Urinary Tract Infection Background
An urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than men. Infection limited to bladder can be painful and annoying. However, serious consequences can occur if a UTI spreads to kidneys and blood stream.
The annual incidence of UTIs in the elderly is around 10% and it may be as high as 30% for those living in nursing homes and other institutions.The mortality rate in bacteremic elderly patients with UTI is as high as 33%. In severe urinary tract infection, other systemic manifestations may arise, including high fever, shaking and chills, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, dizziness and even collapse. It can also be complicated by kidney damage and renal failure.
Different types of UTI may result in different signs and symptoms, depending on the part of urinary tract affected.
Symptoms and signs
Part of urinary tract affected
Signs & Symptoms
Kidneys (acute pyelonephritis)
- Pain at upper back and flank
Bladder (cystitis)
- Pelvic pressure - Lower abdomen discomfort
Urethra (urethritis)
- Burning sensation with urination
Urinary tract infections don’t always cause signs and symptoms, but when they do they may include: - A strong, persistent urge to urinate - A burning sensation when urinating - Passing frequent, small amount of urine - Urine that appears cloudy - Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine - Smelly urine - Pelvic pain, in women
Pelvis and Perineum
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