Portfolio Studio 25 Environmental BS Jessica Betterridge 761457 Studio E
Contents Page
Part Part Part Part Part Part Part Part Part Part Part
One: Initial Research 3 Two: Initial Concept 10 Three: Client 16 Four: Initial Site Analyisis 19 Five: Precedents 25 Six: Initial Planning 27 Seven: Design Development 35 Eight: Design Progression 43 Nine: Concept Refinement 57 Ten: Final Design Progression 61 Eleven: Final Design 64
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Part 1: Initial Research
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Research Site Analysis Facts Average summer temperature: 27 degrees Celsius • Average winter temperature: 14 degrees Celsius • Winter winds from the south • Summer winds from the north • Site dimensions: 65m x 51m ESD Technology • Solar panels • Grey water systems • Green roof • Green roofs have the ability to replace lost green space • Reduction of building energy consumption • Mitigation of the urban heat island effect • Improvement of air pollution • Water management • Increase of sound insulation • Water filtering • Quality of run off water • Battery storage • Algae power • Shading for season (biophilic)
toward a healthy and fulfilling life. Wellness is more than being free from illness, it is a dynamic process of change and growth’ (UC Davis) Types
of Wellness: 1. Emotional Wellness 2. Environmental Wellness 3. Intellectual Wellness 4. Financial Wellness 5. Occupational Wellness 6. Physical Wellness 7. Spiritual Wellness 8. Social Wellness
Wellness Research Definitions • ‘A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’ (World Health Organisation) • ‘A conscious, self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential.” (The National Wellness Institute • ‘Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices Portfolio _ Studio 25 Semester 1 2020
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Initial Material Research INTRODUCTION The construction industry as a whole produces 20 million tons of waste each year. The substantial population growth has caused a need for large scale property development in parts of Australia, particularly the capital cities. This has led to an increase in the waste that is produced by the construction and demolition of buildings. (Shooshtarian 2019) The most common types of materials that are sent to landfill are: - Bricks - Concrete - Timber - Plasterboard - Asphalt - Rock - Soil Most of this waste 6.7 million tons was sent into landfills across Australia, the rest was either recycled, illegally dumped, reused, reprocessed or stockpiled. Some of this waste was historically shipped to Asian countries such as China to be processed, however in 2017 China introduced a policy to restrict waste imports. This has left Australia to seriously reconsider how they are using their old construction materials. (Shooshtarian 2019)
Image 1: Construction Waste in landfill Sourced from: https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/all-news/2019/jul/ construction-industry-waste-landfill
At the present time just sending it to landfill is an extremely wasteful practice and there will be increased social, economic and environmental costs to these practices. (Shooshtarian 2019) RECYCLED BRICKS Recycled bricks are bricks from an existing building or construction site. These are usually acquired during the demolition of an existing building. Typically bricks retain their prior strength and can be fully recycled and implemented into new buildings. They are one of the easiest building materials to reuse. (Architecture and Design 2019) They do however need to be partly processed to remove any mortar that might still be present from the previous building project.
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Image 2: Recycled Bricks Sourced from: https://www.tradingpost.com.au/House-andGarden/Building-and-Renovations/Building-Materials-/RECYCLED-BRICKS-THE-BRICK-RECYCLERS/Reservoir/VIC/AdNum-
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Initial Material Research RECYCLED CONCRETE Concrete can be recycled by crushing the concrete through large industrial crushing and impactor equipment. There are many uses for recycled concrete: - Gravel - Paving materials - Aggregate for new concrete - Permeable paving for walkways - Driveways - Other outdoor surfaces - Bed foundation for trenches containing utilities - Landscaping mulch (replacing river stone) RECYCLED TIMBER Recycled timber is becoming more and more common, not only because of its eco-friendly benefits, but also for its aesthetic appeal. The major advantage to using recycled timbers is the positive environmental effects, including: - Conservation of old growth forests - Increased carbon storage - Lower greenhouse gas emissions Recycled timber can be reused for the following: - Hardwood flooring - Decking - Beams - Joists - Trusses - Posts - Bollards - Bench tops - Furniture - Cladding Portfolio _ Studio 25 Semester 1 2020
Image 3: Recycled concrete being processed into aggregate Sourced from: https://www.boral.com.au/products/quarry-materials/recycled/recycled-aggregates
Image 4: Recycled timber Sourced from: https://www.yardfurniture.com.au/our-process/
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Initial Material Research In addition to being better for old growth forests, recycled timber has a significantly lower embodied energy as there is no requirement to extract, transport, dry the timber and often the timber does not need to be remilled when it is recycled. (Ironwood Australia 2015) The only real issue with recycled timber is that some builders and architects don’t like using recycled timber for structural members as it usually doesn’t have a current structural rating and there can be subsequent legal issues. WASTE PLASTIC BUILDING BLOCKS Waste plastic building blocks use waste plastic to create building materials either from the plastic that is found in the ocean or plastic from landfill. This plastic is then compressed into the same dimensions of a conventional concrete masonry unit. These blocks bind together without the need for a binding agent such as glue. This further reduces the embodied energy. (Science Focus 2019)
Image 5: Waste Plastic Building Blocks Sourced from: https://www.expertskiphire.co.uk/plastic-bricks
This technology is fairly new and was originally developed by ByFusion in New York. The plastic that is used does need to be cleaned and processed before it can be turned into the blocks. The bricks can be fixed together with metal rods to create structures. Most commonly the bricks are then coated in chicken wire and finished with mortar to create a smooth wall. (Science Focus 2019) RECYCLED STEEL At the present time Australia produces 4.5 million tonnes of steel per year. Steel is the world most recycled material with approximately 40% of all steel production is based on recycled scrap. Of the steel that is recycled 86% of the steel is used in the steel furnaces to make new steel where 13% is directly used in new structures. Only 1% of the steel that is recycled ins lost to rust or landfill. (Sustainability Victoria 2020)
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Image 6: The recycling process of steel Sourced from: https://www.steelsustainability.org/recycling
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Research : WELL Building Standard Nine Concepts of the WELL building Standard: 1. Air Optimise and achieve indoor air quality. Strategies include removal of airborne contaminates, prevents and purifications. 2. Water Optimise water quality while promoting accessibility. Strategies include removal of contaminates through filtration and treatment, and strategic placement. 3. Nourishment Encourage deathly eating habits by providing occupants with healthier food choices, behavioral cues and knowledge about nutrient qualities. 4. Light Minimise disruption to the bodies circadian rhythm. Requirements for windows performance and design, light output and lighting controls, and taskappropriate illumination levels are included to improve energy, mood and productivity. 5. Movement The promotion of physical activity and active living. The Well Movements discourages from sedentary behaviors through environmental design strategies, programs and policies. 6. Comfort Promoting human productivity and ensuring a maximum level of thermal comfort among all building users through improved HVAC system design and control and by meeting individual thermal preferences. 7. Materials Using materials that reduce human exposure to hazardous building material ingredients through the restriction or elimination of compounds or products known to be toxic and the promotion of safer replacements. Compounds known to be hazardous to the health of occupational workers and/or known to bio-accumulate or aggregate in the environment are also restricted and in some instances not permitted. 8. Mind Promoting mental health through policy, program as well as implementing strategies that seek to address the diverse factors that influence cognitive and emotional well-being. 9. Community Providing access to essential healthcare, workplace health promotion and accommodations for new parents while establishing an inclusive, integrated community through social equity, civic engagement and accessible design. Portfolio _ Studio 25 Semester 1 2020
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Research: Biophilic Design 14 PRINCIPLES OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN 1. Visual Connection with Nature (a view to elements of nature) 2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature (auditory, haptic, olfactory or gustatory stimuli that have positive references to nature) 3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli 4. Thermal & Airflow Variability (small changes in the air temperature, relative humidity, airflow across the skin surface temperatures
that mimic natural environments)
5. Presence of Water (hearing, seeing and touching water) 6. Dynamic and Defuse Light (utilising different light contains that mimic shading and shadow that change over time, like nature) 7. Connection with Natural Systems (the awareness of nature systems for example seasonal and temperature changes that are
characteristic of a healthy ecosystem)
8. Biomorphic Forms and Patterns (references to patterns that exist in nature) 9. Material Connection with Nature (materials and elements from nature that reflect the local ecology and geology and create a
distinct sense of place).
10. Complexity and Order (rich sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to that of nature) 11. Prospect (an unimpeded view over a distance, for surveillance and planning.) 12. Refuge (a place for withdraw from environmental conditions) 13. Mystery (the promise of more information, achieved through partially obscured views or a desire to explore the building) 14. Risk/Peril (an identifiable threat coupled with a reliable safeguard)
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Part 2: Initial Concept
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Initial Vision of Sustainability The implementation of more self sustainable practices that will improve the overall well-being of people due to the reconnection with nature, that we are humans crave on a biological basis.
• Humans currently engage in minimal self sustainable activities. • We have forgotten how to provide food for ourselves. • We rely on the global food and supply chain. • When then is interrupted due to natural, man-made or global health crisis we see panic buying and global food/ supply shortages (this is not sustainable). • Nature provides food and gives us nourishment. • The lack of self providing leads us to eat overly processed foods which affects our bodies in less desirable ways eg. obesity epidemic and preventable health conditions. • By engaging in practices that would make us self sustainable we would be forced to reconnect with nature. •
The re-engagement with nature should lessen time in front of screens and the stressful elements of life.
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Initial Concept: Physical Wellness - Being physically fit - Connection with the natural environment - Exposure to natural light - Having opportunities to eat well
Physical Wellness
- Having a community of like minded people - Maintaining social interactions - Work life balance - Establishing genuine human connection
Vision of Sustainability - Intergrating biophilic principles - Adhering to the well building standard - Ensuring access to green space - Use of materials derived from the earth
Social Wellness Physical wellness cannot be achieved on its own, not without considering social and emotional wellness. Students and staff - Mindfulness - Stress reduction techniques - Self care - Accepting social support
are already struggling with all of these concepts. Perhaps with the integration of principles from the WELL Building Standard and the Principles of Biophilia could the improve the learning and overall lives of the users of the building.
Emotional Wellness
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Initial Concept: Classroom Design
Green space / educational garden integrated into classrooms.
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Community feel and ability to connect the learning spaces
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Initial Concept: Design Principles
Design Principles
Assess to Nature
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Ease of Access
Community Spirit
Sustainable
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Initial Concept: Design Strategies 1| • • • • • • • •
2| Have Access to Quality
Integrate Physical Activity
Water Sources
Interior fitness circulation Structural fitness opportunities Active furnishings Physical activity spaces
• Have good water quality • Have regular water testing
4|
5| Provide Natural Light
Access to Wholesome Food
• Glare control (natural and artificial) • Circadian lighting design • Light at night
• Have food growing facilities (community gardens) • Design the shared eating facilities so that they encourage good food choices • Have minimal food advertising • Access to hand hygiene facilities
• • • •
Provide human delight Celebration of culture Restorative programing Mental health promotion
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• Equal access for all • Good interior ergonomic design
• Implement building water treatment • Prevent agricultural contaminates
Have visible stairs Bike storage Desk height flexibility Active facade
7| Mindfulness Design
3| Accessibility
8|
Achieve Good Indoor Air Quality • • • •
Healthy entrances Mold reduction Increased ventilation Toxic material minimization
6| Establish a Connection
with Nature
• Have access to green space wherever you are in the building
9| Design for Internal Comfort • Sound reduction • Thermal comfort strategies • Creating thermal zones • Manage the humidity
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Part 3: Client
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Initial Concept: Client Engagement Client Staff and Students of the Office of Environmental Programs: • Current number of students: 350
Client Consultation
• Current number of staff: 10 Event Space
Outdoor Space
Green Space
Designing for Projected Growth
Community
• Projected faculty growth: 450 in 2022 • Building will be used by other faculties, namely the science, agricultural faculty to hold some of their classes. • Case for expansion: the Melbourne School of Design was designed for a capacity of 1700 students, it currently has
More Learning Spaces
Comfortable Environment
Dedicated Spaces for Students More Space for Staff
approximately 2500 students using the space, not all from the school of design. It has already exceeded design capacity.
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Initial Programming Based on Client Consultation
PROGRAM General: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Cafe Reception Foyer / Entrance Space Toilets (gender neutral) 1 per floor Change rooms (2 per building) Staff Kitchen Student Kitchen / communal space Outdoor event space Indoor event space / multifunction room Storage Garden Exhibition space Office (research) - 7 people Office (staff) - 6 people + director
• • • • • •
uiet Q Group Large group study space eg. Design hall Specific OEP study room 2 scientific labs Educational garden lab
Student Wellness: • Meditation space • Prayer room • Exercise space • Bike Storage
Learning: • • • • •
Lecture theatre (200 person capacity) 10 classroom spaces (25 person capacity) 2 seminar rooms (50 person capacity) Environment library Study Spaces
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Part 4: Initial Site Analysis
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Site Location
South Lawn Swanston Street
Grattan Street
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Wind Analysis
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Pedestrian Traffic Analysis
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Views Analysis
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Sun Analysis
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Part 5: Precedents
Inspriation ENR2: Institute of Environment (University
Unilever Headquarters
of Arizona)
Architect: Aedas
Architect: Richard+bauer architecture
Location: Jakarta, Indonesia
Deakin University REACH Building
Oldham Maggie Centre
Architect: Design Inc
Architect: dRMM
Location: Geelong, Australia
Location: Oldham, UK
Location: Arizona, USA
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Part 6: Initial Planning
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Initial Site Response INITIAL SITE MASSING ITERATIONS 1
2
3
4
5
6
MASSING AND SITE RESPONSE The key things that were noticed on the site where: • The wind direction in both summer and winter • The pedestrian traffic that primarily moves from either union house to site; the tram stop to site; or the ERC to site; there is also the future train stop that has an entrance on Grattan Street near the 1888 building. • The views that are key are the ones from the south and east overlooking the historic 1888 building and the city; as well as the views over the new student precinct courtyard. These were all taken into account when responding to the site, the building was broken up to enable the capture of winds from both the north and south. The courtyard was also established to invite the users to travel through the site and gather at the base at the building. The breaking up of the building will also allow for maximum views to the outside for users, decreasing the leasing depth. Hopefully allowing for a more positive experience for users.
KEY
Sun direction Views Summer wind Winter wind
NORTH
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Pedestrian traffic
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Initial Site Response: Vertical Massing
INITIAL MASSING VERTICAL ITERATIONS
1
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3
4
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6
7
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Functional Relationships KEY
Staff space Learning space Amenities Wellness Toilets
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Initial Planning
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Form Exploration
1|
3| Portfolio _ Studio 25 Semester 1 2020
NORTH
This iteration is a basic extraction from the site massing, while this is effective, it is quite plain in form and could be built upon.
This is an interesting form, the roof will allow light to stream through the building and provide an airy and open experience for users, it would also prevent the roof from being usable.
2|
4|
This form is slightly more geometric and is interesting, however it does not response to the site from the sun perspective and would take away any use able roof from the users.
This is a happy medium between iterations 3 and 4 as well as 1. There is a sloped roof space that will allow for solar panels as well as light to enter into the building at an angle, but also have some flat roof space to accommodate a green roof and or community garden.
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Proposed Initial Layout
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 6
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Initial Concept Design
NORTH
INITIAL CONCEPT ON SITE
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SITE CONDITIONS RESPONSE
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Part 7: Design Development
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Concept Refinement
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Design Iteration Week 7
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Design Iteration Week 7
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Massing Refinement Week 7
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Experiences
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Design Development Week 8
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Design Development Week 9
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Part 8: Design Progression
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Programing and Design Strategy Refinement General:
Student Wellness:
• Cafe
• Meditation space
• Reception
• Prayer room
• Foyer / Entrance Space
• Exercise space
• Toilets (gender neutral) 1 per floor
• Bike Storage
• Staff Kitchen • Student Kitchen / communal space • Outdoor event space • Indoor event space / multifunction room • Storage
1|
Integrate Physical Activity
• Interior fitness circulation • Structural fitness opportunities • Active furnishings • Physical activity spaces • Have visible stairs • Desk height flexibility • Active facade
• Garden • Exhibition space • Office (research) - 7 people • Office (staff) - 6 people + director Learning: • Lecture theatre (250 person capacity) • 9 classroom spaces (25 person capacity)
2| • • • •
Mindfulness Design
Provide human delight Celebration of culture Restorative programing Mental health promotion
• 1 seminar rooms (50 person capacity) • Environment library • Study Spaces • Quiet • Group • Specific OEP study room • 2 scientific labs • Educational garden lab
3|
Establish a Connection with Nature
• Have access to green space wherever you are in the building • Water flowing throughout the entire building guiding you thorough,
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Week 10 Floor Plans -----
Cafe Cafe
Exibition Space Exibition Space
Classroom 1 Classroom 1
Library Library
UP UP
Classroom 2 Classroom 2
Storage Storage
Classroom 3 Classroom 3
Quiet Study Space Quiet Study Space GN Bathroom GN Bathroom
N LEVEL 1 (GROUND FLOOR)
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0 1 0 1
3 3
5 5
10 10
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Week 10 Floor Plans ---
Break Out Space
Break Out Space
Classroom 5
Cafe
Seminar Room 1 Exibition Space
Classroom 1
UP
Library Classroom 6
UP
Classroom 7
GN Bathroom
Classroom 2
Storage
Quiet Study Space
Classroom 4
Storage
Classroom 3 Lecture Theatre
UP
GN Bathroom
N LEVEL 2
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3
5
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Week 10 Floor Plans ---
GN Bathroom
Exibition Space
Cafe
Classroom 8
Staff Common Room u Comp
ter La
b
Breakout Study Rooms
Breakout Study Rooms
Science Lab 2
Classroom 1
Library
UP
Science Lab 1 Classroom 2
Quiet Study Space
Storage
Storage
Classroom 3
GN Bathroom
Lecture Theatre
N LEVEL 3
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Week 10 Floor Plans ---
Student Cafe Common Room
Exibition Space OEP Study Hall
Chill Out Space
Classroom 1
Classroom 9
Library Open Study Space Breakout Study Rooms
UP
Breakout Study Rooms
DN
GN Bathroom
Classroom 2
Plant Lab
Storage
Storage
Classroom 3
Quiet Study Space GN Bathroom
N LEVEL 4
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Week 10 Floor Plans ---
Cafe Exibition Space
Community Garden
Classroom 1
Library
UP
Event Space
Classroom 2
Quiet Study Space
Storage
Storage
Classroom 3
GN Bathroom
N LEVEL 5 (ROOF)
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Site Plan Week 10
---
Exibition
Space Cafe
Classroo
m1
Library
UP
Classroo
m2
Storage
Classroo m3 GN Bathro
om
Quiet Study Space
---
Cafe
Exibition Space
Classroom 1
Library
UP
Classroom 2
Storage
Quiet Study Space
Classroom 3 GN Bathroom
0
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Updated Site Analysis
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Classroom 1
Section Week 10 Library
UP
Classroom 2
Storage
0
1
3
5
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Classroom 3
Quiet Study Space GN Bathroom
10
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Classroom 1
Section Week 10 Library
UP
Classroom 2
Storage
0
1
3
5
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Classroom 3
Quiet Study Space GN Bathroom
10
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Initial ESD Strategies
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Week 10 3D Visualisation
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Initial Material Selection
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Part 9: Concept Refinement
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Mental Wellbeing Concept Research
“Effective sustainable design and development combines both lessening and avoiding adverse impacts on natural systems, as well as enhancing human health, productivity, and physical and mental well-being through fostering beneficial connections to nature.” (Baldwin 2011) “Biophilic design aims to create landscapes that enhance human physical and mental health and productivity by fostering beneficial connections between people and nature in places of cultural and ecological significance.” (Kellert 2008) “Social, psychological, and health benefits of interacting with healthy and functioning natural environments include reducing stress, pain, and depression (Hartig 2008); enhancing physical and mental resilience and health (Hartig1991, Frumkin 2003); improving childhood development, attention, and academic performance.” (Kahn and Kellert 2002)
Biophilic Design
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Improved Mental Health
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Updated Concept To create a building that improves on the mental wellbeing of students and promotes sustainable learning practices
Vision of Sustainability Students and staff need to be able to work and learn in a place that caters to their overall mental health. The focus on mental wellbeing will allow for more sustainable learning practices without the users experiencing burnout.
• • • •
Principles of Biophilia
Sustainable Wellness Design Approaches
Implementing natural materials Views to nature Well lit spaces Interesting and dynamic design
• Specific study spaces that promote group learning and foster community • Spaces that promote mental wellness culture • Gardening • Student community spaces • Retreats throughout the building
Produces • • • • Portfolio _ Studio 25 Semester 1 2020
Improved productivity for users Reduced stress, pain and depression Decreased isolation Increased attention span for users 59
Design Moves based on Updated Concept 1|
Providing access to views of nature and natural light sources.
2|
Implementing natural materials, strengthening connection to nature.
Classroom
Classroom
3|
Programing specific study and learning spaces that foster community and reduce isolation.
Study Space
Classroom
Classroom
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Open spaces that provide calming effect.
Using the shape of the building (curves) to enhance the light quaility in the interior spaces, even on low light days. Providing a postive mental wellbeing environment year round. 60
Part 10: Final Design Progression
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Floor Plan Progression Week 12 Exibition Space
Undercover Gathering Space
Cafe
OEP Study Hall Study Space DN
UP
Fire Stairs
Student Common Room
OEP Library
UP
UP
Plant Room
Classroom 5
Classroom 1
Bike Storage
Breakout Room
Mens Changeroom
Classroom 3
Classroom 6
Classroom 2 Womans Changeroom
UP
Breakout Rooms
Study Space
Storage GN Bathroom
0
1
3
DN
5
0
10
Staff Common Room
1
3
5
Classroom 4
Storage
0
10
1
Lecture Theatre
DN GN Bathroom
3
5
10
Kitchen Academic Offices
Event Space
Study Space
Void
DN
Rooftop Garden
DN
GN Bathroom
Study Space
Science Lab
Breakout Rooms
Group Room
Plant Lab
Study Space
Void
Storage
Group Room
Rooftop Garden
Storage GN Bathroom
0
1
3
5
10
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Form Experimentation Week 12
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Part 11: Final Design
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Final Site Analysis Views
Sun Path
Winter Wind
Summer Wind
More shading (operable) needed on the west side of the building due to sun path.
Space for students to sit in the sun
Rooftop lower (1 storey) for less obstructed sun for community garden
Less shading needed due to sun path (fixed)
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Shade and undercover spaces provided for students to sit and study outside
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Final Programing
Learning Space
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Community Space
4|
Community Space
3|
Study Space
2|
Learning Space
1|
Engagement Space
Utilities
Community Garden | Event Space | Plant Lab | Group Study Areas
OEP Faculty Guests Students
Staff Area | Science Lab | Group and Individual Study Areas
Academics Students
Lecture Theatre | 2 Classrooms with Breakout Space | OEP Study Hall | Library
Students
Library | Cafe Exhibition Space | 4 Classrooms with attached Breakout Spaces
Students Guests
Public Space
Staff Space
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Site Response _ Way finding
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North Elevation
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West Elevation
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Roof 21000
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Roof 1 17000 Level 3 13000 Level 2 9000 Level 1 5000 Ground Floor 1000 Basement -3000
0
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Section 1
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Section 2
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ESD Strategies
Mono-crystalline Cell Solar Cell System (23% efficient) Battery storage in
plant room
Recycled Materials
Green Roof
Shading System
Active Chiled Beams (Water cooled) HVAC Grey Water System
Geothermal Heating
system
Water Tank Storage
and Cooling System
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ESD Strategies: Shading Systems Creeper Plant Pot Operable Glazing
Fixed Shading System: Material: Recycled Corten Steel Perforated to let filtered light penetrate the building
Fixed Shading
Triple Glazing Operable Shading
Basement
Operable Shading System: Material: Recycled CLT Not perforated so that the light can be better controlled by the Building Management System
-3000 0
1
3
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ESD Strategies: Material Selection
Recycled Australian Softwood Locations: • Flooring • In-built Joinery
Triple Glazed Argon Filled Windows
Recyled Gluelam Locations: • Structure (columns, beams, internal wall structure)
Recycled Concrete using aggregate from previous building Locations: • Floor Slabs • Fire Stair Walls
Recycled CLT Panels Locations: • Exterior Walls • Internal Walls
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Recyled Perforated Corten Steel Locations: • Fixed Shading System
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Exterior View
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Approach
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Courtyard
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OEP Library
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Lecture Theatre
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Breakout Space
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OEP Study Hall
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