The Danish Wind Case and The Bornholm Experiment The 2012 Curaรงao Conference on the future of Durable Energy WTC, Curacao, 29th March 2012 Per Lund Chief Engineer Development Department Energinet.dk
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Agenda • Introduction to Energinet.dk • Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25%
wind power • Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil
free energy system in 2050 • The Bornholm Experiment
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Energinet.dk • National Transmission System Operator for electricity and gas in
Denmark (TSO) • Independent public enterprise under the Ministry of Climate, Energy
and Building • Own Supervisory Board appointed by the Minister • The finances of Energinet.dk must break even, i.e. a non-profit company
• Approx. 590 employees, Headqueaters in Erritsø - Jutland • Owns and operates the Danish transmission systems for electricity
and natural gas
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Core Tasks for Energinet.dk • Ensure short- and long-term security of supply for electricity and gas • Ensure well-functioning markets for electricity and gas • Ensure well-functioning emergency preparedness of the energy sector
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Agenda • Introduction to Energinet.dk • Operating the Danish Electricity System with
25% wind power • Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil
free energy system in 2050 • The Bornholm Experiment
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The Danish electricity system – development and policy
EU 20-20-20 target – 30% renewables in DK: • Power system may have to handle 50% wind
power! New Danish government – September 2011: • 2020: 50% wind power in electricity system • 2035: Fossil free electricity and heating systems
From primary to local generation
• 2050: Fossil free energy system
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Wind power already exceeds hourly demand today! %
Wind power as percentage of consumption in Denmark West, 2010
120
100
80
60
40
Wind Energy coverage in DK West: 28%
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0 jan-2010
feb-2010
apr-2010
jun-2010
jul-2010
sep-2010
okt-2010
dec-2010 7
Wind power balanced in a flexible generation system •
•
•
Coal fired power plants: •
Required to operate down to 35% of rated power
•
Some are capable to operate down to 10%
Combined heat and power plants: •
Hot water storage tanks decouple electricity and heat demand
•
Electric boilers give flexible demand
Wind farms: •
Grid codes ensure capability to support system
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The electricity market is all about balancing Import Production regulation Nonregulating production The four market places in Denmark: Spot market (day-ahead) Intraday market
Electricitysystem
Consumption
Regulating power market Reserves
Export
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Balancing and Grid Security Energinet.dk has developed two essential IT systems to manage the large amount of renewable generation: • Operational Planning System: • providing information on imbalances in the coming hours on
the basis of forecasts, up-dated generation plans, on-line measurements and DGM input
• Distributed Generation Management System (DGM): • providing the basis for forecasting renewable generation and
grid security calculations
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Operational Planning System • Imbalance = Consumption - Wind Power - Local CHP
- Primary Power Stations +/- Exchange • Consumption, Wind Power and a minor share of Local CHP are based on
regularly up-dated forecasts • Primary Power Stations, most Local CHP and Exchange are scheduled by
the market players and are continuously updated on-line
• The dispatcher buys and sells regulating power from the regulating
power market to bring the imbalance close to zero • Remaining minor imbalances are balanced by automatic reserves
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Distributed Generation Management System • 6300 generators on 4600 plants • 18 Balance Responsible Parties
for Production (PBR) • 4525 plants without individual
schedules • 75 plants with individual
Primary power stations Local CHP plants Wind turbines
schedules
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Agenda • Introduction to Energinet.dk • Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25%
wind power • Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a
fossil free energy system in 2050 • The Bornholm Experiment
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Main challenges for the Danish electricity system Wind energy in electricity system
Security of supply
50% 2010
2020
Market function 25%
2010
2020
2010
2020
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Energinet.dk’s strong prioritisation for 2020 Production
50% ? 50% Wind
Means and solutions
+ +
Robust transmission grid, strong interconnectors and market integration
Flexibility in demand and production – integrating the heat and transportation sector
Smart Grid for efficient control and market based regulation of the power system
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Two examples of Smart Grid R&D projects in Denmark
• Cell Controller Pilot Project – Intelligent
mobilization of Distributed Energy Resources • EDISON - Large scale Electrical Vehicles
project in Denmark
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Cell Controller Pilot Project world class Smart Grid RD&D
Cell Controller
Households Industry
Wind turbines
Households
Local CHP units
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Input
150 kV
Pilot Cell area Holsted 60 kV Net Installed CHP: 37 MW Installed wind power: 39 MW Peak load: 61 MW 150/60 kV Trans: 100 MVA
Output
Cell Controller
60 kV
60 kV
10 kV
60 kV
60 kV
10 kV
10 kV ∼
∼ 60 kV ∼ 60 kV
10 kV
60 kV
10 kV
60 kV
∼ 10 kV 18
Typical Danish wind turbines and CHP units 5 CHP units and 47 wind turbines are located in the Holsted pilot area
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Cell Controller development 2005-2011
Distributed intelligent control at each DER and substation Technical VPP performance respects market operation Active response and balancing of all actions within few sec. A Technical VPP solution is now ready for deployment Agent
Agent
Level 4 DNO SCADA
Agent
Agent
Agent
Agent
Agent
Level 3 (150/60 kV Substation)
Agent
Agent
Level 2 (60/10 kV Substations)
Agent
Agent
Agent
Level 1 (Assets)
Agent
Agent
Agent
Level 0 (Units)
Virtual Power Plant
Complete report ready for download at www.energinet.dk 20
EDISON – Large scale EV project in Denmark
Power Exchange Electric Vehicle
Power Dealer
Balance Responsible
Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using Sustainable energy and Open Networks 21
Smart Grids aspect: Capacity for EV charging
Case study in 0.4 kV feeder with 48 private houses in local grid at DSO NRGi-Net Amps Max. capacity in feeder
EVs are typical not at home in day hours
3 EV’s charging at the same time with 16 A 3-Phase in the Peak Hour at dinner time 18:00 65 EV’s might charge their daily consumption if distributed between 16:00 and 7:00 High value of Smart Grids for balancing the grid ! 22
Agenda • Introduction to Energinet.dk • Operating the Danish Electricity System with 25%
wind power • Preparing for 50% wind power in 2020 and a fossil
free energy system in 2050 • The Bornholm Experiment
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DENMARK Energinet.dk (Initiator) Østkraft Center for Electric Technology, DTU Siemens IBM Landis+Gyr
BELGIUM ELIA EANDIS (+ORES)
GERMANY EnCT Siemens AG*
Bornholm – European Smart Grid lab Real people – real grid – real solutions!
SPAIN Tecnalia
PORTUGAL EDPD
EcoGrid EU partners
NORWAY SINTEF ER (Coordinator)
Bornholm
ESTONIA Tallinn University of Technology (TUT)
THE NETHERLANDS ECN TNO
AUSTRIA Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT)
SWITZERLAND IBM Zrl* Siemens, CH*
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EcoGrid EU – not just another Smart Grid project • EcoGrid EU – cutting edge RD&D project on the Danish island of Bornholm • Testing a close to real-time market design – 5 min. market • Ensuring costumer participation • Ensuring balancing of power flow closer to and within the hour of operation
• Large scale demonstration in real grid with 2,000 real consumers • Scalability for Europe and many different grid platforms • Primary focus on the distribution grid and Renewable Energy Sources • TSO interest is local balance – with much higher penetration of RES • Alternative is to adopt imbalances in the transmission grid
• Economical benefit for everybody • Socioeconomically benefit – when RES are being utilized at an optimum • Using and rewarding consumer behavior for balancing the grid • Avoiding grid investments
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EDISON and Cell Controller to Bornholm
Cell Controller
Households Industry
Wind turbines
Households
Local CHP units
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Energy Consultancy A/S
Thank you for your attention! 27