FIA International Historical Commission - Brochure by Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile

SECURING THE FUTURE OF OUR MOTORING HERITAGE PRESERVING HISTORIC VEHICLES’ PLACE ON THE ROADS OF TOMORROW

Forewords Forewords Forewords The FIA has supported motor vehicles in shaping The FIA has supported motor vehicles in shaping The FIA supported motor vehicles shaping the century’s social, industrial andineconomic th has The20th FIA has supported vehicles shaping the 20 century’s social,motor industrial and in economic the 20th century’s social,vehicles industrial development. Historic areand stilleconomic bringing development. Historic areand still economic bringing the 20th century’s social,vehicles industrial development. Historic stillWe bringing substantial value to ourvehicles societyare today. need substantial value to ourvehicles society are today. need development. Historic stillWe bringing substantial to ourour society today.heritage We needby to continuevalue preserving motoring to continue value preserving motoring substantial to ourour society today.heritage We needby to continue preserving our motoring heritage by giving them a place on the roads of tomorrow. to continue motoring heritage by giving thempreserving a place on our the roads of tomorrow. giving them a place on the roads of tomorrow. giving them a place on the roads of tomorrow.

The advent of the automobile and the motorbike in The advent of the automobile and the motorbike in The the automobile and the motorbike the advent late 19thofcentury has revolutionised mobilityin The advent the automobile and the motorbike the late 19thofcentury has revolutionised mobility in the late 19thyears century has revolutionised after 5,000 of animal-drawn wheelmobility mobility. after 5,000 years of animal-drawn wheelmobility mobility. the late 19th century has revolutionised after 5,000toyears animal-drawn wheel mobility. We need workoftogether to preserve this heritage We workof together to preserve thismobility. heritage afterneed 5,000toyears animal-drawn wheel We to work together to preserve this heritage andneed maintain historic vehicles on the roads as a and maintain historic vehicles on the roads as a We need to work together to preserve this heritage and maintain historic vehicles on themuseum. roads as a living testimony of an ever-moving and maintain historic on themuseum. roads as a living testimony of anvehicles ever-moving living testimony of an ever-moving museum. living testimony of an ever-moving museum.

Mohammed Mohammed Ben Ben Sulayem, Sulayem, Mohammed Ben Sulayem, Mohammed FIA PresidentBen Sulayem, FIA President FIA President FIA President

Giuseppe Redaelli, Redaelli, Giuseppe Giuseppe Redaelli, Giuseppe Redaelli, FIA International Historical Commission President FIAInternational International HistoricalCommission CommissionPresident President FIA Historical FIA International Historical Commission President

Motorcycling is is a major major segment segment having having historic historic Motorcycling Motorcycling is aa major segment having historic Motorcycling is a major segment having historic and technological technological interest for enthusiasts enthusiasts and and interest for and and technological interest for enthusiasts and and technological collectors alike. interest for enthusiasts and collectors alike. collectors alike. collectors alike.and social impact of motoring The economic The The economic economic and and social social impact impact of of motoring motoring heritage is invaluable andimpact must be The economic and social of protected. motoring heritage heritage is is invaluable invaluable and and must must be be protected. protected. heritage is invaluable and must be protected. Our pieces of history must be preserved and Our pieces of history must be preserved and Our of must and Our pieces pieces for of history history must be be preserved preserved and accounted in the legislative framework. accounted for in the legislative framework. accounted for in the legislative framework. accounted for in the legislative framework.

Since is strongly strongly committed committed to to the the Since 1966 1966 FIVA FIVA is Since 1966 FIVA is strongly committed to the Since 1966 FIVA strongly committed the preservation andiscelebration celebration of historic historicto vehicles. preservation and of vehicles. preservation and celebration of historic vehicles. preservation and celebration of historic vehicles. “Yesterday’s vehicles on tomorrow’s tomorrow’s roads” “Yesterday’s vehicles on roads” “Yesterday’s vehicles on tomorrow’s roads” “Yesterday’s vehicles Fuelled on tomorrow’s roads” of remains our mission. mission. Fuelled by the the passion passion of remains our by remains our mission. Fuelled by the passion of remains mission. Fuelled by the passion ofcan millions we ensure that generations millions our we will will ensure that next next generations can millions we will ensure that next generations can millions we will ensure that next generations enjoy cars and as enjoy historic historic cars and motorcycles motorcycles as much much as ascan enjoy historic cars and motorcycles as much as enjoy we now. we do dohistoric now. cars and motorcycles as much as we do now. we do now.

Jorge Viegas, Jorge Viegas, Jorge Viegas, JorgePresident Viegas, FIM FIM President FIM President President FIM

Tiddo Bresters, Tiddo Bresters, TiddoPresident Bresters, Tiddo Bresters, FIVA FIVA President FIVA President FIVA President

A motoring heritage to preserve The cars, motorcycles, vans, trucks, buses, agricultural vehicles and steam engines of yesterday are our motoring heritage. This heritage not only presents the physical timeline of the evolution of motorised transport, it also helped shape 20th century social, industrial and economic development. • The advent of the motor vehicle radically changed living and working structures; it advanced the growth of urban and industrial areas and road networks which together reshaped the physical landscape; and it contributed greatly to social mobility. • Vehicles also paved the way for enhanced leisure opportunities with easier travel and the advent of motor sport. • Historic vehicles themselves are one of the clearest identifiers of the evolution of 20th century technical and design evolution. These developments are embodied in the historic vehicles which are being preserved by millions of owners around the world. 4

Every owner has preserved their vehicle because of their passion for it. Every owner is also sharing a free museum of motoring heritage on the roads with future generations.

Historic vehicles are a part of our technical and cultural heritage. This heritage must be preserved. UNESCO1, The European Union2 and many national governments endorse historic vehicles as part of our technical and cultural heritage.

Historic vehicles: a shared culture Historic vehicles span the vehicle fleet – they can cost less than a modern small car, or be rare and highly valuable. They can have two wheels or multiple axles. They can be just 30 years old or have been built more than 120 years ago. A common denominator is that they are cherished by their owners. The Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) and the Fédération Internationale des Véhicules Anciens (FIVA) define a historic vehicle as a mechanically propelled road vehicle: which is at least 30 years old; preserved and maintained in a historically correct condition; and not used as a means of daily transport. Historic vehicles are therefore a part of our technical and cultural heritage. This definition reflects the fact that the vehicles have been specifically preserved by their owners in a manner which has maintained their historical correctness. Owners dedicate time, effort and money to the maintenance of their vehicles, using them sparingly, driving them carefully, which ensures that engines are in proper working condition. Historic vehicles are clearly defined and are a very small section of the vehicle fleet.

Historic vehicles and the environment The mobility environment is changing rapidly, driven by technical innovation and societal pressure to ensure sustainable, affordable and smart mobility. New vehicles must meet strict pollutant emission and noise limits and the electric vehicle fleet is growing exponentially. Access to some towns and cities is increasingly being regulated by low emission or zero emission zones. Semi-autonomous vehicles are becoming more common and a vehicle fleet populated by fully autonomous vehicles which will communicate with each other and the road infrastructure is a realistic possibility. In this environment, historic vehicles will be increasingly different from the vehicle fleet, with the possibility that they may not be allowed or may not be able to use segments of the road network. Because of their limited use and maximised life cycle, historical vehicles contribute to environmentally responsible mobility. Many low emission zones in Europe already treat historic vehicles appropriately and exempt them from charging or use restrictions.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Repair

REDUCE

Although historic vehicles cannot match the emission standards of modern vehicles, they contribute to environmentally responsible mobility through limited use and maximised lifespan: REPAIR

REUSE

• The historic vehicle community is strongly engaged in testing the suitability of synthetic e-fuels for use in the vehicles. • A couple of FIVA surveys3 have shown that historic vehicle owners drive, on average, only 1,462 Km per year and this use is rarely in peak urban traffic. This is unsurprising as historic vehicle owners use modern vehicles in their daily lives.

RECYCLE

HISTORIC VEHICLES HAVE A MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

• Owners use their historic vehicles sparingly because of their passion for them. Their objective is to preserve the vehicle and minimal use is not only practical, it also benefits preservation. • Because of their passion for their vehicles, owners maintain their vehicles’ engines very well and drive/ride them very safely. • The act of owning a historic vehicle negates the need to end the life of the vehicle because the owners’ specific aim is to preserve the vehicles in perpetuity.

THEIR EMISSIONS ARE A TINY FRACTION OF THOSE OF THE OVERALL VEHICLE FLEET, THEIR PARTS ARE WELL PRESERVED AND REUSED. 7

The economic and social value of motoring heritage Owners look after their vehicles and maintain them to a high standard. This fact means that the preservation of historic vehicles is an industry in itself. Thousands of garages, specialist restorers, paint shops, upholsterers and spare parts manufacturers across the world provide services for historic vehicle owners. The vast majority of these are small and medium sized businesses. Additionally, many thousands of magazines, websites, specialist insurers and technical suppliers serve the historic vehicle community. In addition to this vast ecosystem, the business of events and touring generates significant income over short periods of time in local communities. The economic value of the historic vehicles industry is substantial: commissioned research in 20204 found that historic vehicle owners spend an annual average of 4,858 € each on their historic vehicle. The annual value of the entire historic vehicles sector is at least 10 billion Euros5.

>€10B

ANNUAL VALUE OF HV BUSINESS

~120K

AVERAGE NUMBER OF JOBS ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE HV RESTORATION BUSINESS

€4,858

ANNUAL SPENDING OF HV OWNERS ON THEIR VEHICLES

The economic impact of historic vehicle events has also been calculated in order to provide a sense of their value. For example, the Federation of British Historic Vehicle Clubs assessed in detail the Austin-Healey Club event in Crieff in Scotland in 20136. It found that 495 people from 14 different countries travelled in 249 cars to Crieff, spent over £950,000 in the UK and left an overall financial benefit to the town of £275,000. This is just one event among thousands which take place every year across the world, bringing people together to share their passion with other owners and with the public.

A A global global industry industry accounting accounting for for thousands thousands of of jobs jobs These These events events are are organised organised and and staged staged by by the the many many thousands thousands of of historic historic vehicle vehicle clubs clubs around around the the world. world. The The social social benefits benefits these these clubs clubs offer offer by by bringing bringing people people together, together, often often across across borders, borders, are are immeasurable. immeasurable. And And with with the the impulse impulse of of social social media, the passion media, the passion for for historic historic vehicles vehicles is is becoming becoming even even more more of of aa shared shared form form of of culture. culture. The A The social social value value of of this this business business is is equally equally significant. significant. A 2014 survey35 found that the the restoration restoration businesses businesses found that 2014 FIVA FIVA survey accounted for for between between 100,000-140,000 100,000-140,000 jobs. jobs. accounted These businesses businesses are are maintaining These maintaining trades trades and and skills skills which which need to to be be preserved. preserved. In In parallel, parallel, historic historic vehicle vehicle federations federations need actively encourage encourage young young people people to to join join the the trade trade as as it it offers offers actively the opportunity opportunity to to not not only only learn learn and and use use traditional traditional skills, skills, the but to to also also marry marry them them with with modern modern vehicle vehicle restoration restoration but techniques exploiting exploiting digital digital technologies. technologies. techniques And in in an an era era when when vehicle vehicle ownership ownership is is declining declining in in young young And urban based based populations populations as as car car sharing, sharing, carpooling carpooling and and urban e-hailing services services reduce reduce the the need need for for vehicle vehicle ownership, ownership, e-hailing it is is encouraging encouraging that that so so many many thousands thousands of of people people of of all all it ages attend attend historic historic vehicles vehicles events events –– not not as as owners, owners, but but ages as enthusiasts enthusiasts and and as as potential potential owners. owners. These These events events keep keep as the heritage heritage alive alive and and available available to to the the public. public. the

FIA, FIA, FIM FIM (FÉDÉRATION (FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONALE DE DE MOTOCYCLISME) HISTORICAND MOTOCYCLISME) AND AND FIVA FIVA URGE URGE THE REGULATORS VEHICLE COMMUNITY WORK TOGETHER WITH LEGISLATORS TO WORKTO TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORIC REGULATORS AND LEGISLATORS. VEHICLE COMMUNITY. WE ENSURE THAT THAT HISTORIC HISTORIC VEHICLES VEHICLES CONTINUE CONTINUE TO WE MUST MUST ENSURE HAVE A PLACE ON ON TOMORROW’S ROADS. TO HAVE A PLACE TOMORROW’S ROADS. THE THE SURVIVING SURVIVING MOTORING MOTORING HERITAGE HERITAGE OF OF OUR OUR SOCIETY SOCIETY CAN CAN THEN THEN BE BE ENJOYED ENJOYED BY BY THE THE FUTURE FUTURE GENERATIONS. GENERATIONS.

710

Looking ahead There is real concern that regulatory and technological change may in the future prevent the use of historic vehicles because of their difference to the modern vehicles fleet, and alleged incompatibility with the mobility environment or the availability of suitable fuels. If these vehicles are no longer able to be driven, the vast majority will disappear – and most of them will join the large scrap-heap of motoring history. This does not need to happen — nor should it happen. Our motoring heritage needs to be preserved and capitalised on for future generations to understand and enjoy it. Fortunately, there are enthusiasts willing to devote their time and financial resources to preserving this valuable heritage. These owners are the custodians of our motoring heritage, playing their part before passing the heritage on to the next generation. But these custodians cannot preserve this valuable heritage alone. They need the understanding and support of regulators and legislators. Recognition is required for the effort and intervention they put into preserving vehicle heritage when threats arise, whether those are intentional or unintentional. Efforts must be devoted to ensuring regulatory or technical solutions can be found to ensure the vehicles remain on the roads in the care of respectful and knowledgeable owners.

NOTES 1. FIVA has gained United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation consultative NGO status, see Rapport Unesco-201 2. Recital 28 of Directive (EU) 2022/362 of 24 February 2022 amending Directives 1999/62/EC, 1999/37/EC and (EU) 2019/520, as regards the charging of vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures 3. 2014 Research undertaken by market research company GfK, Delft University of Technology and Fontys University of Applied Sciences held in 15 EU countries, with response from nearly 20,000 owners, 1500 historic vehicle clubs and 1000 businesses; and JDA 2019 survey of historic vehicle owners and businesses in 74 countries 4. 2020 FIVA global Survey in cooperation with JDA research. 5. Estimated figure for the 2 million people represented by FIVA alone. 6. Economic Impact of the 4th European Healey Meeting, Crieff, Scotland; University of Brighton, May 2013.

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