reliance Energy, L&T, Alstom, BHEL, ABB etc. In addition we are working on power projects, oil and gas projects and infrastructure projects in countries ranging from USA, Mexico, France, Africa, United Kingdom, UAE, Australia, Korea etc. to name a few.

What are the priority areas to focus on right now?

business and we have expanded our retail network across India to over 10,000 retailers with 23 marketing offices and 8 strategically located warehouses. This is working well along with our branding strategies in TV media channels and other media vehicles. On the B2B side, the company continues to strengthen its leadership position in Power Busbar & LV Switchgear businesses, with a healthy order book of projects in India and abroad. Within the LV switchgear products business, we are the market leaders in the OEM business segment and this remains a focus area, as we work closely with our customers to add value to their product solutions. In the MV switchgear business, in a short period of 5 years, we have become amongst the top 3 suppliers for urban and rural distribution applications. In addition our export business has continued to widen its foot print - as of today we are exporting our products to over 80 countries and almost all products manufactured by us are being exported. The international revenues of C&S contribute over 28% of our total revenues

We launched our MCB product range 4 years ago, and this has grown rapidly with an annual growth rate of over 35% In addition our export business has successively. With this product continued to widen its foot print range, for the first time our as of today we are exporting our products are now catering to products to over 80 countries and the end consumer segment. almost all products manufactured We have further enhanced by us are being exported. The this product basket with the addition of LED lighting and international revenues of C&S domestic switches. This contribute over 28% of our total combined product range has revenues helped us grow our retail

Our subsidiaries in China & Europe continue remain focus areas to expand our reach in those regions.

What are the projects in pipeline? As mentioned earlier, C&S is working on many upcoming projects in domestic and international markets. We are

October 2016

Interview

working with many international EPC players on upcoming projects around the world, and in fact today around 40% of our order book for power and infrastructure projects is based on international orders.

In the future, we see ourselves establishing our brand as a major player in the retail and end customer segment for electrical products. In the B2B segment and OEM segment we will enhance our leadership position in the domestic market by being faster and more responsive to the needs of the customer. Accordingly we will continue to invest in product development and customer service to ensure we are the preferred choice for our customers.

C&S is also working with the Indian Government under EESL scheme for agriculture applications and LED street light applications. We are also supplying our switchgear and LV busbar products to all major IT and real estate customers across India. Delhi Metro remains one of our repeat customers and this has resulted in our acceptance in most of the other metro related jobs across other Indian cities.

On the export front, new highlights include close working with wind tower manufacturers in North America and crane manufacturers in China for supply of electrical solutions for those applications. In addition we are working to harness the solar energy by installing Solar PV Power rooftop plants on the roofs of government institutes and private buildings. We are currently in the process of executing a roof top solar power plant at NTPC Vindhyachal, which will be India’s highest roof top installation at over 37m height. We were also recently awarded by CREST as the highest energy generation installations amongst all rooftop installations in Chandigarh.

Share your expansion plans for near future? One of our key areas of expansion has been in End Customer segment. We are growing our reach and market share in this segment and investing accordingly. In a short period of time, C&S products are available in more than 10,000 retail counters across India. We certainly see this as a growth segment which will help build our brand across a wider end consumer audience. On product front, there are many new innovative products in the pipeline; Cast resin Insulated busbar system – known as Betobar- is one of such product which we have launched recently in India. Betobar is a weather proof solution for efficient and safe distribution of electricity. We provide both LV and MV solutions for this range of products which is ideal for Oil and Gas segment, corrosive or outdoor applications. C&S has recently launched a range of lighting busbars – which is an ideal application for neat and safe wiring in false ceilings, server room applications, hyper markets and malls. The product ensures ease of installation, safety and consistency of performance.

October 2016

We have also added a new range of DC circuit breakers including MCCBs, Isolators and MCBs in our existing range of world class circuit breakers. We have launched a wide range of LED products covering wide range of applications from indoor to outdoor products for industrial, street lighting, and commercial applications.

C&S Electric has world class in-house R&D labs and testing facilities for all products manufactured by us. These facilities are recognised by Indian Government authorities and International certification agencies like UL. C&S has highest power rating in house testing facilities for Power Busbar and LV switchgear products. We have added a UL approved testing lab at our Noida plant for testing of Control gear products.

Where do you see your company in the next five years? The company grew last year by 15% in revenues and over 20% in term of profitability. C&S has a healthy order book with a healthy balance sheet and low debt equity ratio. This allows us to continue to invest in our core strategic priorities despite uncertain and challenging domestic market environment. In the future, we see ourselves establishing our brand as a major player in the retail and end customer segment for electrical products. In the B2B segment and OEM segment we will enhance our leadership position in the domestic market by being faster and more responsive to the needs of the customer. Accordingly we will continue to invest in product development and customer service to ensure we are the preferred choice for our customers. Additionally, given that infrastructure projects in India have slowed down, we are confident of building a strong portfolio of customers and projects outside of India, and establishing our brand amongst the leading global EPC customers. As the domestic markets picks up, we may look at further strategic acquisitions that compliment either our product portfolio or enhance our geographical reach in India or abroad. Lastly, depending on the capital needs of the company, we may consider raising capital through an IPO and just like our product solutions add value to our customers, we would aspire to build a stock that that adds value to the shareholder community. ▪

SMETalks

adodara based Elmex is a pioneer in the field of electrical wire termination technology in India. The Elmex journey began in year 1963 as a manufacturer of Terminal Blocks (Din Rail Mounted Connectors) for the switchgear industry. Steered by the vision of the founderchairman Mr. J. D. Ray, the company is regarded amongst India’s leading manufacturers of terminal blocks. The biggest challenge was to manufacture the molds for manufacturing Terminals blocks and it is remarkable that Mr. Patil who has served at Elmex since the age of 18 and continues till today, is the graduate of first batch of CIPET and was trained by experts from ILO at Chennai. This gave Elmex the foundation for its culture of developing indigenous technology through nurturing of critical talent in house. From manufacturing a few hundreds a day to lakhs of connectors per day Elmex has grown in terms of product offering and technology deployment. The current product offering covers terminal blocks with various technologies such as screw clamp , spring clamp, stud and nut type, spring loaded and special application terminal blocks with construction material like Polyamide 66 and Melamine for insulation housing, Copper or Copper alloy for current carrying parts and mild steel or stainless steel for terminal screws and clamps . These terminal blocks are used for wide range of applications such as switchgear, telecom, oil and gas, solar, etc. In addition to above products, Solar PV application products are also produced for the renewable energy sector. The steady and systematic growth over the years can be attributed to the efforts for incremental innovation, unfaltering customer service, steadily increasing manufacturing productivity and a host of global approvals

Success story

for a wide range of products. The technical and economic competitiveness, coupled with extensive record of utmost quality and timely delivery has lead ABB, Alstom, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Honeywell, GE, L&T, BHEL, NTPC and many prestigious organizations to choose Elmex as a global outsourcing partner. In order to diversify into a bigger product category and cater to a wider market, Elmex Electric Pvt. Ltd. (formerly Econix Hi-Tech Components Pvt. Ltd.) emerged from Elmex in 1993 and introduced, for the first time in India, the concept of DIN-rail mounted Interface Modules for Control and Instrumentation industry. Over a period of time, the company has adopted technologies prevailing then and now have highly sophisticated state of the art plant and machinery that include multislide metal forming , precision injection moulding and have applied automation in assembly and quality assurance. The company has taken manufacturing process levels to Sigma scale. The intention of implementing Six Sigma is to shift focus from ‘quality by inspection’ to ‘quality by process control’. Continuous innovation and update in technology are the key strengths of Elmex, and the company has always invested in new-age equipments. Over the years, the company has continuously updated its infrastructure. As a result of it, currently Elmex has state-of-the-art machinery for tooling and manufacturing such as CNC Wire Cut machines, CNC EDM Drill, Micro Processor based Automatic Injection Moulding Machines with Auto-loaders, Ultrasonic Welding and Wave-Soldering Machines, Computerized Multi-forming Machine, PitchControl Auto-Tapping and Internal Thread Rolling Machine etc.

October 2016

SMETalks

Success story

In addition to latest technology, the company also invests in upgrading the testing processes. The testing facility comprises salt-spray testing, short time current testing, electrical and mechanical endurance testing, in addition to testing as per IEC, UL, and CSA guidelines. The manufacturing operations are supported by fully computerized Design and Development for product and tools, in-house testing laboratory for conducting most of the tests as per international specifications, with an ISO 9001:2008 certified Quality Management System (QMS). The Environment Management System is ISO 14001 certified. Elmex has also membership in BIS at national level and IEC at international forum. It continues to design and manufacture products that optimise electrical energy usage and transmission, thus indirectly helping our customers in cutting down their carbon footprint. The QMS is subjected to periodic inspection and audits by various international certification bodies like UL India, UL International Demko A/S and DNV. Due to this, the company is able to manufacture and deliver Quality Goods which build up and sustain unfailing Customer Satisfaction and Confidence and ensure the same by high level of commitment to Quality with an objective to provide Customers with value added products through continuous improvements in products and processes and to achieve Total Quality Management with total employee involvement. The company has more than 100 dealers in India and exporting to more than 35 countries. The company always believes in giving back to the society and as a part of its social endeavour, the Elmex Eye Bank was established in 1996 at Kashiben Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hospital in Vadodara. The eye bank, affiliated to the Eye Bank Association of India, functions jointly with Shri Bhaichand M. Mehta Corneal Transplant Centre to restore eyesight for people suffering from corneal blindness. The Elmex Eye Bank has spearheaded the eye donation movement in Vadodara in order to motivate more people to donate their eyes after death. Additionally, Elmex has also instituted a special Elmex Gold Medal to recognise and encourage exemplary performance at graduation level of Electrical Engineering in Faculty of Technology & Engineering, M.S.University of Baroda. The company has indebted to nature as much as to the society and does its best to sustain it for future generations. The company has a rainwater harvesting plant at its corporate office in Vadodara. With that it harvests about 24 lakh litres of rain water every year. It has also established a solar plant on the roof top of the company with an installed capacity of 53 kW of electricity. The company is very active in promoting social cause and healthy lifestyle and with that cause, it has been actively supporting Vadodara International Marathon, which is an annual event of Vadodara. â&#x2013;Ş

October 2016

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Insight

Renewable energy

o meet the current demands of man power, time bound targets, faster communication, process accuracy requirements, advancement in automation is a need of the hour. Hence the whole world is focusing in this direction through technological advancement especially in the area of energy generation, conservation and efficient transmission. Implementation of effective energy management systems calls for the support of energy meters. These can provide comprehensive information about quality of energy, distribution, actual usage, money spent. Presentation of this data is in the form of LED/LCD displays or through reports, graphs or charts. To facilitate detailed analysis on data provided by these meters, technological developments are in progress in these lines. History of these developments starting from electromechanical to smart meters reveals that we need to focus much on smart meter technologies with wireless protocols namely Wi-Fi, Zigbee etc for effective energy management. Metering industries, focusing the need of the society in this area, have been in the energy meter market since many years providing energy management solutions through various models like, Three phase multifunction meters, KWH meter, Dual source energy meters, maximum demand controllers etc. These meters provide RS485 modbus protocol to access data through computer systems and generate related reports and graphs. To ease out further maintenance of these networks, Models are coming up with Wi-Fi feature with these meters.

There are areas wherein energy is imported and exported instead of using two independent meters for measuring, single meter can be used to record both the energies in independent registers. Same is the case with measurement of mains and generator

energy. Good quality voltage/current transformers or hall effect sensors in current measurements may give better accuracies in measurements. hh

case of solar systems, person may harness solar energy for his own use & excess may be supplied to the grid. In such cases also, energy received from electricity board and amount of solar energy pumped into the grid may have to be monitored with single energy meter solutions. Such applications may increase in the near future.

Built-in real time clock is also one of the features required in some energy management application, where energy logging for certain period may be for one or two months, take place within the meter itself with time stamp. This data can be downloaded subsequently for further analysis.

Energy meter with 3 phases 4 wire or 3 phase 3 wire configuration are available. Some models have both the features in one. Feature is programmable in the unit. Similarly, three CT measurements or two CT measurement methods are also available.

Pulse outputs for external interfaces that is to feed this information to PLCs, are also available to meet application requirements. Pulse output periods and unit of energy for one pulse is also programmable.

Pulse constant is one of the features available for energy measurements. Type of energy namely active or reactive or apparent is field selectable in some of the models. Pulse constant with optical output is also one of the requirements in field applications.

There are accuracy requirements of class 1.0, class 0.5, class 0.2, depending on application accuracy criticalities.

October 2016

Insight

Renewable energy

Apart from energy meters, its offshoots VAF meters, power factor correctors, maximum demand controller find use in the family,

To output the energy measurement, some models carry a feature of RF/Infrared/GPRS built in them.

Associating networking facility with group of meters, converters related to it namely, RS 485 to RS 232, RS 485 to USB, RS 485 to Ethernet are also in use.

Similarly, few network protocols of international standards, modbus RTU, modbus ASCII, modbus TCP/IP, Profibus, in some cases user defined protocols are used in communication of data.

Few models contain feature for protection of electrical systems say phase failure, phase reverse, under/over voltage or current detection and control with energy measurement.

Some may contain earth leakage detection and control as supporting feature.

As the energy meter market is booming, metering industries may have to have close look at following aspects for future. This is to cope up with future national and international competitions. hh

Compact in size

User friendly programming

Competitive prices

Multiple features & Wide operating ranges to reduce inventory costs

Approvals and certificates from authorized agencies

Built-in remote monitoring systems

Online sales and marketing strategies

To meet On time delivery demands, industries may have to be self reliant on most of their raw materials and process requirements.

Visualizing meter industry future aspects, there are few challenges on the path to win the race in national and international market. Balancing cost verses technology is the biggest concern. Compact meters call for miniature size components in turn call for investment on high end SMD Pick & Place machines and other resources in manufacturing lines. To implement fast and reliable testing methods investments on automation & high end test equipments also a necessity to reduce cost of external test agencies.

Safety requirements may have to be strengthened since energy meters find scope in remote & open areas as its application increases.

User may have to look in self consumption of the meter, so that with minimum power consumption, monitoring & measurement takes place.

Since touch screen is popularizing, may be these displays may find demand in energy meters also.

October 2016

Energy meters unlike measuring energy information, they may have to measure machine load hours, number of units consumed and display of amount to be paid by the user of electricity.

May be in future they may get converted to small independent systems where in they keep individual energy consumption record and related costing and bill payment facility through cards and issuing the bills in the forms of print outs or SMS or emails.

Such energy monitoring & measurement systems may call for some feature of SMS to end user mobile phones, to constantly update increasing energy consumption. Some parts of control may also call for load cut off, after it crosses certain set energy consumption limits.

They may have to have reminder facility to individual mobile phones to make in-time bill payments.

Built-in intelligence may be needed to calculate the overall costs in case of penalties and delay in payments.

They may on the long run reduce man power costs and maintain system effectively and accurately.

As the energy meters move towards more of remote monitoring and control, human interference in energy management system reduces gradually. Even though it has added a value in the whole system, other side we may encounter problems of tampering the energy values or other connected parameters. Hence, a thought need to be applied in this direction to adopt holistic tamper proof techniques and additional safety requirements.

Since the usage in rural and remote areas may increase, warranty period for the meters may have to be increased. If we foresee solar energy usage, more and more in the near future, related DC or AC meters may have to have a life nearly equal to solar panels, may be to the extent of 15 to 20 years. Again we need to relook at the technology used in the device and material grades. Especially, focus may be required to avoid electrolytic capacitors which cannot sustain longer life spans. Similarly, quality of plating, soldering, conformal coatings, may have to be reviewed.

2014 there was a big concern about power shortage in the country. Obvious expression of power can be seen in harnessing solar energy in bridging gap between demand and availability. Many young entrepreneurs jumped at the idea of solar power in bridging the gap between demand and availability. Obvious solution lies in handling this power from light energy to electric energy by way of electronic instrumentation. The main instruments which tried in the market today are MPPT solar chargers which access maximum energy generated by the solar cells and transfer to battery or grid depending on the application requirements. In line with these developments, industries have come out

Insight

with DC Energy meters of multiple varieties to measure solar power. As per the United Nations, India has to clean off its environment basically the pollution is with coal being used in manufacturing electrical energy. When solar energy is used, this will drastically reduce the coal consumption. India faces competition from advanced countries and therefore it has to develop a base for strong standards as part of ‘Make In India’. As the energy demand is increasing, we need to look for cost effective solutions for energy generation and also should have concern on pollution free environment. In this direction, sun light can be the unlimited source of energy & solution for clean India. Even though abundant source of solar energy is available, we are not able to utilize it to fullest extent for generation of electricity. Reasons may be following: 1)

Conversion costs are on higher side

Awareness at user level are less,

But technological advancement in these lines are slowly reducing solar energy conversion costs and more and more utilization can be found in rural and urban areas in various applications. Country is also encouraging these moves. Demand for solar energy usage will go up as we are finding scarcity in existing energy resources. Parallaly industry has to move in the direction of coming out with energy management solutions may be DC or AC meters which can support these demands. In this direction, government should give priority to the companies who have won “Make In India” awards. Foreseen future energy demands and its related energy metering requirements, government focus can be in following areas. hh

There can be government established test laboratories wherein critical tests can be conducted at affordable costs to meet quality standard of international Makes. Government can encourage industries in buying research and development, manufacturing, testing equipments through financial aids.

Renewable energy

Relooking at commercial aspects, country can see to it that Indian makes are available at much lower prices with better quality than imported ones.

can encourage and support those groups engaged in harnessing solar energy and its related metering instruments, to meet future challenges and demands.

Government can make a policy for every family above certain income group to harness solar energy to fulfill some percentage of power requirements. Attractive government plans and strategies may help people to take initiatives in this direction.

Government may have to devise certain plans for urban and rural areas for effective energy utilization in metering requirements.

Entire subject can be summarized as below: hh

History reveals that, there is a constant technological updates in the area of energy meters.

Visualizing the current and future energy demand, steps to be taken in the direction of introducing more and more smart meters.

We need to be prepared to address the issues and challenges during the developments.

High level competition may be a big challenge to cross through.

Data security may going to be a issue of concern.

Inclined government focus & related plans in these directions are encouraging.

Cascading effects are, components used in the technology may need to be upgraded.

Since solar being renewable energy, demand for solar energy meters may increase.

Entire analysis on the subject should allow future time to pass through smoothly.

Wireless communication may requirement in the long run.

default

Conclusion Considering current and future aspects, energy metering carry a definite value in all sectors of society. Since we find electric energy usage in maximum applications and going to be more and more. Foreseeing this scenario, we need to work out solid plans in technological updates, costs, safety, performance requirements. Move in this direction can be faster with government focus in these areas and user enthusiasm in adapting the changes. Energy meter being evergreen market, should carry a good business value. India being with rich natural resources, should be succeeding in this technology and be the leader. ▪ Madhav Kamat Managing Director Electronic Automation Pvt. Ltd.

October 2016

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here is a growing urgent demand to install renewable clean energy sources all over the world /country in response for need to minimize carbon emission and minimize Global warming. Currently the spotlight is on rapid deployment of solar photovoltaic sources to convert sun’s energy into electrical energy. Solar cell and Solar panel manufacturing processes are already wellestablished practices. However, world is still exploring ways improve efficiency of solar photovoltaic energy conversion from current low levels of 12 to 15% to much higher. In this paper, novel analytical techniques have been explored as a first step to use extremely simple, easily available tools like excel sheet, supported by LT Spice simulation model. Variations in irradiation, partial shading, shadowing, and temperature effects have been modeled. The inferences from such an analysis are the basis for making novel recommendations to the industry to find ways to maximize power output. Novel suggestions have been made here in panel assembly and testing procedure. Novel directions for research on new solar cells have been suggested. There is also plenty of scope for developing a novel charge pumps with MPPT features. There are plenty of novel areas for research yet to be explored convert Sun’s (photon) energy into (voltaic) electrical energy.

Introduction Solar Panels are widely used to convert Sun’s energy received on earth to convert it into electrical energy. Many different mathematical models for a solar cell have been proposed in the literature. Here one such basic mathematical model has been selected. The solar cells manufactured on the shop floor are never identical in their performance. Like any manufactured product, the various parameters also fall in a bell shaped curve of distribution on any measured parameter. By assembling randomly

picked up cells on as is available basis, the power output of a panel may be different from assembling cells, which have been grouped, into narrow band of distribution. This can also be demonstrated by the mathematical model in a simple excel sheet. Objective of using excel sheet as the first step is to scientifically analyze ways of maximizing power to from a solar panel photovoltaic. By this approach, one can gain better insight into the relation between changes in output of specific parameters for a change in a specific input parameter. Despite knowing the limitation of Excel sheet for its inability to simulate electrical schematics, its use in this specific case provides certain in-sights that may not be available from even simulation software. Any simulation model like MATLAB Simulink or LT Spice can be used to validate the findings from the excel sheet. After such an analysis, these can be easily implemented in industry.

Model of a Solar Cell An ordinary diode with a semiconducting junction has a mathematical expression as given in equation 1. (1) Where I is the diode current, Io is the Leakage current or also known as dark current, q is electron charge 1.60217*(10-19) coulombs, n is ideality or quality factor, K= Boltzmann’s constant 1.38054*(10-23) Joules / Kelvin, T is temperature in Degrees Kelvin. The ideality factor for Silicon diode is 1 and for GaN diode, it is 2. Thus whatever findings, recommendations have been made here in this paper can be easily ex tended to solar cells made from Silicon or GaN or any other materials or its variations.

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Characteristic of a normal diode and a photovoltaic diode are shown in Fig 1. The mathematical expression for a photodiode is as in equation 2. (2) Where I is the photodiode current, ISC is short circuit current, VT is threshold voltage which is 0.6 volts for silicon and 3.2 volts for GaN soalr cells, q is electron charge 1.60217*(10-19) coulombs, n is ideality or quality factor, K= Boltzmann’s constant 1.38054*(10-23) Joules / Kelvin, T is temperature in Degrees Kelvin.

cells operate at one temperature. However provision is given in, excel sheet to operate different cells at different temperatures also. The table 1 gives various parameters which can be set as basic specification. Just by changing these 3 values, the entire excel sheet gets updated. Note 6σ spread is arbitrarily assumed to be 0.05 units. By changing this figure one could obtain get different outputs as given in Table 2. It may be interesting to note that as the 6σ band widens, the MPPT of the panel reduces as well as the short circuit current ISC. TABLE 1 MASTER SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

MASTER SC SPREAD

0.05

MASTER VOC

0.7 TABLE 2

SOLAR PANEL OF 36 6σ Isc 6σ Isc 6σ Isc 6σ Isc CELLS = 0.0 = 0.05 = 0.1 = 0.5

Further, irradiance level can be superposed on the photodiode expression and the new equation is (3)

(3) Where Rrad is actual radiation in kilowatt/sqm and Rref is kilowatt/sqm.

PANEL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT 2

1.906

MPPT POWER PANEL

40.32

OPEN VOLTAGE

CIRCUIT

FILL FACTOR PANEL

42.32

25.2

0.84

1.811

1.506

38.33

31.87

25.2

0.84

Next the same is recomputed for different irradiance levels on the entire panel with 6σ = 0.05 and results are in Table 3. TABLE 3 SOLAR PANEL OF 36 Irradiance Irradiance Irradiance Irradiance CELLS 100% 75% 50% 25%

In excel sheet there is a Random number generator, which can be used to generate a random number between zero and one. This feature is used to generate solar cell characteristics for 36 different cells.

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

1.908

1.432

0.951

0.476

MPPT POWER OF PANEL

40.36

30.29

20.13

10.08

OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE

25.2

FILL FACTOR

0.84

Solar Panel Characteristics The panel output voltage is the sum of cell voltages as they are connected in series as per current industry practice. The panel current is assumed to be the least of the 36 cells in series. Interestingly one can create different scenarios where (a) all the cells can be assumed to receive same radiance level or (b) different cells receive different radiance to emulate shading / shadowing phenomena. Here it is assumed that all

October 2016

FIG 3 Shows computed Panel characteristics for 100% irradiance and 6σ = 0.05

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FIG 4 Shows computed Panel power characteristics for 100% irradiance and 6σ = 0.05

Shading effect can be studied by reducing irradiance on say one cell only in Table 4 and other cells are assumed to receive 100% irradiance. TABLE 4 Irradiance Irradiance Irradiance Irradiance SOLAR PANEL OF 100% on 20% on 10% on 5% on 36 CELLS all cells one cell one cell one cell PANEL SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

1.908

0.394

0.191

0.096

MPPT POWER OF PANEL

40.36

8.347

4.049

2.03

OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE

25.2

FILL FACTOR OF THE PANEL

0.84

Effect of different operating junction temperature of all cells at 100% irradiance and 6σ = 0.05 is given in table 5. This shows that the change in operating temperature has little effect on the panel output. TABLE 5 SOLAR PANEL OF Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature 36 CELLS 25°C 35°C 45°C 55°C SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT 1.902 1.903 1.904 1.9 MPPT POWER OF PANEL 40.24 40.17 40.05 39.85 OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 FILL FACTOR 0.84 0.837 0.835 0.832 It may be noted that due to use of random number for generating cell characteristics, the same excel sheet may give slightly different values at different times, but it certainly shows a trend.

needs to shut down simulation and add a new CRO deice every time. It is promoted by Linear Technology Ltd which is a reputed manufacturer of special ICs and mathematical model of most their ICs are available in LT Spice. This has been used model a solar cell and using a feature called WHITE(x) in LT Spice 36 cells have been connected in series to make a model for a solar panel. The feature of WHITE(x) is to develop a random number between -0.5 through 0 to +0.5 smoothly. This feature is extremely useful in developing the cells with different short circuit current ISC with a specific spread similar to picking grouped cells by binning during production. Equation (4) is used to determine ISC of such a cell. (4) Where ό (a dimensionless quantity), is the spread in the short circuit current of different cells connected in the panel. The schematic representation of a single solar cell is given in Figure 5. One can keep refining the model by introducing random spread for each of the components Rseries and Rparallel.

Reality Vs Simulation It is important to mention the role of diode in the schematic model in Fig 5. In a simulation exercise in LT Spice it was noticed that in the absence of a diode currents used to be as high a 50amps or more many times and voltages used to be in kilovolts when the cells are connected in series. Solar cell is a current source when exposed to a light source. Its characteristic is given by equation (3). In reality one never obtains tens or hundreds of amperes or kilovolts due to shading or random distribution of short circuit current. When a diode is inserted into the simulation model, the voltage is limited across a solar cell to within the diode voltage drop of about 0.6 volts. In LT Spice 2 diodes had to be connected in series to limit voltage to about 0.6 v and yet it is necessary to ensure that its presence does not interfere with normal behavior as a current source in forward direction. This is a necessity as far as simulation is concerned, may not be in reality. This aspect must be understood by many research scholars using models published elsewhere earlier.

It is apparent that it is meaningless to connect solar cells in series as they are all current.

Simulation with LT Spice LT Spice is reputed, proven circuit simulation software. It is far easier to use, simpler to understand than MATLAB Simulink. It is easier to monitor voltage and current just by using voltage or current probes. In MATLAB, one

Figure 5 Schematic of (A) a single solar cell, (B) Cells in series in a panel, (C) Cells in parallel in a panel.

The relation between current and output voltage in LT Spice is given by equation (3). For convenience only a fifteen solar cells are connected in this LT Spice simulation and results are shown in various figures here.

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Figure 6. Fifteen Number of solar cells connected in series on a solar panel. Note entire panel is assumed to be illuminated at different radiance levels.

Figure 9. Fifteen Number of solar cells connected in series on a solar panel. Note entire panel is assumed to be illuminated at full radiance levels. The junction temperature of the cell is assumed to be at 25°C. Impact of spread of ISC on MPPT is shown here.

Fig 9 shows lower will be the MPPT if there is a larger spread in ISC of the cells connected in series. Hence binning / grouping of cells at production stage, before making panels is absolutely essential.

Figure 7. Fifteen Number of solar cells connected in series on a solar panel. Note entire panel is assumed to be illuminated at full radiance levels. The junction temperature of the cell is assumed to be at different values 25, 35, 55,75 95°C. Notice very little variation in MPPT.

Note from Fig 7 that there is little variation in MPPT point when junction temperature varies from 25°C to 95 °C. Given this information from simulation in excel and LT Spice, researchers must spend less time looking for expensive investments to cool the panel to improve the efficiency of solar panels. It is hoped that researchers will find this kind of simulation studies from simple tools useful to pursue further work with greater focus.

Parallel Connected Cells are Preferable Over Series Connected Cells in a Panel Having seen difficulties of series connected solar cells within a panel, it is time to question this age old approach. Due to shading on any one cell, entire panel output current is seriously affected. Note output voltage does not fall so seriously due to shading. Now same 15 cells are assumed to be connected in a panel in parallel and not in series as before.

Fig 10 Fifteen cells are connected in parallel on a solar panel. Temp is 25°C. At different levels of radiance.

Figure 8. Fifteen Number of solar cells connected in series on a solar panel. Note a single cell is assumed to be shaded at different illumination levels while the rest of the panel is under at full radiance levels. The junction temperature of the cell is assumed to be at 25°C.

In Fig 8, only one single cell in a series of fifteen cells is supposed to receive less radiation due to shading. Then the impact of that is on the output of the entire solar panel. If only one cell receives as much as just 0.05 or 5% or the radiance of rest of the panel, it is as good as entire panel getting cutoff. This has been proven even in excel sheet simulation and also has been verified by practical experimentation on a solar panel in the field. Though this is between a single cell and a large panel, same concept can be extended to shading of a single panel affecting a large constellation of panels, if all are connected in series. Given that, whenever energy from many panels are needed, instead of connecting the constant current based cells in series it is preferable to have a boost mode MPPT for each individual panel and parallel the outputs at DC level. Directly connecting panels in series to boost the output voltage is not at all a good idea.

October 2016

Fig 11 Fifteen cells are connected in parallel on a solar panel. Temp is 25°C. At different levels of shading on a single cell, while radiance on all other cells is at full level.

Figure 12. Fifteen Number of solar cells parallel connected on a solar panel. Note entire panel is assumed to be illuminated at full radiance levels. The junction temperature of the cell is assumed to be at 25°C. Impact of spread of ISC on MPPT is shown here.

From Fig 10 to 12 it may be concluded that shading of a single has less effect on output of panels when cells within a panel are in parallel. The output of panel is sum of currents and goes as high as 27 to 30 amps, but output voltage is as small as 0.6 volts. Now power electronic

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charge pumps are available to boost input voltages as low as a few millivolts to any output voltage. When solar panels were developed in India around 1980 this was not the case. Cells were connected in series to charge batteries like 6 v or 12 volts without even MPPT circuits. Same concept could be extended to a large constellation of panels where all panels are preferably connected in parallel than in series.

Tilt Angle of Mounting The earth rotates on its own axis, which has atilt angle of 23.5° degrees with reference to the plain of rotation around the sun. This tilt is responsible for changing seasons on the earth. Further the latitude of Bangalore is 12.9716N. Hence recommended mounting angle for the solar panel = 90-12.9716= 77.02°.

angle of incidence, surface property etc. Hypothetically if the silicon junction is right at the surface, there will be no change in electrical output irrespective of the angle of incidence of the sun’s energy!!!!! Further, the solar cell itself junction depth, doping material used is unable to utilize the entire solar spectrum. Like LEDs or Tube lights, Stoke’s law could be utilized to shift incident light to higher efficiency effect to match the cell property. The photo luminescent phosphor also acts as a dispersant of light so that variations in angle of incidence will have little effect. By using phosphor with longer persistence, further the solar panel could continue to deliver output beyond sunset hours!!!!!!

FIG 15 Large solar concentrators based systems such these have been installed in France as well as in India.

Fig 15 shows large solar thermal power generation systems shown here have been installed even in India and have been found to be inefficient. But the designers seem to have overlooked the criticality of mounting at correct tilt angle. MPPT is not for solar panels only. In this system, only a few reflector panels are best positioned to reflect maximum solar panel at a point of time.Henec may be 99% or more may be inefficient. So overall the system is inefficient- it is due to poor design not the concept itself. Fig 13. Earth’s rotation around the Sun with a specific tilt axis and solar panel mounting angle at different latitudes

New Concepts for Further Development Solar cell or a panel may be interpreted as a transducer to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar energy itself is known to have a wide spread in energy content at different frequencies or wavelengths. Spread of Sun’s energy as received on earth is given in Fig 10. Refer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight for more details. Given that the solar cell / panel must also produce energy in same output.

Fig 14. Depending on the angle of incidence, a portion is reflected back from the glass or internally in the laminate film.

Panel construction is shown in Fig 14. The sunrays falling perpendicular to the glass may directly go through to the junction of the cell. However when the rays fall at any other angle; a part of the light is reflected back, which is the cause for reduction in electrical energy output from the panel. As long as the cause is known, a suitable alternative solution can be found. It must be noted that the % light reflected back depends on refractive index,

Fig 16. Solar spectrum as received on earth’s surface and Solar panel as a transducer.

October 2016

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vs simulation models is explained by the introduction of diode as a component in the circuit simulation. This is more of a symbolic use. Need to connect all solar cells in a solar panel in parallel as against current practice of connecting cells in series is suggested to minimize impact of shading / dust collection. Fig 17. Concept of Additive color and subtractive color.

Concept of subtractive color is also well known. Given that a solar cell design is supposed to be absorbing and converting entire visible spectrum into electrical energy. Hence, then the solar cell should not reflect any light. Such a solar cell should ideally appear black in color. Silicon mono-crystalline or polycrystalline cells appear gray or blue which is a simple reason that its efficiency is low. Without conducting any elaborate test just by visual examination, one can declare cell inefficient. Add on Fresnel lens with suitable design could also help to ensure almost entire spectrum is absorbed by existing solar cells.

Novel Test Source for Solar Panels Question now arises as to how to test solar panels with different color lighting conditions. Now technology has advanced and LED panels as large as huge wall mounted TV screen are available. Output of LED cells is in the region of 90 lumens /watt. LED size as assumed to be about 2 mm x 2mm at die or chip level. Thus on a 1 meter square area one could install 2,50,000 LEDs ideally. Even assuming 50% assembly factor at least 1,25,000 LEDs can be assembled on a 1 meter square panel. Each LED consuming 0.5 w means one can still pump in 75,000 watts of power on 1 sq m as against just 1 kw.sq m received from Sun at the earth’s surface. By adjusting color of LEDs, one can achieve any color at any radiance level. Further, through software, pockets of shading can also be simulated The panel can be placed directly in contact with this large light source in this case. All earlier sun simulators use a bank of many small halogen lamps as light sources. These generate lot of heat too. Further, due to its size, the panel under test is kept away to avoid heat from the lamp affecting the panel performance. Fig 18 Novel LED based solar simulator panel to test Solar panels under different color conditions and shading conditions.

Conclusion Simple and easily available Excel sheet can be used to simulate and analyze performance of a Solar Cell and its assembly to a panel. Similarly easy to use LT Spice electrical circuit simulation software can been used for validation of the mathematical simulation performed with excel sheet. These results haven verified conducting experiments with actuals panels in the field. Differences arising between actual experimental results

Hence a need has arisen to incorporate MPPT feature in a charge pump may open up a new opportunity for business. Charge pumps are already available to boost input voltages as low as 20mV. Need to develop solar cells, which are far more efficient than at present is possible and logically it is explained that such cells will tend to be dark black in appearance. It may be noted that a cell appearing black is an indication of total absorption of entire solar spectrum in the visible region for conversion to electrical energy. Novel suggestion to use nano layer photo luminescent Phosphor to take advantage of Stoke’s law to shift incident Sun’s energy to higher efficiency region of the cell may further help to improve the output of the cell. Novel test facility using LED based large solar simulation is suggested for solar panels. Interestingly this set up can be used to test solar cell/ panel efficiency under different wavelengths. Interestingly such a novel set up can also be used to test panels in the laboratory simulating partial shading effects on a single or multiple cells. For production level, it has been shown, how use of randomly used cells and connected in series as at present, results in degradation of MPPT of solar panel. This exercise can be used to determine 6σ deviation of ISC for binning or grouping to obtain maximum MPPT. Some of the suggestions mentioned here need access to production facility of solar cells and panels and hence an understanding with solar cell and panel manufacturers. It is also well known that silicon based solar cells have an open circuit voltage of about 0.6 volts, while scientists are working on Gallium Nitride based solar cells which have an open circuit voltage of about 3.2 volts and a theoretical efficiency of about 70%. Hence Indian scientists need to focus their efforts hasten developments in this area. It is important to note by wrong design solar thermal collectors are branded to be inefficient. A re-look at design issues have been suggested by understanding tilt angle issues discussed in the context of solar photovoltaic panels. ▪ M S DIVEKAR

M BTech (Electronics) in 1975 from IIT, Madras. He worked in leading Navaratna PSUs like BEL and BHEL for several decades and had exposure to semiconductor manufacturing at BEL and BHEL. He was also a key member of the team for totally indigenous development of Solar Photovoltaic cell and panel technology. Mr Divekar also indigenously developed the induction lamp technology in 2008. He was guiding MS & PhD students in different areas at Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore as Adjunct Faculty.

October 2016

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his paper presents case studies on reduction of auxiliary power consumption in thermal power plants. The most useful method of energy conservation is continuous monitoring and optimization of parameters. This paper will be helpful to engineers who are engaged in operation/maintenance of plants as well as for energy management for making continual improvement in performance of motor driven systems of the plant with minimal investment. It is seen that energy management can be done optimally by simple modifications and not always by making complex calculations.

Plant Load: 116.4 MW Sr. No.

Condensate Design Extraction Pump Parameters

Motor

315 kW (Rating)

282 kW (consumption)

Flow

390 m3/hr

327 m3/hr

Head

213 m

186.3 m

Pump Efficiency

86%

63.7%

Energy conservation can be carried out optimally by operation and maintenance engineers because they are always dealing with the system and have its detailed understanding. Normally, in any industry, engineers are mostly assigned work of operation and maintenance to keep uninterrupted operation of the plant. However, in the present scenario of energy scarcity, the word “efficiency” needs to be incorporated in a maintenance/operation engineers work profile. Efficiently operating system or equipment require less attention during maintenance work. Two case studies are discussed below.

Case Study – 1 Condensate Extraction Pump (135 MW CPP) In the plant, normally one Condensate Extraction Pump (CEP) is kept in operation out of two for supplying condensate water from condenser to dearator. The flow is controlled by dearator control valve, which was 49% open at the time of energy audit, see DCS Control loop shown in Fig.1. The design and operating parameters of the pump are presented below:

Operating Parameters

Deaerator Control Valve Fig-1: Screen Shot of Condensate Extraction System on the DCS Panel. Note Deaerator Control Valve is throttled.

Clearly the pump is operating at a significantly reduced efficiency at reduced flow rate and reduced head i.e. significantly away from the optimal-peak efficiency operating point.

Enercon Measure- I Stopping of recirculation flow in bypass line of Condensate Extraction Pump

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Review of the flow path indicated that though the bypass valve was fully closed and DCS was showing zero flow, around 20% of total flow was present as per ultrasonic flow measurement in the bypass line. Hence it was suggested to replace/repair the bypass valve to stop the bypassing flow. The saving calculation is given below: Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

7. 8.

Parameters Present power consumption of Pump Present flow measured at Pump discharge line Present flow measured at Pump bypass line New discharge flow after stopping bypass valve flow is Reduction in discharge flow

Value

(Assuming running hours of 8000 in one year)

Motor Rating

Design flow of Condensate Extraction Pump Design head of Condensate Extraction Pump

Value 315 kW 390 m3/hr

213 m

Present power consumption measured

282 kW

65 m3/hr

Power consumption after stopping bypass flow

253.8 kW

262 m3/hr

Present flow delivery

327 m3/hr

Actual flow requirement after stopping the flow of bypass line is

262 m3/hr

After Installation of Variable Frequency Drive, saving can be achieved as calculated below

As per Affinity Laws for Pumps

327 m3/hr

20% (65 m3/ hr)

28.2 kW 253.8 kW 2,25,600 kWh/ year

10.

Savings @ Rs. 3.50/kWh

Rs. 7.89 Lakhs

11.

Investment Required for repairing of the by-pass valve

Rs. 5.0 Lakhs

12.

Payback period

7.6 months

Enercon Measure- II Installation of Variable Frequency Drive It was also observed that the Condensate Extraction Pump flow varied from a peak value of nearly 350 T/hr to a low value of nearly 150 T/hr. It is possible to improve the efficiency of the Condensate Extraction Pump by modifying the characteristics of the pump using a variable frequency drive. To ensure optimal performance under variable pumping requirements, it was suggested to install variable frequency drive for both Condensate Extraction Pumps to control the condensate flow by controlling the motor speed. Speed control should be done such that Condensate Extraction Pump discharge pressure is always higher than the deaerator inlet pressure + pressure drop across the line. Energy saving potential for this suggested measure is calculated below and also graphically represented in Fig.2.

October 2016

Parameters

282 kW

For 20% reduction in flow, power consumption will reduce by 20% as per Affinity Law. However, due to increased system resistance, the head is expected to rise by 10%. Hence, the reduction in power consumption will only be about 10%. Reduction in power consumption @ 10% (=282 kW x 0.1) New Power consumption will be (= 282 kW - 28.2 kW) Total Units can be saved (28.2 kW x 8000 hrs)

Sr. No.

Flow α Speed; Head α Speed2, Power α Speed3

Actual flow required is 262 m3/hr, which is about 33 % lower than the design flow. Hence speed reduction by about 33 % is possible because Flow is directly proportional to Speed. However, on a conservative basis we have considered speed reduction by only 20% for maintaining the required head;

11.

New Flow will be 80% of design flow (0.8x390)

312 m3/hr

12.

New head will be 64% of design head ((0.8)2x213)

136.3 m

13. 14. 15.

16.

New Power consumption will be (0.8)3x315 kW Reduction in power consumption (253.8161.3) Saving potential in power by installing VFD Total Units can be saved (92.5 kWx8000 hrs) (Assuming 8000 hrs operation in a year)

161.3 kW 92.5 kW 92.5 kW

7,40,000 year

kWh/

17.

Savings @ Rs. 3.50/kWh

Rs. 25.9 Lakhs

18.

Investment Required

Rs. 32.0 Lakhs

19.

Payback period

15 months

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The design parameters of the pump are as below: Flow = 350 T/hr, Head = 2087 m, Speed = 5050 rpm Overall pump Efficiency = 80.5% Motor Rating = 3500 kW

Fig.2: Incremental change in operational parameters, including Motor Power Consumption

Case Study – 2 BOILER FEED PUMP of a 210 MW Thermal Power Plant In this Plant, two Boiler Feed Pumps rated 3500 kW each are kept in operation to meet feed water requirement. Boiler Feed Pumps are provided with a hydraulic fluid coupling which is called scoop control for controlling the speed of the pump, see Fig. 3.

Fig-3: Single Line Diagram of Boiler Feed Pump (BFP)

Feed Control Valve is provided on discharge side header of Boiler Feed Pumps for controlling the feed water flow as per the steam flow requirement, see Fig. 4. The boiler drum level is controlled by controlling feed water flow by maintaining Differential Pressure (DP) across Feed Control Valve (FCV) and scoop control is done in auto mode for maintaining fixed Differential Pressure of 6 kg/cm2 across Feed Control Valve. After analysing the system, initiative was taken to change the operating control system. Now the Feed Control Valve is kept fully open and flow is controlled by adjusting the scoop position (scoop control). The scoop position was reduced from 79% to 72% keeping the Feed Control Valve fully open (Differential Pressure across Feed Control Valve is kept zero). In addition, it was recommended to overhaul the two boiler feed pumps to further improve efficiency. Detailed calculations for the improvement in efficiency are presented below:

Fig-4: Single Line Diagram of Boiler Feed Water System

Detailed calculations of the savings potential are presented in table below and also presented graphically in Fig.5. Pump Performance Calculation for one Boiler Feed Pump Sl. No. Parameters

Remarks Before After Improvement Improvement (Difference)

Parameters (Measurement) 1

Load current (A)

298

259

---

Power factor

0.88

0.94

---

Input power (kW)

3,020

2,707

---

Load (%)

---

Flow (T/hr)

320

360

---

Suction/ Discharge Pressure (kg/cm2,g)

8.5/183

8.0/168

---

Performance Calculations 7

Feed water temp. (°C)

160

174

---

Feed water density (kg/m3)

0.906

0.90

---

Calculated head

1926

1778

-148 (-7.68%)

Feed water flow (m3/ hr)

352

396

+44 (+12.5%)

Pump output (kW)

1,678

1,743

+65 (+3.87%)

Input power to the motor (kW)

3,020

2,707

-313 (-10.4%)

Assumed motor efficiency (%)

Calculated pump efficiency (%)

58.5

67.8

October 2016

+9.3%

Techspace

Saving Potential Calculation as per Post Verification (Actual) 15

Improvement in efficiency (%)

9.3

Power saving potential (kW)

313

Units Saved per Year Consider 24 hrs/day and 220 days per year operation

16,52,640

Amount Saved per Year @ Rs. 2.0/kWh

33.1 Lakh

Investment Required (Rs.)

Nil

the right choice! Publication Date

1st working day of the month of the issue

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210 GSM Art Paper *

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Ordinary Positions Fig.5: Bar graphs showing Improvement/Change in operational parameters before and after implementation of Energy Conservation Measures

Conclusions Energy conservation is a continual process and every employee working in the plant can contribute in performance improvement of the systems. In general, it can be concluded that simple observations such as reduced voltage level, throttling of damper/inlet guide vanes for fans, throttling of valves for pumps, over loaded or under loaded operation of motors, efficient utilization of controlling mechanism for system, throttling of pressure reducing valves, leakages and unloading time for compressors, etc. lead to outstanding energy savings with minimal investment cost. â&#x2013;Ş Mr. Bhavesh Vasiyani

Deputy Manager & Head (Energy Management Section), Electrical Research & Development Association (ERDA), Vadodara.

Dr. G. S. Grewal

Deputy Director & Head (Mechanical & Insulating Materials Division), Electrical Research & Development Association (ERDA), Vadodara.

October 2016

RATE PER INSERTION (Rs.) Rates for 4 colours and non bleed

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IEEMAActivities

IEEMA Activities

Meeting with Zhejiang CHINT Electrics Co. Ltd., China

On 21st September 2016, senior executives from Zhejiang CHINT Electrics Co. Ltd., China met IEEMA LV & MV_HV Switchgear division members at Mumbai office. Primary objective of the meeting was to explore ways and means of expanding business in India and understand the market scenario in details. Mr. Logan Liu, Managing Director â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Asia Pacific, Mr. Bai Wenxuan & Mr. Sandeep Bhardwaj - Country Director were present on behalf of CHINT.

Mr. Anil Nagrani & and Mr. J Pande made a presentation on IEEMA activities, Indian Economy, Power Sector status & and opportunities. Mr. M P Kamath, ChairmanLV Switchgear division and Mr. A Subramanian, Chairman â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MV_HV Switchgear division made presentations on their respective division and industry status/issues. Vice Chairman of both these divisions also interacted with the delegates. Chinese delegates have shown keen interest in taking IEEMA membership and participating in !NTELECT 2017 show.

Report of 7th Meeting of Executive Council held on 19th August 2016 at Kolkata The seventh Meeting of Executive Council 2015-16 was held on 19th August 2016 at Kolkata. Council took note of single point repository for updates and circulation of government policies, funding and other public policy related matters established at the Delhi office of IEEMA. The Members were also briefed on the anti-theft campaign by the President where

he informed that the concept, design, communication plan and creative have been conceptualized. Council was also briefed by Chairman, Conductor division about safeguard duty on aluminium and requested IEEMA to commission a white paper on commodities, spares and capacities of the Chinese market which would provide an insight to Indian manufacturers of production capacity assessment.

Meeting of Smart Grid technical committee On 15th September 2016, the second meeting of Smart Grid technical committee was held at IEEMA, Delhi office. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Sandip Sinha- Convener Smart Grid Technical committee. It was discussed

to prepare a comprehensive presentation to bring awareness among the DISCOMS regarding technical aspects of Smart Grid. The meeting was attended by 9 representatives of nine members companies, Mr. Akeel Khan , Executive Officer, represented IEEMA at the meeting.

Meeting with Shri. Sanjeev Kumar, CMD, MSEDCL On 16th September, 2016, a delegation from Maharashtra Zonal Chapter, IEEMA under chairmanship of Shri. Chaitanya Desai, CMD, Apar Industries Limited met

Shri Sanjeev Kumar, CMD, MSEDCL. The delegation comprised of following IEEMA members. Discussions revolved around issues pertaining to scaling up product line, quality and technology readiness to address

Readers are requested to send their feedback about content of the Journal at editor@ieema.org 76

October 2016

IEEMAActivities

distribution losses, human losses, security, energy conservation, energy efficiency, Innovations, technical advancement and best practices used in power sector worldwide. The MSEDCL CMD suggested that IEEMA forms a core advisory group from the industry and

similarly asked Superintending Engineer Distribution Shri Prabhakar Hazare to form a core group to work in the above areas from field engineering. These group should ideally meet every month , either physically or through VC to provide inputs and become a collaborative partner besides sharing data on pertinent subjects.

9th Governing Body Meeting and 1st Annual General Body Meeting On 16th September 2016, 9th Governing Body Meeting and 1st Annual General Body Meeting of Power Sector Skill Council (PSCC) was convened at CEA, Sewa Bhawan, RK Puram, New Delhi. Mr. S. D. Dubey, Chairperson (CEA); Mr. V K Kanjilia, Secretary (CBIP) & Mr. Vinod Behari, CEO (PSCC) participated in the meeting. Mr. R.K.Chugh, Member, Executive Council & Mr. Gopal Krishna Mallik, Head - HR, represented IEEMA during the meeting. Representatives from NTPC, NPTI,

KPTCL, Powergrid, NEEPCO, Adani Power and PSCC also participated in the meeting. Mr. Vinod Behari, CEO, PSSC gave an presentation pertaining to various activities untaken by PSSC, status of NOS/QP as on date, status of PSSC affiliated assessment bodies and PSSC affiliated training providers as on date. At the end of the presentation, Mr. Vinod Behari presented the annual report of PSSC for the FY: 2015-16.

Meeting with RRVPNL on the representation raised for amend ment in technical specification of 33 KV capacitor bank from single star to double star On 30th August 2016, IEEMA Capacitor division had meeting with officials of RRVPNL on the representation raised by the division for amendment in technical specification of 33 KV capacitor bank from single star to double star. The meeting was attended by Chairman ,IEEMA Capacitor division along with representatives from Universal cable, ABB,EPCOS and Mr. Devesh Vyas from IEEMA. The meeting was held with Mr. R.K.Bhandari, Director technical, Mr. R.P. Barwar, Director Operations,

Mr. Govind Chhatwani Chief Engineer- Procurement and Mr. S.K.Kaushik, Superintendent Engineer. The discussions were on the benefits of using NCT instead of RVT. RRVPNL officials agreed that they are also facing lots of problems with RVT’s but it’s too late for changing the specifications. However, they agreed to put up this point in their internal meeting and if required tender date could be further extended by another 15-20 days if agreed. RRVPNL requested members to provide more details in this reference.

Meeting with H. E. Rosimar Suzano, Consul General, Consulate General of Brazil and Ms. Lizann Lopes Lobo, Trade Officer

On September 16, IEEMA officials met H. E. Rosimar Suzano, Consul General, Consulate General of Brazil and Ms. Lizann Lopes Lobo, Trade Officer to invite them for IEEMA annual convention to be held in Mumbai on September 30, 2016. Cdr. Sinha introduced IEEMA and its activities to the Consul General and how closely IEEMA is working with the Government and Embassies through its divisions. The discussion widely took place on the status of electrical equipment industry, exports and imports segments, and how IEEMA is helping electrical Industry players to get into the International arena.

The concern over low exports and areas of improvement was also discussed in the meeting. Consul General felt that IEEMA and Consulate should work together to promote the bilateral trade between the countries. She informed that 14 companies from various sector from Brazil participating in 8TH BRICS Summit to be hosted by India. She requested IEEMA to circulate the profiles of the companies to its membership and help them form JV/Partnership and take the bilateral trade relations forward. ▪

October 2016

PowerStatistics

Global Renewable Energy

Source - REN21

October 2016

Indian Renewable Sector Total Installed Capacity as on 30.06.2016 - 44.2 GW Wind Solar Biomass SHP

PowerStatistics

Biomass, 27.2SHP, 4.3, 5, 11% 7.8 10%

Solar, 7.8, 18%

Indian Renewable Sector

Wind, 27.2, 61%

Indian Renewable Sector

Total Installed Capacity as30.06.2016 on 30.06.2016 44.2 GW Total Installed Capacity as on - 44.2- GW Wind Solar Biomass SHP

5 4.3

Total Installed Capacity as on 30.06.2016 - 44.2 GW Exponential Growth of Renewable Power

Biomass, 27.2SHP, 4.3, 5, 11% 7.8 10% 5 4.3

Solar, 7.8, 18%

Wind, 27.2, 61%

Budget Speech 2015 “The ministry of New Renewable Energy has revised its target of renewable Budget Speech 2015 "The ministry of New Renewable Energy has revised its target of energy capacity 1,75,000Power MW till 2022, comprising 1,00,000 MW Solar, 60,000 MW Wind, 10,000 Exponential Growth oftoRenewable MW till 2022, comprising 1,00,000 MW Solar, 60,000 MW Wind, 10,000 MW Biomass MW Biomass and 5000 MW Small Hydro India's Global Position - Overall Ranking

India’s Global Position - Overall Ranking Technology

India Global Position

RE Capacity 5th World Total = 785 GW Solar Energy (PV) 9th World Total = 227 GW Solar Energy (CSP) 3rd World Total = 4.8 GW Budget Speech 2015 "The ministry of New Renewable Energy has revised its target of Wind Energy MW till 2022, comprising 1,00,000 MW Solar, 60,000 MW Wind, 10,000 MW 4thBiomass World Total = 433 GW India's Position - Overall Ranking BioGlobal Power Generation 4th World Total = 106 GW India HydroTechnology Power (incl large HP) 6th World Total = 1064 GW Global Position Capacity

India Technology First Position Global Position Capacity

Capacity

Country

Capacity

China

199

5.2

China

0.23

Spain

2.3

China

145

5.6

USA

16.7

China

296

Source – MNRE

October 2016

IEEMADatabase

Rs/MT

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.07.16

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

22950

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

23303

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

54000

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV

`/MT

b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

as on 01.07.16

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

380

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

126750

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

127750

`/KLitre

55385

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

238000

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS

301000

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month April 2016

215.68

IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

278.37

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

162800

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

215.94

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

141700

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

227.53

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

346706

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

366315

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

128595

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

135066

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

Wholesale price index number for ‘Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month May 2016 Wholesale price index number for’ Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month May 2016

141.50

180.90

All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) May 2016

200800

275.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available

BLOOMS (SBLR) 150mmX150mm Rs./MT

35000

(Rs./MT)

30000

25000

August 2014 - July 2016

20000

October 2016

07-16

06-16

05-16

04-16

03-16

02-16

01-16

12-15

11-15

10-15

`09-15

`08-15

`07-15

`06-15

`05-15

`04-15

`03-15

`02-15

`01-15

`12-14

`11-14

`10-14

`09-14

`08-14

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. duty wherever manufactures are eligible to obtain MODVAT benefit. These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMA’s Price Variation Clauses for various products. Basic Price Variation Clauses, explanation of nomenclature can be obtained from IEEMA office. Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

IEEMADatabase

11000

Power Capacitors

1000 4 8 12 4 8 12 4 8 12 4 8 12 4 8 12 4 8 12 4

Name of Product

Accounting Unit

Production For the Month From July 15 to Highest Annual June 2016

June16

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

862

9779

11580

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

232

3444

5091

DC Motors

000' KW

401

618

000' KVA

1144

11093

11261

Contactors

000' Nos.

687

8747

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

149

1691

1909

Nos.

52480

667103

947878

000' Poles

12923

119608

136979

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

204931

1956506

1932964

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

7081

73592

72156

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

23395

207993

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1261

14419

16875

40929

518159

507486

000' KVAR

4956

50826

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

3713

45826

46761

Power Transformers

000' KVA

17225

178690

178782

Current Transformers

000' Nos.

695

705

Voltage Transformers

Nos.

11343

106406

114488

000' Nos.

2097

24910

29317

000' MT

1022

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers* * Weighted Production

October 2016

InternationalNews

INTERNATIONALNEWS Canada’s CDPQ in talks to pick up to 35% in Azure

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu to evaluate MNRE’s small hydro project programme

Canadian pension fund Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec (CDPQ) is in talks with solar-energy developer Azure Power to buy up to 35% stake in the company for about $180 million (Rs 1,200 crore), two people close to the development said.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has given advisory firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India the work to assess the small hydro project programme for financial, economic and environmental sustainability. The work includes the evaluation of subsidy schemes and constraints in effective resource utilisation in case of hydro power projects up to 25 MW.

“The talks are in an advance stage and the investment could be concluded by the end of December this year,” one of the persons cited earlier said. “This would also give partial exit to some of the existing investors in Azure Power.” International Finance Corporation (IFC), the investment arm of the World Bank, Foundation Capital, Helion Ventures, and German development bank DEG are the main investors in New Delhi-based Azure Power, a major player in the Indian solar power space. Most of the investors are set to get a partial exit. Azure has been expanding and making investments aggressively. In June, it invested about Rs 800 crore to set up 150 mw of solar projects in Punjab. According to people in the know, Canadian fund Brookfield, too, had approached Azure Power for a stake buy about two months ago.

French power major EDF plans $2 billion green bet on India French state-run power major EDF will invest heavily in renewable energy in India, with projects worth $2 billion in the pipeline, and is bullish about the sector, where it sees electricity tariffs falling 30% in five years, EDF Energies CEO Antoine Cahuzac told. India is among the few countries EDF has chosen for a significant expansion of its global portfolio of renewable energy because the country has a huge demand potential, power scarcity and “fantastic” quality of wind and solar radiation, Cahuzac said. EDF is also interested in nuclear energy, for which it has initial agreements with Nuclear Power Corp, but regulatory issues are still under discussion, he said. EDF also has interest in hydropower generation in India and is looking at a few prospects, he said.

Its report is expected to aid the ministry in evolving the programme and in reviewing the impact of existing schemes in achieving objectives of performance. Deloitte Touche’s study will cover around 50 existing projects. The firm will look also at the quantum of subsidy being provided by the ministry and changes that are needed. The development programme of small hydro projects of capacity up to 25 MW comes under the MNRE. Around 25% of power generation potential from small hydro projects has been achieved so far. The potential is estimated at around 20,000 MW.

India takes US renewable energy dispute to the World Trade Organization India has complained to the World Trade Organization about support given to the renewable energy industry in eight US states, the WTO said in a statement on Monday. The complaint alleges the states of Washington, California, Montana, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Michigan, Delaware and Minnesota prop up their renewables sector with illegal subsidies and domestic content requirements - an obligation to buy local goods rather than imports. By filing the complaint, India has triggered a 60-day window for the United States to settle the dispute, after which India could ask the WTO to adjudicate.

US casts a shadow over India-France solar alliance The International Solar Alliance (ISA), proposed with fanfare by India and France, faces a challenge from the US, which wants it to function as an informal arrangement,

October 2016

InternationalNews

although Delhi has touted it as the major international organization to be headquartered in the country. The alliance, a joint initiative of PM Narendra Modi and French President Francois Hollande, was announced at the end of the last climate talks in Paris in November 2015, as a coalition of solar resource rich countries “to address their special energy needs and provi de a platform to collaborate on addressing the identified gaps through a common, agreed agenda”, as the working paper on the ISA put it. Such organizations are usually established by a treaty, which is ratified by countries to give it a legal status in line with the UN norms. Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall, deputy secretary, US Department of Energy, confirmed the US’s position. “If the body established is a treaty body, that could create a pro blem for us,” she said. “We want to support the concept but the legal structure has to be one that doesn’t present a challenge for us with our Congress. We are fully supportive of the principle of the approach of trying to create more support globally for solar deployment.”

Yingli Green Energy unveils new modules with more than 20% power gain Yingli Green Energy announced the launch of new PV module series for residential and commercial market segments in the United States. Yingli Smart Module Series, certified by Underwriters Laboratory (UL), features integrated module-level power optimizers produced by Solar Edge. Yingli Smart Modules increase energy harvest at the module level and enable more flexible system design thanks to embedded SolarEdge power optimizers, the company said. Besides, Yingli’s TwinMAX 60 Cell is a frameless module comprised of two layers of 2.5 mm thick semi-tempered glass, which replaced the conventional back sheet and glass structure. As the backside makes use of the reflected light from the surroundings, the modules can yield up to 30 percent more power, depending on the albedo. Ideal for harsh environment conditions, TwinMAX modules carry a 30-year linear warranty, which could provide more than 20 percent power gain for customers compared to industry standard 25-year linear warranty. Built with the best P-type monocrystalline cells, UL-Certified YLM Series offer high conversion efficiency and high-transmission glass with a unique anti-reflective coating that directs more light on the solar cells, resulting in a higher energy yield.

Siemens to provide SWT-2.3-108 wind turbines to Grant Plains Wind Siemens announced it has received an order from Apex Clean Energy to supply, install and commission 64 onshore wind turbines for the onshore Grant Plains Wind project in Oklahoma.The wind power plant with a total

capacity of 147 megawatts (MW) will generate enough power to supply more than 50,000 U.S. households with clean renewable energy. The plant is expected to be commissioned later this year. Siemens will also be responsible for servicing the wind farm.The latest order from Apex Clean Energy follows up on the completion of two previous wind turbine projects in Oklahoma. Within the past year, Siemens commissioned the Grand Wind and Kay Wind project. Including Grant Plains, all three wind power plants generate nearly 600 MW. Jacob Andersen, CEO Onshore Americas of Siemens Wind Power and Renewables Division, said, “Once Grant Plains is operational, our expert service technicians from throughout the Midwest – including Oklahoma – will ensure the turbines perform at maximum capacity for many years to come.” The Grant Plains Wind project will feature Siemens’ SWT2.3-108 wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 108 meters and a hub height of 80 meters. The units are part of the company’s Onshore Geared platform – the workhorse of Siemens’ installed portfolio with rotor diameters optimized for all wind conditions. The nacelles and hubs for the Grant Plains Wind project will be assembled at the Siemens facility in Hutchinson, Kansas. The blades will be manufactured at the Siemens blade facility in Fort Madison, Iowa.

Aquila Capital acquires two wind parks in Germany Aquila Capital announced it has acquired two operational wind parks in Germany, making its wind energy portfolio to an installed capacity of approximately 720 MW.The wind parks have an installed capacity of 34 MW and 46 MW respectively, making them comparatively large assets within the German wind market, Aquila said. The wind turbines, which are located in MecklenburgVorpommern and Brandenburg, were acquired by Aquila Capital from one of Germany’s largest project developers.The wind parks were connected to the grid at the end of 2014 and since then have been generating electricity benefiting from a guaranteed feed-in tariff for a period of 20 years. The wind parks will be managed by Aquila Capital’s dedicated asset management team. Boris Beltermann, head of Solar & Wind at Aquila Capital, said, “Their significant size in combination with a stable feed-in tariff will contribute to, and further diversify, our investors’ portfolios.” Michaela von Grafenstein, Investment Head Real Asset Group at Aquila Capital, added, “There is strong demand from professional investors for wind projects at attractive sites with good wind resources. The acquisition of these parks highlights Aquila Capital’s expertise in identifying and realizing attractive investment opportunities in a highly competitive market such as Germany.”

October 2016

NationalNews

NATIONALNEWS India saved 55.7 million units of energy through UJALA The ministry of power’s initiative Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for all (UJALA), has already resulted in 55.7 million units of energy savings and has reduced carbon emissions over 45,000 tonnes. UJALA has benefitted more than 5 crore citizens across 18 states and 4 union territories. This has been possible only through robust distribution and awareness mechanisms. The government has also ensured that awareness of its UJALA programme reaches every beneficiary, irrespective of their social and economic background. Nevertheless, there are four states where the scheme has not taken off owing to necessary state government approvals. The government is engaging with the respective state governments and ensuring that the scheme is rolled out soon. The ministry of power, along with the state information departments, distribution companies and several other partners have ensured that the common man is made aware of the scheme through various platform and in respective local language of the state. In every state where the scheme is functional - traditional media such as television, radio and newspapers; out of home media such as hoardings, communication vans, posters and digital platforms such as website, social media, mobile app and microsite have been used to spread awareness about distribution of these bulbs

NTPC, EESL sign pact for energy efficient lighting solutions State-run NTPC has entered into a pact with Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) to implement energy efficient LED lighting solutions for all its projects, stations and offices across the country. “NTPC and EESL have joined hands for implementation of energy efficient LED lighting solutions for all NTPC’s projects, stations and offices across the country with an MoU signed by S K Roy, ED (OS), NTPC and A K Gupta, Director (Finance), EESL,” the company said in a statement.

The objective of the MoU is to enable EESL to provide end-to-end state-of-the-art energy efficient LED lighting and solutions in accordance with the requirement of NTPC, the statement said. EESL, a joint venture company of PSUs of Power Ministry has been designated as the implementing agency for both the programmes - Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme (DELP) and Street Lights.

Renewable push may hit thermal power plants: Experts Various power sector experts, including those at Central Electricity Authority (CEA), have warned that the unprecedented surge in renewable energy capacity in the next few years will severely stress thermal power plants, but power secretary PK Pujari remains upbeat about the sector.Thermal power plants are operating at an alltime low of just over 50% of their capacities, triggering a debate within the industry on whether the country really needs the planned addition of 175 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2022. Industry fears that large-scale addition of renewable capacity will further erode the margins of thermal power projects. According to industry sources, CEA, which has made various demand projections in different scenarios up till 2021-22, has projected that national average operating capacity, or plant load factor (PLF), of thermal plants could drop below 50% if the targeted renewable energy generation is added by 2021 and the 50,000 mw under various stages of construction power plants come on line. Pujari, however, doesn’t share these concerns, saying it’s an international norm that countries with high renewable energy generation capacity have thermal power projects operating at lower levels. “On an average PLF will come down. But that is not a concern,” the power secretary said. “Even the power transmission lines are always built as two for backup. Whether low PLF is good or bad is a subjective statement. Internationally most thermal power plants operate at 60%. It might be negative for individual companies, but as an aggregate the surplus power is required. This is a cyclical scenario,” he told ET. “The average PLF numbers are more complicated than simply looking at the national average,” he said.

October 2016

NationalNews

Pujari said the national average PLF might be low but the thermal power plants may get to operate above 60% during night in the absence of wind and solar electricity generation.

States to get Centre’s financial support for free power scheme The Centre will extend financial support to states to enable them to offer new electricity connections free of cost to everyone. At present, electricity connections to only below poverty line (BPL) families are offered for free. A senior government official said the Union power ministry has proposed to extend the free connections scheme to all in line with the Centre’s goal to achieve 24x7 power for all by March 2019. Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) is working on a scheme to provide long-term loans to states that agree to offer free new electricity connections. The scheme will be a key issue for discussion when Union power minister Piyush Goyal meets state power ministers during the twoday conference of power ministers starting October 7 in Gujarat. REC is working on a scheme for financing the power distribution companies so that they could release new electricity connections to households. The scheme covers funding of expenses like laying of lines to give access to electricity, installation of meters and other accessories. As per the plan, the distribution companies will have to get new connection plans approved by REC, which will reimburse expenses incurred by power utilities in giving electricity access to households. “It will be an optional scheme for the states. Some states may not see merit in providing free power connections to remote areas that are not connected to the electricity grid. We would encourage such states to at least offer electricity connections on easy monthly instalments of as low as Rs 100 per month for 4-5 years,” the government official said.

IT-enabled power distribution to save Rs 10,000 crore annually Government aims to save as much as Rs 10,000 crore annually by leveraging information technology to ramp up its power distribution network in urban towns by January 2019.

The official further said: “This requires an investment of about Rs 1 crore in each town because the Centre with state governments have already created other required infrastructure like data and customer centres under the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP).”

Report on removal of 25MW renewable cap on hydro projects soon A report on removing the 25 MW cap for hydro power projects to treat it as renewable would be put out soon for public consultation. “India’s renewable energy capacity could touch 225 GW by 2022 if hydroelectricity is added to the renewable category as is being done the world over,” Goyal told PTI after his visit to the city and Limkheda in Dohad. “It is only in India where hydro projects below 25 MW are considered renewable and those above are considered non-renewable. I had asked officials to look into removing this distinction,” he said. The report is almost complete and will soon be put out for public consultation, he said. The minister visited Limkheda for reviewing arrangements for the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi tomorrow for launching several tribal welfare schemes, including providing drinking water facilities.

India loses WTO appeal in US solar dispute India lost the appeal it had filed against a World Trade Organisation (WTO) panel ruling that the country’s power purchase agreements with solar firms and domestic content requirements (DCR) were “inconsistent” with international norms. The setback comes a couple of days after India dragged the US to the WTO challenging the domestic content requirements and subsidies provided by eight US states in the renewable energy sector. “Consequently, we uphold the Panel’s finding...that solar cells and modules are not “products in general or local short supply” in India...that the DCR measures are not justified under GATT 1994,” the WTO said in its final order, upholding its earlier ruling.

Moving in this direction, the Power Ministry is likely to award the works to have IT-driven power distribution in as many as 2,636 towns across the country by December this year. The entire work will take at least two years after the award of works.

The US had initiated this dispute in February 2013 because it considered that India’s domestic content requirements were inconsistent with WTO rules that prohibit discrimination against imported products.

“The detailed project report for making IT enabled power distribution system in 2,636 urban towns will be ready in two months. Power Ministry will be able to award the work by December this year. It will take two years to complete the task thereafter,” a senior official told PTI.

Under the solar mission, solar power developers are mandated to use Indian-manufactured cells and modules rather than US or other imported solar technology that the US considered a breach of international trade rules. India had appealed against this in April.

October 2016

CorporateNews

CORPORATENEWS Suzlon to work on hybrid wind-solar model soon

Energy Development Agency’s (UREDA) competitive bidding for 2015-16.

Wind energy firm Suzlon will start working on its plans for a hybrid wind-solar model next year, a senior company executive said. This is the company’s first step in working towards an integrated model where wind, solar and storage batteries will be a part of the same renewable energy eco-system.

Greenko to buy SunEdison’s Indian portfolio for $315 million

“It is not about wind versus solar, but wind and solar. We are enthusiastic about solar and will start our research next year,” Duncan Koerbel, CTO, Suzlon Group told. Suzlon is uniquely positioned in India where we already have a wind park, and it makes sense to put a solar panel park next to that and connect it to the same grid,” he said. The company has a team of 2,500 people in operations management across India who could oversee this and find a balance between wind and solar power, depending on the conditions at any given time. Similarly, with battery storage at the same location, it could hypothetically tap into the energy stored in the batteries and use it to provide power and create a renewable ecosystem that balances wind, solar and battery storage. “We are working on the plan, will see the first steps at R&D level next year. It’s hard to say when we’d see something in the market as that would depend on our clients and the utilities that buy the power,” said Koerbel.

Rays Power Infra launches 100 MW solar project in Uttarakhand Rays Power Infra, a solar energy company, will set up a 100 mw solar power plant in Uttarakhand. The Project’s execution began in August, 2016, and is expected to be commissioned by February, 2017. It will be executed by Rays Power Infra on turnkey basis - from land acquisition to commissioning. Pawan Sharma, director-projects, Rays Power Infra said, “After successfully commissioning a 55 MW Solar Power PV project in U.P., this 100 MW project in Uttarakhand will be our biggest project The 100 MW project is spread over a sprawling land area at Tehsil - Bhagwanpur in Roorkee District of Uttarakhand. It comes under Uttarakhand Renewable

The sun is finally setting on SunEdison in India. The US company that started the solar power frenzy around the world and especially in India with super high growth projections and super low tariff bids for new projects before it went belly up earlier this year and filed for bankruptcy, is all set to sell its entire Indian portfolio to Greenko, said multiple sources aware of the development. Hyderabad-headquartered Greenko Energy Holdings, the hottest Indian green energy company among global investors, has piped UK private equity Actis-backed renewable platform Ostro Energy to strike the deal after months of negotiations, they said. Greenko is acquiring SunEdison’s operating 390 MW solar portfolio and 48 MW of wind parks for an enterprise valuation of $315 million, in what would be the biggest distress sale of all time in the sector. This includes an equity value of $30 million and around $280 million of debt, as per two executives involved directly in the ongoing negotiations. They spoke on the condition of anonymity as the talks are in private domain. A pipeline of another 800 MW will also get transferred to Greenko for no extra cost. Greenko, backed by GIC and Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, has agreed to pump in $50-60 million as equity funding to build these new projects and will also take on additional debt for capital expenditure. This, however, would still be much lower than the originally envisaged billion-dollar-plus valuation. The deal would mark Greenko’s entry into solar, after missing out on Welspun’s solar business that Tata Power bought recently.

India-US collaboration a vital enabler in accelerating clean energy finance: Ratul Puri With more than $150 billion investments required to meet India’s renewable energy plans over the next six years, Mr Ratul Puri, chairman, Hindustan Powerprojects, today talked of India-US partnership as a critical enabler in accelerating clean energy finance. Speaking during

October 2016

CorporateNews

the CII-Indiaspora Dialogue “Mission 2022” at New Delhi, today, Mr Puri, outlined the key areas where both countries can extend their partnership and expand cooperation in the field of renewable energy. “This is going to be a vital enabler to make India’s renewable program successful. Indian debt markets do not have the depth to finance India’s renewable build out”, Puri noted. India is set to contribute more than any other country to the projected rise in global energy demand, around onequarter of the total. Even so, energy demand per capita in 2040 is still 40% below the world average. According to reports, the country requires an investment of ~ $2.8 trillion in energy infrastructure – 2/3 of it into the energy value chain and the balance into energy efficiency. “Further, with an installed capacity of 44 GW of renewable (8 Mw solar and 36MW wind and others) and a target of 175 GW by 2022, India presents one of the largest investments opportunities in the renewable space. The total investment needed to achieve this target exceeds USD 150 Billion, Mr Puri further noted. Talking of opportunities in Smart Grids and storage, Mr Puri said that key challenge in renewable energy is in addressing the variability of generation. Technology can play a major role is addressing this problem. A combination of low cost storage combined with smart grids and the internet of things can help manage supply and demand. A rapid implementation of these technologies is vital to making India’s renewable program viable and successful. Mr Puri said that innovation across the energy spectrum— supply, storage, conversion, consumption, etc.—will drive improved sustainability. “US with its advanced technology know how especially in the area of storage can provide valuable boost to the Indian government’s thrust to achieve its ambitious but doable target of 175 GW”, said Mr Puri.

Yash High VOltage wins ‘OUTSTANDING MSME” at the FGI AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE 2015 Yash High Voltage Insulators Pvt Ltd won a ‘CERTIFICATE OF MERIT” in category of ‘OUTSTANDING MSME” at the FGI AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE 2015. The Award ceremony was held at baroda this Sunday on 11th and the certificates/awards were given away by Shri Manohar Parrikar, Hon Defence Minister of INDIA. YASH High Volatge is an independent manufacturers of transformer bushings and FRP cylinders, catering to the upper segment of transformer industry for most discerning utilities of INDIA and abroad.

Vikram Solar CEO bags Bengal Entrepreneurship Award 2016 Mr Gyanesh Chaudhary, MD and CEO, Vikram Solar,

the globally recognized leading solar energy solutions provider won The Bengal Entrepreneurship Award 2016 in the manufacturing sector. The Bengal Entrepreneurship Award is organised annually by The Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCC&I). Dr. Amit Mitra, Hon’ble Minister of Finance, Commerce & Industries, West Bengal presented the award at a ceremony held.Three successful entrepreneurs were adjudged and awarded as best entrepreneurs each from the manufacturing, service and start-up sectors.

NTPC bullish on power demand, to add 24 GW at Rs 1.6 lakh crore Amid global economic uncertainty, state-owned NTPC remains sanguine about domestic electricity demand and has planned a total capacity addition of 24 GW entailing an investment of Rs 1.6 lakh crore. “Various projects of the company having an aggregate capacity of around 24 GW are under implementation at 23 locations across the country,” NTPC CMD Gurdeep Singh said while addressing the company AGM. Singh said, “This (24 GW) includes 4,050 MW being undertaken by joint venture and subsidiary companies. This translates into a capex of about Rs 1,60,000 crore.” The installed capacity of the NTPC group stands at 47,228 MW, which includes 800 MW of hydro and 360 MW of solar generation capacity. The company has planned an all-time high stand-alone capex of Rs 25,960 crore exceeding the MoU target of 23,000 crore (with the power ministry) and the NTPC group capex stood at Rs 32,091 crore last fiscal. Singh is of the view that the national trends suggest a promising future for NTPC despite the overall atmosphere of uncertainty in the global business scenario.

India Power Corporation Ltd to adopt smart grid with USTDA in Gaya India Power Corporation Ltd has entered into a partnership with US Trade & Development Agency to implement smart gird technology on India Power’s distribution network - particularly to its Gaya Franchise in Bihar. It will boost efficiency and reliability while minimizing wastage. A smart grid is commonly characterized by the application of digital processing and communications to centralize data flow and information management. American expertise will help overcome challenges like integration of new grid information - one of the key issues in designs of smart grids. At present, electric utilities now find themselves making three classes of transformations: improvement of infrastructure; addition of the digital layer; and business process transformation, necessary to capitalize on the investments in smart technology. Much of the work going on in electric grid modernization, especially for substations and distribution automation, is now included in the general concept of the smart grid.

October 2016

ERDANews

Solar Lighting Systems Test Evaluation Laboratory

ERDA’s Technology Centre: Serving the Renewables Energy Sector through Expert Services & Technology Development ERDA’s state-of-the-art technology Centre offers a variety of expert services and also undertakes focused technology development projects for the renewables energy sector, as per following details: Expert Services Renewable Energy Solutions for Green Buildings using the Solar Micro Grid Concept ERDA’s provide services for design & development of solar micro grids for green building projects. A recently executed project involved design, development & deployment of a Solar Photovoltaic Rooftop micro grid based on multi-crystalline solar panels, battery backup and a power conditioning unit. This micro grid, which was implemented for the Technology Centre building at ERDA, integrates various power sources & provides priority to solar generation based on availability. In case it is not sufficient to meet the load demand, than supply is drawn from grid & in worst case battery bank feeds the load for limited period.

ERDA’s Solar Lighting Evaluation Laboratory is equipped with Class A Solar Sun Simulator conforming to IEC 60904-9 for measurement of I-V characteristics. Test Solar Sun Simulator Class A and evaluation services of photovoltaic modules are offered as per following standards: uu IEC 61215 / IS 14286: Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules uu IEC 61646:Thin-film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules uu MNRE Specifications: Solar lantern, Home lighting system, Street lighting system ERDA’S Solar Lighting Systems Test facility is recognized by MNRE (Ministry Of New and Renewable Energy), Government of India.

Power Quality Measurement & Mitigation Solution for Renewable Energy Power Plants ERDA offers a variety of power quality measurements services for wind farms and solar plants as per following details: uu Voltage and current harmonics measurement as per IEEE 519 uu Flicker measurement as per IEC 61000-4-15 uu DC current injection into grid as per CEA guidelines uu Current and voltage distortion uu Sag and swell uu Current and voltage unbalance uu Phase shifting and reactive power uu Voltage dips and short term overvoltage etc.

Power Quality Measurement at Site

Performance and Efficiency Measurement of Inverters

Installed Solar Panels Array

Block Diagram of Developed Microgrid

Renewable Energy Integration Studies ERDA’s Engineering Analysis Center (EAC) is equipped with Mi-Power, ETAP, EMTP-RV Simulation Packages to provide modeling & System Simulation Services to wind farms for undertaking studies such as Power Evacuation, Load Flow, Short Circuit, Power Quality, etc. to enable developers and utilities to plan and implement robust power system networks, which deliver quality & reliable power.

ERDA offers services for performance and efficiency evaluation of inverters at site as well as laboratory for: uu DC Power, AC Power and Efficiency measurement as per IEC 61683 uu Voltage and current (individual) harmonics measurement as per IEEE 519 uu Current and voltage harmonic distortion

Battery Evaluation ERDA offers complete type testing of batteries used in renewable energy plants as per following standards: IS: 1651- Stationary cells and batteries, lead-acid type with tubular positive plates IS: 1652 - Stationary cells and batteries, lead acid type with plante positive plates IS: 15549 - Stationary valve regulated lead acid batteries

October 2016

ERDANews

IS: 13369 - Stationary Lead-acid batteries with tubular positive plates in Mon bloc Container

Technology Development ERDA undertakes technology development projects for utilities & industries in various areas related to renewable energy and smart grid. A recent technology developed by ERDA for the renewable sector is the technology of “Anti Dust Coating for PV Panels”. Salient Features of ERDA’s Anti-Dust/Self Cleaning Coating Technology include: uu Cleaning frequency reduced by 50% and hence, saving in expenditure for cleaning uu Negligible decay in efficiency of solar panels uu Easy application through the route of spraying uu No recurring Expenses uu Temperature range of use from 0oC to 60oC uu Decomposes hydrocarbons and prevent organic growth uu No run-off issues uu Minimal damage due to self-cleaning

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October 2016

For 12 or more releases - 15 % discount *Subject to change at the sole discretion of Publisher, without notice.

ProductShowcase

6A Power Wheel compatible with multiple plugs Syska India’s leading player in the LED Lighting known for its smart innovation has introduced another addition to its range of extension boards, with ‘Syska Power Wheel’, 3Way multiple socket electronic extension Wheel with surge and spike protection. With 4m long cord rugged built to withstand everyday wear and tear & chic looks – Syska Power Wheel covers it all! Designed to match your prerequisites, Syska power wheel sports an elegant finish that isn’t a mismatch to your beautiful décor of the house. The grey & white combination, with sleek and scratch free glossy finish, along with a glow switch to let you know when the guard is on or off for daily operations.

‘HELITRAC’- the revolutionary Sun tracking system

This 3-way multiple socket electronic extension board has a built-in circuitry specially designed to act as a guard to protect sensitive equipment from the dangerous effects of the powerful surges and spikes encountered in the power supply every day. This compact and aesthetically designed device is made of heat resistant ABS plastic.

TESTRANO 600: Quick and easy three-phase testing of power transformers

Vikram Solar announced the launch of ‘HELITRAC’, a highly advanced solar tracker with robust weather proof mechanism and multimode intelligent operations. The product was showcased at Renewable Energy India Expo, Greater Noida. Set to boost the solar industry by further improving PV efficiencies, ‘HELITRAC’ can change its orientation throughout the day to follow the sun’s path to maximize energy capture.It allows eastwest land undulations up to 3-5 degrees. Additionally, its IP65 gears and drives make the system weather proof and robust. The product is touted to be a breakthrough development, as it introduces certain unique features for the first time in India, viz. Link tube with articulated joints, dust avoidance and rain mode. ‘HELITRAC’ is bestowed with various features that not only makeit a unique product, but are also advantageous for end consumers. Exhibiting intelligent features like link tube with articulated joints and slew drives, it allows massive field adaptation, reducing land preparation cost. It also has a dust avoidance mode and rain mode that minimizes soiling losses and enables self-cleaning of the modules during rains respectively. With back tracking as another significant feature, the tracker keeps inter-row shading under check.

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OMICRON has developed the world’s first portable, threephase test system, which supports all common electrical tests on power transformers. Weighing just 20 kg/44 lbs, it is ideal for routine and diagnostic testing on-site and during factory acceptance tests (FAT). By using TESTRANO 600, operators can perform multiple test without rewiring. Just three cables have to be connected: One to the high-voltage side, one to the low-voltage side and one to the tap changer of the power transformer. With this common setup, transformer turns ratio, exciting current, DC winding resistance, dynamic resistance, short-circuit impedance / leakage reactance as well as frequency response of stray losses (FRSL) can be measured.

IR260 - Compact non-contact IR Thermometer Extech infrared thermometers provide non-contact, point-and-shoot temperature measurements ensuring safety and accuracy on the job. It is an ideal tool for maintenance professional for various industrial application.

October 2016

Seminars&Fairs

8th year National Expo 2016 2-4 December, 2016 Venue: BTI Ground, Raipur

The 8th Year- National Expo 2017 (steel & power) scheduled from 2-4 December at BTI Ground, Raipur. Central India’s largest Steel and Power Expo in Raipur and International platform for buyers and sellers. Steel / Power/Mining/ Cement/Construction .plants Equipments and machineries for steel plant, rolling mills sponge Iron plants and power plants .

Association (IMTMA) from 26th Jan to 1st Feb 2017 at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bengaluru, India. IMTEX 2017 will showcase the exhaustive range of innovations and technological refinements in the complete product segment of metalcutting machine tools. This exhibition attracts visitors from a wide spectrum of manufacturing and ancillary industries starting with key decision and policy makers as well as industry captains who are keen to source latest technologies and manufacturing solutions for their product lines. IMTEX 2017 has come to symbolize as a one-step forum where customers can experience ‘live’ display of the products enabling them in the decision making process to enhance their manufacturing capabilities. Imtex forming is greatly expanded fair and includes all forming technologies predominantly metals as also plastics,ceramics,,composites and excoitic materials. The twin exhibitions will create a platform for exhibitors to showcase their innovations in metal forming technologies, robotics & automation, welding & joining, wire-forming & drawing, and many more. The event will further create a networking forum for exhibitors, visitors, delegates and academia to join together for enabling the growth of manufacturing industry of India.

6th Machauto Expo 17-20 Febraury 2017 Venue: Glada Ground Chandigarh Road, Ludhiana

About Light India 2016 5-7 October 2016 Venue: Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

The Light India 2016 New Delhi is scheduled to be held from the 5 - 7 October 2016 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India. Light India being one of the largest show on lighting, has envisaged to build a great knowledge sharing and networking platform, for the passionate and enthusiastic professionals of lighting industry to work for the growth and betterment of the lighting industry in India.It brings together the largest players in the lighting industry to showcase their latest technologies and innovations. It is a must visit show of the year, which will give you insights about the fastest and most rapidly emerging trends in the industry.

Welcome to IMTEX 2017 & Tooltech 2017 26 January to Febraury 1, 2017 Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bengaluru,

IMTEX 2017 and the concurrent Tooltech 2017 exhibition is organized by Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers’

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MachAutoExpo-2017 a unique and most trustworthy Event is ready to kick start in Ludhiana from 17th to 20th February 2017 at Glada Ground Chandigarh Road Ludhiana which is going to organized by Udan Media & Communication Pvt Ltd , MachAutoExpo has been categorized as one of the Biggest Machine Tools and related products exhibition in Ludhiana the hub of all industries and Industrial capital of Punjab. The four days MachAutoExpo-2017 Exhibition will undoubtedly be a gateway to the world of opportunities. Let’s get geared for growth!

Envirotech Asia 2016 17-19 November, 2016 Venue: Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

The 3rd edition of Envirotech Asia 2016 is going to be held from 17th to 19th November 2016 at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. This Exhibition and conference is focus on Waste and Resource Efficiency, Waste and Waste Water Treatment, Pollutions Control Systems, Recycling, e-Waste, Renewable Energy. It offers unrivalled opportunities to network, which is one of the key advantages of leaving your workplace and attending a face-to-face exhibition in person.

October 2016

IEEMA Publications Name of Publication

Rates (Rs.)

DIRECTORIES IEEMA DIRECTORY 2016 [Printed + CD combined]

1500

ELECRAMA DIRECTORY 2016 [Printed + CD combined]

1000

INTELECT DIRECTORY 2015 [Printed]

100

RESEARCH REPORTS IEEMA PWC Industry Status Report -2010-2011

10000

IEEMA FTA ( Free Trade Agreements) Report

5000

IEEMA GUIDELINES IEEMA Recommendation on Technical Specification for Instrument Transformer IEEMA Surge Arrester Industry Report IEEMA Guidelines for Testing of Surge Arresters Power Transformer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Standardisation Manual

150

100 100 1000

REFERENCE VOLUMES OF IEEMA SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES Coffe Table Book

5000

SWICON 2011 [Switchgear & Control gear (CD)

2500

Swicon 2015 (Pen Drive)

2500

104

Name of Publication

Rates (Rs.)

ELROMA 2012 (Electrical Rotating Machines)

2500

CABLEWIRE 2011 ( Cables & Wires ) (Printed & Pen Drive)

2500

Metering India 2013 (Meter)

2500

Insulec 2015 (Insulating Material)

2500

Capacit 2010 (CAPACITORS) (Printed)

2500

Trafotech 2010

2500

Trafotech 2014

2500

Trafotech Compendium (1982 to 2006) (DVD)

2500

Tech IT - 2010

2500

TECH IT - 2014

2500

INSULEC COMPENDIUM (1980 To 2009) (DVD)

2500

CABLEWIRE COMPENDIUM (1983 To 2008) (DVD)

2500

ELROMA COMPENDIUM (1983 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

SWICON COMPENDIUM (1984 TO 2008) (DVD)

2500

IEEMA JOURNAL One Year Subscription

1000

Two Year Subscription

1800

Three Year Subscription

2400

October 2016