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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO AIR PROGRESS JOURNAL JAEVON LIEW 376069

CONTENTS: CASE FOR INNOVATION: 01.00 Architecture as Discourse 01.01 State of the art projects 01.02 Personal work 02.00 Computation in Architecture 03.00 Parametric Design Case for Innovation conclusion

RESEARCH PROJECT CUT:

04.00 Develope- Scope of Possiblities (Input/Associate/Output Matrix) 05.00 Develope-Reverse-Engineered Case Study 06.00 Fabricate-Material Effects 07.00 Fabricate-Assembly Method Research Project Conclusion Expression of Interest Conclusion Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Interim

01.00 ARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE “Architecture need to be though of less as a set of special material products and rather more as range of social and professional practices [...]. Above all, architecture needs to be analysed as discourse.

-Rampley, Exploring Visual Culture: Definations, Concepts, Contextx (2005) p.103

Dalian International Conference Center / coop himmelb(l)au

Dalian international conference center in China, designed by International architectural firm coop himmelb(l)au is a building consists of floating spaces and soft surfaces.

It has a public zone at ground level, shopping and exhibition facilities directly connected to the conference center. The actual performance and conference spaces are situated at 15 m above the entrance hall. The grand theater has a capacity of 1,600 seats and a stage tower, directly opposite of a flexible conference hall for 2,500 seats, is positioned at the core in the center of the building.

Architecture as Sign The urbanistic task for the design of the Dalian International Conference Center is to create an instantly recognizable landmark of the urban development in Dalian as a port, trade, industry and tourism city.

Situated at the terminal point of the future extension of the main city axis, the center will be anchored as its focal point in the mental landscape of the international community.

“architecture is as much a philosophical, social or professional realm as it is a material one, and it is through the consideration of architecture as discourse that one can engage with it as visual culture�

-Rampley, Exploring Visual Culture: Definations, Concepts, Contextx (2005) p.103

The Evelyn Grace Academy in Brixton, London Borough of Lambeth, designed by Zaha Hadid Architec.This Academy presents itself as an open, transparent and welcoming addition to the community’s local urban regeneration process.The external shared spaces, in order to generate a setting that encourages interaction, are treated in a manner of layering creating informal social and teaching spaces at various levels based on the convergence of multiple functions.

“The interior is a more convincing spatial experience, with curving corridors and volumetric variations.

The strategic use of glass and lighting creates a sophisticated interior, layered and – not a word I would expect to associate with Zaha’s cool geometric approach – lovable.”

-Will Hunter “173 Evelyn Grace Academy”. Architectural Review, The. FindArticles.com. April 2012.

Relation to Wyndham city: The Gateway project could use glass and lighting to create sophisticated and exciting experience through layering of materials.

Winner of Britain’s most prestigious architectural award Stirling Prize 2011

Evelyn Grace Academy / Zaha Hadid Architects

The Boathouse was a building designed with reference to the design styles of Alvaro Siza.The Boathouse is a two-storey building separated by a 3 meter wide pathway.

It consists of a cafe, restaurant, bar, boat storage and boat hire counter.

Architectue as Experience The boathouse focuses on the circulation of the building through a series of journeys and sequences. Alvaro Siza often put emphasis on how one approaches his building, whether through articulated entrance or directional paths. For this building, one could walk from the gravel pavement and then to the white concrete stairs which directs visitor to walk through a pathway with a 7-metre plain white wall on each side. It restricts the view of visitors so that when one walks to the end of the pathway, wide beautiful panoramic scenery will be seen.

THE BOATHOUSE / Jaevon (personal work)

02.00 Computation in Architecture “the implication of lower-level computing programming (scripting) as it becomes more widely taken up and more confidently embedded into the design process”

There is a growing interest in computation in architecture as it saves up more time andallow multiple changes and manipulation of data easily. Such technique of design is exciting as form is driven by the data input. Thus, the result might be something out of our expectations.

One should also realize the difference between computation and computerization as mentioned in lecture.

“The dominant mode of utilizing computers in architecture today is that of computerization; entities or processes that are already conceptualized in the designer’s mind are entered, manipulated, or stored on a computer system.

In contrast, computation or computing, as a computer-based design tool, is generally limited.”

Terzidis, Kostas (2006). Algorithmic Architecture (Boston, MA: Elsevier), p. xi

“The rapid development of parametric design tools, their ease of use and now continuing widespread adoption throughout the industry is transforming the way designs are created.”

Scunthorpe Sports Academy, Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, 2011

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A hybrid approach was therefore developed allowing aspects from different design approaches to be utilised simultaneously. The setting up of parametricmodels allows a distinction of ‘hard’ and‘soft’ constraints of which soft parameters can be dynamically controlled and the design sensitivity explored.

The screenshots of the firm’s SMART Sizer software illustrate interactive control of structural optimisation parameters.

The potential dynamic modification of optimisationcriteria means that the designer can feel the structural response and behaviour of the design.

“Such an approach enables presentation of results in a form which the designer can usefully interact with and interrogate, and on which strategic design decisions can be based. This establishes analysis as a true design tool rather than simply forming the production of results.”

“Unlike traditional lightweight construction, which can only be applied to load optimized shapes, this new design principle can be applied to a wide range of custom geometry. “ This is of particular relevance in the context of today’s shift from task-specific computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines to more generic industrial robots in the building sector.

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, pg 44 ChapterJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2011

The development of a generative computational process based on the morphological principles of the plate skeleton of echinoids enabled the design and robotic manufacturing of a modular system that only uses extremely thin (6.5-millimetre/¼-inch) plwood sheets.

“The pavilion is thus both economical to build and materially highly efficient, while at the same time providing an enriched spatial extension of the university’s central public square.”

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, pg 44 ChapterJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

03.00 Parametric Design “At its core, parametric modelling introduces a single new idea. Relate the parts together and defer to the system the task of keeping parts so related.”

Woodbury, Robert, Shane Williamson,and Philip Beesley (2006). ‘Parametric Modelling as a Design Representation in Architecture: A Process Account’, Crossing Design Boundaries, CDEN 2006, 3rd CDEN/RCCI International Design Conference

“The structure isbeginning more thantojust a visually attractive piece of urban furniture, however.

We are recover a certain philosophical Used for scientific it is morphogenetic unrivalled in itspotential innovative respect forresearch, the inherent of features and the manner in which it links various disciplines.�

22.03.2012 all materials.

And we may -Detail now be magazine in a position to think about the origin of form and structure, not as something imposed from the outside on an inert matter, not as a hierarchical command from above as in an assembly line, but as something that may come from within the materials, a form that we tease out of those materials as we allow them to have their say in the structures we create.

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010, v

University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2010

This innovative structure demonstrates the latest developments in material-oriented computational design, simulation, and production processes in architecture. The result is a bending-active structure made entirely of extremely thin, elastically-bent plywood strips.

The computational design model is based on embedding the relevant material behavioral features in parametric principles.

These parametric dependencies were defined through a large number of physical experiments focusing on the measurement of deflections of elastically bent thin plywood strips. Based on 6400 lines of code one integral computational process derives all relevant geometric information and directly outputs the data required for both the structural analysis model and the manufacturing with a 6-axis industrial robot.

The structural analysis model forms the foundation for all further steps: the structural calculations in the process of “coiling up” the flat strips by means of finite element analysis (FEA), and the robotic production of the elements and their exact positioning on site.

FEA simulation of the pavilion (Illustration: Julian Lienhard, 2010)

“Design computation provides the possibilities of integrating physical properties and material behaviour as generative drivers in the architectural design process.Thus architectural form, material formation and structural performance can be considered synchronously.”

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Case for Innovation conclusion After looking through a series of successful precedents that uses computation design, it will be a good approach for us to design the gateway as this new technology has many advantages and possiblities such as manipulating a pool of data which is beyond humans ability.

The Gateway provides an outstanding opportunity to enhance Wyndham city public realm through a symbolic, creative and visionary piece of civic architecture. Architecture is the most public form of arts and it invites multiple, democratic and open interpretation. The gateway has much to offer beyond the urban sculpture, it will generate delightful experiences for visitors and locals, as an iconic and responsive urban form, a celebration of the city’s transformation towards new technologies.

RESEARCH PROJECT CUT: 04.00 Develop- Scope of Possiblities (Input/Associate/Output Matrix)

Scope of Possibilities Surface Normal

Surface Grid

Overlapping Patterns

Explicit Grid

Curve Intersection

Different combinations were created by using the input, associtive and output given. Boolean points and Surface normal were further tested. However, the result was not as satisfying as expected. Thus, other methods were used. Nonetheless, through this exercise, it provide the experience and basic knowledge of how the components in grasshopper work.

SURFACE NORMAL

SCALE FACTOR 2 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 4 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 6 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 8 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

COMBINATION OF CIRCLE POLYGON

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.1 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 29

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.6 ROWS 15 COLUMNS 12

SCALE FACTOR 0.31, 0.38 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 0.28, 1.00 ROWS 4 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.578 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.6 ROWS 32, 13 COLUMNS 47, 39

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 26 COLUMNS 30

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SURFACE NORMAL

BOOLEAN PATTERN

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.7 ROWS 16 COLUMNS 12

A

MULTI MATH FUNCTIONS

MULT ATH FUNCTION SURFACE NORMAL

OVERLAPPING PATTERN

MATH FUNCTION PATEERN OVERLAPPINGH

05.00 Develop-Reverse-Engineered

CUT case studies research

McCormick Tribune Campus Center_ Chicago, Illinois,USA OMA/MichaelRock 2003 The McCormick Tribune Campus Center is located at the historic 120-acre (50-hectare) campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Chicago.

The campus, designed by Mies van der Rohe who became the head of IIT’s architecture program in 1938.

The one-story building serves a wide variety of student activity functions that include a welcome center, coffee bar, auditorium and meeting rooms, university bookstore, post office, convenience store, and computer room. The building is entered through a 20 foot tall glass portrait of Mies.

The facade of the building has colored imprint of Mies van der Rohe's portrait. This image is formed by pixels, which are informative and unique. The pixels are designed to express the various form of interactions, movement and activities which are associated with the building and students (Eeuwens 1, accessed on 2 May).

COMPONENTS USED: IMAGE SAMPLER, MULTIPLICATION, SUBTRACTION, ITEM, ROUND, MOVE, WIRES

Dior Ginza Building Facade Ginza,Tokyo,Japan_Kumiko Inui_2004

This precedent has distinct incorporation of innovative design approach in its material and also the visual effect. Two varying materials have been printed and perforated with circles of varying scale and sizes to have 3D like "hazy" effect on the viewer. This effect, the "moirĂŠ effect" (Pell 104-109), can be observed from various angles of the building and portrays its impact on social and urban scale as well.

Curve Attractor component is used in this reverse-engineer. The circles nearer to the curves are bigger. Pull point component, remap, surface grid. another layer is created with the scale of 30% less than the first one.

06.00 Fabricate-Material Effects “New material s are offering unparalleled thinness, dynamically changing properties, and functionally gradient compositions. Coupled with the means of digital technology, advances in material science have led to renewed interest among architects intectonic expression, material properties, and the ability to produce the desired surface and spatial effects.�

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008) Pg 6 As such, interrogating materiality is fundamental to new attitudes towards achieving design intent.

(After all, architecture is fundamentally a material practice.

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008)(Pg 7)

Material Experimentation Different materials were used to fabricate the Dior Facade amd Tribune Campus icon pattern. From top to bottom, boxboard, polypropylene and foamboard, black plastic sheets, and Tribune Campus icon Pattern under light.

Through these experimentation, the penetration of light through transparent and semi-transparent materials are interesting as the result is always changing due to the intensity of light and angle of light shone.

Another light shadow pattern type created by tilting the Dior double layer facde model at different angles.

Experiment on material: Distortion of material when heated: By heating the vivac sheet. Curvy shape were obtained easiy. However, it’s hard to control how the sheet behaviour, Thus a frame is needed at the bottom so that when it is soften by heat, the vivac sheet will fall and take the shape of the frame.

Further exploration and application in gateway design: -the use of light to enhance the shape of the transparent sheet.

07.00 Fabricate-Assembly Method

A frame is made from the shape of contour of the site. This is a priliminary experiment of manipulating contour in Gateway design.

The result was acceptable. However, further development is needed to full explore the contour of the site and manipulating it to attract the attention of gateway users.

This pictures on the left are Banq Restaurant which the strcuture of the building gives the idea of constructing contours using parametric design tool.

Effect of transparent vivac sheet under strong light and dark environment.

Double layer material to create hazy effect

0080 Research Project Conclusion:

Through all these explorations, our team set our theme on articulating the landscape, taking control of the existing condition – the hill, contour of the site, and having subtle changes and effects implied on this contour with the aid of the modern computational design technology. As a whole, our design would change and impact on the perception of the Wyndham city, on communal and public level.