Tuskan Times Volume 12 Issue 4

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TUSKANTIMES

VOLUME 12 ISSUE 4

I N T H I S I S S U E

This artwork was created by Christina Baltou in Grade 12 for her IBDP Visual Arts Exhibition It is titled Medusa, Athena, and Me and was painted with acrylic paint on canvas

Her exhibition text that accompanied this piece stated, “My inspiration behind Medusa, Athena and Me comes from many separate factors Some of these factors are personal experiences while others derive from metaphors regarding Greek mythology. The main intention of this acrylic artwork is to depict how sometimes, not all “Medusas” are monsters and simultaneously, not all Athena’s are as wise as we think.”

ONTHECOVERS
CREATIVE POLITICAL CULTURE THE GIRL OF THE UNKNOWN 5 TÉA MIJATOVIC OIL SPILL DEVASTATES THE COASTLINES OF TOBAGO 9 AMELIA WINKLER TOUR DE FRANCE 2024 TRADWIFE, THE CRISCO COVERED PATRIARCHY FLACO THE AVIAN FUGITIVE: OBITUARY LUISA ELDRIDGE COCO FERRARI-ROSS OLIVIA DICKOPINION BOOK REVIEW: A SEPARATE PEACE BOOK REVIEW: NO LONGER HUMAN MOVIE REVIEW: DUNE: PART 2 DAFT PUNK’S ‘DISCOVERY’ THE FOUNDING PILLAR OF EDM ALLEGRA DI FLORIO ADAM KARASCONYI STAMATIOS BALTOS NERI LIBERATORE 13 15 16 21 23 27 30

DearReaders,

Welcome to the latest edition of the Tuskan Times, hot off the press! Our writers, editors, designers,andartistshaveworkedhardtohelpbringthisissuetolife

We are very glad to share talent from the ISF student body with you, and hope you treasure thefruitsofyoung,creativemindsasmuchastheTuskanTimesteamdoes!

In this edition, you will find a plethora of articles that suit all areas of interest; ranging from a holisticoverviewofthe“TourdeFrance”byLuisaEldridgetoaninformativepieceonarecent oilspillinTobagobyAmeliaWinkler.

You can also find a broad range of opinion reviews on various facets of media and entertainment; a movie review of Dune: Part 2 by Stamatios Baltos, an album review Daft Punk’s Discovery, the Founding Pillar of Electronic Dance Music by Neri Liberatore, a literary reviewofASeparatePeacebyAllegraDiFlorioandmuch,muchmore.

Thisissuealsofeaturesacreativepiece,TheGirloftheUnknown,byTéaMijatovic.

Whetheranattentivereaderorjustleafingthroughthesections,you’resuretofindsomething thatcatchesyoureye.

Happyreading!

Sincerely,

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF

OLIVIA DICK

ELENA SOFIA UZIELLI

ASSISTANT EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

COCO FERRARI-ROSS

HEADOFLAYOUT

LEELA MENON

SUPERVISOR

TESS HITCHCOCK

ELENA SOFIA UZIELLI

OLIVIA DICK

AUDREY EAGLY-CUMMINGS

LEELA MENON

ALISIYA ERMOLENKO

COCO FERRARI-ROSS

EDITORS ART

EZRA PAVONCELLI

LAYOUT

LEELA MENON

OLIVIA DICK

TATJANA HELLAWELL

AMELIA WINKLER

ELIOT RICHARDS

GINEVRA CIRIO

ELENA SOFIA UZIELLI

M E E T T H E T E A M

C R E A T I V E

THEGIRLOFTHEUNKNOWN

I've always had a pretty normal life. You know, I go to school, I have friends, I read, I watch movies, and I feel sad at times, but mostly happy. I know I'm a little different, but that’s the point, right? We are all unique in our own ways.

Except, I was very unique, my parents never told me much, except that I had a special power within me that should never be introduced to the outside world, because if it did, the government would come looking for me. They always told me it was no big deal, that I was born with it, but I was safe with them. And, that’s what I thought until, one night, during my family's after-dinner TV show, we heard a pounding at the door. We never had visitors at this time of the day, but I wasn't that worried My mom motioned for my dad to get the door, while she hurried me up the spiral staircase with her hand to my back My footsteps couldn’t keep up with the speed of my moms, but with the whispering conversations following behind me, I picked up the pace. As soon as we reached the top, footsteps already following behind, my mom gestured to her bedroom, no longer thinking and almost tripping, and I stumbled into her sock drawer. Once I gained my balance, I looked behind me, and she was gone. The door was closed, and when I tried the door knob, it was locked in place Why would she have done this to me?

As I pounded on the bedroom door to be released, I heard the front door slam, rattling the whole house. I ran to the window, facing the street of our neighborhood, with my heart beat slamming in my chest. I could feel the faint, light ball of anger gathering within me as I watched my parents get pushed to the ground. This pressure of rage within me only got stronger as a military truck pulled up to the side of the street and pulled into my driveway This triggered something, and within seconds, electricity was coursing through my blood, and I could feel the buzzing of objects, from deep within me.

I heard the glass cracking from the bottom corner of the window, and when I got a closer look, it shattered. I fell to my knees, protecting myself from the flying pieces of glass, but did not react quickly enough, leaving my hands bloodied

I no longer thought or cared, and I ran towards the door, ramming it open with whatever strength I could withhold.

My legs had gone numb, my heart was in my stomach, and it was hard for me to breathe I felt the anxiety coursing through my blood, going through my legs and down my arms to the tips of my fingers I was rubbing my fingers against my thighs, trying to rub off the feeling of pure anxiety and unease -- the feeling of never ending worry.

With my head down, I saw a shadow, and as I slowly looked up, a man in a dark black cargo uniform towered over me, making me feel small and inferior Before I could react, I felt a stinging pain between my shoulder and my neck. My muscles relaxed and everything went black.

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CREATIVE|THEGIRLOFTHEUNKNOWN

I woke up on the cold stone ground, my head throbbing, and my vision blurred, before I realized I was in an empty warehouse. Before I had a second to yell, I heard heavy footsteps coming my way, and I sat up straight. First, I saw two government officials, followed by two doctors and there, right in front of me, I saw them -- clean, untouched and happy -- a nervously jittery lady and a tall, broad-shouldered man Yet, something wasn’t right Whatever was injected into my bloodstream was slowly wearing off, and memories started flashing in my mind from when I was just a toddler learning how to walk. Memories of me with my parents were different from those I knew; their energy was different, and they were more caring and thoughtful. That's when it hit me, when my heart dropped into my stomach and my eyes swelled up with tears

I was adopted.

Thousands of questions rushed through my head, and it was overwhelming. Thoughts clarified why my adopted parents lied to me, kept my power in hiding, and changed my identity They didn't want the government to know, because I would be taken away from them and my power would go away with me When I was just starting to understand, I was interrupted by a serious, deep voice that slowly said a name, Adeline.

I looked up and then behind me, perplexed as to who this man was speaking to. Then slowly, the strange man and lady kneel down to me, their cheeks rosy, tears falling from their kind eyes looking into mine When I feel her touch my skin, there is a jolt of electricity moving to that very spot, and that's when, although I feel like the girl of the unknown, these two people feel like home.

I leaned forward and wrapped my arms around both of them, feeling their warmth and safety against me. All the questions and doubts floated away into the abyss, where the unknown belongs

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CREATIVE|THEGIRLOFTHEUNKNOWN

P O L I T I C S

OILSPILLDEVASTATESTHECOASTLINES OFTOBAGO

An overturned and abandoned barge was spotted on the coast of Tobago on the 7th of February after it had been tugged there and has since been leaking oil into the ocean This oil has reached the shores of Bonaire, an island hundreds of miles away, blackening the coastline.

It was deduced that fuel had been leaking from the vessel involved even days before it was spotted on Feb 7 and has since been declared a national emergency, with large-scale efforts being made to contain the spill and its consequent environmental impact

The barge was abandoned and an owner has not yet been accurately identified, however, extensive regional investigations have been underway to locate the owners accountable An investigation conducted by online investigative journalism site, “Bellingcat,” suggests the barge stopped in late January in Pozuelos Bay, a Venezuelan port used by the state-owned PdVSA oil company. (Oil spill spreads across Caribbean from Tobago to Bonaire) Government officials say that this spill poses a grave threat to the island and its wildlife, including marine animals, corals and mangrove forests, and it has been estimated that over 420,000 gallons have already leaked from the vessel (COTO Oil spill from capsized barge near Tobago soils beaches hundreds of miles away) Farley Augustine, Chief Secretary of the Tobago House of Assembly stated that local and international experts working to contain and clean up the spill have not identified any leak from the barge in days, however, the danger has not yet passed “It may very well have other compartments that...have not leaked as of yet,” he said, adding that crews are still probing the barge. Satellites have been crucial in tracking the oil spill and monitoring its spread

Governmentofficialssaythatthisspill posesagravethreattotheislandand itswildlife,includingmarineanimals, coralsandmangroveforests,andit hasbeenestimatedthatover420,000 gallonshavealreadyleakedfromthe vessel.

Several government agencies, including at least 1,000 volunteers, have been working to control the spill Clean ups have already started and crews are already working to collect the oil and will be joined by volunteers and relief efforts. Photos from the scene show recovery workers wading through thick black sludge, with huge areas of the beach covered in oil As reported by Reuters, TEMA (Tobago Emergency Management Agency) have said that around 2,000 barrels of oil have been collected so far, with significant improvements already seen on some beaches. Tobago’s economy being largely reliant on tourism and fishing, the spill is threatening the features that make the island a sought-after tourist getaway destination. However, for local communities, this spill threatens not only the environment but their own livelihoods.

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POLITICS|OILSPILLDEVASTATESTHECOASTLINESOFTOBAGO
However,forlocal communities,thisspill threatensnotonlythe environmentbuttheirown livelihoods.

Fishermen and small businesses dependent on the influx of tourists now face challenging times as the spill disrupts marine life and deters tourists from visiting. For fishermen, the once pristine waters and fertile fishing grounds are now at risk, meaning they are unable to sell fish that have been exposed to the oil-filled waters due to health risks associated with ingestion of toxins.

Economist Dr Marlene Attzs says, “there will be an economic cost associated with it [the spill] ” The agriculture and fisheries industries are directly threatened, likely increasing already-high seafood prices.” (Tobago oil spill threatens economy, environment).

Wildlife in the area is also under threat, as oil can affect marine life in many ways. If coated in it, oil can prevent fur from being insulating and feathers from being water-repellent, potentially causing hypothermia in birds by coating their feathers Furthermore, if inhaled or ingested it can lead to suffocation or poisoning.

There has been the utmost ecological concern caused by the Petit Trou Lagoon (featuring a complex interwoven mangrove forest) given that the area is covered with dense mangroves.

In the last two years, these mangroves have experienced a die-off that has left them more susceptible to hazards such as this oil spill. In systems such as mangroves, oil can smother roots and cause problems for its growth At sea, the oil predominantly stays at the surface, where it can easily be spread by currents and entrap birds and other marine animals, and when mixed with sand it can cause damage to coral reefs and grasses, affecting sea-floor communities, their growth, and their reproduction.

The oil spill has caused a national emergency for Trinidad and Tobago, threatening the economy as well as gravely affecting the ecosystems of the areas affected. Although waters and beaches are being cleaned, there is still demand for support in the aftermath of such a disaster. The devastating effects of oil spills are often downplayed and are not considered as serious as other issues such as deforestation, despite the fact that oil spills are a danger to humans, damage ecosystems, and threaten the economy of not only the locations hit but surrounding areas that can be hundreds of miles away Therefore, I ask that readers continue to inform themselves on the effects of these oil spills and spread the word so that others are more aware of these consequences.

Althoughwatersand beachesarebeing cleaned,thereisstill demandforsupportinthe aftermathofsucha disaster.
10TUSKANTIMES POLITICS|OILSPILLDEVASTATESTHECOASTLINESOFTOBAGO

C U L T U R E

FLACOTHEAVIANFUGITIVE:OBITUARY

Is a life spent on the run a life worth living? Flaco the Eurasian eagle-owl, former resident of Central Park Zoo, but more recently, fugitive owl free in the streets of New York City, has sadly passed away.

After the netting of his enclosure was cut in an act of vandalism in February of 2023, Flaco escaped into the wild of Manhattan, New York City For just over a year, Flaco received the attention of the media, and captured the hearts of New York’s residents and the wider world. His escape was a stroke of luck, and his time on the run an exhilarating risk – but was it worth taking?

Initially, there were concerns over whether or not the owl would be able to survive in the wild, after having spent a lifetime in captivity Additionally, as a Eurasian eagle-owl, generally found in continental Europe, Scandinavia, Central Asia, and parts of Russia, Manhattan was distant from his specie’s natural habitat. Eurasian eagle-owls’ natural homes are amidst mountains and rocky areas of forests They are nocturnal apex predators; hunting rodents, smaller birds, and sometimes other owls throughout the night (Cascades Raptor Center). Still, the owls are known to spend time in urban areas, using rooftops, windowsills, and terraces as cliff ledges over which they can watch the world below

"Isalifespentontherun alifeworthliving?”

Soon after the owl’s escape, Central Park Zoo and the New York Police Department made attempts to retrieve him They would locate the owl and place carriers nearby, aiming to entice Flaco back into the safety and comfort of a life of captivity.

However, Flaco valiantly eluded these efforts, flying away into the night It seemed he had made up his mind, choosing a life of danger and freedom, over one of captivity and constraint.

"Flacovaliantlyeluded theseefforts,flyingaway intothenight.Itseemed hehadmadeuphismind, choosingalifeofdanger andfreedom,overoneof captivityandconstraint.”

While Flaco initially appeared “terrified,” according to Karla Bloem, Executive Director of the International Owl Center in Houston, Minnesota However, concerns over his wellbeing were soon squashed. As he continued to evade the authorities, Flaco made a life for himself by mainly wandering Central Park, but also exploring the streets around the Park, throughout bustling Manhattan He would peer into the windows of unsuspecting residents and appear in the most unlikely of places. As time went on, Flaco grew comfortable with his surroundings, and became the “king of his environment,” according to falconer James Erying His hunting of rats was also in line with the rat mitigation force of the city. Kathleen Corraddi, New York City’s rat czar, commented that, “He seems to be thriving.” (Shanahan)

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CULTURE|FLACOTHEAVIANFUGITIVE:OBITUARY
“Astimewenton,Flaco grewcomfortablewithhis surroundings,andbecame the“kingofhis environment”

Gradually, Flaco developed a routine and a lifestyle Frequenting the North Woods and the Loch areas of Central Park, Flaco would hunt rodents, scour dumpsters and compost piles, and investigate construction sites While far from home, the owl had made New York City his natural habitat Still, the city streets proved menacing, especially cars –which had claimed Flaco’s predecessor in 2022. Gladys, a female Eurasian eagle-owl had fled from a Minnesota zoo, but was hit by a vehicle, just weeks after her escape (Ewald)

By October, Flaco had left the Park, either for seasonal wandering or due to a biological need to breed As New York possesses no female Eurasian eagle-owls, Flaco’s options were limited Some suggested Geraldine, a female great-horned owl, and fellow resident of the Park, but her whereabouts were unknown. While his hunt seemed futile, he had been heard hooting from rooftops during the night as his desperate search went on

After November, Flaco remained mainly outside of the Park, sleeping in apartment building courtyards during the day While he had managed to survive far past anyone’s expectations, the owl’s future could not be confirmed. Rat poison and vehicles could claim his life at any time.

On Friday, 23 February, Flaco met his untimely end as he collided with the window of Pjetar Nikac’s building on 89th Street. He was found alive, but extremely weak in the building’s courtyard With the help of Alan Drogin, building resident and birder, the pair rushed to provide Flaco with the help he needed. Unfortunately, Flaco was quickly pronounced dead – his reign of freedom had come to an end While whoever was responsible for shredding Flaco’s enclosure is still unknown, the Wildlife Conservation Society has declared that the vandal is responsible for the death of Flaco, having put his life in jeopardy by freeing the bird (Shanahan)

In Central Park’s North Woods, Flaco’s long-time domain, New York City residents paid tribute to the owl, placing flowers, letters, and owl dolls and toys beneath a tree. Breanne Delgado, paying homage to Flaco in the park, even said she was writing a children’s book about Flaco – he would be her “muse.” Ms. Delgado wasn’t the only individual using Flaco as a muse: poetry and rap lyrics mentioned him, a documentary film regarding Flaco’s life is reportedly in progress, and people were getting tattoos of Flaco Calicho Arevalo, a Colombian-born artist, began his ninth mural of Flaco posthumously (Shanahan).

"OnFriday,23February, Flacomethisuntimely endashecollidedwiththe windowofPjetarNikac’s buildingon89thStreet.”

For many, Flaco represented survival, freedom, and change He spent his year of freedom under the open-air, with no mesh to hold him back Flaco was a symbol of a deep dream, nursing subconsciously in the hearts of us all – true and utter freedom.

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CULTURE|FLACOTHEAVIANFUGITIVE:OBITUARY

TOURDEFRANCE2024

The Tour de France 2024 brings an exciting first for the history of Florence, and Italy as a whole. The widely esteemed and most important of the three grand tours in cycling will host its first stage or “Grand Depart" as it is referred to, in Florence! Not only that, but the first three stages of 21 will be hosted in Italy, before the race continues into France

After beginning in Florence, the cyclists will travel through Emilia Romagna, down the shores of the Adriatic, before ending in Rimani. The second stage of the race will run from Cesenatico featuring more climbing on the roads to Bologna. The third stage will cover 225 km from Piacenza to Turin, ending with a sprint finish in the capital of Piedmonte In total, these cycling routes will cover over 600 km of territory.

"TheTourdeFrance 2024bringsanexciting firstforthehistoryof Florence,andItalyasa whole.”

Though the Tour has established a loosely held tradition of starting the race outside of French borders, this year marks many firsts for the Tour It will be the first time that it starts in Italy, the first time it travels through Florence, and it is also the first time it will start from a UNESCO World Heritage site (Barbara).

There are a couple of reasons why the Tour has chosen to have its first three stages in Italy. Firstly, this year marks the 100th anniversary since Ottavio Bottecchia won the race as the first Italian rider ever to get first place (International)

"Itwillbethefirsttime thatitstartsinItaly,the firsttimeittravelsthrough Florence.”

Secondly, one of the most renowned figures of cycling, Gino Bartali, is a native of Tuscany, born in Ponte A Ema. To pay homage to this cycling great, the route of the first stage plans to pass symbolically in front of the Gino Bartali Museum in Ponte a Ema The museum is part of the Florentine Civic Museums and hosts exhibitions of bicycles, jerseys, memorabilia, vintage newspapers, publications and films documenting the history of cycling, as well as more detailed accounts of the lives of local champions As well as being known for his athletic ability, Bartali gained recognition for his acts of bravery during WW2, carrying messages to aid the Italian resistance efforts hidden on his bike

Additionally, the location pays tribute to the rich history of cycling legends in Italy, such as Gastone Nencini and Alfredo Martini and all of the Italian cyclists that have participated in the race throughout the years

While the actual races start on the 29th of june, as the cyclists navigate from La Cascine to Piazza della Signoria on route to its ultimate destination, Rimini, the festivities begin much earlier On Mar 21, 2024 Piazza della Repubblica will be dressed in yellow for the official 100-day countdown to the race. Later, on June 27th, the team presentations, an event unmissable to all cycling enthusiasts, will be held in Piazzale Michelangelo (Barabra)

Whether you are an avid follower of cycling, enjoy biking as a hobby or are simply interested in the spectacle, the Grand Depart will be an event not to be missed

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CULTURE|TOURDEFRANCE2024

TRADWIFE,THECRISCOCOVERED PATRIARCHY

Is trading your rights for the opportunity to bake cakes all day for your husband and many children really worth your while?

Put on your lipstick, crinolines, apron, and rubber dish gloves, and get ready for the saturated 1950s crisco covered male fantasy that is the “Tradwife ”

“Tradwife,” short for traditional wife, is one of the newest and most popular trends circulating on social media It basically entails the reintroduction and romanisation of the nuclear family and how by portraying the persona of a devoted homemaker will alleviate any need for feminism.

Therefore how is this new trend affecting feminism? Is this trend a harmless montage of colorful dresses and 1950’s hair? Or is it a strategic embodiment of the patriarchy?

The traditional roles of women in households is a somewhat controversial topic. Up until recently most western cultures had accepted that our society isn't just built of only nuclear family dynamics. Diversity has become more socially accepted. Around the world women have proven that they are not only worthy but should be entitled to the same career, opportunities and rights that any male counterparts have Women have fought for their rights vigorously and have risked their reputations, families, rights, and even lives to do so.

The women of Liberia held peaceful protests that ended the second civil war in Liberia Iranian women successfully put an end to polygamous marriage. Rwanda became the first modern democracy with a majority female legislature (56%) Malala Yousafzai, an advocate for girls’ education, became the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Saudi Arabian women’s ongoing protests ended the driving ban against women. The two NASA astronauts, Jessica Meir and Christina Koch, performed the first all-woman spacewalk Just to name a few

But as we take steps towards gender equality and women's rights, there are still major issues that we face. Whether that is in the respect of the law, or in the respect of societal standards and views, especially now with the rise of social media Of which the Tradwife phenomenon was born.

The “Tradwife” is a colloquial term, used mostly on social media apps, that refers to a woman who trades feminism and gender equality for a more “traditional” gendered role such as staying home, keeping house and taking care of children.

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CULTURE|TRADWIFE,THECRISCOCOVEREDPATRIARCHY

You can achieve such status in five easy steps: give up the ideal that you have rights to your body and mind, adhere to exaggerated conservative ideals, dedicate your life to your husband and baking cakes and post copious amounts of pictures and videos of your giant and immaculately clean house, and you will have achieved this new trend.

Though there are quite obviously no issues in embodying a role in your household and taking care of your children full-time, there is a clear distinction between the stay at home mothers and Tradwives

For example, any person can take on a more domestic role in their life, and pursue a life filled with homemaking and family, however no one should be obligated to do so. Being a stay at home mother should be a choice that every woman has the right to make Not a societal obligation or expectation that this new Tradwife trend is perpetuating.

“Beingastayat homemothershouldbea choicethateverywoman hastherighttomake.”

Women who are going along with the Tradwife trend on social media are creating dangerous stereotypes and are taking gender roles to an extreme.

Though this group may have a new name, the idea of the submissive, child rearing and cake baking woman has been prevalent in society for quite a long time. The concept of the nuclear family has been around and implemented in civilisation since the early 20th century. Which means the modern, more hidden societal oppression of women has existed for about one hundred years In western countries like the United States of America and Britain, legally women have the same rights as men.

Women have the right to live free from violence and discrimination, to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, to be educated, to own property, to vote and to earn an equal wage. Legally speaking women have attained equality to men

These western countries are not executing women for adultery, nor are they denying them the right to vote, but that does not mean that women live freely in these countries nor does that mean that oppression ceases to exist in these countries Modern oppression embodies the patriarchy, the modern unjust social system. Inequality still exists between the genders. Now, however, prejudice hides behind societal standards and expectations. Most members of society may not act openly sexist or misogynistic, but they abide by, commercialize and support destructive and dangerous gender stereotypes and expectations, even if it may be subconsciously. This society has internalized misogyny, which the Tradwife persona is marketing

“Thissocietyhas internalizedmisogyny, whichtheTradwife personaismarketing.”
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The issue of this new Tradwife trend is that it has reintroduced the obligation women have to society. The trend has preserved the moral imperative of the nuclear family dynamic that feminists worked so hard to combat and has romanticized a society in which women have no voice. The issue of the Tradwife phenomenon is not about an unjustified hatred for baking, embroidery and new hairstyles, but rather a genuine concern for the effects of this trend on young people as this trend is most popular on Tiktok, an app navigated mostly by Generation-Z. Modern day activists would be distraught that the stereotype of the 1950 housewife they fought so hard to alleviate from society has been reintroduced by Tradwives and has been heavily romanticized.

There is a difference between cleaning your house, making dinner for your family, and dressing conventionally feminine because you like to, versus because you are expected to

This traditional view on family is harmful to half of the population. Though certain, political parties and groups of influenciaò people Most prominently the far right may want you to believe that such a view is beneficial; they are not taking into account the lives of women.

The far right has always had issues with women's freedom and have obsessively focused on containing and eliminating such for centuries Why should we trust the far right's opinions on women's roles in society if they have no standard belief in women's rights? And why is it that women must have specified “roles'' in the first place? Men do not have specified roles or goals in society, men can be and do whatever they wish. They can climb the corporate ladder and they can also be fathers.

Some prominent Tradwives on apps like TikTok have argued that feminism has resulted in men being repressed and forcibly less masculine, as if women's freedom jeopardizes that of men’s Illustrating that we live in a world with limited freedom. When that is quite obviously not the case. It should be acceptable for each and every human to live a life that brings them joy.

To achieve equality we must not limit ourselves to simply giving women the same rights as men in a court of law, we must also prioritize women having freedom within society. Freedom which the patriarchy stops us from achieving The Tradwife is a prime example of the embodiment of prejudice in society and thus its danger Do not be fooled by big houses, pristine makeup, and hoop skirts. The Tradwife trend is the reintroduction of a manipulative societal standard. A standard that preaches women's obligation to a man's world, and is therefore something we should all take caution of.

“TheTradwifetrendisthe reintroductionofa manipulativesocietal standard.”
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O
P I N I O N

ASEPERATEPEACE:BOOKREVIEW

“I felt better Yes, I sensed it like the sweat of relief when nausea passes away; I felt better. We were even after all, even in enmity. The deadly rivalry was on both sides after all.” This excerpt is from A Separate Peace, the novel I will be reviewing today Written by John Knowles in 1959, this book is a tale of friendship, identity, and jealousy at an all-boys school during World War II.

The author, John Knowles was born in West Virginia in 1926 and was raised in a small town where he went to public schools until he was 15. He then attended Fairmont for Phillips Exeter Academy, a socially and academically challenging prep school in New Hampshire His experiences there inspired his future novels, both A Separate Peace and Peace Breaks Out. After graduating from Exeter, Knowles attended Yale University and studied English This was briefly interrupted when he went to serve for eight months in the U.S. Army Air Corps, but eventually returned and received his degree in 1949. Knowles spent the rest of his life writing and travelling. Some of his most famous books include A Separate Peace, Indian Summer, Spreading Fires, and A Stolen Past.

A Separate Peace begins with the main character, thirty-something-year-old Gene Forrester, visiting Devon School in New Hampshire and reflecting on his time there. The story then goes back in time to when he was a student and the rest of the novel is told from that point of view Gene is smart and a bit reserved, while Phineas (Gene’s best friend) is athletic and very outgoing. The boys skip class to go to the beach, invent games, and attend classes all while the war draft looms in the distance Phineas forms a club called the Super Suicide Society, where members have to jump off a very high tree into the water. He guilts Gene into jumping, an early hint at the dynamic of their friendship. After some time, a shocking incident occurs, which changes the course of their lives forever

I enjoyed reading this book, and I feel as though the title suits the story very well.

“InthefaceofWorldWarII andothertumultuoustruths, theboysareconstantly escapingrealitywheneverthey can,creatingtheirpeace; hencethetitle,“ASeparate Peace”

The prose is simple and easy to understand, and at the same time, there is a lot of depth. The characters are multifaceted and are not perfect, which I appreciate Oftentimes it was hard to read about some of the decisions made by both Gene and Phineas, and I would outwardly cringe; for example, when Gene puts on Phineas’s clothes while Phineas is gone or when Phineas convinces Gene to skip an important test to go to the beach

OPINION| ASEPARATEPEACE:BOOKREVIEW
21TUSKANTIMES
“Gene’shiddenjealousy andblind,unconditional loyaltypairedwith Phineas’ssuperiority complexandcharm createdtheperfectstorm inthisnovel”

This is probably the first time I disliked the characters in a book I really enjoyed

There were a lot of plot twists, the book kept me engaged the whole time, and the ending was shocking and not expected at all

This book is not action-packed, as one might assume. Rather, the writing is a dark academia, intellectual style that does not move fast. It is quite a manageable length and while it is seemingly simple, the writing style should not be overlooked as it is very descriptive and moving. I would recommend this book to those interested in themes regarding World War II and friendship dynamics

22TUSKANTIMES OPINION|ASEPARATEPEACEBOOKREVIEW

NOLONGERHUMAN:BOOKREVIEW

No Longer Human by Osamu Dazai is a captivating short novel in which the author encompasses three "notebooks" into one The book is rather heavy on the reader as it follows a semiautobiography of the author's life, exploring themes of depression, suicide, and addiction. The narration is in first person and accompanies the thoughts of Yozo Oba, the main character, who thinks of himself as lacking any particular traits that, as he had described, a "regular person" would have. Since 1948, the book has gained a mass following and is described to "echo the sentiments of youth" (A New Directions Publishing Company), and remains one of the ten best-selling books in Japan.

As described in the introduction, the book is a semi-autobiography Therefore, it is crucial to inform the readers about the author, Shuji Tsushima, also known by his pen name, Osamu Dazai. Dazai was born into a wealthy landowning family a little before the First World War in the summer of 1909 His father, also a politician, was one of the four most opulent businessmen in the Aomori region and, more often than not, spent his time in Tokyo away from his family. His mother was frequently ill, and consequently, he had been raised by the family's servants During his university years, he became associated with the Japanese communist party, an organization deemed illegal by the government at the time. He remained bound to the movement that would later cause discord between him and his family Throughout his life, he endured depression, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and addiction in a variety of forms. His life would end in the summer of 1948 in a double suicide, in which he and his lover, Tomie Yamazaki, jumped into a flooded river, drowning themselves

Synopsis:

The book is split into four sections: The First Notebook, The Second Notebook, The Third Notebook Part: One, and The Third Notebook Part: Two. A recurring theme of the book is that the main character, Yozo Oba, is afraid of showing what he perceives as his true self and thus puts on an act in front of every person he encounters He dubbs the act "clowning" as he masks his alienation from his surroundings. He portrays himself as a failure due to his self-diagnosed lack of understanding of other human beings Without any sentimental purpose, he writes the three notebooks as a means of recording the cruelties of life.

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"Heportrayshimselfasa failureduetohisselfdiagnosedlackof understandingofother humanbeings."

The First Notebook follows Yozo as a child and the formation of his "clowning" act around his family, due to his fear of disappointing his family The second notebook follows him through his elementary school years, up until his university studies. A particularly important section of the notebook is Yozo's relationship with a classmate named Takeichi, who was the only person who could see through the artificial identity The main character often quotes and returns to his classmate, as he once said a very peculiar statement. Yozo interpreted this as the idea that women will never love him for who he truly is, a belief that helped to further catalyze his act of "clowning" Moreover, in this section, Yozo encounters Masao Horiki, a person he would later accept, but not consider his friend despite spending significant amounts of time with him If anything, the main character often expresses his disdain for Horiki, calling him selfish and arrogant on numerous occasions. Nevertheless, during this period, the pair developed a close association with the communist party of the time. The third notebook begins after his first suicide attempt, where he, and Tsuneko, a woman he encountered in a bar while drunk, attempted to kill themselves by jumping into a flooded river in the hopes of drowning and not being found. Yozo eventually gets married and has a child, but remains depressed and spirals into an addiction to alcohol and then morphine.

Themes:

By this point, many readers would connect the life of Dazai to that of Yozo.

For some context, at the time of writing the book, suicide was deemed illegal, and was thought to bring great shame to one's family, so much so, that when Dazai's father heard of his suicide attempt, they retracted his college funds and if it were not for his brothers secretly sending allowances to him, he would have ended up on the street without a home It is believed by some that Dazai was attempting to convey his distaste for life in a novel by fabricating the persona of Yozo Oba, so that he could avoid his controversial thoughts. Though not to the same extent, ideologies of communism were viewed similarly in the eyes of the Japanese people, and it was also punishable by law to identify oneself with Marxism.

"Itisbelievedbysome thatDazaiwas attemptingtoconvey hisdistasteforlifeina novelbyfabricating thepersonaofYozo Oba,sothathecould avoidhiscontroversial thoughts."

Themes of depression and suicide are widely propagated in the latter sections of the novel, with the addition of addiction in the third notebook Furthermore, the themes of mutual sufferance, stigmatization, and mental health are heavily emphasized throughout the novel. All of these themes rotate around the main character, who is repeatedly depicted as a drunk, addict, and goodfor-nothing by the narrator, also known as, himself. Yozo's self-hatred and depression limit him to a level in which he can barely maintain function in society

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His instability and tendencies to mentally collapse are evidenced by the fact that after he takes up drawing in a small newspaper publishing company, he appears to retrieve a modicum of joy and what he would describe as "humanness " However, in moments where the publishing company was selling poorly, or his work was critiqued, he frequently indulged in the usage of heroin to boost himself through work

"Readers of the book may notice that Yozo is a rather disturbing individual and is often quite polarizing due to his instability as a person. This is likely caused bytheauthor'sinstabilityin his last year of life, the same year that he would publishNoLongerHuman."

The themes of the protagonist also translate onto other side characters, as in the example of Yoshiko, a seventeen-year-old bartender, who is an incredibly friendly person, attempting to help Yozo by getting him to agree to stop his habit of drinking When Yoshiko is sexually assaulted, Yozo blames himself for being in the vicinity, yet not doing anything This leads to Yozo believing her to be over-trusting, and blames her for getting raped.

Characters

Certainly the best-written character in the book is Yozo, the protagonist, who expresses complex emotions throughout the book, gravitating between arduous themes such as depression and escapism. Yozo is not capable of dealing with his feelings of self-hatred and indoctrinates himself into creating an alternate persona that barricades himself against criticism - one of, if not his biggest fear - in a manner that shields him from any minute threat that could make his day even a little bit worse..

On the other hand, the book contains many characters who possess deep sentiments, and express it in many forms, as in the case of Flatfish, an acquaintance of the protagonist's father. Though he deeply cares for Yozo, he remains cold with him, to achieve the goal with which Oba Sr entrusted him Another example is the case of Shizuko, a woman who meets Yozo and takes sympathy for his depression. Shizuko has a fair amount of character development, which can be seen towards the end of the book when she decides to allow Horiki and Flatfish to take Yozo to a sanatorium Throughout the third notebook, her reluctance to let go of Yozo could also be seen as foolish and youthfully hopeful, despite the protagonist abandoning her and their child Shigeko

"However,oneofthe maindownfallsofthe bookisthelackof characterdepthinmany ofthefemalecharacters."

The book shares a plethora of characters that provide a wide range of similar traits and emotions, such as Shizuko and Yozo. However, one of the main downfalls of the book is the lack of character depth in many of the female characters For the most part, they seem rather two-dimensional, with one being a general character trait to their name and the second one being the admiration or captivity that they hold for the main character While it is true that all characters in the book had pronounced flaws, it does not excuse the potential for personality which was excluded from them. Although it should be mentioned that many authors wrote women in a rather similar fashion at the time, and crucially, despite the book being a diary, the protagonist seems to elevate himself when it comes to his physical charms, disregarding the objectification of women in the story, while also putting himself on a pedestal.

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Reader's reaction

My thoughts on the book are positive for the majority It must be said that the book is extremely sorrowful and it is not something to read on a quiet Saturday afternoon when looking for joy.

The plot of the book is complex, and explores many areas of the human mind, especially on heavier themes that numerous people are uncomfortable with, such as depression, addiction, suicide, etc Furthermore, for the most part, the characters are complex and have their individual meanings, purposes, and goals. The only small caveat that I found was the lack of development in women in the book, as I mentioned earlier in the article To add to this, the themes are discussed in a minute and in-depth manner, allowing for a clear understanding for the reader regarding some actions that might seem out of the norm Despite the obvious dejective state of the book, I was hooked by the author and finished the book in two days, and enjoyed it plenty. However, I would recommend that when reading the book, it should be spaced out to be read in little increments, rather than large chunks, as I cannot emphasize how emotionally draining it is on the reader, due to the rather uncomfortable content present. I would suggest this book for people who are my age (sixteen years old) or older, for the following reasons: The complexity of emotions may be lost or misunderstood given a lower age, and the dangers of exposing oneself to the dark topics present in the book. I especially recommend the book for those who are in high school or university, as the novel shares many messages that my generation can relate to, to a certain extent, such as the addiction to technology. A more important theme, however, is alienation. Over 72% of my generation claims to feel alone sometimes or always (Forbes), and perhaps this book could find a common ground with the reader Overall, for its emotional complexity and thought-indulging topics, I can confidently say that it was an enjoyable read which I would suggest to all who can read it.

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“DUNE:PART2”MOVIEREVIEW

Saying that I had high expectations entering the movie theater to watch "Dune: Part 2" (the sequel to 2021's "Dune") is an understatement Denis Villeneuve, the director of the movie, is, in my opinion, one of the most renowned movie directors of all time —alongside other greats such as Scorcese, Coppola, Tarantino, Kubrick, and others with a record of top-class movies of all genres; from psychological thrillers, "Prisoners" and, "Enemy" to renowned sci-fi movies like, "Blade Runner: 2049" and his adaptation of Frank Herbert's books, "Dune". Moreover, my expectations were not only set high from the respect I had for the director but also from the overwhelming success of the first "Dune" movie, grossing almost $435 million at the box office, and a 90% Audience Score on "Rotten Tomatoes." Based on this, it's safe to say the sequel had a lot to live up to, not only to me but to the entire audience

Finally, after having spent 2 hours and 46 minutes in the theater and having enjoyed every second of it, I can confidently say that Villeneuve's "Dune: Part 2" not only reached but exceeded my expectations, having flawlessly continued the story and narrative of the characters and the world portrayed in the first movie.

The film continues the story of Paul Atreides (played by Timothee Chalamet) as he embraces his destiny as the ‘chosen one’ "Lisan al Gaib" on the desert planet Arrakis, understanding the community of the Fremen and facing formidable foes, including the Baron Harkonnen (Stellan Skarsgard) and newly introduced characters such as Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen (Austin Butler) and Princess Irulan (Florence Pugh), and being a part of political conflicts between Great Houses and factions of the "Dune" universe.

“Icanconfidentlysay thatVilleneuve's"Dune: Part2"notonlyreached butexceededmy expectations,having flawlesslycontinuedthe storyandnarrativeofthe charactersandtheworld portrayedinthefirst movie.”
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While the first movie delved into the understanding and the creation of Paul Atriedies, building up the world to the audience and introducing the diverse palette of characters and communities of the "Dune" universe, the sequel managed to, with unbelievable success, develop the connection between the characters, enforce the audience's understanding of the setting (Planet Arrakis), and expand the narrative of the story (although taken and inspired from Frank Herbert's novels) in a way that felt smooth, uncoerced, and right for the characters. For example, Villeneuve expands the character of Paul after introducing him in the first movie as the supposed ‘chosen one’, "Lisan al Gaib," and showing his growth into becoming the chosen one in "Part 2." Furthermore, the relationship between the characters develops in comparison to the first movie, such as the relationship between Paul and the love interest of "Part 2," Chani (Zendaya), who, although present in the first installment of the franchise, had near to no purpose to the narrative of the story, to now being an integral and crucial part of the story.

The world-building of Villeneuve in this sequel is miraculous, depicting different worlds with characteristics adapted to its people, characters, and desired emotions the director attempts to imbue in the audience Other than the building of the world of Arrakis in the first movie, including its sandworms and natives, Villeneuve branches out to the world and technologies of other characters, such as the planet of House Harkonnen, "Giedi Prime."

"Theworld-buildingof Villeneuveinthissequelis miraculous,depicting differentworldswith characteristicsadaptedto itspeople,characters,and desiredemotionsthe directorattemptstoimbue intheaudience."

Although not exactly to the description in the books, the world of the Harkonnen in the movie is under a black sun that, while shedding light onto the planet, rids it of any color, making everything monochrome. The Harkonnen are vicious, emotionless, and psychotic characters of the "Dune" universe, so the monochromatic visual of their world and environment reflects their character onto the audience, managing to instill a sense of nervousness and fear. Adding on to the world-building, Villeneuve includes a variety of technology other than that previously noted in the first movie, such as new spacecraft and spiceharvesting machines, that truly invest you into the world of "Dune." Regardless of the greatness of characters and the investing world the director has built, a stand-out quality of not only "Part 2" but also "Part 1" is the score, handsomely provided by Hans Zimmer (score composer of "Interstellar," "Pirates of the Caribbean," and others).

Zimmer truly is a gem in the film industry in the sense that he always manages to gain an understanding of the movie to the point where he can successfully compose music that perfectly embodies the characters, setting, tone, and emotions presented throughout, and most importantly, actually sounds good The high quality of the music is the main driving force of audience involvement in the theater, connecting every individual in the room to every event and character on screen.

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inally, the cinematography and shot production throughout the movie is phenomenal. From every wide shot to every close-up, the movie looks outstanding, powerfully adapting the world and emotions of "Dune" onto the big screen with immense success

The movie adaptations by Villeneuve have covered the events of just the first out of the six "Dune" books by Frank Herbert, the only book of the "Dune" universe that I have read myself Both movies are generally truthful to the source material but still differ in certain portrayals of events and characters. Although the adaptations may not be entirely faithful to the book, they are still unbelievable and immersive pieces of cinema In conclusion, Villeneuve's "Dune: Part 2" undoubtedly exceeded my expectations.

Zimmer truly is a gem in the film industry in the sense that he always manages to gain an understanding of the movie to the point where he can successfully compose music that perfectly embodies the characters, setting, tone, and emotions presented throughout, and most importantly, actually sounds good The high quality of the music is the main driving force of audience involvement in the theater, connecting every individual in the room to every event and character on screen.

The music, the visuals, the characters, and every characteristic of the movie organically work together to advance the narrative and characters while keeping the audience glued to the screen, such as the skillful composing of the music that brings the world of "Dune" come to life or visual adaptations like the planet of House Harkonnen with its surreal and emotionally evoking visuals. Regardless of how faithful the movie is to the book, I highly recommend you watch Villeneuve's "Dune: Part 2", an impossible masterpiece that will leave you in awe.

"Themusic,thevisuals,the characters,andevery characteristicofthemovie organicallyworktogether toadvancethenarrative andcharacterswhile keepingtheaudience gluedtothescreen"
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DAFTPUNK’SDISCOVERY,THEFOUNDING PILLAROFELECTRONICDANCEMUSIC

The Album

By 2001, the French duo, Daft Punk, was already well established in the electronic music industry: after the release of their debut album Homework in 1997, singles like “Around the World”, “Burnin” and “Revolution 909” had become hits on a global level or as the group would most likely say, popular all around the world At that point, expectations from fans were extremely high and with such an impactful start to their career, it seemed to be very hard for the duo to follow up without disappointments On March 9, 2001, Discovery was released and unsurprisingly enough, fans were upset: the stylistical shift from the unaltered house genre to a more melodic/disco sound was initially judged very negatively by both common listeners and critics. Au contraire, Discovery is today considered to be one of the most influential albums of the twenty-first century in all of music

The entire album constitutes a generational success, having become a source of inspiration and sampling for many world renowned hip-hop artists like Kanye West (Stronger, 2007), 50 Cent and Kendrick Lamar (We up, 2013) But most importantly, the record marks the beginning of a new era of electronic music which is today engraved in pop culture, whereas originally it was only considered by a few listeners of underground music

“Therecordmarks thebeginningofa neweraofelectronic music”

Tracks and overall rating

The album opens with the single One more time, one of the most famous works of the robotic duo. The repeating melody is a sample from the 1979 single, More spell on you, by Eddie Johns with a mix of drums, trumpet and a hint of what seems to be the sound of the triangle. Daft Punk is able to transform this mélange of simple sounds into an iconic disco anthem with their classic electronic vocals and rhythmic changes, immediately setting the energetic tone for the next song, Aerodynamic.

“DaftPunkisableto transformthismélangeof simplesoundsintoan iconicdiscoanthem”

Here the melody is anticipated by a low-pitched bell sound which repeats four times before suddenly bursting into a groovy theme of drums and guitar; the song’s adrenaline rush is amplified by an electric guitar solo in the very middle which marks its absolute climax, before fading back into the nostalgic bell sounds and into the next song, Digital Love.

OPINION| DAFTPUNK’SDISCOVERY,THEFOUNDINGPILLAROFEDM
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This one is a personal favorite: the lyrics narrate a romantic dream which is abruptly interrupted by the morning sun, but it’s not your typical love song For this one, Daft Punk samples the single I love you more by George Duke, building on it intricate layers of fabulous guitar riffs and beat switches accompanied by the varied sounds of synthesizers to compose truly one of the greatest dance songs of all time

The remaining half of the album, signaled by the interlude Nightvision, is just as fun and smooth as the first one with absolute masterpieces like Veridis Quo (which isn’t latin and simply means “very disco” or, if rearranged, “discovery”) and Face to Face, a song crafted with the use of six samples from six different singles The final song entitled Too Long encapsulates the longevity of the group’s sound, lasting exactly ten minutes and quite evidently hesitating to end the electric flow of Discovery.

“Thefinalsongentitled TooLongencapsulatesthe longevityofthegroup’s sound,lastingexactlyten minutesandquite evidentlyhesitatingtoend theelectricflowof Discovery.”

Overall, this is a spectacular album where the legendary French duo is able to convey all sorts of emotions, from nostalgia to sheer happiness, bringing to life the infinite possibilities of EDM. Although the melodies may seem repetitive, I personally believe that Discovery is one of the few cases where this doesn’t generate either monotony or boredom but rather contributes to the creation of a fantastic musical voyage. I recommend everyone to explore this album in its entirety without stopping at the groove of One more time, which is quite simply only the beginning. Enjoy!

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ALLEGRA DI FLORIO

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AMELIA WINKLER

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B
I B L I O G R A P H Y

B I B L I O G R A P H Y

COCO FERRARI-ROSS

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Barbara. “Tour de France 2024 - Why Florence Is the Must-Visit Destination! - Tuscany.tips.” Tuscany Tips, 25 Oct. 2023, tuscany.tips/tour-de-france-2024florence/#: :text=As%20unveiled%20in%20Paris%2C%20the Accessed 8 Mar 2024

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OLIVIA DICK

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