ads final journal 376069

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO AIR JAEVON LIEW 376069

CONTENTS: PART 1: EXPRESSION OF INTEREST CASE FOR INNOVATION: 01.00 Architecture as Discourse 01.20 Computation in Architecture 01.30 Parametric Design Case for Innovation conclusion

RESEARCH PROJECT CUT: 01.40 Develope- Scope of Possiblities (Input/Associate/Output Matrix) 01.50 Develope-Reverse-Engineered Case Study 01.60 Fabricate-Material Effects 01.70 Fabricate-Assembly Method Research Project Conclusion Expression of Interest Conclusion Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Interim

PART 2: PROJECT PROPOSAL 02.01 Project Delivery: digital Fabrication 02.02 Design Process 02.03 Design Outcome

PART 3: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES 03.01 Individual Progress 03.02 Future learning and utilisation 03.03 Conclusion

01.00 ARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE

“Architecture need to be thought of less as a set of special material products and rather more as range of social and professional practices [...]. Above all, architecture needs to be analysed as discourse.

-Rampley, Exploring Visual Culture: Definations, Concepts, Contextx (2005) p.103

Dalian International Conference Center / coop himmelb(l)au

Dalian international conference center in China, designed by International architectural firm coop himmelb(l)au is a building consists of floating spaces and soft surfaces.

It has a public zone at ground level, shopping and exhibition facilities directly connected to the conference center. The actual performance and conference spaces are situated at 15 m above the entrance hall. The grand theater has a capacity of 1,600 seats and a stage tower, directly opposite of a flexible conference hall for 2,500 seats, is positioned at the core in the center of the building.

Architecture as Sign The urbanistic task for the design of the Dalian International Conference Center is to create an instantly recognizable landmark of the urban development in Dalian as a port, trade, industry and tourism city. The center will be anchored as its focal point in the mental landscape of the international community.

For the Wyndham City Gateway Project, we can draw comparison with the building symbolism. The Gateway aims to represent Wyndham city and as a welcoming symbol to people travelling through the freeways. Besides that, the perforation at the top of the roof could be used as a reference in dealing with the Wyndham gateway surface or ornamentation. Such dynamic form will also give inspiration in designing Gateway that has a structural form that follow wind force.

“architecture is as much a philosophical, social or professional realm as it is a material one, and it is through the consideration of architecture as discourse that one can engage with it as visual culture�

-Rampley, Exploring Visual Culture: Definations, Concepts, Contexts (2005) p.103

The Evelyn Grace Academy in Brixton, London Borough of Lambeth, designed by Zaha Hadid Architec.This Academy presents itself as an open, transparent and welcoming addition to the community’s local urban regeneration process.The external shared spaces, in order to generate a setting that encourages interaction, are treated in a manner of layering creating informal social and teaching spaces at various levels based on the convergence of multiple functions.

“The interior is a more convincing spatial experience, with curving corridors and volumetric variations.

The strategic use of glass and lighting creates a sophisticated interior, layered and – not a word I would expect to associate with Zaha’s cool geometric approach – lovable.”

-Will Hunter “173 Evelyn Grace Academy”. Architectural Review, The. FindArticles.com. April 2012.

Relation to Wyndham city: The Gateway project could use glass and lighting to create sophisticated and exciting experience through layering of materials. The result of the layering effects will encourage the interaction between users of freeway with the gateway design.

Winner of Britain’s most prestigious architectural award Stirling Prize 2011

Evelyn Grace Academy / Zaha Hadid Architects

“The boathouse� is a first year Architectural Design Studio Water project. This project is located at Yarra Bend Park in Victoria. The concept for this design centred on the idea of circulation and interaction between nature and man through space compositions.

The idea of circulation comes alive through a series of journeys and sequences before approaching the building. One could walk from the gravel pavement and then to the white concrete stairs which directs visitor to walk through a pathway with a 7-metre plain white wall on each side. It restricts the view of visitors so that when one walks to the end of the pathway, wide beautiful panoramic scenery will be seen.

This project was not done digitally with computational tool, the design would be better and suited to the concept of interaction between man and nature if digital tools are used. Computational tools could be used to generate geometries and space composition that are more responsive to the natural slope of the site. Minimal changes of land will be made and thus it remains the natural topography of site. Besides that, this design is meant to be partially outdoor spaces, when computational tools are adopted to design this building, the design would be more responsive to the changes of sunlight and ample of sunlight would be received each season.

THE BOATHOUSE / (personal work)

01.20 Computation in Architecture “the implication of lower-level computing programming (scripting) as it becomes more widely taken up and more confidently embedded into the design process�

There is a growing interest in computation in architecture as it saves up more time andallow multiple changes and manipulation of data easily. Such technique of design is exciting as form is driven by the data input. Thus, the result might be something out of our expectations.

“The rapid development of parametric design tools, their ease of use and now continuing widespread adoption throughout the industry is transforming the way designs are created.”

Scunthorpe Sports Academy, Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, 2011

The screenshots of the firm’s SMART Sizer software illustrate interactive control of structural optimisation parameters.

The potential dynamic modification of optimisation criteria means that the designer can feel the structural response and behaviour of the design.

The masterplan of this design is structured around a new east-west pedestrian boulevard, which connects key town centre destinations to activities at the heart of the park. The Sports Academy’s position aims to distinctively re-activate the eastern park gateway. A welcoming entrance opens up access and views through planting, restoration of existing gardens.

A hybrid approach was therefore developed allowing aspects from different design approaches to be utilised simultaneously. The setting up of parametricmodels allows a distinction of ‘hard’ and‘soft’ constraints of which soft parameters can be dynamically controlled and the design sensitivity explored.

This design demonstrates the advantages of computational tools of offering interaction between designer and strategic design decisions.

The behaviours of the materials are tested and allow designer to see the maximum possible outcomes generated by the materials.

In Wyndham City Gateway project, this advantage of computational tools should be utilised. As Kalay (2004) describes, ‘different answers suggest different approaches to how solutions can be found’. Parametric design allows multiple approches ans outcomes of one problem. It calls for the rejection of fixed solutions and for an exploration of infinitely variable possibilities (Kolaervic, 2003). The history of associating design with past-precedent based design encourages to look towards architectural history for inspiration. However, this approach might not be useful when there are more unprecedented problems and demands nowadays. For example, the emphasis of sustainability and environmental awareness are stronger these days compared to olden days. In order to respond to such demands, one cannot seek for past solution as there is none that could fulfil the requirement. Thus, parametric design becomes a new tool to respond better to such issues to optimize the usage of materials or even looking into nature for a better inspiration.

This is of particular relevance in the context of today’s shift from task-specific computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines to more generic industrial robots in the building sector.

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, pg 44 ChapterJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2011

This research pavilion was designed and constructed by the Institute for Computational Design (ICD), the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE), and students at the University of Stuttgart, using computer-based design and simulation methods, with computercontrolled manufacturing methods for its design construction.The design is a development of a generative computational process based on the morphological principles of the plate skeleton of echinoids enabled the design and robotic manufacturing of a modular system that only uses extremely thin (6.5-millimetre/¼-inch) plywood sheets.

“Unlike traditional lightweight construction, which can only be applied to load optimized shapes, this new design principle can be applied to a wide range of custom geometry. “

Such design approach is highly related to the investigation done to design Wyndham City Gateway Project as it demonstrates the state-of-the-art techniques used to design, build and present this structure.

This project also shows the convenience of computational tools. From the very beginning of this research till the fabrication of this structure, everything was done is computer. The designers have generated complex form which can only made possible by the use of computational design as each piece of the materials size is calulated carefully and accurately. The design can then be translated into production through documentation that can express how to produce this geometry through computerized fabrication (In this case, CNC Milling). Not only born out digitally, buildings are also being realised digitally through“file-to-factory” processes of computer numerically controlled (CNC) fabrication techniques. This has greatly impacted the construction and fabrication phase n architecture, speeding it up and freeing up design constraints.

For the Wyndham Gateway project, we will be benefitted from scripting as it automates the routine aspects and repetitive activities, thus facilitating a far greater range of potential outcomes for the same investment in time. Additionally, it was able to take into account the limitations of materials, effectively controlling the use of materials and using it as one of the drivers of the design.

As the Gateway project will be developed using provided CUT definitions, there is a high possiblity to just use Grasshopper as a cloning tool, Therefore, one should see those premade definitions as a chanel to allow for efforts to be focused on the development of the design,where design concepts and required modificationscan be applied to create a project.

“The pavilion is thus both economical to build and materially highly efficient, while at the same time providing an enriched spatial extension of the university’s central public square.”

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, pg 44 ChapterJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

01.30 Parametric Design

“At its core, parametric modelling introduces a single new idea. Relate the parts together and defer to the system the task of keeping parts so related.”

Woodbury, Robert, Shane Williamson,and Philip Beesley (2006). ‘Parametric Modelling as a Design Representation in Architecture: A Process Account’, Crossing Design Boundaries, CDEN 2006, 3rd CDEN/RCCI International Design Conference

“The structure isbeginning more thantojust a visually attractive piece of urban furniture, however.

We are recover a certain philosophical Used for scientific it is morphogenetic unrivalled in itspotential innovative respect forresearch, the inherent of features and the manner in which it links various disciplines.�

22.03.2012 all materials.

And we may -Detail now be magazine in a position to think about the origin of form and structure, not as something imposed from the outside on an inert matter, not as a hierarchical command from above as in an assembly line, but as something that may come from within the materials, a form that we tease out of those materials as we allow them to have their say in the structures we create.

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2010

This innovative structure demonstrates the latest developments in material-oriented computational design, simulation, and production processes in architecture. The result is a bending-active structure made entirely of extremely thin, elastically-bent plywood strips.

The computational design model is based on embedding the relevant material behavioral features in parametric principles. These parametric dependencies were defined through a large number of physical experiments focusing on the measurement of deflections of elastically bent thin plywood strips. Based on 6400 lines of code one integral computational process derives all relevant geometric information and directly outputs the data required for both the structural analysis model and the manufacturing with a 6-axis industrial robot.

The structural analysis model forms the foundation for all further steps: the structural calculations in the process of “coiling up” the flat strips by means of finite element analysis (FEA), and the robotic production of the elements and their exact positioning on site.

As this “file-to-factory” tool being so convenient and made possible for the manufacturing of such structure, it also reduces the restriction that the convention manufacturing process has on the design.

When designing this gateway, one should take this advantage of specialized and fast speed manufacturing. However, it seems that while new forms were made possible by computation techniques, it does seem that all these forms tend to be slightly similar, even if the script is different.

Yet, this slightly similar form seems to be inevitable and most probably would be a new style of architecture in this century.

So then, is it possible to create something “eye-catching” and interesting as required in the criteria of Whydham Gatewat proposal?

FEA simulation of the pavilion (Illustration: Julian Lienhard, 2010)

In my opinion, it is possible to create a structure that is intriguing and attractive as there are other factors that attract people to a design. Form is not the only way of communication between users and the structure. There are other possible approaches such as experience or functionality that could be dealt with through scripting to attract people’s attention.

“Design computation provides the possibilities of integrating physical properties and material behaviour as generative drivers in the architectural design process.Thus architectural form, material formation and structural performance can be considered synchronously.”

- Menges ,Special Issue: Material Computation: Higher Integration in Morphogenetic Design, Volume 82, 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Case for Innovation conclusion

After looking through a series of successful precedents that uses computation design, it will be a good approach for us to design the gateway as this new technology has many advantages and possiblities such as manipulating a pool of data which is beyond humans ability.

The Gateway provides an outstanding opportunity to enhance Wyndham city public realm through a symbolic, creative and visionary piece of civic architecture. Architecture is the most public form of arts and it invites multiple, democratic and open interpretation. The gateway has much to offer beyond the urban sculpture, it will generate delightful experiences for visitors and locals, as an iconic and responsive urban form, a celebration of the city’s transformation towards new technologies.

RESEARCH PROJECT CUT: 01.40 Develop- Scope of Possiblities (Input/Associate/Output Matrix) “This (search) approach is used to produce candidate solutions for consideration, in addition to that, the few desired outcomes are chosen for further development and modification until the goals of design are reached. " (Kalay 18)

Matrix of Combinations: Surface Normal

Surface Grid

Overlapping Patterns

Explicit Grid

Curve Intersection

All combinations were decided independently, allowing us to explore in different directions, whichever we feel is more relevant, hence producing a range of results. In regards to Architecture’s New Media by Kaylay (2004), this would be catagorised as a breadth first search method.

Different combinations were created by using the input, associtive and output given. Boolean points and Surface normal were further tested. However, the result was not as satisfying as expected. Thus, other methods were used. Nonetheless, through this exercise, it provide the experience and basic knowledge of how the components in grasshopper work.

SURFACE NORMAL

SCALE FACTOR 2 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 4 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 6 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 8 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

COMBINATION OF CIRCLE POLYGON

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.1 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 29

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.6 ROWS 15 COLUMNS 12

SCALE FACTOR 0.31, 0.38 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 0.28, 1.00 ROWS 4 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.578 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.6 ROWS 32, 13 COLUMNS 47, 39

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 26 COLUMNS 30

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SURFACE NORMAL

BOOLEAN PATTERN

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.7 ROWS 16 COLUMNS 12

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MULTI MATH FUNCTIONS

MULT ATH FUNCTION SURFACE NORMAL

OVERLAPPING PATTERN

MATH FUNCTION PATEERN OVERLAPPINGH

01.50 Develop-Reverse-Engineered

McCormick Tribune Campus Center_ Chicago, Illinois,USA The McCormick Tribune Campus Center is located at the historic 120-acre (50-hectare) campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Chicago.

The campus, designed by Mies van der Rohe who became the head of IIT’s architecture program in 1938.

The facade of the building has colored imprint of Mies van der Rohe's portrait. This image is formed by pixels, which are informative and unique. The pixels are designed to express the various form of interactions, movement and activities which are associated with the building and students (Eeuwens 1, accessed on 2 May).

This project were chosen to find out how the tiny patterns and negative spaces create a bigger picture with computational tool. The pattern used is different from the original OMA facade as the patterns are more complicated and costed more if we fabricate it using laser cutter. Therefore, a simple pattern is used so that we can obtain a fabracated version to experiment with light. In relation to Wyndham City Council project, this facade could be used to portray information that symbolizes Wyndham City as a sign to welcome users of freeways.

It is also possible to overlap 2 layers of different materials and create the Moire effect like th eone in Dior Ginza.

COMPONENTS USED: IMAGE SAMPLER, MULTIPLICATION, SUBTRACTION, ITEM, ROUND, MOVE, WIRES

Dior Ginza Building Facade This precedent has distinct incorporation of innovative design approach in its material and also the visual effect. Two varying materials have been printed and perforated with circles of varying scale and sizes to have 3D like "hazy" effect on the viewer. This effect, the "moirĂŠ effect" (Pell 104-109), can be observed from various angles of the building and portrays its impact on social and urban scale as well.

The front layer is perforated aluminum sheet and at its back has 30% reduced circular patterns of the front printed onto a silk screen.

The facade enabled various interactive effects on the viewer. The effects vary in relation to change in time- different outlook during the day and at night.

Curve Attractor component is used in this reverse-engineer. The circles nearer to the curves are bigger. A grid of points is then created on the surface andtheir distance from the attractor curves wasmeasured using the “Pull Point� component.Another layer is created with the scale of 30% less than the first one.

01.60 Fabricate-Material “New material s are offering unparalleled thinness, dynamically changing properties, and functionally gradient compositions. Coupled with the means of digital technology, advances in material science have led to renewed interest among architects intectonic expression, material properties, and the ability to produce the desired surface and spatial effects.�

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008) Pg 6

Material Experimentation Different materials were used to fabricate the Dior Facade amd Tribune Campus icon pattern.

From top to bottom, boxboard, polypropylene and foamboard, black plastic sheets, and Tribune Campus icon Pattern under light.

The First model of Dior facade was made with overlapping two, same material and both at same scale. The second material was showed more complexity-two different materials overlapped, and the secondpanel was reduced by 30% of size.. The 2D planes overlapped, latter seemed to portray more distinct and intriguing 3D effect than the former.

Through these experimentation, the penetration of light through transparent and semitransparent materials are interesting as the result is always changing due to the intensity of light and angle of light shone. “architects like Herzog & de Meuron are pioneering a new kind of ornament, or are they intervening in a new type of surface? We can only understand the traditional and therefore contemporary role of ornament, by giving a contemporary signifi cation to the term ‘structure.’”

(Mooradian 17) The fabricating experiments have shown different forms of ‘ornaments’ that could be achieved with different application of material.

Material itself can work as an ornament and therefore, there will eb different outcomes for different materials.

Another light shadow pattern type created by tilting the Dior double layer facade model at different angles.

Experiment on material: AS seen in previous precedents of ITKE pavilillion, the shape of a structure is greatly influenced by by the behaviour of materials.

Thus, some materials were tested with heat distortion. By heating the vivac sheet and polypropylene. Curvy shapes were obtained easiy.

However, it’s hard to control how the sheet behaviour, Thus a frame is needed at the bottom so that when it is soften by heat, the vivac sheet will fall and take the shape of the frame.

Further exploration and application in gateway design: -the use of light to enhance the shape of the transparent sheet.

As such, interrogating materiality is fundamental to new attitudes towards achieving design intent.

(After all, architecture is fundamentally a material practice.

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008)(Pg 7)

01.70 Fabricate-Assembly Method

To provide a frame for the platic sheet, a structure was made from the shape of contour of the site. We adopted the idea from Banq restaurant, the Banq project also has a progression of views,where different orientations of the form has greatly differing effects – it moves from a solid organic structure to a linear slit form.

This is a priliminary experiment of manipulating contour in Gateway design.The result was acceptable. However, further development is needed to full explore the contour of the site and manipulating it to attract the attention of gateway users.

With this experiment, our group was able to refine and define our design intent and approach to final design.

The contour frame would be generated with computation technology to articulate the form of the design.

Complex design outcome could be achieved in collaborating our material experimentation with the parametric frame.

Hence with our complex and rational design outcome, the final design will be one that will be visually appealing to viewers and act as a symbol of Wyndham City.

Effect of transparent vivac sheet under strong light environment.

Effect of transparent vivac sheet under dark environment.

Double layer material to create hazy effect

01.80 Research Project Conclusion:

Through all these explorations, our team set our theme on articulating the landscape, taking control of the existing condition – the hill, contour of the site, and having subtle changes and effects implied on this contour with the aid of the modern computational design technology. As a whole, our design would change and impact on the perception of the Wyndham city, on communal and public level.

PART 2: PROJECT PROPOSAL

02.01 PROJECT DELIVERY: DIGITAL FABRICATION “(design) will enhance the physical environment through the introduction of visual arts component....ongoing interest in the Western Interchange by encouraging further reflection about the installation beyond a first glance.” ("Wyndham Gateway Design Project") Aim: To create a point of connection between Wyndham City community and the landscape of current site to further emphasis on Wyndham’s greater growth as a city and the reiteration of visions and hopes of the city.

Week 9 In order to develop further on the design, our group decided to focus on the cladding and fluid form of contour which we experimented earlier. To manipulate the contour of the site, we lifted the centre of the contour line by twice of the original height. A structural frame was added to support the cladding.

Core construction elements: From the previous weeks of experimentation in forms and shapes, we considered the materials that needed to be used in real-life construction. Initially, the intention was to use moulded glass sheet such as the one in Vakko Fashion Centre & Power Media Centre by REX or The Beijing National Aquatics Centre with ETFE cladding. Other material such as Glass-reinforced plastic (also known as fibreglass) used in Wood Pavilion at Chicago’s Lincoln Park Zoo was also being considered.

The Beijing National Aquatics Centre with ETFE cladding

Wood Pavilion at Chicago’s Lincoln Park Zoo- Glass reinforced plastic

The X-figure was produced with a specially constructed oven in which the glasswas heated locally on both sides ans allowed to camber under its own weight- 3.5-4cm away fromt the surface.

Although the effect was interesting, the cost of production and transportation would be high. Thus, this is not a good choice for material.

Vakko Fashion Centre & Power Media Centre by REX

However, the use of glass and the cost of specified glass sheet is too time consuming and expensive. For Wyndham City which put emphasis on sustainability and advocates minimal use of material, other economic and environmental friendly options were considered. These include recycled materials such as Castor-oil based polyamide and plastic from biological by-product.

Castor-oil based polyamide

Materials: Castor-oil based polyamide-containing Sebacic acid. This is extracted from castor oil, a renewable resource pressed from the beans of Palm of Christ (Recinus Comunis). –Bio plastic, low density, favourable low-temperature impact resistance and excellent dimensional stability-low water absorption, -produced by company BASF. Solar energy plastic strip: - electricity- conducting, light-activated plastics.

Advantages of organic solar are inexpensive starting materials, relatively small amount required, lightweight, manufactured easily, more environmental friendly than common silicon solar cells.

Solar energy plastic strip

Plastic from biological by-products: -Bio-rectors as raw materials for plastics can be extracted in a natural fermentation process from by product such a s food production or residue.

This raw material is called PLA polyacid/polyactic acid which serves as a basis for producing polyester by product are used for fabrication of PLA, in comparison to plastics from renewable resources.

Joinery: In order to connect cladding to the frame, we looked at some existing structure. These include Zaha Hadid’s Guangzhou Opera House and Yas Hotel in Abu Dhabi.

Guangzhou Opera House has a more complex geometry which is a node with arms that protrudes towards the neighbouring points. Those arms have a flat end that connects to a regularly cut linear member with a butt joint.

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Wyndham City located at the west of the meropolitan Melbourne, The city promotes its cultural diversity, and the wellness of its environment and the healthy society. The Princes Freeway is the major route of transportation connecting Wyndham to other regions, such as Werribee.

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Our group chose to place the design on Site A. Instead of placing the object as an experiential object, we decided to place the design at the most obvious point of the site as the design itself is very subtle. Besides that, the location where the design sits on is the higest point of the site. Thus it will be more obvious to the driver approaching the freeway.

SOLAR LEVEL INTENSITY (in a day)- Sunlight is the strongest at the north side of the design. Thus, the thicker and darker cladding are placed on north side so that more moisture will be retained on that site. The analysis of the solar intensity is obtained from a premade VB scripting definition by Ateliar and Gai Architectural Research Laboratory.

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02.02 Design Process

From the advice given and research done on Philip Beesley’s work, we formulated a stronger concept which could be more appalling to Wyndham city council jury.

Our concept:

Our project aims to create a design that will enhance the landscape of Wyndham city.

We are doing this by making a connection between the topography of site with the use of lightweight and recycled materials.

Why do we choose contour?

To articulate the landscape, taking control of the existing condition – the slight contour of the site and the subtle change of land provide us with great opportunity to either remain or make drastic change with the aid of modern computational design technology.

Why recycled materials?

Wyndham city has an extensive recycling programme which aims to ensure that the impacts of activities within Wyndham are within the coping abilities of the natural environment, and that existing natural environment is protected and enhanced. Wyndham City Council also aims to reserves the gateway as an example to the public of the quality, amenity and functionality of recycled materials. Besides that, we invite the participation of Wyndham city residents in this gateway construction to encourage the community to be interested and understand the design.

Besides that, lightweight recycled materials could be easily collected from the community. By doing this, we also ensure that lesser cost would be used. These materials can also be easily transported to the site and constructed in a fairly quick speed.

We have decided to give a frame to support the cladding. A truss frame was chosen to support the cladding panel. The size of the triangles depends on the sloppiness of the site. In order to hold the cladding in shape, wooden frame were used to frame up the recycled materials such as straw mat or recycled canvas sheet. The purpose of cladding was to partially cover the dry surface of soil so that water could be retained in the soil and provide moist environment for plant growth. According to Australian National Botanic Garden, climber plants mostly grow in well drain and rich organic matter soil.

There are suggested plants that are suitable to grow at the site, namely Sarsaparilla, soft jasmine, snake vine (sunny areas), and staff vine, kangaroo vine, sweet Morinda (shady areas).

Details on surfaces, treatment, communication We also looked into the sunlight intensity of the site. The area which receives lesser sunlight has claddings with less porosity and relatively less transparent compared to shady area. This is to ensure that the dry area will retain more water content in soil while plants in shady area receive more sunlight for growth.

Structural Detail- connection between panel and panel frame (The cladding is moveable by the wind force and this will allow better air circulation for plant growth. )

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Design process:

1.The contour data was incread by double to obtain this “mountain-like” form. The intention of creating such steep slope was to attract the attention of drivers .

2.In order to support the cladding and strucutre. Our group intended to create a structure that could support itself. We looked at the Dynamic Relaxation technique for formfinding of cable and fabric structures as shown in British Museum’s Great Court.

This structure assumes that all the mass is concentrated at the structural nodes. The system oscillates about the equilibrium position under the influence of loads.

However, this design was not accepted as we lack of knowledge and skill to create a structure that could stand on itself.

3.we seeks for other forms for the design. instead of covering the contour as a piece of fabric, we slipt it into three pieces and intended to give each surface a different cladding.

4. in order to create a design that is more interactive, we extruded part of the structure above the freeway.

However, this design was not applicable as there are difficulties in supporting the extruded structure. Besides that, the cantilevered structure might influence the aesthetic value of the design.

After looking at Philip Beesley work, we have a new understanding on parametric design. Instead of just creating an interesting forms, the design could be something subtle and humble yet it has a practical value.

We decided to keep the form simple by just wrapping the exisitng contour with simple and economic materials.

Besides that, we would like to allign our design intention with the Wyndham City target of being a sustainable city by using less or more environmenetal friendly materials. claddinng made of recycled straw and twigs.

“In parametric design, it is the parameters of a particular design that are declared, not its shape.

By assigning different values to the parameters, different objects or configurations can be created.

Equations can be use to describe the relationships between objects, thus defining associative geometry.� - Kolarevic (2003, p. 17)

Fabrication process: we created a developable surface and unfolded the structure. After coding, we printed it out on a hard cardboard and cut it. Although the cutting could be easily made with laser cutting, we decided to hand cut it as the laser machine broke down at the beginning of the cutting process.

After cutting, we scored the cardboard according to the color code. Each of the triangle is less then 2.4cm (2.4m in real life) so that materials can be transported easily to the site and less work force will be needed for construction.

One of the strips of structural frame.

Structural frame unfolded sheet 1 size 600x 900mm

After making the structural frame, we used wire to make the panel frame.

The cladding is then cut piece by piece and fixed onto the wire frame. This is the most time consuming part as the cladding and wire seperate easily. The cladding was attached to the frame according to the shades on the sun intensity analysis. After fixing the cladding and panel frame, the panel is stuck onto the structural frame.

Structural frame

Panel frame to be wrapped with recycled materials Recycled material cladding-Darker and dense shading material is used as cladding for points that receive the most sunlight, and and lighter colored and more penetrating material for the less intense parts. The shadow casted by these materials and the effect is intriguing- and responsive to varying light conditions.

There will be a level of limitation to the materials collected, we would specify and encourage materials that could assist in the appeal of the installation, possibly textured materials such as straws and plastics. The gateway design will become an icon or example to the public, that proves the quality, amenity and functionality of the recycled materials.

“As such, interrogating materiality is fundamental to new attitudes towards achieving design intent. After all, architecture is fundamentally a material practice.�

(Kolarevic 7)

Structural frame unfolded sheet 2 size 600x 900mm

Panel frame sheet 1 and 2 size 600x 900mm each

02.03 Design Outcome

The outcome could be better by taking away the frame as critics think it is unecessary and will lower the cost of production which makes it more appropriate for our design intent of having a subtle structure.

While the technique and computing logic of the design may be complex, the structure does not neccesarily have to be complicated. We believe simple and public friendly structure could convey ideas better as public has lesser knowledge on parametric design and parametric design itself is something relatively new. Hence, through this uncomplicated design, we hope to raise awareness and interest in the new and developing design approaches and influence the contemporary culture of digital architecture in the city . The design solution offered will help to achieve a responsive and distributed architectural environment, promoting the design to the community at a greater scale, by having a design with both aesthetic values and practicality.

PART 3: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

03.01 Individual Progress Reflection:

Throughout these 12 weeks of learning experience, I was amazed by the skills and knowledge that I have picked up.

Before the beginning of the course, I have some wrong preconceptions about digital architecture. Being told frequently in first year and second year classes that students should put more emphasis on hand drawings, I perceived computational architecture as something that is lifeless and lack of creativity. Besides that, my experience in digital architecture prior this course was just Virtual Environment in 2010 which used only Google Sketchup.

Due to the lack of technical skills and knowledge, I find computational architecture is restrictive. I often thought that all the computational tools do were just to create “interesting” blob shapes that “sort of” symbolises the fluid shape of modern architecture. However, week by week, my perceptions of computational architecture changed.

Some highlights of the course were the difference between computational and computerization, and the possibilities and advantages of computation. It is common among public or even among students to think that computational and computerization are the same. Thus, they have the idea of perceiving digital tools as a dead tool which cannot be used to design and merely based on calculation or geometry.

Another important aspect that I learnt is the application of grasshopper in architecture.

From the beginning of class, I knew nothing about grasshopper and rhino. Now I could understand better about the definition. At first I relied completely on the ExLab tutorial sheets to write a definition which I find it hard to understand as there is not a list of what each component is doing and its function. I find other alternatives to help my learning progress.

During Reverse Engineer exercise, I looked at some relevant definitions on the Grasshopper website and slowly find my way to the desired result. For example, Dior’s façade was created with the use of attractor points and the curve should be on the grid of points in order to generate a symmetrical pattern. When I search for help on the internet, I found a lot of VB scripting and other plugins that are totally unknown to me. To further my learning on computational design, it will be beneficial to teach myself this scripting knowledge after this course.

On top of these, I developed the ability to argue better. Among the learning objectives shown in the University Handbook, there are two major skills that I have picked up, which are the skills in understanding and using various three-dimensional media and further develop the ability to make a case for proposals. This course also helped me to realise the importance of arguing one’s design idea and intention in order to convince the jury with strong reasoning which was backed up by scholarly articles.

Highlights of some weeks: Week 1: I learnt that architecture is a discourse. The way how spaces organized and design speaks to the user in a very subtle yet powerful way. The idea of architecture as a symbol is stronger than one could imagine. Although people often think architecture as ‘buildings’ in general, it is a form of art, the greatest art of all, and its effect to users is more in depth than one could imagine.

Week 2: First time trying Grasshopper in life. At first I just follow the tutorials to put in components without finding out what they are doing in the definition. After a while, I find it unfruitful and learnt nothing from the tutorials. I redid the tutorial, and tried to understand how the components function and how they are connected.

Week 4: I adopted search method as mentioned in Kalay’s reading in week 2. I played with the combination of input output and associative. I find the combinations are limited and the outcomes are not as good as I thought it would be. Therefore I did not incorporate it to the design. The lecture clarifies what the Gateway project is about and how it should be done is a more professional and convincing way.

Week 5: As my group chose the topic of materiality, I looked at materials like copper sheet, acrylic sheet, Vivac, wire gauze, polypropylene and the effects of overlaying these materials. I also looked into optical illusion which shows movements of patterns but the idea was put aside as the tutors see more potential in developing contours and materials.

Week 6: this week we looked at ornamentation in the lecture. Stanislav has his view on modern ornamentation which he thinks that Modern architecture has their own ornament just expressed in a very different manner. According to Moussavi’s lecture, if a building is beautiful without its ornamentation, then does it not make the building itself an ornament?

Week 9: This week’s guest lecturer from McBride Charles Ryan regarding the integration of industries in architectural practice and the budget for a project. The optimisation of budget means that architects should attempt to ensure money are well spent of the building instead of paying excessive cost for transportation of materials and labours. Even in tutorials, we were asked about the problems to transport big pieces of glass sheet which are impractical. We were asked to reconsider the materials and techniques to produce this material as it piece is highly specific in shape.

Week 10: I never thought that stop motion could be this influential in bringing out the effect of a building. I especially liked the Lotto Paper based animation as it shows how people use the design from day to night. At every point of the day, people use it for different purposes. The use of lighting in this video reflects the effect of day light to the design and activities in the structure.

03.02 Future learning 03.03 Conclusion

Now that I knew and understood the advantages and great possibilities of computational design, I would like to further my learning on Philip Beesley’s work, which includes geotextile architecture. Some relevant and interesting conceptual designs such as Hylozoic Soil which is an interactive geotextile mesh that senses human occupants and responds with air movement, produced by peristaltic waves of motion within distributed fields of lightweight pores. It is exciting to see the outcomes of parametric design in architecture. Moreover, such design tools are not only used to create interesting and new forms, but it also finds practical applications among users.

This subject has been very beneficial and taught me powerful skills which might help me in my future career. If I had learnt this subject in a longer time period and less compact, I believe it would be more enjoyable and productive. There were times in this course which I struggled and lost interest because it was too overwhelming. Yet, I am glad that despite all the struggles, I managed to push my limits and tried something totally new. As digital architecture is still a very new tool, there are still many possibilities and uncertainties in it. I must always keep myself updated to this new tool so that it will be a continuous learning process and be helpful in future career.

Reference list: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts. Ed. Matthew Rampley. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. PDF file. pp. 102 - 16.

Kalay, Yehuda E. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004. PDF file. pp. 5 - 25; Burry, Mark. Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming.Chichester: Wiley, 2011. PDF file. pp. 8 - 71.

Moussavi, Farshid and Michael Kubo, eds. The Function of Ornament. Barcelona: Actar, 2006. PDF file. pp. 5-14 Kolarevic, Branko. Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing. New York; London: Spon Press,2003. PDF file. pp. 6 - 24.

Hill, Jonathan. “Drawing Forth Immaterial Architecture”.Architectural Research Quarterly 10.1 (2006): 51-55 PDF file.

Pell,Ben. ‘Dior Ginza’, in The Articulate Surface : Ornament and Technology in Contemporary Architecture. Basel, London: Birkhäuser ; Springer distributor, 2010.

PDF File pp. 104 - 109

Becker, Lynn. “Oedipus Rem - Rem Koolhaas’s IIT McCormick Tribune Student Center.”

Repeat. Lynn Becker, 2003. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. <http://www.lynnbecker.com/ repeat/OedipusRem/koolhaasIIT.htm>.

Etherington, Rose. “Elbphilharmonie by Herzog & De Meuron.” Dezeen Architecture and Design Magazine. Dezeen, 28 May 2010. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. <http://www. dezeen.com/2010/05/28/elbphilharmonie-by-herzog-de-meuron/>.

“Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Hamburg, Germany.” Design Build Network. Net Resources International. Web. 03 May 2012. <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/ elbe-philharmonic/>.

Long, Kieran. “Herzog & De Meuron.” Icon Magazine Online.Iconeye, May 2005.

Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.iconeye.com/read-previous-issues/icon-023-%7Cmay2005/herzog-de-meuron-%7C-icon-023-%7C-may-2005>.

Frearson, Amy. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion at the University of Stuttgart.” Dezeen Architecture and Design Magazine. Dezeen, 31 Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.dezeen.com/2011/10/31/icditke-research-pavilion-at-the-universityofstuttgart/>.

Sungur, Elif. “The Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2005.” Dexigner. Dexigner, 30 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 May 2012. <http://www.dexigner.com/news/5188>.

Mooradian, Aram. “EVERYTHING YOU’VE EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT ORNAMENT.” AArchitecture 4 (2007): 16-18. Architectural Association School of Architecture.

Architectural Association Inc, 2007. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <http://www.aaschool. ac.uk/Downloads/AArchitecture/AArchitecture04.pdf>.

Pavlus, John. “The World’s Most Complex Architecture: Cardboard Columns With 16 Million Facets.” Fastcodesign. Co.Design, Jan. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http:// www.fastcodesign.com/1663306/the-worlds-most-complex-architecture-cardboardcolumns-with-16-million-facets>.

“ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010.” Institute for Computational Design. University of Stuttgart, 2010. Web. 03 May 2012. <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458

EXPRESSION OF INTEREST

Architecture as Discourse

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Above all, architecture needs to be analysed as discourse. It then becomes possible to think about architecture as something in which all can participate.

Crucially, one can begin to think about it from he point of view of itsconsumption as much as its production. â&#x20AC;&#x153; -Rampley, Exploring Visual Culture: Definations, Concepts, Contextx (2005) p.103

1. COMMUNICATION The Gateway provides an outstanding opportunity to enhance Wyndham city public realm through a symbolic, creative and visionary piece of civic architecture. Architecture is the most public form of arts and it invites multiple, democratic and open interpretation. The gateway has much to offer beyond the urban sculpture, it will generate delightful experiences for visitors and locals, as an iconic and responsive urban form, a celebration of the city’s transformation towards new technologies.

Our purpose:

To articulate the landscape, taking control of the existing condition – the hill, contour of the site, and having subtle changes and effects implied on this contour with the aid of the modern computational design technology. As a whole, our design would change and impact on the perception of the Wyndham city, on communal and public level.

I. Theme and ideas

Our team views the gateway project as an opportunity to develop a sophisticated design solution that will signify and act as a steppingstone for Wyndham city’s development. The synergetic design partnership that we envision consists of innovative design methodologies to create an iconic design statement to impact on the city development and engaging for community. (Williams 111)

II. Methodology and design paths adoption

Our team aims to offer a project with unique and advanced ideas combined with sophisticated and appealing digital techniques.

III. Advanced techniques

Our team intends to use modern computational design tools, which are means of communicating complex and rational design outcomes.

These are contemporary approaches to design and deliver flexible design outcomes, in which case the design could be responsive to the changing contexts and to the site.

IV. Responsive to contextual change

With the incorporation of innovative techniques to process our design, we intend to produce sophiscated design outcomes that are responsive to the changing context such as the weather and light changes and to the site.

V. The community of Wyndham will be influenced by the potent of the advanced design solutions.

The design being located at the entrance to the city, will intend to have a visual impact on the viewer and the community- raising awareness for the innovative techniques adopted to deliver idea of complexity and the resulting design outcome.

In addition, by embracing the topography of the site with the innovative technique, this is to raise awareness of the site’s surrounding with the design, and developing more influential icon for the city, which the community can associate themselves with.

2. DESIGN APPROACH I.Precedent-Based Design “Aprocess that applies prototype to the particular circumstances of the present problem by copying its general features while modifying its less important ones.” (Kalay 24) In order to be able to create a more engaging and impactful design, our team has appointed a series of successful precedents as our design guide and reference. The precedents have been selected based on how they have adopted the innovative techniques in designing and have been engaging and impactful to their respective audience and context. Most of these precedents are award winning and outcomes of significant professionals in the field and have been greatly discussed in many published materials. Having to analyze the techniques and effects of the precedents’ design, our team members could incorporate their complexity to enhance our innovative designing process for Wyndham gateway project and enhance these techniques to generate an iconic piece that the audience could easily associate with Wyndham.

“The use of precedents in design leaves more room than prototypes for interpretation by the architect, who must choose the characteristics that are similar to the present problem while ignoring those that are not.” (Kalay 24)

II. Search “This approach is used to produce candidate solutions for consideration, in addition to that, the few desired outcomes are chosen for further development and modification until the goals of design are reached.” (Kalay 18) There are common means to how the search approach is often undertaken- the Depth first, Breathe first and Best first. (Kalay 19) Depth first procedure requires rationalizing a candidate solution by exploring it based on its logicality. Breathe first on the other works with several alternative solutions to develop a candidate solution and from then moving on to logically rationalizing the solution. Best first works with all possible candidate solutions.

In the case of our team, we have determined a few aspects of control, and with the search approach and computational technology, have tried to obtain the best design solution.

“Architectural design typically uses a combination of search methods.” (Kalay 19) Thus we have by examining existing candidate solutions for compliance with the goals and constraints. Developing new candidate solutions and testing them for compliance with the goals and constraints.

WHY COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN TECHNOLOGY? “The recent addition of computers to the repertoire of means communication has expanded access to information and opened up the design process for more people to become involved.”

Modern computational design technology, while it seems to be standardized technique in the precedents, it is not- because it does not “(design) the specific shape of the building but a set of principles encoded as a sequence of parametric equations by which specific instances of the design can be generated and varied in time as needed.” and thus a flexible design solution. Besides that, the modern contemporary culture is growing and there is demand for their uses in the design field. They allow for “denunciation of fixed solutions and lists potential variables” (Kolarevic 19), allowing for variable design solutions, and thus a more responsive and reflective design outcome in relation to the changing contexts and site, as our team intends to achieve (Kolarevic 18)

3. PRECEDENTS AND ARGUMENT PRECEDENT BASED APPROACH “(design) the specific shape of the building but a set of principles encoded as a sequence of parametric equations by which specific instances of the design can be generated and varied in time as needed.”

- Kolarevic “denunciation of fixed solutions and lists potential variables”

#This innovative approach to form a more associative methodology in engaging the audience is significant to our development of design solution for the Wyndham gateway as well. #

McCormick Tribune Campus Center

wens 1).

_Chicago, Illinois,USA_OMA/MichaelRock_2003

The facade of the building has colored imprint of Mies van der Rohe's portrait.

This image is formed by pixels, which are informative and unique. The pixels are designed to express the various form of interactions, movement and activities which are associated with the building and students (Eeuwens 1). The iconography unique to the interactions for the institution is an associative technique and an engaging communication tool for the building users (Eeu-

The unique fabricated outcome achieved is responsive to the time and light effect.

At night, artificial light shone through the signature patterns of Dior will create a new visual experience to the viewer, while stronger haziness and 3D texturing effect on a 2D plane during the day.

The scripting technology has allowed for â&#x20AC;&#x153;ability to work with large data sets, proceeding in many directions simultaneously, and working beyond our perceptual capacityâ&#x20AC;? (Burry 40) to achieve an outcome that has flexibility of responding to the changing context and viewer interaction.

Dior Ginza Building Facade Ginza,Tokyo,Japan_Kumiko Inui_2004

“The structural languages of the Japanese temple and English half-timbered house derive from their details: relationships between element and joint, continuity and splice defined their characters....mechanical array of elements between nodes."

Cecil Balmond (Arup)

Serpentine Gallery Pavilion

“Traditional timber construction methods evolved through their connection logic.”

London,UK_Alvaro Siza_2005

The design which was done for in 2005 by Alvaro Siza, is one that seems to denounce computational design technique at a glance (Sakamoto & Ferre 44-49).

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We were convinced that the city of Cottbus needed a different kind of building which would be more sculptural and more of a landmark building within the very generic urban pattern built after the war.â&#x20AC;? - Jacques Herzog (Long "Herzog & DeMeuron).

IKMZ University Library.

Cottbus,Brandenburg,Germany_Herzog&DeMeuron_2005

the library was awarded with the title "National Library of the Year 2006" in Germany (Long "Herzog & De Meuron"). The building plan conveys the idea of openness. The unique facade which the building integrates has created a barrier for this openness. The building exterior is heavily clad with glass panels, which have various language imprints superimposed.

In Wyndham Gateway Project, we would like to highlight our responsive to the site and changeable contexts through analysis of the site contour.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The building is part of one of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest urban development projects, HafenCity Hamburg, and can be considered an icon of this booming port city...(and also) portrays the public spirit of the Hamburg citizensâ&#x20AC;?

Rose Etherington (Dezeen)

The radical and innovative piece of design is intended to have effects on social and urban scale (Etherington "Elbphilharmonie

by Herzog & DeMeuron"). This is also part of the project to develop, revive and expand the city of Hamburg, where the city was once home to the most celebrated musicians before its poverty stricken state("Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Hamburg, Germany").

This intent to bring and open the city to more innovative and advanced level with their innovative design (Mooradian 16-18) can be related to our intent to create social and urban scale influence to the Wyndham city as well. Our incorporation of topographical features into the innovative design methodology could have associative appeal to the community like how the precedent has designed the new form on a existing building base.

Elbe Philharmonic Theatre Hall Hamburg,Germany_2013

The innovative structure demonstrates the latest developments in material-oriented computational design, simulation, and production processes in architecture. The result is a bending-active structure made entirely of extremely thin, elastically-bent plywood strips.

ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion

University of Stuttgart Campus,Stuttgart,Germany_2010 The innovative technique has allowed for design to be approached from the material capabilities and varied solutions relating to it has been achieved. The bending characteristics and structural possibilities of thin sheets of timber or plywood sheets has led to an outcome that expresses elastic and bent appealed design. This design reflects the overall performance capacity of the material. Computational design technology allowed for embedding of thin plywood sheets' physical and structural capabilities and these data input was simultaneously driven to create a design outcome unique to the input ("ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010")

4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY SURFACE NORMAL

SCALE FACTOR 2 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 4 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SCALE FACTOR 6 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

COMBINATION OF CIRCLE POLYGON

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.1 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 29

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.6 ROWS 15 COLUMNS 12

SCALE FACTOR 8 ROWS 46 COLUMNS 40

SURFACE NORMAL

BOOLEAN PATTERN

COMBINATION OF TRIGRID & RADGRID SCALE FACTOR 0.7 ROWS 16 COLUMNS 12

MULTI MATH FUNCTIONS

SCALE FACTOR 0.31, 0.38 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 0.28, 1.00 ROWS 4 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.578 ROWS 33 COLUMNS 33

SCALE FACTOR 1.6 ROWS 32, 13 COLUMNS 47, 39

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 26 COLUMNS 30

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

SCALE FACTOR 1.4, 0.36 ROWS 24 COLUMNS 28

MULT ATH FUNCTION SURFACE NORMAL

OVERLAPPING PATTERN

MATH FUNCTION PATEERN OVERLAPPINGH

REVERSE ENGINEER Dior Ginza Building Facade Ginza,Tokyo,Japan_Kumiko Inui_2004

McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Chicago, Illinois,USA OMA COMPONENTS USED: IMAGE SAMPLER, MULTIPLICATION, SUBTRACTION, ITEM, ROUND, MOVE, WIRES

4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY EXPERIMENTATION OF MATERIALS â&#x20AC;&#x153;New material s are offering unparalleled thinness, dynamically changing properties, and functionally gradient compositions. Coupled with the means of digital technology, advances in material science have led to renewed interest among architects intectonic expression, material properties, and the ability to produce the desired surface and spatial effects.â&#x20AC;?

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008) Pg 6 As such, interrogating materiality is fundamental to new attitudes towards achieving design intent.

(After all, architecture is fundamentally a material practice.

Kolarevic - Material Effects (2008)(Pg 7) Different materials were used to fabricate the Dior Facade amd Tribune Campus icon pattern. Materials being tested are boxboard, polypropylene and foamboard and black plastic sheets. We also let light to penetrate through small holes and observe the pattern/shadow formed.

Through these experimentation, the penetration of light through transparent and semi-transparent materials are interesting as the result is always changing due to the intensity of light and angle of light shone.

Another light shadow pattern type created by tilting the Dior double layer facde model at different angles.

Because plastic sheet is such a malleable material when heated, it needs to sit on a frame, so that when it cools down. its shape will follow the form of the frame. Thus, a wooden frame with contour of the gateway site was adopted and further experimented.

CONCLUSION

Our team looking forward to continuing exploration in transparent malleable materials and overlapping patterns. in addition to that, we will look into how materials transform and change over time, i.e. deteriorate through ageing, weathering, and use, These ideas will be further investigated and modified to create the most satisfying result that suits the goals of our teams as well as Wyndham city council criteria.

References:

Sakamoto, Tomoto and Albert Ferré, eds. From Control to Design: Parametric/Algorithmic Architecture. Barcelona; New York: Actar-D, 2008. Print.

Williams, Richard. ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts. Ed. Matthew Rampley. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. PDF file. pp. 102 - 16.

Kalay, Yehuda E. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004. PDF file.pp. 5 - 25; Burry, Mark. Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming. Chichester: Wiley, 2011. PDF file.pp. 8 - 71.

Moussavi, Farshid and Michael Kubo, eds. The Function of Ornament. Barcelona: Actar, 2006. PDF file pp. 5-14 Kolarevic, Branko. Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing. New York; London: Spon Press, 2003. PDF file.pp. 6 - 24.

Hill, Jonathan. “Drawing Forth Immaterial Architecture”. Architectural Research Quarterly 10.1 (2006): 51-55 PDF file.

Pell, Ben. ‘Dior Ginza’, in The Articulate Surface : Ornament and Technology in Contemporary Architecture. Basel, London: Birkhäuser ; Springer distributor, 2010. PDF Filepp. 104 - 109 Becker, Lynn. “Oedipus Rem - Rem Koolhaas’s IIT McCormick Tribune Student Center.” Repeat. Lynn Becker, 2003. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. <http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/OedipusRem/koolhaasIIT.htm>.

Etherington, Rose. “Elbphilharmonie by Herzog & De Meuron.” Dezeen Architecture and Design Magazine. Dezeen, 28 May 2010. Web. 27 Apr. 2012. <http://www.dezeen.com/2010/05/28/ elbphilharmonie-by-herzog-de-meuron/>.

“Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Hamburg, Germany.” Design Build Network. Net Resources International. Web. 03 May 2012. <http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/elbe-philharmonic/>.

Long, Kieran. “Herzog & De Meuron.” Icon Magazine Online. Iconeye, May 2005. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.iconeye.com/read-previous-issues/icon-023-%7C-may-2005/herzog-de-meuron-%7C-icon-023-%7C-may-2005>.

Frearson, Amy. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion at the University of Stuttgart.” Dezeen Architecture and Design Magazine. Dezeen, 31 Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.dezeen. com/2011/10/31/icditke-research-pavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/>.

Sungur, Elif. “The Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2005.” Dexigner. Dexigner, 30 Aug. 2005. Web. 1 May 2012. <http://www.dexigner.com/news/5188>.

Mooradian, Aram. “EVERYTHING YOU’VE EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT ORNAMENT.” AArchitecture 4 (2007): 16-18. Architectural Association School of Architecture. Architectural Association Inc, 2007. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/Downloads/AArchitecture/AArchitecture04.pdf>.

Pavlus, John. “The World’s Most Complex Architecture: Cardboard Columns With 16 Million Facets.” Fastcodesign. Co.Design, Jan. 2011. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://www.fastcodesign. com/1663306/the-worlds-most-complex-architecture-cardboard-columns-with-16-million-facets>.

“ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010.” Institute for Computational Design. University of Stuttgart, 2010. Web. 03 May 2012. <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458