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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
“This is the story of architectual identity and it’s resistance to change” Umberto Allemandi
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
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HISTORY The Fiat Lingotto Factory H[LVWLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQ
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Turin’s Lingotto building was once one of Fiat’s major production facilities, and is one of the modern architecture’s most emblematic industrial structures. Its design was begun in 1915 by engineer MattÊ Trucco, who drew his inspiration from North American industrial architecture and employed the same methods used by Hennebique for the construction of the reinforced concrete structures at the Ford factories.
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With a volume of one million cubic metres, a length of 500 metres and a height of 5 stories, the Lingotto building was WKH ¿UVW H[PSOH RI PRGXODU UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH FRQVWUXFWLRQ based on the repetition of three elements: columns, beams and ÀRRUV 7KH ZRUNVKRSV ZHUH PDGH XS RI WZR ORQJ ORQJLWXGLQDO HOHPHQWV RI RYHU ¿YH KXQGUHG PHWUHV LQ OHQJWK WR EH XVHG IRU PDQXIDFWXULQJ WKH DXWRPRELOHV ZKLFK ZHUH MRLQHG E\ ¿YH multi-level traverse elements dedicated to the facilities for the personnel. Between 1924 and 1926, two spiral ramps were added at the ends of the long elements. This provided the DXWRPRELOHV RQ WKH JURXQG ÀRRU ZLWK GLUHFW DFFHVV WR WKH WHVW WUDFN ZKLFK ZDV ORFDWHG RQ WKH EXLOGLQJœV URRI 7KH WUDFN ZDV comprised of two straight tracts of over four hundred metres in length, which were connected by two parabolic curves that FRXOG EH WUDYHOOHG DW NP K 7KH IDFWRU\ ZDV FORVHG LQ ,Q )LDW 6 S $ DQQRXQFHG D FRPSHWLWLRQ DQG LQ FRPPLVVLRQHG WKH 5HQ]R 3LDQR %XLOGLQJ :RUNVKRS WR FRQYHUW the building from a factory into a multi-purpose centre. The project had two objectives: to revive the factory by transforming it into a multipurpose centre and to maintain its architectural identity.
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1. Wood Processing 2. Molding 3. Engine Testing 4. Industry Experience 5. Primary Processing 6. Piston Processing 7. Engine Assembly 8. Cylinder Block Machining 9. Crankshaft Assembly 10. Camshaft and Valve Assembly 11. Clutch Assembly 12. Gear Assembly 13. Electrical Equipment Machining and Assembly 14. Differential Processing 15. Rear Bridge Assembly 16. Brake Machining 17. Front Axle Assembly 18. Chassis Machning 19. Radiator Assembly 20. Galvanic Treatment 21. Test Track 22. Body Work and Finishing 23. Shell Construction 24. Leather Preparation 25. Saddling 26. Painting 27. Plating 28. Metal Assembly 29. Kiln Painting 30. Calibration 31. Bodywork Machining
IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
SITE The Fiat Lingotto Factory site condition analysis 7KH FHQWUDO ORFDWLRQ RI WKH IDFWRU\ FRPSOH[ SOD\HG D NH\ UROH LQ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR UHQRYDWH DQG WKH GHVLJQ GHFLVLRQV XQGHUWDNHQ E\ RPBW during the process. It is near to the FLW\ FHQWHU RI 7XULQ MXVW EORFNV IURP WKH po river and adjacent to a major rail line. These transportation connections played D NH\ UROH LQ WKH EXLOGLQJV IRUPHU OLIH DV D FHQWHU RI LQGXVWU\ DQG QRZ SOD\ D NH\ UROH in circulation of goods, people and ideas through the multipurpose center. Primarily surrounded by mid to high density XUEDQ KRXVLQJ WKH VLWH LV DOVR SUR[LPDO WR WKH 7RULQR 2O\PSLF 3DUN VLWH RI WKH Turin Olympics.
Context
Project
Neighborhood
Paths
By retaining it’s status as an icon of Italian industrialism and adding to it the elements of culture, congregation, and community RPBW successfully converted the identity of the original factory from production to interaction while retaining the strong ties to the collective Italian identity that the Lingotto factory has and always will embody. Emergency 2I¿FHV Education Entertainment Greens
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Uses
IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
ADAPTIVE REUSE
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The Fiat Lingotto Factory project level analysis Intervention
Circulation
Green Spaces
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1. south ramp 2. test track 3. heliport 4. the globe 5. auditorium and conference center 6. garden 7. meridian Hotel 8. dental school 9. residences 10. north ramp 11. polytechnic school
IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
PRESENT The Fiat Lingotto Factory Culminating Interventions 7KH EXLOGLQJœV H[WHULRU UHPDLQV ODUJHO\ XQDOWHUHG EXW LWV LQWHULRU ZDV FRPSOHWHO\ PRGL¿HG LQ RUGHU WR DFFRPPRGDWH DQ H[KLELWLRQ centre, a conference centre and auditorium, two hotels, RI¿FHV DQG UHWDLO VSDFH ,Q )LDW JURXSœV PDQDJHPHQW KHDGTXDUWHUV UHWXUQHG WR WKH RI¿FH EORFN ,Q 7XULQ Polytechnic’s automotive engineering department was also installed in the building. 7KH /LQJRWWR EXLOGLQJ ZDV WKH ¿UVW SURMHFW LQ ZKLFK 53%: systematically addressed the theme of urban space. Through a lengthy restructuring process, the factory was divided into various functions: commercial spaces, dwellings and hotels, with precedence being given to cultural use. While the VWUXFWXUHœV H[WHUQDO DVSHFW UHPDLQHG XQDOWHUHG LWV LQWHULRU ZDV GUDVWLFDOO\ PRGL¿HG LQ RUGHU WR PHHW WKHVH QHZ UHTXLUHPHQWV The conversion process was carried out in three consecutive phases, from 1991 to 2003: each completed area was rendered RSHUDWLRQDO ZLWKRXW DZDLWLQJ WKH ¿QDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH HQWLUH SURMHFW ,Q WKLV PDQQHU WKH H[KLELWLRQ FHQWUH ZDV LQDXJXUDWHG LQ followed by a conference centre and an auditorium in 1994, D KRWHO LQ D VHUYLFH FHQWUH VHYHUDO RI¿FHV DQG DQ DUHD devoted entirely to commercial spaces in 2002, and another KRWHO LQ ,Q )LDW JURXSœV PDQDJHPHQW KHDGTXDUWHUV UHWXUQHG WR WKH RI¿FH EORFN 7KH KHDGTXDUWHUV RI WKH Polytechnic, which offered a degree in automotive engineering, was inaugurated in 2002, as was the Picture Gallery. The ZRUNVLWH UHPDLQHG RSHQ IRU D WRWDO RI \HDUV 6RPH RI WKH FRPSOH[œV DUFKLWHFWXUDO HOHPHQWV LQFOXGH 7KH ³%XEEOH´ D completely transparent meeting room on the roof of the Lingotto EXLOGLQJ DERYH WKH WHVW WUDFN ,W KDV DQ DUHD RI VTXDUH PHWUHV D GLDPHWHU RI PHWUHV DQG D KHLJKW RI PHWUHV 6RXUFH 53%: IRQGD]LRQHUHQ]RSLDQR RUJ
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014 Brininstool / Metter
“A guideline for town planning... one of the most impressive sights in industry� Le Corbusier 6
IIT College of Architecture MArch 543 Re - Thin ing Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
TATE MODERN Bankside, London SE1, England Herzog & de Meuron Tate Modern locates in London. It is one of the most famous modern art gallery in the world, with around 4.7 million visitors per year. However, the most attractive thing is that this museum is based in the former Bankside Power Station. There are four parts of Tate group(Tate Britain,Tate Liverpool,Tate Stlves,Tate online). The previous power station was built in 1947.With the new energy appeared at that time, this old power station waste of resources. Therefore, the government decided to close it in 1981. In 1992, the Tate Gallery proposed to renovate this power station instead of demolishing it. Herzog and de Meuron won the competition of this project. They keep the old facade and the big chimney which catches vistors’ eyes once we approaching there, and this chimney also represents the old power station. Meanwhile, they add the new translucent material in the facade in order to let plenty light comes through. Inside the building, Herzog and de Meuron also add the new structural system. On the other hand, the most interesting part of this project is that Herzog and de Meuron add a new part in this architecture, which UHÀHFW WKH ROG SRZHU VWDWLRQ DQG LV VWLOO SURFHVVLQJ
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SE TION NA E HERE
Tate museum
Tate Britain Main entrance
Millennium Bridge
Site plan
,ANDMARK AND TRAFlC
Circulation
Green spaces
Main station
River Thames
The yellow areas show the high density of this site, and they correspond to the London high density downtown areas.
4HE GREEN LINES SHOW THE TRAFlC LINES IN the site. There are two main stations near Tate Modern Museum.
Millennium Bridge
Four entrances that locate in different directions of the Tate museum. The main entrance faces to the River Thames, and it is connected by Millennium Bridge
Green spaces in this site mainly locate in front of the main entrance. 3
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TATE MODERN building scale Power Station: architect: Sir Giles Gilbert Scott year: 1947 - 1963 closes: October 1981 Tate Modern: architect: Herzog + de Mueron \HDU 多QLVKHG 0D\
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
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OTHER CASES Kang, Yang Yang, Yang
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
PONTE VECCHIO The Old Bridge Location: Florence, Italy 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH VHYHQWHHQWK FHQWXU\ 7XUQLQJ D 0HGLHYDO VWRQH EULGJH LQWR D FRPPHUFLDO street without losing the bridge’s original features, WKH VKRSV WKDW EXLOW DORQJ WKH EULGJH DUH YHU\ JRRG H[DPSOHV RI UHFRQVWUXFWHG DQG UHGH¿QHG VWUXFWXUHV ,W LV EHOLHYHG WKDW WKH EULGJH ZDV ¿UVW EXLOW LQ 5RPDQ WLPHV DQG ZDV UHEXLOW VHYHUDO WLPHV GXHO WR ÀRRG GDPDJHV
FUNDIDORA PARK Public Park Location: East of Monterrey, Mexico 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH Fundidora park used to be Monterray Stell )RXQGU\ &RPSDQ\ ZKLFK ZDV IRXQGHG LQ DQG EDQNUXSWHG LQ ,Q LW ZDV UHVWRUHG by Fundidora Escrow, and became a park of 142 KHFWDUHV ZLWK PXVHXPV DQG FXOWXUDO YHQXHV 7KH silos are remained as historical patrimony.
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MASS MOCA 3ULYDWH 0XVHXP RI $UW Location: North Adam, Massachusetts 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH Architect: MVRDV After the Sprague Electric Company closed in GXHO WR JOREDO FKDQJHV LQ LQGXVWU\ D JURXS of staff from the nearby WCMOA tried to display their art works in the abandoned buildings. Shortly after that, the structure was redecorated and its VSDFH ZDV UHRUJDQL]HG
LE VIADUC DES ARTS Galleries Location: Paris, France 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH Architect: Patrick Berge 7KH YLDGXFW ZKLFK ZDV FDUU\LQJ UDLOZD\V RI WUDLQ OLQH ZDV EXLOW LQ $V LW OLQNV WR RQH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW SURMHFWV IRU WKH UHYLWDOL]DWLRQ RI (DVW QHLJKERXUKRRGV RI 3DULV WKH YLDGXFW ZDV reconstructed into galleries by using spaces XQGHU LWV YDXOWV
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
POWER STATION OF ART Museum of Art Location: Shanghai, China 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH a Architect: Zhang Min, Zhang Zi 7KLV ROG SRZHU VWDWLRQ ZLWK D P KLJK FKLPQH\ ZDV EXLOW LQ DQG ZDV WKHQ EHHQ OHIW DEDQGRQHG DIWHU %\ RSSRWXQLW\ RI UHFRQVWUXFWH ZKLFK ZDV JLYHQ E\ (;32 multiple components were added to the station DQG PDGH LW D PXVHXP ZLWK ÀH[LEOH VSDFH
CAIXAFORUM Museum Location: Heart of the city’s culture district, Madrid 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH Transform dismantled an original not important JDV VWDWLRQ PDNH WKH H[KLELWLRQ VSDFH DERYH WKH exist plan for caixaforum museum.And 24 meters KLJK YHUWLFDO JDUGHQV ZKLFK RFFXSLHV D ZKROH ZDOO connect the new components to the original old one.
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FRØSILO Gemini Residence Location: Copenhagen, Denmark 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH a Architect: MVRDV The two cylindrical structures were seed silos of 'DQLVK 6R\EHDQ )DFWRU\ VLQFH DQG ZHUH reconstructed into one residencial building after WKH IDFWRU\ ZDV VHDOHG ,W KDYH WZR IXWXULVWLF DWULXP DQG SDQRUDPLF YLHZV IRU HDFK ÀDW
SEATTLE GASWORK Public Park Location: Seattle, Washinton 7LPH RI UHGH¿QH a Architect: Richard Haag The gas plant was bought by the City of Seattle IRU SDUN SXUSRVH LQ VL[ \HDU DIWHU WKH SODQW ZDV VKXW GRZQ 1RZ LW KDV EHFRPH WKH ¿UVW reconstruction of the park in form of recycling in WKH ZRUOG DQG SURYLGH D DFUHV SXEOLF VSDFH with its remained plant.
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FINAL PRESENTATION - MODELS
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PRECEDENT ANALYSIS Building Typology Adaptive Reuse
THE ZOLLVEREIN IN ESSEN Yichao Shi Rong He
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
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SECTION NAME HERE
ZOLLVEREIN IN ESSEN The history of Zollverein The reborn of Zollverein as an art center The Zollverein or German Customs Union was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories organised by the 1833 Zollverein treaties. The first coal mine on the premises was founded in 1847, mining activities took place from 1851 until December 23, 1986. For decades starting in the late 1950s, the two parts of the site, Zollverein Coal Mine and Zollverein Coking Plant (erected 1957-1961, closed on June 30, 1993), ranked among the largest of their kinds in Europe. Shaft 12, built in Bauhaus style, was opened in 1932 and is considered an architectural and technical masterpiece, earning it a reputation as the “most beautiful coal mine in the world”
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declared both the sites of the shafts 12 and 1/2 and the cokery a World Heritage Site. Largest Exhibition of Contemporary Design The Red Dot Design Museum is recognized as the world’s largest exhibition of contemporary design in the midst of the breathtaking architecture of the former Zollverein Coal Mine. In the mid 90s, the boiler house was masterfully converted into a museum for design according to plans by Lord Norman Foster. Today, visitors can walk on walkways and stairs in the former Stoker’s Hall and discover more than 2,000 red-dot award-winning products in the middle of the former brick-lined boilers.
As with most sites of the heavy industries that had been closed down, Zollverein was predicted to face a period of decay. Surprisingly, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) bought the coal mine territory from the RAG immediately after it had been closed down in late 1986, and declared shaft 12 a heritage site. This went along with the obligation to preserve the site in its original state and to minimize the effects of weathering. In 1989, the city of Essen and NRW founded the Bauhütte Zollverein Schacht XII that should take care for the site and which was replaced by the Stiftung Zollverein (Zollverein Foundation) in 1998. On its 25th session in December 2001, the United
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
EXISTING CONDITIONS SHAFT XII SYMBOL OF ZOLLVEREIN Location: Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex Use: Mining Facilities Architects: Fritz Schupp & Martin Kremmer The Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex is one of the most impressive industrial monuments on the SODQHW 2QFH FRQWDLQLQJ ¿YH SLWV DQ XQGHUJURXQG IDFLOLW\ D FHQWUDO FRNLQJ SODQW SLW KHDSV WUDI¿F LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG ZRUNHUV¶ KRXVLQJ EHWZHHQ DQG =ROOYHUHLQ ZDV WKH ODUJHVW DQG PRVW modern coal mine in the world. As well as the exceptional size of the Zollverein LQGXVWULDO FRPSOH[ LWV DUFKLWHFWXUH LV DOVR KXJHO\ VLJQL¿FDQW DQG RI H[WUDRUGLQDU\ YDOXH LQVSLUHG E\ WKH VW\OH RI %DXKDXV DUFKLWHFWV )ULW] 6FKXSS DQG 0DUWLQ .UHPPHU EXLOW D XQLTXH IDFLOLW\ ZLWK WKH SODQW¶V EXLOGLQJV ODLG RXW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SULQFLSOHV RI V\PPHWU\ DQG JHRPHWU\ 7KH =ROOYHUHLQ FRPSOH[¶V twin-trestle winding tower is the most famous HPEOHP RI WKH 5XKU GLVWULFW DQG D V\PERO IRU WKH industrial culture of an entire region. The Zollverein FRDO PLQH LV DQ DQFKRU SRLQW RQ WKH (XURSHDQ 5RXWH of Industrial Heritage. The Zollverein memorial trail is a particularly LPSUHVVLYH ZD\ WR ORRN EDFN DW OLIH DQG ZRUN LQ WKH coal mines.
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Original Master Plan
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HISTORY BETWEEN 1847 ~ 1890------ FOUNDING Zollverein Coal Mine was founded by industrialist Franz Haniel, who needed coke for steel production. Starting in 1857, charcoal piles were used to produce coke. In 1880, sinking of another shaft 3 began in neighboring Schonnebeck. By 1890, the three shafts already had an output of 1 million tons, placing Zollverein on top of all German mines.
BETWEEN 1890 - 1932 ------ EXPANDING ǡ ƪ late 19th, early 20th centuries, the mine was heavily extended. By 1897, Zollverein had to resolve these problems of under mine accidents , additional maily ventilation-only shafts were opened near the already existing ones. What followed were years of continuous renovation and further expansion. In 1920, the Haniel family, who had been the owners of Zollverein until then, started cooperating with Phönix AG, a mining company that subsequently took over the management of the site. The shaft’s characteristic Doppelbock winding tower in the following years did not only become the archetype of many later central mining facilities but became a symbol of the German heavy industry. BETWEEN 1932 - 1993------ DECLINING Zollverein survived the Second World War with only minor damages and by 1953 again placed on top of all German mines. These renovations however, were only to last until 1967, when 11 shafts were closed, leaving shaft 12 the only open one. RAG began a further mechanization and consolidation of the mining activities. In 1974, Zollverein was joined into aVerbundberkwerk (joined mines). When it closed, Zollverein was the last remaining active coal mine in Essen. Although it is the central shaft of the Cultural Heritage site, Shaft XII cannot be visited as it continues being used as the water drainage for the central Ruhr area.
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
SITE SCALE
OEWERBE PARK NORD -EAST
what is new here? Location:Gelsenkirchener StraĂ&#x;e 181 45309 Essen
PERFORMANCE MONTAMINATION
ART HALDE
DESIGN CENTER
Use: culture center consisted of museums and art Reasons for program change: 1) The famous Ruhrgebiet lost the driving force after the mines been shut down 2)The authorities did not know what to do with this site. The princple of new design :respects the site original identity What they put to the site: A band around the historic site New road and extension of an existing highway through a tunnel New building which will contain many funcitions--art and culture New band inside old buildings with new funcitons What they do to the old : Rail tracks being maintained as public space and connected main buildings Sky bridges for transporting coal will open as a tour way to visitors Maintain their grandeur and impact
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OEWERBE PARK SOUTH-WEST
FINAL PRESENTATION - MODELS
The analysis of Site 1.A new band around histroic site A new band is built around histroic site to connect the whole space.Through grass,road and pedestrain,old building and new building New band Main buildings
New buildings & old uildings Most of the old buildings are remained and being protected as their original.The new buildings show their respect to the heritages and maintain their grandeur and impact to the site. New buildings
Reform as museum
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Reform as restaurant
New roads,park lot and green space Ƥ ǡ site plan designed a lot of green space all around the buildings.New road and extension of an existing highway through a tunnel makes much more convient. Old roads New roads Green space Park lot
KEY 1. Ipsem Lorem 2. Ipsem Lorem 9
IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
New band to connect surroundings The boundray of site The nebghborhood relationship between the buildings inside the site and them outside.
Existing Builings
Commercial Builings
Public Facilities
Museum
Residence
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Main road Railway train Old train track Road inside site Railway Station Main entrance
Road conditions
Green space Park lot
surrouding
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IIT College of Architecture / MArch 543 / Re - Thinking Metropolis - Neighborhood. FALL 2014
PROJECT SCALE REDDOT DESIGN MUSEUM Zeche Zollverein near Essen is a redundant early-twentiethcentury coal-mining complex designed on a colossal scale. Once the largest shaft system in the Ruhr area, it was decommissioned in 1986 when coal production became uneconomic. In an imaginative leap of faith, it was decided to reuse the site as a cultural centre and to transform the old powerhouse - a masterpiece of industrial archaeology - into the home of an arts centre for the promotion of contemporary design in Germany and abroad. The challenge throughout the design of the new centre was to adapt this heroic building without fundamentally altering its character. The first step was one of conservation, restoring the building’s facade and removing a number of later additions to reveal its original form. Inside, the heavy industrial feel of the building was maintained, with one of the five original boilers preserved as an example of 1930s technology. The remaining boilers were hollowed out to house independently supported galleries, which are articulated as ‘boxes within a box’, their lightness juxtaposed with the heaviness of the original fabric. A simple concrete cube contains conference rooms as well as further flexible exhibition spaces, able to be constantly updated in line with the shifting temporary and permanent collections.
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