The
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Eindhoven can be seen as one of the top smart cities in the Netherlands. If you pay attention while you are cycling or walking through the city, you will notice all kinds of innovative technologies hidden in the public environment. An example is the smart traffic lights which display the waiting time. All those technologies give Eindhoven its innovative atmosphere which inspires people to improve their environment. Still, we as a city can learn a lot from other smart cities. If you look at our infrastructure, it is very chaotic and illogical . This time we have a lot of interesting articles, which all highlight different aspects of a smart city. On page 18, CĂŠcile explains all the innovating technologies implemented in Atlas. Also Peter Ruijten dives into the sustainability of Atlas in his column on page 13. Something you should check out is the first collaboration article of the Intermania. Together with Chepos, yes I spelled it right, we looked into the psychology present in architecture. This can be found on page 41-44. Besides the theme articles, multiple Intermate members created some awesome
the
Future
articles. The BorrelCie, page 7, share with you their love for KETEL 1. Moreover, Pintermate came with an article which helps you to identify your beer. Their beerflow chart on page 10-11 is definitely worth checking. Finally, we as the Intermania would like to welcome our newest members; Lotte, Emma, Tom and Lars. We wish them all an exciting experience in the committee! Unfortunately, we also have to say goodbye to two committee members. Colin and Manon will leave us after the release of this edition. We thank you for all the hard work and wish you well! Enjoy reading this Intermania!
Table of contents Introduction to Dionysos The new board introduces herself.
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Borrellegende: KETEL 1
7*
Too Good To Go
9
Impulse Day Excursion
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Cartoon
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In het Midden
26
Studentteam - Blue Jay
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My Smart City - Column Emma
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Bierflowkaart
10*
Een Bericht uit Oostenrijk
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Opt-INtermania Do not forget to opt-in for next year!
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Hitchhiking competition to Aarhus Trust in Model-Based Advice
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Vacation Bingo
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Sneak Review - Dadawan
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Intermania Rates
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Theme: SMart cities Future City Designers
*Dutch Articles
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The ‘Smart’ in Smart Technology
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smArTLAS
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How Smart is Your City?
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Green Spaces in Cities
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33 Masdar: City of the Future A city in progress, promising to offer the best quality of life possible Questions for Smart Cities
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Smart City or Clever People?
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When Architecture Meets Psychology 41
Agriculture of the Future
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Smart Electricity Production
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Intermania
Table of contents
“...the go-to solution is to do things in a ‘smart’ way” - Gido, p. 39 14.
33.
18.
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Colophon Intermania is the magazine of study association Intermate, home to the bachelor’s and master’s programs of the department Innovation Sciences at Eindhoven University of Technology. The Intermania is released four times a year, with a total of 350 prints. Members of Intermate can opt-in if they want to receive their own print.
Content for the Intermania may be submitted in consultation with the editors. The editorial staff shall not be liable for any consequences arising from its content and reserves the right to, without notice, amend or not publish any submitted content. Articles may only be redistributed with permission of the editorial staff.
Study Association Intermate Address: Den Dolech 2, IPO 0.74 Postbus 513, 5600MB Eindhoven Phone: (040) 247 44 30 Website: www.intermate.nl E-mail: board@intermate.nl Advertisements: external@intermate.nl
Intermania Chief Editor: Michelle van Ardenne Editorial Staff: Cécile Geertman, Colin de Bruin, Evie Tossaint, Isabel Blijenburg, Lotte van Dijk, Manon van Hastenberg, Marit Loonen, Tom de Rijk E-mail: intermania@ieis.tue.nl Online version: issuu.com/intermania Printer: Drukkerij Snep
June 2019
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Board
Introduction to Dionysos It was May the 20th around 11 pm when we could finally call ourselves the new board of Intermate. We all feel great to be able to properly present our name and logo, and on top of that show off how good we look in suits. Tet & Images: Dionysos, The 36th Board of s.v. Intermate
It especially felt nice after weeks of being ((kandi-)kandi-)kandis. After two days of being busy with a General Meeting and a Wednesday full of organizing and settling down, it was time for our very first Thursday drink, the Prozac borreltocht. On the one hand, it was nice as you see and meet a lot of new people and also to show the Internaat to others, such as kandi’s from other associations. But on the other hand, it was unfortunate as a drink with the members of Intermate is much more fun and costs slightly less energy. This was basically the first week of Dionysos, the 36th board of Intermate: hectic but with lots of fun, and hopefully, it will be like that the whole year around. We will do our very best to improve, and keep Intermate going in the right direction.
Lars de Hamer - Chairman I will do my utter best to make the best out of the upcoming year and have loads of fun with everyone at Intermate. My biggest task will probably be keeping myself and my fellow board members under control. Sander Lintzen Commissioner of Education During my board year, I will try to represent Innovation Sciences students as best as possible. I will be in close contact with the department, but also the university. If you have any questions or comments regarding education, feel free to talk to me about it!
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Intermania
The last couple of months we have been very busy with writing our policy for Intermate and determining what we want to achieve and do. We are really excited to set these plans in action and will shortly mention the highlights.
two bachelors are officially registered as only one. Because of this, the departmental board wants to register Psychology & Technology as its own bachelor study. Sander will be busy helping the departmental board with, for example, providing input.
Mick Ceelen - Secretary In the upcoming year, I will be taking up the wonderful tasks of secretary and BorrelCie treasurer. Next to sending emails and bookkeeping, I also hope to have a lot of fun this year. I want to have some time left to do sports, in order to prevent the “bestuurskilo’s”. Educational Policy The coming year will be a busy one in Education Land! Sander, Commissioner of Education, will mainly be busy with a couple of things: preparing Psychology & Technology to become a study program registered on its own, organizing some activities, and reforming the Educational Affairs Organ (EAO). The influx of students who choose one of our studies, Psychology & Technology or Sustainable Innovation, is ever-increasing. However, the departmental board cannot put a cap on one of either studies, because the June 2019
Next to this, Sander will organize a number of educational events: a speed date event for freshmen to get more familiar with the choices of their tracks and courses. Choice supporting activities for senior students to help them choose, for example, their Bachelor End Project, are also in the making. Another big task for the commissioner of education will be to reform the Educational Affairs organ to fit its newly chosen name. The board supporting organ will help Sander provide teachers and several educational groups within the department with feedback from the students. 5
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Board David de Hamer - Treaserer The coming year, I will try to flourish in my role as treasurer and help Intermate grow to a better association. With all big tasks and challenges ahead, I am sure that I will learn a lot and besides learning have a lot of fun with my fellow board members and with the members of Intermate. Fabian Bekker - Commissioner of External Affairs This year, I will try to make sure all the companies I will visit will see the value of our studies! Besides my function, I am really looking forward to organizing fun events with InterT.E.A.M. and of course organizing the After-Intro and Wintermate! My goal will be to enjoy most of my board year! Internal Policy We will skip the basic elements, such as new members registration, as all of this mumbo jumbo will remain the same as the previous years. One of the things we value is making sure that Intermate has a living room atmosphere just like we had in the beloved IPO building. It will not be able to completely copy this vibe but with all the members of Intermate it will always be “gezellig�. As almost every student, we too do like a nice party, and hope to organize some fun activities during the holidays. Furthermore, we would like to celebrate your birthdays, thus we will make sure that every active member of Intermate gets a nice birthday card and a free drink at the Internaat! These cards will also be sent to our freshman to make them feel welcomed and hope to get them more involved. This increased involvement will also try to be done through an extra General Meeting that will especially be organized for freshmen and increase Intermates social media presence. Then to ensure that the activities of Intermate 6
stay of high quality we want to implement a quality > quantity policy and adjust the total amount of activities Intermate organizes. This will hopefully result in nice and fun activities with loads of participants. Lastly, all five of us value sustainability and hope to implement more sustainable measurements within Intermate! External Policy Fabian will try to organize the most amazing career activities and get the coolest companies to visit the Internaat. He is looking forward to going to visit the companies and wondering which company has the fanciest building. The target this year will be to match the target of last year, which was â‚Ź15.000,-. But this is not his only target, as a proud Sustainable Innovation student, he would like to see study directions which are less represented in our company base better represented in the acquisition of new companies. In this way he will try to make are a broader base of students interested in career activities! Intermania
BorrelCie
Borrellegende
Deze keer staat er geen speciaalbier in de spotlight, maar is het podium voor een heuse destillatie van eigen bodem. Bart en Bert praten je bij over de geschiedenis van het legendarische en verbroederende KETEL 1. Tekst: Bart van de Wetering en Bert van Gestel
Hoewel we doorgaans schrijven over het verleden van speciaalbiertjes, leek het ons een goed moment om eens een blik te werpen op het verdere aanbod van de BorrelCie. In deze editie willen we u, trouwe lezer, verwennen met een verhaal over iets wat misschien wel het meest legendarische drankje is dat achter de bar te vinden is. Dit is het verhaal van KETEL 1. In 1691 richtte Joannes Nolet de Jeneverstokerij Nolet op in Schiedam. In zijn dagboeken schreef hij over zijn onvermoeibare experimenten met kruiden en specerijen. Deze liet hij na aan zijn zoon en deze kennis is nog steeds de basis van de jenever van nu. Inmiddels is de 10e generatie Nolet aan het roer maar is er weinig veranderd binnen de stokerij. Na 3 keer een Jacobus en 5 keer een Joannes als eigenaar is het sinds 1979 Carolus die de leiding heeft. Onder zijn bewind is de stokerij hernoemd tot KETEL 1, naar de oudste, actieve distilleerketel van Schiedam. Deze oude, koperen ketel is een erg belangrijke factor voor de specifieke smaak. Naast de kruidenmelange is het vuur onder de ketels erg belangrijk. Te laag vuur betekend geen distilleerproces en te hoog vuur zorgt voor het verdwijnen van de aroma’s die KETEL 1 juist zo bijzonder maken. Daarom is er een heuse ‘meesterstoker’ die het secure werk continu aandacht geeft. Naast het puur nippen van de KETEL 1 jenever (bah) wordt de jenever vaak gebruikt om te mixen. Veelvoorkomende mixen zijn die met cassis, ginger ale of met bitter lemon, frisdranken die allemaal niet in de Intermate koelkasten staan. De frisse fruitsmaken June 2019
combineren erg goed met de zacht fluwelen smaak van KETEL 1 jenever. Tegenwoordig is er ook een variant op de Irish koffie met KETEL 1 Matuur (oude jenever) als basis. Samen met wat bruine suiker, koffie en slagroom vormt het geheel de ‘Dutch koffie’ (en mensen vinden het nog werkelijk lekker ook). Als lid van de familie Nolet is Joshua natuurlijk ook vaak bezig met het maken van cocktails met KETEL 1. Joshua, beter bekend als de frontman van Chef’Special, heeft door zijn band met de jeneverstokerij de ‘Chef’Special Mule’ gecreëerd. Deze beschrijft hij zelf als “pretty damn fresh”. Wij van de BorrelCie willen onze lieve klanten kennis laten maken met een zo breed mogelijk scala aan smaken, waaronder dus ook de verrukkelijke KETEL 1 die we graag aandragen wanneer iemand op zoek is naar een reeds verrassend drankje. We genieten ten zeerste van alle gelukkige gezichten die worden voltrokken na een zinderend shotje puur genot. Daarnaast wordt KETEL 1 vaak gebruikt ter viering van broederschap, omdat het de perfecte manier is om mensen samen te brengen. Kijk alleen uit wanneer je Bas Gremmen met een fles rond ziet lopen want hij maakt geen grappen… 7
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IntroCie
Future City Designers New students are coming to Eindhoven in the summer for their introduction week. Joost from the IntroCie will tell you all about the fun and amazing week they have planned for all the new students. Text & Images: Joost Sanderink, IntroCie member
Hundreds of students who will influence the Smart City of tomorrow are coming to Intermate in August. They will experience the best, most exciting and fun week of their student time! The kick start they are going to get, will inspire them into their future careers as designers of the cities and lives of the future. To gain experience on how the wonderful city of Eindhoven works, they will be guided by their parents who (coincidentally) are also designers of the future city. All the highlights they need to know will be included. The booming center in the life of a future genius is, of course, Intermate. This will be their solid base to build on for the rest of the week. By building up their Maslow’s student-pyramid they will further explore the faculty and the campus. A business case will challenge them and will give a sneak peak of their astronomical potential. Flying sky high
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at Stratum during the parties will top the experience of day one. Later in the introduction week they will explore Eindhoven more and more, getting to know the various associations and possibilities to fill their free time here in Eindhoven. Special attention will be payed to the CITY tour as getting to know the city and its inhabitants will be the most important thing to do during the introduction week. The ultimate highlight will, of course, be the Thursday night, where all the future engineers will shine at their brightest and perform at their maximum potential. We will hope to see you all during the introduction week to give advice on how to be a good student to all the new Sjaars. The introduction week will prepare them towards their lives as (probable) designers of the future city. Sounds difficult right? But in the end it is not rocket science. :)
Intermania
KookCie
Too Good To Go
Christian has written a piece while keeping the theme of this edition of the Intermania in mind. He will show you that the KookCie definitely can be associated with the Smart Cities of the future. Text: Christian van Erp, Chairman of the KookCie
As the chairman of the KookCie, I was asked to write a piece combining Smart Cities with the KookCie. At first glance I thought Smart Cities and the KookCie were hard to combine, but when you look at the bigger picture, namely food and cooking, I think the two themes fit together well. Let me first explain what the KookCie does: at Intermate the KookCie provides the service of cooking a delicious, healthy and inexpensive meal for all the participants of a certain activity. The hardest part of making such a meal for 40 people is to get the right amount of food. You do not want to have people who are still hungry, so often we buy a little more , just to be sure. If we have left-overs we try to conserve them in the fridge but when it is too much, this is impossible, so we must throw it away. This is where the Smart City idea comes in. I envision a future where there will be a working online platform for
leftovers. Certainly, in a student city like Eindhoven, where students live who do not really care what they eat as long as it is cheap and sufficient. On this platform restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, and other businesses where a lot of good food is thrown away, can offer this food for a small price. It is a win-win situation as poor families or students can buy cheap food which would otherwise be thrown away and the businesses get extra revenue of what otherwise would be called waste.
“I envision a future where there will be a working online platform for leftovers� There already exist apps with this exact idea, like Too Good To Go. I have tried this app but soon I found out that the offer of food was too low and that the prices were relatively high. So, there has to be more marketing from the app itself to get additional users and restaurants who provide food. Furthermore, there should be some sort of verification that restaurants do not use the platform as an extra sales channel, but only sell food which would otherwise be thrown away.
June 2019
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Studying Abroad
Een Bericht uit Oostenrijk Teun Timmermans is voor zijn master naar Oostenrijk afgereisd. Hierbij laat hij jullie weten welke Nederlandse gebruiken hij mist en welke Oostenrijkse kenmerken hij gaat missen. Tekst: Teun Timmermans
Na 4 maanden begint het einde van mijn tijd in Oostenrijk in zicht te komen en ik begin steeds meer zin te krijgen om terug naar huis te gaan. Het zijn vooral kleine dingen die ik van Nederland mis, maar al die kleine dingentjes samen vormen toch wel een gevoel van heimwee. Zo eet men hier voornamelijk uit de Oostenrijkse keuken en die bestaat voornamelijk uit een groot stuk vlees met wat groenten. Het smaakt natuurlijk goed, maar zo nu en dan zou ik ook wel bepaalde cuisine uit andere landen willen eten. Kortom, ik mis het koken uit een pakje.
“Kortom ik mis het koken uit een pakje”
is een van de weinige landen waar mensen nog binnen mogen roken en daar maken de inwoners goed gebruik van. Desondanks al deze problemen heb ik het hier wel ongelofelijk naar mijn zin. Er zijn dan ook een hoop aspecten van Oostenrijk die ik ga missen. Een van de dingen is het landschap en de omgeving. Linz is een stad met ongelofelijk veel groen en als ik een eindje ga lopen kom ik op prachtige landweggetjes terecht. Ik ben ook erg te spreken over de Oostenrijkers zelf, ze zijn erg gezellig en in tegenstelling tot de Duitsers hebben ze wel een gevoel voor humor. Hierdoor is het makkelijk om een praatje met een onbekend persoon te maken. Al met al ben ik wel een beetje verliefd geworden op Oostenrijk en haar inwoners. Ik voel me hier goed op mijn plek en ik kom hier graag vaker terug, maar ik ben ook wel weer blij dat ik over een maandje weer in Nederland ben.
Het uitgaan hier is ook niet alles, het bier is hier vooral smakeloos pils of een Weitzen. Voor speciaalbier is een tramritje van een half uur nodig en dan krijg je alsnog alleen maar de standaard opties. Ook wordt de Nederlandse frituurcultuur erg door mij gemist. De late night snacks die hier worden aangeboden bestaan uit slechts 3 mogelijkheden en geen van allen tippen aan een frikandel speciaal (iets waarvoor ik nu wel een moord wil plegen). Als ik na zo’n nacht uitgaan weer mijn ogen open, word ik er gelijk weer aan herinnerd dat ik mijn kleren weer mag wassen. Oostenrijk 12
Intermania
Peter Ruijten
The ‘Smart’ in Smart Technologies In 2019, many new technologies are given the label ‘smart’. A few examples are smart offices, smart lighting, and smart locks. How smart are these ‘smart’ technologies really? Our new Atlas building is a great melting pot of smart technologies. The offices are smart, because they are flexible. Anyone can work anywhere at any time. More people fit in a smaller space, and at the same time interactions are encouraged. Many of my colleagues struggle with this concept, because it has become harder to do focused work. The consequence of these smart offices is that people prefer to do focused work at home, and they have fewer interactions with colleagues. The lighting system is smart, because it only turns on in spaces where people are physically present. Sensors are however placed at the edges of rooms, and as a consequence the light in any room (including the toilet) could turn off after several minutes, even when people are there. And the smartest of all systems are the smart door locks that can be conveniently opened by using our campus cards. As a security measure, the code on the card is only valid for 24 hours, so people need to reactivate their campus card every morning. The reason for this security measure is that, if a card is lost, a person with bad intentions cannot open the offices. Unless that person activates the code themselves, making the security measure completely useless. All these so-called smart technologies have clearly been designed without any knowledge of or input from its end users. In my view, this makes them unworthy of the label ‘smart’. Maybe 2020 will bring us technologies with a better label: ‘usable’. I like to dream of a future with usable offices where people can properly do their work, usable lighting that understands when and how to turn on and usable locks off, and that respond to the right person. A future designed by us, with us, and for us. Now if you’ll excuse me, I have to go wave at my light sensor. June 2019
“Our new Atlas building is a great melting pot of smart technologies. ” –Peter
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LiftCie
Hitchhiking competition to Aarhus Every year, the LiftCie organizes a hitchhike competition to a unknown location somewhere in Europa. This year, each team had to travel to Aarhus, Denmark. Martje and Toby will tell you all about it. Text & Images: Martje Wijnen, Member of the LiftCie Committee
We arrived first (one minute before Meie and Thijs) and left Eindhoven with an artist called Rogier Walrecht after 25 minutes. Another group had a ride with the photographer of Armin van Buuren, Marco Borsato and Kensington. Rogier drove us with his little van to the gas station between Oss and Nijmegen. When we arrived, only one van was waiting at the gas station. The driver turned out to be from Vejle in Denmark. He fled from Bosnia to Denmark when he was 10 years old. He
he sometimes could not keep his eye on the road. After a while, we made a stop at a giga store in Germany right before the boarder to buy a crate of beer and some wine. The driver eventually gave us a small tour in his home town, Vejle [Wijle], and we saw the beautiful house of the Lego family. In Vejle, we had our third ride to Aarhus with an ex-soldier who told us about his helicopter experiences in America. He had seen a lot of beautiful places which he told about in his van. He dropped
“We found out that the water was freezing after having – Martje jumped of the pier one by one” told us about the war and the mafia that brought his family to Denmark. He is a real social butterfly and, as such, he kept talking and telling stories. He talked for nearly three hours about the Islam and Judgement Day, but also about his hash addiction and his drunk stories. Since he left Paris at 1 AM after a night out and because of his enthusiasm,
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us at some kind of fun fair in Aarhus. Our last ride was with a young couple who went shopping for the baby room. Only three couples arrived before 19.00 o’clock on the camping. Most groups made it the first day although some got stuck either in the Netherlands or in Germany. One group stayed in Hamburg for the weekend and one for only one night, two groups went back to Eindhoven and one group took the Flixbus at night from Hannover to Aarhus. The camping was located by the sea, so with the people that arrived on day one we went for a swim and found a nice and warm little house on the camping where we had some beers. This was the perfect opportunity to share all the experiences and stories. One of the stories was that Bas and Alex got offered a car to drive directly to Intermania
LiftCie Aarhus, already during their first ride from Eindhoven to Apeldoorn. The young driver was into cars and had studied mechanical engineering and had two cars. One of these cars could drive so economically that they could borrow it to drive to Aarhus and back without paying for the petrol. Unfortunately, the guy remembered that he had to use both his cars that weekend. The next morning breakfast was bought as usual. Everyone was very happy because the sun was shining, even though the forecast for the weekend was 17 degrees Celsius and rain every day. Some people got really enthusiastic about the weather and wanted to swim in the sea. The sun was nice and warm, but the water of the sea was about 8 degrees Celsius. We found out that the water was freezing after having jumped of the pier one by one, so nobody stayed in for longer than 10 seconds except for Bert and Rodger. After the swim we had a city tour in Aarhus organized by the committee. We have seen the highlights of this beautiful city and chilled at the botanical gardens. We had dinner with the whole group at the street food hall which was very tasty. After dinner we continued the city tour through the parks
June 2019
and woods to the camping. At the Varna Palace there was a beautiful round pier with a breathtaking view. Of course, one of the boys needed to challenge the other to walk over the rocks to the last rock in the sea. The boys made it to the last rock but on the way back the waves became a bit higher and Rodger lost his phone in the sea. The night ended in the “escalatie hok” on the camping. On Saturday, the weather was not so nice anymore and everybody made their own plans for the day. We all had dinner together in a cute pizzeria and had delicious ice cream. The finals of the champions league were that night, so a part of the group stayed in the city centre to watch the finals. The others went back the the “escalatie hok” on the camping again and watched the finals there. On the way back, Toby and I had joined a ride from Denmark to Eindhoven with the same Belgian family that brought Fenna and Rodger to Denmark. We sang a lot of songs in the car and made a stop at McDonalds. There were a lot of traffic jams but still everyone made it in one day. It only took two rides for one group!! The trip ended with a nice poem from Ayda en Bert and a beer at Mateloos.
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Bachelor End Project
Trust in Model-Based Advice Sanne, a fourth-year Psychology & Technology student, is currently working on her Bachelor End Project. In this article you can read about her research about people’s trust in an algorithm. Text: Sanne van der Laan
We are working with a group of four students on a project guided by Chris Snijders. As you probably know, he is all about modelbased advice and its influence on humanity. In this case, he wanted us to do research on what exactly influences human’s trust in model-based advice. This was the only constraint of the project, choosing the kind of advice and designing the study was completely up to us. After some brainstorming, we decided to go with the jurisdiction of lawsuits. This seemed to be an interesting theme since it involves justice and has both social and ethical aspects. Is a computer actually able to take all of this into account?
“Is a computer actually able to take all of this into account? ” The experiment setup was quite simple: the participants only had to fill in a survey. In this survey, twenty real-life cases were shown for which the participant had to estimate the jail time that the Dutch courthouse would give the offender. For each case, either a human expert or a computer algorithm would give the participant advice, after which they got the opportunity to change their initial estimation. This way, we could see the extent to which a participant took the advice into account. 16
In the end, everyone must perform their BEP individually. This means that the experiment results had to contain answers to four different research questions. Designing a study wherein four aspects had to be measured simultaneously was quite challenging, but we managed to do this with the least correlation possible. My own research question is about the extent to which transparency of the computer algorithm has any influence on people’s trust in the algorithm. Three different approaches were used to present the advice: algorithm A only announced the advice without any explanation, algorithm B suggested a sentence and showed the different factors of the crime that were considered, and lastly, algorithm C presented the advice in combination with the formula used to compute the accurate sentence. Currently, I am analysing the acquired data and finishing off my report. If you find this research as interesting as me and you want to know more about the results, feel free to ask me! Hereby an example of one of the questions asked in the survey. Op een openbare parkeerplaats heeft een man met een koevoet op het hoofd van een andere man geslagen. Het slagtoffer raakte buiten bewustzijn en viel neer. Een omstander zag het voorval gebeuren en schoot het slachtoffer te hulp, resulterend in een klap op zijn wang. ook hij viel neer en brak zijn kaak op meerdere plekken. De aanvaller droeg de koevoet illegaal bij zich. Computer algortime A heeft deze case beoordeeld en adviseert 10 maanden celstraf. Aan de hand van het advies, wat is nu uw schatting van de gemiddelde straf die hier in Nederland voor wordt gegeven?
Intermania
Dadawan Eindhoven
Sneak Review
A new restaurant recently opened in the center of Eindhoven. Rumors told us that the food there was very good. Freshmen Emma and Naud went to check it out and will tell you all about their experience. Tet & Images: Emma Hendriks and Naud Janssen
Naud and I went to Dadawan after I was asked to go there and check out this Asian restaurant that was already famous in Arnhem and Maastricht and has now also come to Eindhoven, where it is located in the Heuvel Galerie. The first thing you see when you come in is Dadawan 2Go, which is a take
“it can be seen as the Asian version of Happy Italy” away service. The restaurant is upstairs, quite big and nicely furnished. On the menu you can find Poké wans, stone grilled dishes, sushi rolls, curry’s, lobsters and burgers. Overall, the prices for a main course lay between €8,and €15,-. It took us a moment, but when we found out that we had to turn the lamp that was on our table to red for service, the waitress came right away. We could not order starters, so we only choose a main dish. I decided to try the poké wan salmon, and Naud ordered the bibimbap beef. A poké wan is basically a bowl with rice and vegetables. The dish I ordered came with salmon, soybeans, mango and some things which we did not really recognize. It also came with soy sauce and wasabi, but we did not try that as we did not want to get our mouths on fire. The poké wan was served cold or had become cold after taking the pictures, but that was fine. Overall it was not June 2019
very special, but I enjoyed it. Naud ordered the bibimbap, which is a stone bowl filled with rice, some vegetables, the chosen topping, and a raw egg yolk on top. After fishing out the bean sprouts(Naud is a picky eater) he poured soy sauce on top, stirred everything and started eating. Overall, he thought it was a very nice dish, but in the beginning he burned his tongue because of how hot it was. You can also order several deserts, but we did not try them out ourselves. We really enjoyed our dinner at Dadawan. We conclude that it can be seen as the Asian version of Happy Italy, although the prices are slightly higher. The food was fine, the service was fast and all that for a good price. If we feel like getting some Asian food, we would definitely go back to Dadawan!
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smArTLAS During the renovation period of Atlas, it was promoted that it would become the ‘most sustainable education building in the world’. But which smart design options make this happen? Cécile will tell you all about it.
Smart cities
Text & Images: Cécile Geertman, Editorial Staff
One of the reasons the building has gotten the title of ‘most sustainable education building of the world’ is due to the CO2 reduction of the building of 80 percent, while the number of people using the building has doubled. The highly insulating glass facade and the lack of a gas grid have contributed to this reduction. In addition to this, Atlas contains a number of solar panels which are able to generate 500.000 kWh each year. The main building is connected to a so called WKO (Warmte en Koude Opslag) climate installation, one of the largest of Europe. This is a system which stores heat and cold in ground water. The hot water will be used in the winter to heat the building, and with the help of two additional cooling towers, the cold water will be used to reduce the temperature in the summer. Another important aspect of the Atlas building is the so called ‘night flushing’. This means that the windows will be opened for cooling and purifying the air at night,
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to have a more comfortable environment during the day. Atlas also has a smart lighting system. The system uses presence detection to avoid unnecessary lighting of certain spaces. Besides, to serve the user optimally, the light fittings can be individually adjusted to the preferences of the user. Furthermore, the Intelligent Light Institute is running a ‘living lab’ in Atlas. They are examining if there is a lighting concept that will be capable of reducing absence due to Seasonal Affective Disorder. Additionally a small smart aspect that is implemented is related to the revolving doors. Normally, you would expect these doors to work automatically. However, as Atlas is open to innovations, this option will apparently be turned off every now and then. Therefore, the doors have to be pushed manually, which offers some extra physical exercise, improving the health of students ánd will eventually lead to a reduction in the energy usage of Atlas.
Intermania
How Smart is Your City?
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The theme of this edition is Smart Cities, but how can we recognize a smart city? Michelle helps you see what a smart city is by providing an interactive graphic. Do you recognise your own city? Text & Images: Michelle van Ardenne, Editorial Staff
The new possibilities of today enable a city to transform into a smart city, according to the definition of smart cities nowadays. Different technologies contribute to these new possibilities. In this infographic different technologies will be highlighted. With that you can mark the boxes which are applicable for your city and discover how “smart” your city actually is.
Smart infrastructure (orange) : Technologies implemented in the infrastructure of the city could deliver real-time information to which users could adjust. It also helps cities make a better decision about modifying their infrastructure. Smart healthcare (red): Technologies could prevent diseases affecting people’s life when data identifies demographic groups who are at risk. With for instance a text message to a phone, this target group could be warned. Public safety (l. blue): Real-time crime mapping, possible with the use of technology, could help anticipate crime to head off incidents before they occur. When incidents do occur, applications such as gunshot detection, smart surveillance, and home security systems can accelerate law enforcement response. Energy consumption (green): With the use of technology it becomes possible to introduce dynamic electricity pricing, which allows utilities to charge more. By reducing consumption and shifting the load to off-peak periods, it reduces the power sector’s use of backup “peaker plants” that produce more emissions. Trash collection (dark blue): Digital tracking and payment for waste disposal charges users for exactly for the amount and type of trash they throw away. People will become aware of their behavior and reduce their waste. Saving water (yellow): The biggest waste of water is leaking pipes. With the use of sensors, leaks can be detected in an early stage and water waste can be prevented. Water consumption tracking, which pairs advanced metering with digital feedback messages, can nudge people toward conservation. June 2019
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Reduce 15% of the water consumption by using sensors
Saving Water
Trash Collection
30-130KG Reduction of solid waste when tracking waste
Smart Infrastructure
15-30 minutes shaved off daily commute
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Public Safety
Technologies help to head off incidents before they occur
Smart Healthcare
8-15%
Disease burden with the use of smart technology
Energy Consumption
April 2019
1-2: Too bad, you live in a non innovating city 3-4: Nice job, but there is room for improvements 5-6: Waauw, Your city 21 is super smart!
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Career Corner
Impulse Day Excursion As a part of the Impulse Career Day excursions were organized for all first year students. Evelien organized two company visits for the SI students, while Timo planned a company trip for all P&T students. They will tell us more. Text & image: Evelien Dekker and Timo van Helvoort, EAO members
On the 29th of may the first ever Impuls Career Day took place where all first year students, university wide, did not have any classes. Instead their day was filled with career activities. For the first-year SI students this meant that they had an excursion to two companies related to the course Industrial Ecology [0SV20]. Due to the public transport strike, the bus company could not provide us with busses, which actually turned out to be somewhat fortunate. We had an old-school bike trip with the entire group,while everyone was singing along to motivational songs. We were even accompanied by the pleasure of a brightly shining sun! The companies that we visited are both companies that work with sustainable innovations to use waste products from other industries as a fuel for their own. At both companies, we were in contact with former students of the department and former Intermate members. In this way, the first-year students could take a look at a company at which they could possibly end up working after this study, which is what made the excursion the most valuable.
SI Company 1: Ennatuurlijk The first company we visited was Ennatuurlijk. It is located on a part of the old Philips terrain called Strijp T, which Ennatuurlijk shares with plenty of other companies focusing on innovation.Ennatuurlijk uses the locally produced waste from the wood industry to generate energy. This energy in the form of heat is used as input in a local heat cold 22
energy system. They deliver heating and cooling to an area that spans from around the Philips stadium to Strijp T. With their sustainable innovation and smart thinking, they try to create sustainable solution for heating and cooling on a local level, and with this contribute to the transition to clean and sustainable energy. Martijn van Vlijmen was our contactperson at Ennatuurlijk. He is an old Intermate member and studied Technische Innovatie Wetenschappen (Technical Innovation Sciences), as it was called then. He was a member of dispuut “In ‘t Audt” and was chairman of the 28th board of Intermate in 2011-2012. To some, he was known for his ruthless shot in table football and his nickname “Party Marty”. Intermania
Career Corner SI Company 2: Rendac The second company we visited was Rendac, situated in Son. Rendac is concerned with the innovative and sustainable processing of organic residual flows and animal byproducts; they try to generate energy from the garbage of agricultural sector. They take the meat by-products from our animalbased diets and process them to reclaim valuable and essential bio-nutrients, fats, oils, proteins, meals and more that are used daily in personal, commercial, and industrial products. These compounds are processed into pharmaceutical products, food, animal feed, pet food, biofuel, fertilizers etc. In this way, nothing of the animal is wasted. Hugo Dekkers was the contact at Rendac. He also studied at our faculty and graduated in 1992. He was a board member of the 6th board of Intermate in 1989-1900. Since he has done a lot of work related to the environment, especially also abroad, before starting at Rendac.
PT Company: Sogeti Due to the aforementioned strikes, all PT students also went on a school-like trip This time however, they went by train. Early in the
June 2019
morning the first 60 PT freshmen hopped on a train to Utrecht and then on a bus to Vianen to hear more about one of Intermate’s most valuable partners: Sogeti. This IT company does pretty much everything with IT but most importantly, also really values the connection between Psychology and Technology (wow). Sogeti talked about this link and how this comes back in, for example, recommender systems. After the first group had finished they all got free lunch including delicious “broodjes kroket�. When the morning group had just left, the second group of 60 people arrived at Sogeti. They got the same interesting talk but instead of lunch got a nice drink. After a few beers and snacks it was again time to go home with public transport to Eindhoven.
Conclusion We had a very successful first Impulse Day. The first-year students had lots of questions, a lot of interesting discussions were held and a lot was learned. Special thanks to both Martijn and colleagues from Ennatuurlijk, Hugo and colleagues from Rendac and Annika and colleagues from Sogeti for making this day possible!
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April 2019
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Puzzel
In het Midden Puzzel: Colin de Bruin en Michelle van Ardenne, Redactie
Horizontaal 1. Drek 3. Doet schuimbekken 8. Prentbriefkaart 11. Gangmaker 13. Europees hoogtepunt 14. Brabants dorp 18. Zwart door stof 21. Past na tik of zij 22. IJzer 23. Jullie vroeger 25. Energieleverancier 27. Glad goedje 28. Help Verticaal 1. Ongemak 2. Titelhoudster 3. Spaanse waterweg 4. Amerikaanse oppervlaktemaat 5. Kent vele maten 6. Herhalingen 7. Eerste hulp bij een karwei 9. Dr. _ 10. Kleine processies 12. Buigzame slang 15. Laagtij 16. Bewijsmateriaal 17. Oosterse koffie 19. Dat wil zeggen 20. Scheur 24. Wizard of _ 26. Geluidsdrager
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Intermania
Student Team
Student Team: Blue Jay
In this rubric, one of the TU/e’s many student teams has the chance to introduce their innovative project and their goals for their design. This time it’s up to Blue Jay to talk all things drones! Text & Images: Evie de Fouw, Member of Blue Jay
Four years ago, in collaboration with the Dream and Dare festival that was organized for the 60th jubilee of the TU/e, Blue Jay Eindhoven was founded. This team started developing a drone that had to ‘work’ in a cafeteria, where it was able to bring a drink to the right person. A playful concept, but at least it made clear that drones could be used autonomously, helpful, safe and interactive. The last few years we started developing a new concept, where the drone can be used as an assistant to help people in need. Think about drones being able to detect epileptic attacks, guide you to the right place or detect fireworks at a soccer stadium. Right now, we are working very hard towards our demonstration and finishing up our work and deliverables. This year, our annual demonstration will be held at the Philips Stadium, where our sub teams will show different types of drones, the detection of people falling, autonomous flying and, probably most interesting for Intermate members, human-drone interaction. At Blue Jay, I work in the interaction-design sub team, where I can apply my knowledge from Psychology and Technology. Here, we try to answer one main question: “How can drones and humans cooperate?” To answer this question, we started the year with conducting interviews with first aid services, the fire brigade and the police. We wanted to find out what aid services want Blue Jay to do, what they can use a drone for, and if they see the need for a drone themselves. Additionally, we implement new ways and June 2019
improve existing ways for interaction and test these features with user tests. One way in which Blue Jay facilitates interaction is through its eyes and by making use of lights. The lights provide feedback about the status of the drone and the eyes facilitate emotions. By doing this, we try to portray a friendly and trustworthy personality. For example, Blue Jay can look happy, and
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Student Team its lights will become rainbow-colored. A second way in which people can interact with Blue Jay is through an application. Even though we are not the software experts, we managed to develop our own application. Luckily, a sub team does not stand on its own and sometimes works together other sub teams to reach a goal. As you might already expect, for this application we have worked together with the software sub team. With the Blue Jay application, people can give commands to the drone, track locations of the drone and get an overview of all the detected emergencies. Furthermore, in collaboration with the artificial intelligence sub team, we developed our own speech engine. We have implemented the speech engine on the takeoff station on which Blue Jay is situated in rest, and by pressing a button, people can start talking to our drone. One can for example ask, ‘Who are you?’ or ‘What can you do?’ and then Blue Jay will respond and give more information about its functionalities. This is the third way in which people can interact with Blue Jay. I have been very involved in this project in the first half of this year and am still very excited about it. No way that I would have thought at the start of September that I would be working on this and actually managing to make this work. That is the most important thing that I have learned: sometimes we just
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have to do things to find out that we are actually able to do it.
“...through its eyes and by making use of lights.” Currently, we are working on integrating emotion detection and from now on, Blue Jay is also able to detect the users’ emotions. We have reached the point at which Blue Jay can see if a person is happy, angry, tired, sad, surprised, disgusted or neutral. When Blue Jay detects a person that is happy, it will respond with it’s eyes. With only a few weeks left until our demonstration in the Philips Stadion, I am getting more and more excited to finally show what we, as a team, have achieved in just one year. It is really great to see what you can achieve with a group of motivated students who all want to get the best out of a project. If you are interested in (joining) Blue Jay, would like to see our drone in real life, or just want to know more about our projects, feel free to contact me or e-mail info@bluejayeindhoven.nl!
Intermania
My Smart City A few years ago I was crazy for science fiction books. I read a few thousand pages about implementing smart chips in brains, robot enemies and programmed worlds. These stories were full of future related stuff, but what will we see back in the “real” future? Imagining that I would live two hundred years in the future, I see myself living in the Smart City Eindhoven. Every day I am woken up by my personal program at the time that is best for my health. Walking from my bedroom to the living room, lights go on automatically based on the intensity I desire, without any conscious interaction with the program. My breakfast is there, brought by my own housekeeping robot. I shower in my high-tech bathroom and put on the clothes my robot laid out for me. Ready for the day! Two times a week I have to be present at work, for the rest of the week I can see my colleagues via the permanent implants in my brain. To go to my “real-life” meeting, a self-driven flying car comes to fly me. I enter via the window door of my office on the 25th floor of the building. In ten seconds we arrive and I step into the conference room. After the meeting I fly back and in ten seconds I am home. I eat the food my robot made and then I work for a few hours on the case discussed this afternoon. Later, my program says that I need to read a few chapters of a serious novel for my self-development. The next day I will have to do some difficult mathematical problems to stay up-to-date. After a while, my personal program indicates that I am tired and should sleep. So I make myself ready for bed. As I walk into my room, I lay down and sleepy music begins to play. In a few minutes I am asleep and my day is over. I really like my scenario of a Smart City. However, I hope the little difficulties, socially awkward actions and moments of joy of my actual life will still be there in the future. Those make life worth it. Biking to university with the wind through my hair, doubting what I want to eat for dinner, running to the bus while it is raining cats and dogs, bump into someone on the pavement or greeting the conductor in the train. I hope that in a few decades, people will live in exciting Smart Cities with these little things still being present. June 2019
Emma Höngens
“I hope that the socially awkward actions and moments of joy of my actual life will still be there” –Emma
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Green Spaces in Cities We are increasingly inhabiting urban environments over rural ones. But how can we organize cities in a healthy way, for both human and environment? Arjun describes the benefits of greenery in the city. Text and Images: Arjun Tyagi, Intermania Freelancer
Smart cities
Modern urban lifestyle is associated with chronic stress, insufficient physical activity and exposure to anthropogenic environmental hazards. Urban population is ever-expanding, as are the boundaries of cities. By 2050 it is expected that 68% of the world population will be living in urban areas. So, one of the simplest things to have in a neighborhood is parks or green spaces. Not only are parks good for the environment in a city by reducing heat in its surroundings and by improving air quality, they are also an excellent place for social cohesion in a neighborhood. Green spaces such as parks and sports fields, as well as woods, natural meadows, wetlands and other ecosystems, represent a fundamental component of any urban ecosystem. Green urban areas facilitate physical activity and relaxation and form a refuge from noise. Trees produce oxygen and help filter out harmful air pollution, including airborn particulate matter. Urban parks and gardens play a critical role in cooling cities
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and also provide safe routes for walking and cycling for transport purposes as well as sites for physical activity, social interaction and for recreation. Using vegetation to reduce the energy costs of cooling buildings has been increasingly recognized as a cost-effective reason for increasing green space and tree planting. Plants improve air circulation and provide shade. This provides a cooling effect and helps to lower air temperature. Green spaces are also important for mental health. Having access to green spaces can reduce health inequalities, improve wellbeing, and aid in treatment of mental illness. Some analyses suggests that physical activity in a natural environment can help remedy mild depression and reduce physiological stress indicators. Green spaces are a key element for recreation and to experience nature. They enhance the quality of life for people living in the surrounding area and provide locations for a variety of leisure activities as a multi-use recreational open space. Green
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Theme spaces are concerned with social values and encourage people to interact in ways which leads to trust, mutual understanding, shared values and supportive behavior. Additionally, areas of the city with enough greenery are aesthetically pleasing and attractive to residents, visitors and investors. Urban green spaces can be one of the factors that attract significant foreign investments that assist in rapid economic growth. Urban green spaces fulfil many functions in an urban context that benefits people’s quality of life. Steadily growing traffic and urban heat, especially in developing countries, is not only damaging the environment but also incurs social and economic costs. The ecological benefits bestowed in green spaces, which range from protecting and maintaining the biodiversity to helping in the mitigation of change, cannot be overlooked in today’s sustainable planning. Green spaces also help in reduction of the energy costs of cooling
“Parks provide safe walking routes...” buildings effectively. Furthermore, due to their amenity and aesthetic, green spaces increase property value. However, the most sought benefits of green spaces in a city are the social and psychological benefits. Urban green spaces - especially public parks and gardens -provide resources for relaxation and recreation. Green spaces need to be uniformly distributed throughout the city area, and the total area occupied by green spaces in the city should be large enough to accommodate the city population needs. Cities are responsible for most of the consumption of the world’s resources and are home to most of the world’s citizens as well. Bringing green spaces to the urban landscape can promote and inspire a better relationship June 2019
with the environment while supporting important services. Green spaces in the living environment may provide a meeting place and support social contacts. When people get older, in general they are less mobile and have more limited activity spaces. At the same time, they are faced with smaller social networks due to social and health related changes. Green spaces in their direct living environment are therefore important to support their needs. So, it is vital that these urban areas have enough green spaces. Urban green spaces, such as parks, playgrounds, and residential greenery, can promote mental and physical health and reduce morbidity and mortality in urban residents by providing psychological relaxation and stress alleviation, stimulating social cohesion and supporting physical activity. Activities in a park vary from a community BBQ, picnic, an afternoon biertje in the sun with some friends, sports activities, etc. All in all, cities should accommodate green spaces to support health of both their inhabitants and environment. 31
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Opt-INtermania Dear readers, the Intermania works with an Opt-in system in order to control our prints. If you want to receive an Intermania next year, please fill in the google form. Everybody has to register themselves again for next year. Thank you for reading our magazine!
To get through the holiday without the Intermania we made this holiday bingo so you will not be missing the intermania during these hard times. Text: Lotte van Dijck, Editorial Staff
Vacation Bingo
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Having nice swimsuit tan lines
Having more than 15 mosquito bites
People reserving sunning bed with a towel
Seeing a bandaid in the pool
Having a sunburnt nose
Having sand between your toes
Forgot something
Seeing a dolphin or other sea animal
Filled in the opt-in of the intermania
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Theme
Masdar: City of the Future
Only a few kilometers away from Abu Dhabi, a new city is currently being built: Medinat Masdar. An ideological and challenging project with as goal: a city offering the highest quality of life, with the lowest environmental footprint. Text: Marit Loonen, Editorial Staff
“When you plan it right from the beginning and you capture the latest technology, then it’s not more expensive. We’ve demonstrated that.” – Karim El-Jisr, Director of The Sustainable City Innovation Centre What do they want to achieve? How to build a viable city, offering the highest quality of life with the lowest environmental footprint? That is the question that the designers of Masdar, close to Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, are trying to answer. The completely new city of Masdar, that is currently being built is strongly focused on sustainable development, through reduction of demand for energy and water, recycling and reuse of waste material, while making the city as livable as possible - by smart ways of using the environment, nature and technology. However, most importantly, designing and building an entire city keeping this all in mind. The big advantage of this is that those measures are implemented immediately, and construction and installation are taken into account in the first place, instead of as an afterthought. As said by Karim El-Jisr, Director of The Sustainable City Innovation Centre, ‘Aftermath is expensive. When you plan it right from the beginning and you also capture the latest technology, then it’s not more expensive. We’ve demonstrated that.’ However, what measures and technologies can be used when building a brand new city in the middle of a desert? In this article, I’ll try to give you some insight in the Smart City and incredible design of Masdar.
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en Theme Cooling The design of all buildings in the city is based on one principal idea: trying to cool them as much as possible just by their design. • The streets are narrow, in order to let the buildings shade each other. • Buildings are oriented towards the north. • Sunlight-reflecting paint is applied to the walls, to reduce heat from the sun. The Masdar City Wind Tower is a contemporary interpretation of the traditional Arabic wind tower, or barjeel. At a height of 45 meters, the tower captures cooler upper-level winds and directs them to the public square at its base. Sensors at the top of the steel structure operate louvers to open in the direction of prevailing winds so as to divert wind down the tower. Throughout the towers, small droplets of water ‘mist’ are sprayed into the wind, to cool it further through evaporation. On average, the streets in Masdar are 10 º C cooler than the streets of Abu Dhabi.
Smart cities
Nature There should be a balance between beauty and utility of the landscape: the plants ‘need to bring something back’ to the society: dates, avocado, papaya, pomegranates, mulberry, fig – which in turn all take shade from the palm trees. All plants and trees are connected to irrigation systems. In the city, farming ‘bubbles’ are used, with a special cooling system: fans are used to blow out air, therefore new air will flow in. Before the hatches through which the wind comes in, wetted ‘pads’ are placed, as an easy air conditioning. Water has many purposes and is re-used as much as possible. Water that has been used in buildings is cleaned slightly, before being pumped into the stream, used to irrigate the landscape, used for the fountains, the wetted ‘pads’, etc. Besides the streams, Papyrus grasses have been planted, which roots function as a natural filter of the water.
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Theme Transport: The city’s walkable environment offers multiple cleantech transit options including the Personal Rapid Transit – an internal electronic driverless mode of movement. Externally, two major Abu Dhabi networks, the Metro and the LRT are planned to pass through Masdar City. However, due to the high costs of deploying underground PRTs, the revised plan has accumulated the need for personal vehicles. The mass transit inside the city will be carried out by electric and clean-energy vehicles.
Energy: There are solar panels on all buildings in the city. Solar panels on the roofs are not enough to completely power the city, therefore there are also big solar farms just outside of the city. Additionally, all carparks are shaded, with solar panels on top. All cars are parked together, away from the living clusters to keep the streets free of cars as much as possible. In the city, a 10MW peak is installed, which is as much as around 40,000 solar panels, f which so far 26,000 have been installed. 3MW of this power comes from the panels on top of the parking areas, which feed into the grid. The city will have no electric switches or water taps, motion sensors will be there to do the task for you, thus, saving around 50% power and resources as assumed by the city planners. However... According to the website of Masdar City, ongoing growth will eventually see 52,000 people living in Masdar City, whilst 40,000 jobs and student placements will be offered. But at the moment, only a few hundred people live in Masdar and a few thousand work or study in the brand new city. Even though the intentions while designing Masdar were and still are very good, and the ideas might be very promising, Masdar is not the city of dreams yet. There is still a long way to go to make the city function as it is meant to as for example the transport system is not working yet. Additionally, critics doubt whether the city will make its net zero-emission goal. Still, the idea of Masdar might be the City of the Future, even if the future isn’t here, just yet. June 2019
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According to Arjan
Questions for Smart Cities We are constantly working on development of technologies, but who are we benefitting by evolving into a Smart City Society? Have we lost sight of the ‘general public’ on our way to becoming Smart? Arjan explains. Text: Arjan Derks, Intermate Member
At the TU/e, thousands of people are committed to making life more sustainable, more comfortable and more scientifically advanced. The labs are outstanding and the technology developed is far ahead of its time. Some say, if you are at the TU/e, you are a decade ahead of society. And you are surrounded by some of the presumably smartest people in one of the most intelligent regions of the world. Some more might be found at the High Tech Campus, and there are unique, technology related artists all over the city. Many of these artists, engineers, students and researchers are working with state-of-the-art technologies and the most recent research insights. One of the most important areas of experimentation is that of the Smart City. For this smartness, technology is made to become self-regulating, self-controlled and (semi-) autonomous. These technologies become this way because of a lot of data generation, data transfer and data analysis. They do not only regulate themselves, but also ‘nudge’ other behaviours in an increasingly ‘smart’ city.
Other views Eindhoven is bigger than just the TU, High Tech Campus, and Strijp-S; not everyone in Eindhoven is an engineer, artist or student, but there are also many people with other talents and skills an knowledge. These people may have different views on the development of technology. With this 36
view, they will ask other questions than we as engineers are prepared for. Their worldviews differ from our academic/ scientific/technical worldview, and different struggles and experiences influence these. And we do not always give the answers that they want to hear, or answers that are told in a way that so they understand our point of view. The challenges of the general public are very different than the solutions which the fancy technology provides. As these people often have to struggle to make ends meet, they would not have an interest in these fancy and often expensive technologies.. In this context, the developments we are trying to strive for, such as better technology or a cleaner environment, use money which they need as well. Likewise, the potential gains in comfort cannot be acquired by them on account of not having the money for it.
“we as academics might be able to learn from the creativity and ingenuity of general people.” The fact that these choices are made as they are, might give rise to certain questions. Mostly, why do we choose to pursue this course of action. Why do we not use the Intermania
According to Arjan money to help them solve their needs? Why should we become a smart city? Why is all that money spent as it is? An important issue in this regard, is that we do not reason from the same viewpoints. They reason from their individual viewpoints, while we reason from a scientific-theoretical viewpoint. These viewpoints clash, since we cannot always align the scientific-
how much we try to avoid being biased at all. These biases go in the direction of certain economic and social choices, which we try to approach with economic policy type of measures and developing ever smarter technology. And all for the reason of becoming a ‘smart’ city. As I hoped to raise awareness that being a smart city is not everything. As many
“Together, let’s find the dumb answers to the dumb questions we smart people are not asking ourselves” – Arjan Derks theoretical arguments and consequences with their experiences, which might lead to some friction. This might mean that when it comes to taking action, we prioritise different problems, measures and solutions. In itself, the fact that viewpoints oppose or differ isn’t too much of an issue. The general public does things differently than we do, in an attempt to solve their own problems. However, we as academics might be able to learn from the creativity and ingenuity of general people, maybe even more than we do from the self-perpetuating and selfselecting circle of academic source citing. We arguably should look more into what works empirically, rather than trying to explain how and why it works theoretically, and go for things that also make an impact in the way these people envision it. Try not to explain perfectly, but test it ‘as good as it gets’.
people do not concern themselves with these ‘abstract’ and ‘academic notions and ideas’, but see these grand visions distract higher-ups from solving the ‘real’ problems they suffer from in their daily lives. They would probably rather see the participation practiced in a way that involves them, their hopes, dreams, problems and solutions better. Inclusion is a nice way to give the average people insights and opportunities to look into our way of thinking. But we should not ignore that we can learn a lot from them too. Together, let’s find the dumb answers to the dumb questions we smart people are not asking ourselves.
Involving everyone In our nice little corner of the TU/e, we learn about the importance of cooperating with different stakeholders. We strive to make the world a better place, as in more sustainable and more equitable, for everyone living in it. However, we do this from our own scientific-theoretical biases, notwithstanding June 2019
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Intermania Rates
Tomorrowland Every edition the Intermania committee watches a movie which matches the theme of the edition. This time, the Disney movie called “Tomorrowland” was the lucky one that got chosen. Text: Intermania Editorial Staff
Storyline
Opinions:
Michelle: Really creepy that you can predict your death, why would you want to know that?
Weirdness
Colin: Less bad than I expected it to be, but still entertaining! Cécile: Every thing is relative
Inspiration
Lotte: Do not watch this when you are tired, to understand the film you need some concentration.
SMart Cities
Well thought-out
Isabel: Make sure you don’t end up in a futuristic city somehow: humanoids will definitely hunt you down
Funniness
Final verdict
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Theme
Smart City or Clever People? The concept of ‘Smart City’ seems new, but the ideas behind it have driven civilizations for centuries. But what are some of the pitfalls experienced in developing Smart Cities then and now? Text & Images: Gido van Rooijen, Master Student Innovation Sciences
It appears that the go-to solution for Dutch cities in dealing with contemporary challenges - such as climate change, the aging population and the increasing demand for healthcare - is to do things in a ‘smart’ way. This feels like stating the obvious, so what do municipal councils mean when they announce they want their city to become a ‘Smart City’? As it turns out, there are many different perspectives on this matter. Today, the most common definition of the concept Smart City is using new information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance the operation of various urban systems. But when the first digital cities emerged in the 1990s, the talk was all about the potential of the internet to open the path to radically new forms of democracy, and these new forms of governance were what was supposed to make the city smart. And that is exactly where this gets interesting, because actually very little is known about these preaches of technological revolution and its effect on politics. In Ancient Greece, democracy could
never reach its full potential because it was physically impossible for all voices to be heard. Since then, every invention that made any contribution to a decrease in distance between people (presently known as globalization) was predicted to relieve democracy of the restraints that Ancient Greece faced, and thus bring the promise of democracy to full fruition. Well, these inventions did not succeed. Not really, anyway. A good example is the invention of the semaphore telegraph in France, in 1794. It made long-distance communication possible and would therefore make it easier for people across the country to make their opinions heard. However, the French military thought it would be a useful technology for them and instated an enormous number of new rules and regulations that effectively killed private use of the telegraph for a very long time. The utopia of a better and more inclusive democracy died with it. In a similar manner, radio and television channels became broadcasters of war propaganda during World War II. Even now,
“The Smart City is not built by smart technologies, but by clever people using them” – Gido van Rooijen June 2019
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“It appears that the go-to solution is to do things in a ‘smart’ way.”
research institutions, NGOs and citizens. There appears to be a growing realization among municipalities that they cannot, and do not have to face today’s challenges alone. Where possible, these cities create more room for citizens to have a say in policy decisions that directly affect them. In addition, they try to simplify rules and regulations, and make funds available for
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citizen initiatives, as long as they contribute to the solution of urban problems. A big part of this is the publishing of open government data, which can be used for these co-production projects. In Utrecht, the energy plan to make the city climate neutral by 2030 was written by 165 of the city’s inhabitants, in collaboration with municipal representatives and energy experts. This resulted not only in a thorough evaluation of all the available options, but also in a coherent plan that could count on support from all stakeholders. While not necessarily a very innovative way of creating policy, one could argue that it is a pretty smart way to go about it. Of course, it cannot be denied that the Digital Age provides opportunities for new, efficient forms of collaboration and governance, as long as the involved parties are all on the same page on their degree of influence and the goal of the participation trajectory. As with all good Innovation Sciences stories, success of the Smart City depends on a healthy interaction between digital innovations and their users and stakeholders. The Smart City is not built by smart technologies, but by the clever people using them. Intermania
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When Architecture Meets Psychology We are proud to present you the first collaboration article of the Intermania. Together with Chepos we dived into the psychological ABC, Affect, Behaviour and Cognition, of architecture. Text: Michelle van Ardenne and Karim Jaspers
Venustas, Utilitas, Firmitas. This well-known triad of the Vitruvian Virtues is often used to define the different qualities that create outstanding architecture. Different approaches can be of equal importance. For this article, we compared this triad with a similar one used at the faculty of Psychology & Technology: the ABC. This ABC helps psychologists understand the question: “Why do people do what they do?” It consists of Affect (emotions), Behaviour (actions) and Cognition (thoughts). Venustas vs Affect Venustas, the first of the Vitruvian Virtues, is about the appearance of a building. What does it look like? Is it aesthetically pleasing? In what architectural style is it built? It is about rhythm, colours and shadows inside or outside a building. Venustas is about the atmosphere that is created by enclosing a space. The famous architect Daniel Libeskind wrote about this atmosphere:
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“... in buildings that move us, there's an element of care. It's not a question of whether a building makes us feel good or bad. It's about being moved. That's what the word emotion means. What we feel is the sense of intensity, passion and involvement. It's something that goes very deep.” The fact that architect Daniel Libeskind gets emotional has everything to do with Affect. Affect refers to the feelings triggered by our environment. As you receive stimuli from your environment, the environment can make you feel all kinds of emotions. These emotions help us to recognize which environmental aspects are important to remember later on. The other way around, memories itself also have an impact on our emotions. The link to memories is really important in architecture as well. “In great cities, the great buildings tell you things you don’t know and remember things which you’ve forgotten.” The cultural value of buildings heavily
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Utilitas vs Behaviour depends on the meaning of it throughout time. The second part of the architectural triad Medieval buildings often affect us to a greater is Utilitas (utility). In short, it refers to the extent than most contemporary buildings. functionality of the building, mostly within An interesting example is the city of its primary space (rooms) and secondary Dresden, Germany; during the Second World space (corridors). As a War, most of the old, inner consequence, both the city was bombarded, function of the building leaving only a few buildings as a whole as well as standing. The municipality “You become aware of the separate functions decided to rebuild the in each of the rooms are lost architecture in the the strange ways and included in Utilitas. The exact same way, so utility can be measured you cannot distinguish effects of Venustas. ” with regard to the needs what is an old building that are accommodated and what is a new by the building. As such, the function of a building. What they did not know was room depends on the different target groups. that from now on walking through this Take for example Hubble, a community café city would confuse you: in what on the campus; people use it as a place to way does the building you are have a business lunch and others come over standing in front you of affect you? Should with their friends to grab a beer at night. The you be amazed by its splendour, because it vision of the architect must include both uses has survived all those centuries? Should in order to meet the needs of the users. you be impressed by the amazing Behaviour can be categorized as the craftsmanship it took to rebuild it? Or actions users show in an environment. The does it feel like a film set on which the definition seems obvious since we all know building is merely recreated to trick you? that we do things with our body and mind. Although you do not know how, Dresden However, unconscious behaviour also certainly affects you. You become aware of plays an important role in our life. A lot of the strange ways and effects of Venustas.
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“Architectural designs of very high quality can make you become aware of your environment..” – Karim movements are done automatically and only noticeable when we pay attention to them. Therefore, in psychology, behaviour is seen as the users’ measureable reaction to the stimuli from its environment, independent of their conscious intentions. Humans execute behaviour to either change or maintain their environment. Since humans are inside architectural environments about 80% of the time, the way spaces are designed has a huge impact on the way we behave. Environmental psychology is the key component to achieve both human and environmental welfare. It can connect the Utilitas of a room with the observed behaviour of the user by applying psychological knowledge to improve the design. Take for instance the infamous open offices. The idea that an open space connects all different kinds of employees would benefit the company. However, this is against human nature. We as humans need our own territory, sometimes defined as ‘personal space’. A lack of territory could lead to aggressive behaviour or other actions which rectify the imbalance between the desired closure and the open connectivity. One way to solve the problem of territoriality is to personalize the places of users. This example clearly demonstrates the importance of how architecture can influence behaviour and therefore determines the quality of a design.
building, based on the conceptual designs and ideas. It includes measurements, materialization, manufacturing and more. It is mostly linked to the practice of architects and structural designers and not so much to the visitor. Certainly, a visitor can observe steel beams or wonder about the craftsmanship behind a beautiful, wooden detail, but this Vitruvian Virtue is mainly of importance for the makers of buildings. Only those that pay attention to the building will be able to think about Firmitas. And this is where the crucial difference starts between the two triads of Architecture and Psychology. Paying attention to something and actively thinking about it, requires cognition, the last of the ABC. Cognition contains all the mental activities that you use to guide your thinking and reasoning. It is the voice in
Firmitas vs Cognition The third part of the architectural triad is Firmitas (firmness). Very shortly put, it is the production of a building. It contains all methods used to physically realize the June 2019
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your head that consciously leads the inner discussion. When walking, it actively steers your attention towards your destination and the road you have to take. However, this can happen unconsciously as well. Think about the road you have to cycle to school every day: you know it so well that you do not need any mental load to help you navigate. The same happens for buildings. Most visitors of buildings are not very used to thinking about the environment they are in. Why does orange furniture affect my feelings in a positive way? In what way does a high ceiling help me have more creative thoughts? How is it possible that blue walls make sure you have better long-term memory? Perhaps surprisingly, all these statements have scientific evidence. These unusual questions help environmental psychologists to understand the way architecture affects their users. The answers to these questions can in turn help architects to design more human-friendly buildings. But this can only happen when psychologists and architects work together and share the same interests and goals. Both disciplines have to actively think about in what way the walls and ceilings can influence its users. Architectural designs of very high quality can make you become aware of your environment. Instead of walking passively through its corridors, you now consciously wonder about its shapes and details. In
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everyday architecture, this does not happen often. Moving through a space normally happens without your conscious attention. Except for the stairs in front of Vertigo. Here something remarkable happens: the ABC and the Vitruvian triad meet. On this very place, Psychology and Architecture connect and join each other. Instead of the usual stairs to which you pay no attention, you now actually become aware of them. You use cognition to actively think about the way they are made (Firmitas) and the way it affects your behaviour (Utilitas). You sort of stumble your way up and you try to find a walking pattern that makes your motions more fluent, which unfortunately does not exist. Frustrated by this experience, you associate certain emotions to these stairs irritation, discomfort, even misery. Therefore, you are affected by them. Finally, you try to think about what reason the architect could ever have had to design it in such a way. Possibly, it was on purpose as he wanted you to have this experience. More logically, it was not on purpose and it had more to do with the appearance (Venustas) of the building, instead of its use. These stairs fit better in the overall faรงade of Vertigo and indeed, from a larger distance they look appealing. The architects that are going to renovate Gemini and LaPlace should better call a psychologist before designing their stairs. Intermania
Agriculture of The Future
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The theme of this Intermania is Smart Cities, but how about an occupation practiced in the most rural areas; farming? Julia shares how current experts envision agriculture of the future. Text: Julia Verbruggen, Intermania Freelancer
Over the past few years, everybody has become aware of the increasing number of people on this planet, as well as the effect this has already had on a large variety of aspects. This time the focus is going to be on the growing need for agricultural products. The importance of this issue was the main topic in the report Agriculture 4.0 – The Future of Farming Technology , launched by the World Government Summit. It stated that in 2050 we will need to produce 70 percent more food while in the meantime agriculture’s share of global GDP will shrink to three percent, which is one-third of its contribution just decades ago. Innovative minds have been cracking their heads over the problem of accommodating for this rising need. As a result of this, options like rooftop gardening, sea agriculture and vertical farming have come to the surface as Smart Farming solutions. For now, I am going to focus on the latter, vertical farming, due to its highly promising case for upscaling. The concept of “Vertical Farming” is
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very straightforward as it immediately states what it entails: a vertical farm. Instead of focusing on lanes of crops neatly planted next to each other, the focus lies on stacking these lanes above one another. But when you are stacking these lanes the first issue that arises is how are you able to let these plants grow adequately without a natural light source? In the traditional situation, in which crops are grown outdoors or in a greenhouse,
“How to let these plants grow adequatly without a natural light source?”
they receive light from the entire light spectrum provided by the sun. Replicating this entire light spectrum is quite the challenge, and a special lighting system needed to be created to enable crops get the right lighting for sufficient growth. The light sources that are used with vertical farming can be regulated to provide the light spectrum needed for a particular kind of crop. This opens up the possibility to manipulate the duration of the growth process, as the use of LEDs allows the plants to perform photosynthesis all day and night. Cultivating crops in a standard greenhouse takes about 10 till 14 weeks whereas it takes a bit over a month with the 45
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optimal circumstances of vertical farming. For example, in the case of lettuce, the amount of light and the right spectrum can cause the crop to stretch which makes it easier to cut after reaping. This is purely intended to play into the user’s preferences. Playing with these possibilities introduces an entirely new way of farming that by chance enables the production of vegetables and fruits to be more efficient and
Location for vertical farming The stacking of the lanes that was mentioned before, reduces the space that is needed for farming. The controlled cultivation, which improves the quality of the crops and stops the need of insecticides, allows for a broader range of locations. As it takes place in a completely closed off and controlled environment the chances of contamination by outside influences is extremely limited. Vacant buildings that are scattered throughout the country, like old factories or abandoned buildings, are fitting venues for this new farming method. This would also stimulate local agriculture and reduce transportation costs as farming closer to, or even in cities becomes a possibility. On the other hand, there are a few downsides to this new approach. The lack of insects calls for a need of manual pollination which is accompanied with high wages as this is an extremely specific job. Also, the reliability on technology can be very tricky. If the farm loses power, it immediately results in big losses in production. The artificial atmosphere that facilitates the ability to grow these crops fails without the supply of electricity and the growing process is put to a halt instantly.
“The Netherlands being the new ‘Silicon Valley’ of vertical farming.” – Julia Verbruggen not depending on the seasons. An additional advantage is the minimization of water usage. Since the water is used in a controlled manner, the losses are reduced as well. The water that comes from transpiration is re-used to decrease the water waste. When adding this up, vertical farming uses only ten percent of the amount of water that traditional farming methods use. 46
In the end, vertical farming seems an extremely interesting solution to the rising agricultural problems. The Netherlands has already hopped on this train and articles of this small country possibly being the new ‘Silicon Valley’ of vertical farming have been popping up. Whether this is going to be the case is something only the future can tell. Intermania
Graduation Project
Smart Electricity Production Every edition, we reserve some room for one of our IS/HTI graduating students to tell about their project. This time, it is up to Pieter to share the highlights of his project at Alliander. Text & Images: Pieter Loonen, IS graduate student
One of the most important aspects of a Smart City and our society at large is a clean and reliable source of electricity. In my thesis I look at the future of energy supply and demand in residential neighborhoods. Basically everything we do requires electricity. Whether it is WhatsApping, listening to music or making tostis: our modern lives completely depend on it. This need will only increase, because even things like driving a car, cooking and heating houses will increasingly be done with electricity, instead of the traditional fossil fuels.
“... efficiency and low costs are not the only criteria that we value anymore...� The electricity system as it is today is the result of over a hundred years of development, but it is about to change drastically. The current system is completely designed to generate large amounts of power in large central power plants, because with the traditional coal and gas as main fuels, a big plant is the most efficient. The power is then transported through power lines and cables to industry, shops, schools, and houses. Since the previous decade however, efficiency and low costs are not the only criteria that we value anymore: our future June 2019
energy supply will also need to be sustainable. We want our electricity production to not be polluting, and we do not want to rely on fossil fuels that we are running out of. This means moving away from coal and natural gas as a main source of energy supply and switching to renewable sources like wind and solar. Renewable electricity production has two intrinsic properties that are fundamentally different from fossil fuel electricity production. First, they are decentral by nature. Wind turbines and solar panels require lots of space to generate the same amount of power output as a single coal power plant. This means that they will have to be installed in farmlands, rooftops, etc. Next, they are uncontrollable. Unfortunately, we cannot determine when the sun shines and when it is windy (would be nice when cycling to the campus, though). As such we can also not determine when electricity will be produced anymore. This poses very interesting challenges. In neighborhoods, renewable energy generation usually means solar panels. These solar
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panels produce energy during the day, even though the typical household requires much more power during the evening when the sun is down, and the panels are idle. Besides, solar panels produce much more power during the summer than during the winter, even though, you guessed it, we need more electricity during winter. A recent trend is that residential buildings are made to be ‘net zero energy’ (nul-op-demeter in Dutch). This means that throughout the year, a building produces the same amount of electricity as it consumes. This sounds great, but where does the power come from in the winter? When all solar panels stand idle and the energy demand is huge? That’s right, coal (and some wind energy from the North Sea probably). The point is, that net zero energy buildings are very expensive for the system because they require valuable thick cables to transport all their solar power, and yet they are not self-sufficient at all. Net zero energy does not equal energy neutral. Luckily, there are a few things that can be done to “smartify” this mismatch between energy supply and demand. First of all, we could try to reduce the amount of electricity we need in the first place, for instance through efficient appliances. Second, we can change our use patterns: we could try to consume electricity when it is available, for 48
instance by scheduling washing machines to wash when the sun is out. Lastly, electricity can be stored, for instance in batteries during the day to be used later, but also in other forms - such as hydrogen - to store energy over seasons.
“Please take away that net zero energy does not equal energy neutral.” For my thesis research, I created a model that predicts the energy pattern of an entire neighbourhood and checks whether changing or storing electricity can reduce the peak power of solar supply as well as power peaks resulting from the demand side, and what the total benefit of it is. Next to that I am mapping out institutional barriers that are currently in the way of smart local balancing of electricity. In sum, please take away that net zero energy does not equal energy neutral. Energy neutral requires an innovative way of thinking about electricity: to make sure energy in future neighbourhoods is both affordable and really sustainable, we need to be smart. Intermania