Jaevon A5 booklet Notions of home by Jaevon Liew

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CONTENTS

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Contects Thesis Statement

Notions of Home

5-7

Site Background

8-14

Melbourne as Home

15-18

The edge

19-29

Soft edges in residential area

30-37

The benefits of soft edges in residential area

38-41

Vision for AHE

42-51

Analysis of House Design

52-60

Analysis of Housing Planning

61-65

Design Outcome

66-95

References

96-98

Image Credits Appendix

CONTENTS | 3

99-101 102-115

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This design thesis argues that good housing design lies in the relationship between building edges and space boundaries. The quality of housing is influenced by the treatment of edges between dwellings and dwelling groups. The threshold, as the key to transition and connection between areas with differing territorial claims, constitutes the spatial condition for the meeting and dialogue between areas of different orders.

Flexible boundaries in the form of transitional zones will often be able to function as connecting links, which will either invite or repel activities. The treatment of dwelling edges, particularly the lower floors of building, has a decisive on life in its neighbourhood and city space. The edge is vital to the quality of housing and the vitality of the surrounding urban area.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;If the edges fails, then the space never becomes livelyâ&#x20AC;? -Christopher Alexander, A Pattern Language (1977)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

THESIS STAEMENT | 4

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NOTIONS OF HOME

The smell of my mother’s perfume. Even though we live 3,000 miles apart, if I walk down the street and someone is wearing it, I immediately feel like I’m home. Lynne Nesselrode, San Diego, California

ET SA F

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

NOTIONS OF HOME | 6

FAMIL RITY IA

PO RT

Home is where my own bed is. Jenny Steadman Shaker Heights, Ohio

NG RI

Winter Skelton Springfield, Missouri

Home isn’t a place; it’s a feeling.

EL TE

Home is a place you can feel comfortable cooking breakfast in your pajamas. Danielle Halloran Folsom, California

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NOTIONS OF HOME | 7

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HUMAN NEEDS

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SITE BACKGROUND

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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The Atherton Housing Estate (AHE) is situated in the suburb of Fitzroy, which is located immediately to the north east of Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Central Business District (CBD) Housing type for current site:

Progressive program of internal renovation - fitted with modernised kitchen and bathrooms and the layout of apartments has been re-configured to combine kitchen and living areas, introducing greater natural light and sense of space to the dwellings

1 Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-Assessment-Fitzroy-Final-Report-2012.pdf. p46 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SITE BACKGROUND | 10

DEMOGRAPHICS The age profile of the AHE population is notably different from that of Fitzroy and Greater Melbourne. The differences most likely reflect the attractiveness of the Fitzroy area to young professional singles and couples, whereas the AHE is home to a large proportion of families with dependent children.

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DEMOGRAPHICS

SITE BACKGROUND

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FACILITIES NEAR AHE

Looking at the demographics of AHE, there is a need to have more activity centre and recreational spaces for youth. This will ensure that there is enough facilities to assist their growth and learning experiences in life.

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MELBOURNE AS HOME

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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PEOPLE FROM ALL NATIONS

MELBOURNE GRAFITTI

SECRET LANEWAYS WALKING

FOOD

BOULEVARDS

TRAMS

TREES

FITZROY

ART

COFFEE

LIVE PERFORMANCES BARS

PUBS

FASHION SECOND HAND SHOP GIFTS

BOOKS

MELBOURNE AS HOME

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WALKING

BRUNSWICK ROAD TRAMS BIKE

COMMERCIAL ART GALLER-

PEOPLE FROM ALL NATIONS

CAFES

PUBLIC HOUSING ARTHERTON GARDENS ESTATE PLAYGROUND COMMUNITY GARDEN

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MELBOURNE-THE LIVELY CITY “Life in the city is a self-reinforcing process. Something happens because something happens because something happens. Once a children’s game gets going, it can quickly attract more participants.[...] People come where people are.” -Jan Gehl1

Lower buildings Logical routes Human scale outdoor spaces

WHY IS MELBOURNE A LIVELY CITY?

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p23 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

MELBOURNE AS HOME

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Slow moving traffic Good city space, mix functions

Soft city edges

CITY EDGES -where the building and city meet â&#x20AC;&#x153;A 2003 study of Copenhagen shopping streets shows that the activity level in front of active facade is seven times greater than in front of passive facades.â&#x20AC;? The scale and rhythm, transparency, appeal to many senses, texture and details, mixed functions and vertical facade rhythm contributes greatly to the liveliness of a place around a bulding.

Edges that define space

Edges as experience zone

CITY EDGES Edges that exchange zone

Edges as staying zone

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p113 MELBOURNE AS HOME

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CITY EDGES -where the building and city meet The treatment of cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edges, particularly the lower floors of building, has a decisive on life in city space.

Chatting by

Sitting on

Looking at display

Shopping next to

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

MELBOURNE AS HOME | 18

sitting and resting

Taking a break

THE EDGES: LIFE BETWEEN BUILDINGS

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THE EDGE The edge-where the building and city meet-is also vital to the quality of housing and the vitality of the surrounding urban area. The exchange zone between the private and public spheres.

SOFT EDGES

FRONT YARD IS THE BALCONY It is interesting that the front yards, where proximity to residence, space, plants and local climate can be combined with contact with surroundings, were used far more often than balconies where space, climate and contact are poorer.1

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p48 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

THE EDGE

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THE EDGE Images below show some of the use of balcony in a more creative way, having an indoor/ outdoor zone which allow people to look at the exterior and provide passive surveillance for the public space.

Extension of private space to public space during day time. A â&#x20AC;&#x153;sharingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Zone between private and semi public place makes it a sodt edge.

Extension of balcony for an old building upgrade. the screen is rotatable to provide shading and allow fresh air to circulate throught the building.

THE EDGE

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THE EDGE- LIFE BETWEEN BUILDINGS Three types of outdoor activities- Necessary activities, Optional activitie and Social activities.

Quality of physical environment Good

Poor

Necessary activities -going to school/work, running errands, everyday tasks When outsoor areas are of poor quality, only necessary activities occur. When outdoor areas are of high quality, a wide range of optional activities will also occur in addtion to necessary activites.

Optional activities -activities take place when weather is favourable) “Resultant “ activities (Social activities) -

“People come where people are.”- Scandinavia old proverb

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p46 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

THE EDGE

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THE EDGE- HIERACHICAL DIVISION SOCIAL STRUCTURE

PHYSICAL STRUCTURE

Dwelling

Living room

Dwelling group

Residences around communal space

Housing complex City

Outdoor square indoor communal house Residential complex Larger main street

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p52 THE EDGE | 23

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THE EDGE- HIERACHICAL DIVISION Diagram shaowing a hirachically organized housing area with private, semiprivate, semipublic and public spaces. The clear structure strengthens the natural surveilance, helps the inhabitants know which people belong.1

Private

Semi Private

Private

Semi Private

Semi public

Semi Private

Private

Private Private

Private

Public

1 Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Private

THE EDGE

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SOFT EDGES BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND SPACE

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THE EDGE- INTEGRATION

The development from the compact medieval city with a close, interwoven pattern of activites to the highly specialized, functionalistic city illustrates the possiblies for mixing and seperating people and events in connection with physical planning.1

CITY THAT IS A UNIVERSITY -AND VICE VERSA

SOLBJERG HAVE, URBAN RENEWAL AREA IN COPENHAGEN

A C

A B

A-Home and service centre for the elderly B-Day care centre C-kindergarten D-Youth facilities RMIT university-the university is within the city the placement of university in city means a valuable contribution of energy and life. The city provides inummerable facilities, place and activities for the university.

This urban renewal area integrates young and old age groups in a new housing area. Each activity is given a chance to work with another.2

The city thus becomes a part of the educational process.

1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p52 2 Dac & Learning (2014), <http://www.dac.dk/en/about-dac-learning/netundervisning/arksite-kanon/vaerker/solbjerg-have/>, accessed on 14 Aug 2014. THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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LIBRARY AT THE DOCK, DOCKLANDS

Makers’ space

Library

Bookable spaces: -Activities room -Gallery -Performance space -Community room -Meeting Room -The Terrace -Editing suite and recording studio -Practice room -Makers’ space

Kids zone

Performance space

Activity room

Recording studio

Library at the Dock is a new building situated in the Docklands. The three-storey building offers a traditional library collection alongside community meeting spaces, study areas, performance venue for over 120 people and gallery space. It provides quality spaces for people and community groups to use, for the benefit of Melbourne’s residents, workers and visitors.

SOFT EDGE BETWEEN BUILDING AND SPACE

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THE EDGE- INVITATION Flexible boundaries in the form of transitional zones will often be able to function as connecting links which will either invite or repel activities. Soft edges is welcoming and inviting. to be inviting, the route has to be direct, or could be seen from far, the place has a purpose to stay or something to do. Streets would also be inviting and interesting where people stop constantly as there are things to see, people to talk to. -A short and manageable route: an invitation can also be a question of a short and manageable route between the private and public environment. -Somewhere to go, something to do: being able to see what is going on in public spaces also can be an element of invitation. the relationship between being able to see and the desire to participate -Motivation shifting-excursions as excuses: public spaces are the need for contact, the need for knowledge, and the need for stimulation (In residential areas, mailboxes, newsdstand, restaurants, sports facilities becomes the pretexts for the individual)

TO INVITE

SHORT MANAGEABLE ROUTE

SOMEWHERE TO GO, SOMETHING TO DO

EXCURSION AS EXCUSES

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This emphasizes how important it is that in public spaces in residential areas there are not only opportunity for walking and sitting, but opportunity to act, things to do, activities to be involved in. This should be supplemented preferably possibilities for taking small daily domestic activities such as sewing, repair jobs, hobbies, meals out into public spaces.â&#x20AC;?-Jan Gehl 1 Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p52 2 Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island Press. THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SOFT EDGE BETWEEN BUILDING AND SPACE | 28

THE EDGE- INVITATION Melbourne Museum and REB can be seen from every entrance of the garden.

Royal Exhibition Building

Melbourne Museum

Indirect paths Main paths

Straight paths Main attractions (Places to go)

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SOFT EDGES IN RESIDENTIAL AREA

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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SOFT EDGES IN HOUSING Some important factors of creating soft edges in housing includes easy access in and out, having good staying areas directly in front of the house and these spaces allow people to have something to do, something to work with, directly in front of the houses

Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne, England (Architect: Ralph Erskine)

Galgebakkan, Copenhagen (Architect: A& J Orum Nielson, Stoogard and Marcussen))

Corridors which allow people to showcase their plants or part of their belonging is often more interesting and safe to walk as it give the feeling of familiarity to oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s memory.

Shaded backyard as an outdoor dining space provides opportunity for social interaction between neighbours.

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WINDOWSCAPE

Bowness-on-WIndermere | England

Xitang | China THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Dubrovnik | Croatia

Procida | Italy

Kanazawa | Japan

Penang | Malaysia

SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 32

Brunswick St | Fitzroy

Swanston St | MelbourneCBDSOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 33

Royal Parade | Parkville

Smith St | Fitzroy JAEVON LIEW 376069

WINDOWSCAPE LIGHT AND WIND Pooling windows-The small enclosed space where the light flickers for a moment amidst shadows of obstructions Relationship: Inside looking at outside activity, sunlight and air from outside to inside

House in Guarda | Switzerland

interior view of the window

Dissolving windows Relationship: Non-permanent interior and exterior barrier

Kula Lotrscak| Croatia

interior view of the window (which includes small seats)

Operable screens that could be pushed up for tatami delivery or slided down for privacy. At night, it serves as a place for family gathering ang the screen will be pulled down.

Tateno Tatami Shop | Japan 1 Yoshiharu Tsukamoto Laboratory, (2011) Window Scape: Window Behaviourology. Tokyo: Film Art, Inc. THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 34

WINDOWSCAPE Workaholic windows-In the morning, open the windows and start business and at night, close the windows and close the business. Workaholic windows in Melbourne (commercial) Relationship: Inside and outside interaction

Brunetti Lygon | Melbourne

Borek Bake house | Melbourne

Brunetti Lygon | Melbourne

Seating windows- Putting a bench and sofa beside a window makes it possible for people to stay there for a long time in a relaxed manner. Seating windows in Melbourne Relationship: Inside looking at outside

New York Tomato | Melbourne

Storm in a Teacup | Melbourne SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 35

Red House | Bexleyheath, UK

Interior of window in Red House

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Seating windows in Melbourne (continued)

Grilled hardware lane | Melbourne

TAB | Melbourne CBD

Wonderbao | Melbourne CBD

HARD EDGES IN RESIDENTIAL Some of the hard edges in Melbourne which should be avoided. Avoid: -Having baconies that is facingheavy traffic -Balconies on higher floors (above 6 storeys) -avoid fully transparent balcony (for privacy)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 36

RELATIONSHIP OF SPACE IN HOUSE PERCEPTION OF SPACE-CENTRE-EDGE RELATIONSHIP Japanese culture

Western culture

Walls are semifixed and movable

dining

rest

Bedroom Work

Sceen seperates zones Tend to keep the edges of their room clear because everythign take place in the middle

When the husband is working late Tend to fill up the edges by placing furniture near the walls

Living/ social

private

private outdoor

Space definied by the furniture put into the place

Semi-fixed features Fixed features

When guests are around

When there is an outdoor party

Bedroom

Sleeping

Spaces for different activities

1 Hall, E.T. (1969) The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA | 37

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THE BENEFITS OF SOFT EDGES IN RESIDENTIAL AREA

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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CRIME PREVENTION IN BUILDINGS Changes in pavement, landscaping, furniture, hedges, gates and canopies can mark where public space ends and fully or semiprivate transition zones begin. Height differences, steps and staircases can also mark the transition zone, providing critical prerequisite for the important function of soft edges as the link between inside and out, between private and public. Soft edges help reduce crime rate as there are more activated areas and they provide passive surveillance for the area.

MIXING FUNCTIONS

RESIDENTS’ CARE FOR COMMON PLACE

LIFE IN BUILDINGS

SOFT EDGES

CLEAR STRUCTURE

CLEAR CUT TERRITORIES

“Only when territories are clearly marked can the private sphere afford the degree of protection that people need to make contact with others and contribute to life in the city.”

1 Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan BENEFITS OF SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA

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PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RELATIONSHIP Building safety through lights in buildings: (only work for buildings of 5 stories or less)

Life in buildings: Sydney (not recommended)

Life in buildings: Copenhagen

24 hour convenient store

Space difference through furniture

Space difference through pavement and floor texture

Transition of space: plants as a barrier

Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

BENEFITS OF SOFT EDGE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA

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VISION FOR AHE

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VISIONS FOR AHE EEN BUILDINGS A ND ETW B CI FE I TY L

CULTURE OF MELBOURNE AND FITZROY

LIVELY, INVITING, SAFE, HEALTHY

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VISION FOR AHE

BU IL

ER RD O

CE SPA

S OF T E D G E SO F

HIE RA RC H IC A L THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

INCREASE THE LAND VALUE OF AHE

ICK STR EET

AHE

CARLTO N

BRUNSW

ROYAL EXHIBIT ION BUILDIN G

SMITH S TREET

MELBOU RNE MUSEUM

GARDEN GERTRU

CBD

DE STR EET | 43

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SITE ANALYSIS

Retail Community meeting space Children education and facilities Community facilities Recreational facilities Library

Street frontages along Brunswick Street

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SITE ANALYSIS

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SITE ANALYSIS

Paths Vegetation Street activity intensity Carpark Shops with outdoor furniture

Street frontages along Gertrude Street

SITE ANALYSIS

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MINIMUM HOUSE SIZE REQUIREMENTS Studio

Studio

2 bedroom

50m

50m2 65m2 City of Adelaide

Adelaide Development Plan

Studio

37m

50m2

London

The Residential Flat Design Code (related

80m

Studio

2 bedroom

3545m2

6065m2

2 bedroom (3ppl)

1 bedroom

61m2

45m2

The London Plan and Housing Supplementary Planning Guidance

3 bedroom (4ppl) 2

1 bedroom

Studio

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2 bedroom

40m2 80m2

Central City DCP. Clause 6.1.34Code (related to SEPP65)

SITE ANALYSIS

95m2

90m2

City of Sydney

70m

3 bedroom

55m2

1.City of melbourne (2014). Understanding the Quality of Housing Design. Victoria: Melbourne. p32-34 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

70m2

City of Sydney

3 bedroom

Singapore Housing Development Board

1 bedroom

2 bedroom

3 bedroom

100m2

HOUSING TYPOLOGY Existing building

Redevelopment of AHE

Atherton Housign Estate

2 Bedroom 476

3 Bedroom 20%

3 Bedroom 315

1 Bedroom 50%

4 Bedroom 2

2 Bedroom 20%

Total 793

City of Sydney

The SEPP No. 65 - Residential Flat Design Code includes ‘Objectives’ and ‘Better Design Practice’

Studio 15% 1 Bedroom 30%

1 Bedroom 50%

singles (10% out of 50%)

Assisted living (20% out of 50%)

2 Bedroom 40% 3+ Bedroom 15% Work+home (20% out of 50%)

SITE ANALYSIS | 47

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DENSITY STUDIES Eixample, Barcelona has the highest density among the other cities. 230 dwellings/ HA. As for Atherton Housing Estate, the current density is about 140 dwellings/HA. The new Atherton Housing Estate aims to achieve at least 100 dwellings/HA which has almost the same density as Coin St London, Borneo Sporenburg, Bercy, Battery Park. This density studies help evaluate the dwellings units needed for the site to fulfil the demand of housing needs currently and in future.

1 City of Melbourne (2014), Urban Desity Study. Melbourne: City of Melbourne p26 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SITE ANALYSIS

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The data shows the building type in each studies areas in relation to its density. Results show that even though some areas are high density but they are not necessarily filled with high rise building. In fact, the highest density area in this studies, Eixample has 0% of high-rise building. It is crucial to keep building low to have a more activated ground floor and soft edges around the building and its facade.

1 City of Melbourne (2014), Urban Desity Study. Melbourne: City of Melbourne p28 SITE ANALYSIS

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The density chart above indicates density of various cities. Although Eixample Barcelona has high population, the average building is only about 8 floors with good street interface and building entrances. South Bank has poor carpark layout, street interface and building entrances even though the density is lower than Eixample or Hong Kong.

1 City of Melbourne (2014), Urban Desity Study. Melbourne: City of Melbourne p34 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

SITE ANALYSIS

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EDGES BETWEEN ESTATE AND HOUSE Residential activities in relation to floors

25%

55% 45%

75%

Number of residents Upper floors

Studies of new Copenhagen residentila areas in 2003 shows that the activites in and around semiprivate outdoor space in front of ground floor units account for over half of all oudoor activities, even though residents on the ground floor comprise only 1/4 of the residents.1

Activities

Ground floor

Activities in the frontyard

Activities in the other ares

Rates of crime in hallways

Crime rates in various areas of a housing blocks 10 8

other roof and landing hallway stairway elevator lobby

6 4 2 0

2-5

6-8

Number of apartment per hallway

Place of occurrence of crimes in Buildings of different heights, the higher the apartment, the higher the crime rates. At interior public spaces such as elevators, halls and stairs crime rates is higher than other areas. 2 It is crucial that the circulation space does not turn into area for crime to happen. These spaces should be carefully design with appropriate edges and boundaries.

1.Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold 2.Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan p-33 SITE ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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HABITAT 825

Architects: LOHA Architects Location: West Hollywood, California, USA Program: 19 apartments Constructed Area: 4,924 sqm

A loose internal courtyard is scaled to the intersection of the two primary housing volumes, this centrally located space allows all units to have direct access from the exterior, while eliminating the need for mechanically climate controlled corridors. In an effort to extend the street into the building, the front yard cuts into the building to promote a semi-public zone between the building and the street. Scattered benches along landscaped walkways create a small urban park at the street.

Building setback at ground floor to create public open space

Internal courtyard cut out to connect two housing blocks Archdaily, Habitat 825, http://www.archdaily.com/19880/habitat-825-loha-architects/, Accesed on 9 September 2014 ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN | 53

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HABITAT 825(INTERIOR)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

personal space (private)

shared space

bedroom 1

dining

bedroom 2

kitchen

ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

circulation space (semi public)

living

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SHINONOME CANAL COURT FunctionMultiple DwellingarchitectsRiken Yamamoto & Field Shopstructural eng. Takumi Orimoto Structuralstructural mech.Environment EquipmentSite area9.221 ㎡Building area5.966 ㎡Floor area49.687 ㎡ The main characteristics of this housing development are the ‘common terrace’ which is a volume carved out of the residential building, the ‘foyer-room’ which can be used as a home office, sunny center corridors, and sunny bathrooms/kitchens. A common terrace of double height is surrounded with foyer-rooms. Connected to common terraces, people can use these foyer-rooms as SOHO, nursery space, or hobby rooms. Each common terrace is surrounded by the ‘foyer rooms’ of eight housing units.

Archdaily, Shinonome Canal Court, http://www.wohnmodelle.at/index.php?id=84,75,0,0,1,0, Accesed on 9 September 2014 ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN | 55

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SHINONOME CANAL COURT

kitchen & dining

kitchen

bedroom

kitchen

bedroom living

dining

living

Home office

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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Foyer

Home office

RURAL MAT Architects: njiric+ arhitekti doo Location: Zagreb, Croatia Architects in Charge: Hrvoje NjiriÄ&#x2021;, Helena Sterpin Project Area: 3,500 sqm Eight units share a green-mat.According to the topography, the mats facing the main road are set on the ground, while the other two, facing the stream, are lowered for one floor. The very fact that the mats could be manipulated up and down gives a hint about their generic qualities. The ground treatment provides a soft and warm finishes instead of concret or stone.

Archdaily, Rural Mat, hhttp://www.archdaily.com/42539/rural-mat-njiric-arhitekti/, Accesed on 9 September 2014 ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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RURAL MAT bedroom dining kitchen living

bedroom Rural Mat with pavement Rural Mat

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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HOUSE IN BUZEN Architects: Suppose design office Location: Buzen, Fukuoka, Japan Site Area: 266 sqm Total Floor Area: 130.18 sqm Places like a narrow path between houses, the edge of a garden, the back of a shed, under the floor, or an open lot are the preferred playgrounds of children. Rather than a park or garden that was built to be played in, the house is designed with a courtyard that would become a playground naturally. This pathways are the soft edges of the house. The rooms are made of diffren materials with paths covered by a glass roof weave between the disconnected structures to create an interior space that feels exterior, a private space that feels public. In that space the children can run around and parents could enjoy the sun or have an afternoon tea.

Archdaily, Rural Mat, hhttp://www.archdaily.com/42539/rural-mat-njiric-arhitekti/, Accesed on 9 September 2014 ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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HOUSE IN BUZEN

personal space

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

circulation space

sharedspace

ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

circulation space

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sharedspace

ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PLANNING

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Typical Suburban Division -Owners back their cars onto the street across pedestrian walks. -No acoustic buffers between street and house -Maintenance responsibility is not clearly defined -Produces a lot of unusable space which is less inviting.

Garden City Organization, Radburn -No temporary off street parking -Low density, 6 houses per acre -Good separation of vehicles and park

1. ALL DIAGRAMS Chermayeff, S & Alexander, C. (1965). Community and Privacy. United States of America: Doubleday & Company. p-183-199 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PLANNING | 62

Suburban Division -House cluster around a common parking lot, eliminates the danger of vehicle entries -Parking areas form a transition zone. -No acoustic buffers between street and house -Parking area might subject to maintenance responsibility issue which leads to underused space.

Garden City Organization, Baldwin Hills -Organized parking -Pedestrian paths are scattered -Private courts as buffer zone -Improved version of Radburn,buffer-zone between cars and home, outdoor space is more for recreational use.

1. ALL DIAGRAMS Chermayeff, S & Alexander, C. (1965). Community and Privacy. United States of America: Doubleday & Company. p-183-199 ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PLANNING

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Garden City Cluster, Eastwick -No transfer zone -Good buffer zone between vehicles and home, and between home and communal space. -Waste of space with no logical arrangement.

Urban Cluster -Adequate parking -Entries well protected with buffer zone between house and traffic -Varying play and rest place, sufficient for residents -House is approach by pleasant walkways. -House are arranged in irregular pattern, which makes it hard for accommodating higher density.

1. ALL DIAGRAMS Chermayeff, S & Alexander, C. (1965). Community and Privacy. United States of America: Doubleday & Company. p-183-199 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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Modified Garden City Organization, Blackheath -Unplanned car storage -Well-protected entry to home. -Higher density than previous garden city organization.

Logical Diagram Developed in plan -Well organized parking -Entries to dwelling well protected -Public utilities are provided with cluster of 4 -Communal rest ans play area intersect with pedestrian paths which encourage more social interaction.

1. ALL DIAGRAMS Chermayeff, S & Alexander, C. (1965). Community and Privacy. United States of America: Doubleday & Company. p-183-199 ANALYSIS OF HOUSE DESIGN

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DESIGN OUTCOMES

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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DESIGN IDEAS

-Direct and straight paths (boring) -Same building height

-Pentagon shaped house (fun, create opportunity for interaction) -Create artificial slope for carparking and views to main streets -Pathway height difference used as a way to differentiate public and private space

DESIGN OUTCOME

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-Open up main routes linking public transport stops with the park. -Pocket gardens at various cluster to provide places for social interaction

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Brunswick Street

Napier Street

MASTERPLAN

0 5 10

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

60m

Gertrude Street

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DIAGRAMS Vege patches

Pocket gardens Bike paths

Pocket gardens

Pedestrian paths

Residential building boudaries (private) Semi private boundaries

Pocket gardens as soft edges between block, some smaller blocks are used for community activities and small interventions eg. mini library or storage rooms for vegetable patch.

Soft edges around buildings eg.seats and verandahs which reflects many pedestrian-friendly walkways and arcades in Melbourne eg. Lygon Street. This extended awnings provide shelter when raining. The shading that is facing north is solid whereas the shading facing south is perforated and extends shorter than the north.

The site is pedestrian friendly, with limited paths for sharing between pedestrian and cyclists.

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DIAGRAMS Cluster house

Gardens and recreational parks

Shop houses/home office houses Small apartments

Housing types (cluster, shop house and apartments)

Vegetation and greenery across the site

Shop houses and offices located near the boundaries of the housing estate site to help activate the streets as well as providing passive surveillance at night for the tram and bus stops.

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

DESIGN OUTCOME

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND SURROUNDINGS (APARTMENTS)

Brunswick Street

Napier Street

0 5 10

60m

Ground floor of apartment. Storage spaces for sports equipment and tools for gardening. A Shared kitchen for bigger gathering is also located at this floor

Gertrude Street DESIGN OUTCOME

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2 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND SURROUNDINGS

1 | 73

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1 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND SURROUNDINGS (HOME OFFICE/SHOP HOUSE)

6 5

Brunswick Street

Napier Street

Shop House plan (ground floor and first floor)

0 5 10

60m

Gertrude Street DESIGN OUTCOME

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND SURROUNDINGS

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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3 | 77

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3 THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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W2 | 79

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OPENING TYPES

Window type 1 Movable Screen

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Window type 2 Working window

DESIGN OUTCOME | 80

APARTMENT UNITS (1 BEDROOM)

Ground floor of apartment

4 W4

DESIGN OUTCOME

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1 Bedroom (Bed folded, dining table unfolded)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

DESIGN OUTCOME

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1 Bedroom (Bed unfolded, dining table folded)

APARTMENT UNITS (2 BEDROOM)

Ground floor of apartment

4 W4

DESIGN OUTCOME

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2 Bedroom (Bed folded, sofa unfolded, dining table unfolded)

2 Bedroom (Bed unfolded)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

DESIGN OUTCOME

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WINDOWSCAPE

Window type 3

Opening type 4

DESIGN OUTCOME

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THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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W3 | 87

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THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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SHOP HOUSE

Shop House plan (ground floor and first floor)

Forth floor

Third floor

DESIGN OUTCOME

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2 BEDROOM + 1 GUEST

Ground floor (office)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

First floor (Storage)

DESIGN OUTCOME

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2 BEDROOM + 1 GUEST

Second floor

Second floor (bed unfolded, dining table folded)

Second floor (bed folded, dining table unfolded)

DESIGN OUTCOME

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2 BEDROOM + 1 GUEST

Third floor

Third floor (extra bed)

Third floor (Extra bed folded, desk unfolded)

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

DESIGN OUTCOME

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6 | 93

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Window type 5

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

DESIGN OUTCOME

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REFERENCES

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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Alexander, C & Chermeyeff, S (1963). Community and Privacy. United States of America: Doubleday & Company Inc. Adams, R. (2010). Transforming Australian Cities for a more Financially Viable and Sustainable Future. Retrieved from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/Statistics/Documents/TransformingCitiesMay2010.pdf City of Melbourne (2013), Future Living: Discussion paper, Melbourne: City of Melbourne. Retrived from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/ProjectsandInitiatives/ Southbank2010/Documents/Urban_Density_Study.pdf City of melbourne (2014). Understanding the Quality of Housing Design. Victoria: Melbourne. City of Melbourne (2013), Urban Desity Study. Melbourne: City of Melbourne Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island Press. Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Gracia-Huidobro, F, Torriti, D.T & Tugas, N. (2008) Time Builds!. Spain: EquipoArchitectura (EqA) Hall, E.T. (1969) The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday Jacobs, J. (1992). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books. Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan Planning Department Melbourne City Council (1995). Lygon Street Shop Verandah and Balcony Study, Lygon Street Carlton. Eaglemont: Meredith Gould Architects Pty. Ltd. Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http:// www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-Assessment-Fitzroy-FinalReport-2012.pdf State of Victoria (2014). Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. The Monthly Video (2013, May 2) Cities for People: A lecture by Jan Gehl. [Video file]. Retrieved from: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=KL_RYm8zs28 Yoshiharu Tsukamoto Laboratory, (2011) Window Scape: Window Behaviourology. Tokyo: Film Art, Inc.

REFERENCES

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Victoria Police (2013) Crime Statistics by Local Government Area (LGA) 2011/12 and 2012/13. Retrieved from: http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=782 White, G F (2006). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: How investing in physical and social capital makes communities safer. New York: Edwin Mellen Press

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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IMAGE CREDITS

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SITE BACKGROUND pg9 Google Maps (2014). THE EDGE p18 ALL Own images [Photography]. pg21 MIDDLE & RIGHT Nordic Built Challenge [Photography]. Taken from:http://www.archdaily.com/356788/nordic-built-challenge-finalist-proposal-fora-beth-hughes/ pg26 LEFT RMIT University (2014). University Map [Map]. RMIT University. pg26 RIGHT Solbjerg Have, urban renewal area in Copenhagen. [Photography].DAC & Learning. pg29 ALL Own images [Phtography] pg32 ALL Windowscape (2012). p33 ALL Own image [Photography] pg32 BOTTOM Tateno tatami shop. [Photography] Retrived from:http://www.eyeon.jp/_src/sc3747/c_012_tatami-7463.jpg pg35-36 ALL Melbourne Windowscape own image. pg 41 Google maps 2014 ANALYSIS OF HOUSING pg 53 ALL Archdaily, Habitat 825, [Photography] Retrived from: http://www.archdaily.com/19880/habitat-825-loha-architects/ pg 55 ALLRiken-Yamamoto, SHINONOME CANAL COURT, [Photography] Retrived from: http://riken-yamamoto.co.jp/cnc_manager/index.html?page=ry_proj_ detail&id=66&lng=_Eng

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

IMAGE CREDITS | 100

pg 60 ALL archdaily, House in Buzen [Photography] Retrived from: http://www.archdaily.com/50701/house-in-buzen-suppose-design-office/ pg62-65 ALL Housing Plan, Community and Privacy, [Diagrams], United States of America: Doubleday & company Inc. APPENDIX State of Victoria (2014). 20 minute neighbourhood [Photography]. Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. Adams, R. (2010). Transport corridor development [Photography]. Transforming Australian Cities for a more Financially Viable and Sustainable Future. Retrieved from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.auAboutMelbourne/Statistics/Documents/TransformingCitiesMay2010.pdf

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APPENDIX

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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RESEARCH FINDING

The glazing, lighting and positioning of non private areas and access paths, in buildings and out, to facilitates their surveillance. (pg.71)

-well trimmed vegetation to enhance surveillance -windows overlook public place eg. carpark, park -atrificial lighting at strategic places of site

-Building heights less than 6 stories for better street surveilance -Ground floor enabled 70% of the social activites

Subdivision of building interiors to define zones of clusters of apartment units. -Two or four families share a common corridor area. -The higher the number of apartments per hallway, the higher the number of crime rates in the

-house facing towards courtyard -wide sitewalks and selected crosswalk

-place to sit, relax, chat, look, watch people or take a break

hallway (pg.69) -play area, seats, laundry space

Territorial ownership

Territoriality

enhance the sense of territory -Symbolic vs real barriers Real barriers: high walls and fences, locked gates. etc Symbolic barriers: open gateways, a short run of steps, planting. -wide footpaths

APPENDIX

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Path width

-Lights and architectural elements such a columns and verandah encourage stopping. -A short and manageable route

relation to common areas

Activites

CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)

Entrances and access

Scale and Rhythm

Defensible Space Oscar Newman

Scale and subdivision

Appeal to senses

Life Between Buildings Jan Gehl

-seating and refreshments in common commercial areas

-entrances limited to residents/ legitimate user -plants and fence to differentiate zones and transition of space

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MATRIX

Melbourne

Issues and problems

Theoritical groundwork

-High housing demand due to in-

-wider, brighter and clearer paths -home units and its scale -higher density and housing typology

AHE

Dwelling units

-potential of densifying Fitzroy as it is near to CBD -Better incorperation of AHE to Fitzroy -densify the area, increase land value through mixed housingtypology and ownerships -better housing that can cope with the increase of population as well as environmental concerns -safer homes that helps the growth of kids and adolescence

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Territoriality

Neighbourhood (Fitzroy)

Scale and subdivision

crease of population

-Activities at common space to encourage social interaction and surveillance -limited access to housing units -lower the number of units sharing corridor -entrance closer to each other -Symbolic vs real barriers -Entrances and utility space

APPENDIX | 104

Aims

Design Strategies -increased density

Safer, socially connected, comfort, clear access, flexible

Notions of Home

-incoperate laneways and art, cafe, small plug-ins -enhance permeability -building heights

-plants and lanscape -floor texture and materials -increase activities for different users -entrances limited to residents/ legitimate user -less long corridors -natural light access -flexible spaces -materials

Semi-private/semi-public space

able to contribute

Territorial ownership

multiple users

Plants

Wide open space

Scale and rhythm

Transitional space sense of belonging

Surprise corners

Architectural elements

Soft Edges see

sunlight

exchange

Appeal to many senses

Activities materials

sit and rest

transparency

APPENDIX

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chat

+Flexibitlity JAEVON LIEW 376069

Semi-private/ semi-public space

able to contribute

Territorial ownership

multiple users

Wide open space

Transitional space

Surprise corners

Scale and rhythm

sense of belonging

Architectural elements

Safety Sharing Support Shelter

Plants

see

sunlight Appeal to many senses

exchange

chat Activities

materials

sit and rest

transparency

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

APPENDIX

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+Flexibitlity

//PLAN MELBOURNE: REFLECTION GROWTH PRESSURE OF MELBOURNE CITY >>CONGESTION >>AFFORABILITY OF HOUSES >>ACCESSIBILITY >>CLIMATE >>RURAL ENCROACHMENT

LIVING LOCALLY-20 MIN NEIGHBOURHOOD -ability to access to local community, services, facilities and recreational space within 20min walk

STRATEGY -a stae of cities -liveable communities and neighbourhood -flexible housing choice and affordability -promote employment clusters -replaning public transport route and rezoning,

1 State of Victoria (2014). Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. p5-6

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//TRANSFORMING AUSTRALIAN CITY: REFLECTION ‘We have reached an interesting time when the drivers of sustainable cities are the same as the drivers of livable cities, namely, mixed use, connectivity, high quality public realm, local character and adaptability. When these characteristics come together as they do in Barcelona, they provide an alchemy of sustainability, social benefit and economic vitality. These cities reduce their need for car travel, reduce energy consumption and emissions, use local materials, support local businesses and create identifiable communities.’ – Rob Adams, The Age, 2009 SIX KEY INGREDIENTS OF EXISTING SUCCESSFUL CITIES: >>MIXED USE >>DENSITY >>CONNECTIVITY >>HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC REALM >> LOCAL CHARACTER >>ADAPTABILITY

BARCELONA -200 persons per hectare -dispels the myth that high density requires high rise -no new building needs to be higher than 6-8 storeys to achieve high density compact cities for the future

PROBLEMS WITH MELBOURNE CITY -Urban fringe instead of urban infill -Imbalance development and densification of housing between suburbs and city

STRATEGIES -Promote urban infill development, increase development in urban corridors -Productive suburbs that support the employment and social activity of its precinct -Encourage active frontage to increase its commercial value --Limit building heights to 6-8 floors

1 City of Melbourne (2010). Transforming Australian Cities. Melbourne: City of Melbourne. p8-10 2 Adams, R (2009), Transforing Australian Cities. Melbourne: The Age THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

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//NOTIONS OF HOME IN DIFFERENT CULTURE 1: PENANG, MALAYSIA Area: 405 sq miles (1,048 kmÂ˛) Population: 1.648 million (2013)

Before

Heritage

Now:

-Hawker food stall near housing area -Convenient to get food -Places where people meet

-Shop houses on the ground floor

-High tower with lower floors as food and

-First floor lived by the family

shopping area

STRATEGIES -good activation of frontage -increase commercial value of the building KEY SIMILARITIES: -Food as a new way to connect people -Coffee place and cafes as place for social interaction 1 City of Melbourne (2010). Transforming Australian Cities. Melbourne: City of Melbourne. p8-10 2 Adams R (2009), Transforing Australian Cities. Melbourne: The Age

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//EXAMPLE 1: MURUNDAKA ECO-HOUSING

Location: Bamfield rd, Heidelberg Heights Vic 3081, Australia

GOOD GOOD

BAD

-Supports community spirit of the residents and surrounding neighborhood -Did not close off with fences, the housing area remains permeable and welcoming to certain extend -A balance of indoor and outdoor facilities to help build up relationship within the housing -Provide enough privacy for individuals living in the units. -Reduces car park spaces to promote carpooling.

-Building might not blend into the surrounding architecture. (Adjacent building mostly one or two storey residential houses) -Slightly far from public transport compared to other examples.

1 Murundaka co-housing, <http://www.communities.org.au/projects/>ecohousing-heidelberg>, accessed on 1 Aug 2014. THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

MIDDLE

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BAD

GOOD

//EXAMPLE 2: URBANEST, CARLTON

MIDDLE

BAD

GOOD

BAD

-Disability people facilities -Near to public transport -Building style blends into surrounding context -Near to cafes and queen victoria market (places for socializing)

-Unit mainly for couples or occupied by less than 2 people.

Location:105 Berkeley Street, Carlton, Melbourne Public Transport: Tram Less Than 500m

toilets for disabled

bedroom

inactive frontage

1 Urban nest Student Accomodation, http://urbanest.com.au, accessed on 1 Aug 2014.

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//EXAMPLE 3: HIGH STREET, NORTH MELB

GOOD

MIDDLE

GOOD

BAD

-Cheap rental -Near public transport (300m from nearest tram stop) -Blends into the surrounding architecture

-Very little space -Poor natural ventilation and lights -Did not have good public places in the building -Did not have public spaces for sports or

(adjacent building are about same height)

coffee nearby the building.

Location:6 High Street, North Melbourne Public Transport: Tram Less Than 500m

small space

inactive internal courtyard

poor privacy

1 Murundaka co-housing, <http://www.communities.org.au/projects/>ecohousing-heidelberg>, accessed on 1 Aug 2014. THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

BAD

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UNHEALTHY RATES OF OBESITY IN AUSTRALIA

3 in 5 Australian adults are overweight or obese (based on BMI). That's over 12 million people!

5% more adults are overweight or obese than in 1995.

1 in 4 Australian children are overweight or obese.

Over 30% more people living in outer regional and remote areas are obese than people living in major cities.

3rd place Overweight and obesity is only beaten by smoking and high blood pressure as a contributor to burden of disease.

Data taken from Australian Government | Authoritative information and statistics to promote better health and wellbeing

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transulucent roof

rented out as private single units

rented out as private single units shared outdoor dining area

family/owner

THESIS STUDIO 8: NOTIONS OF HOME

Lights from building (provide passive surveilance_ family/owner

family/owner

Community garden frontage

views toward street (provide passive surveilance_

family/owner

Semi-public

Semi-private

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Street frontage

Day

Night

Entrance

Office

Street

Room

Entrance closed Translucent screen for light penetration to the street

Room

Kitchen Stairs

Stairs

Kitchen

Room

Living room

Courtyard/Dining

Room

Courtyard/Dining

Private entrance

Room

Entrance semi-private pedestrian path | 115

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