The Identity of Us: Master of Architecture Thesis

The Identity of Us Re-imagining the biophilic principles Thesis Project by Jessica Betterridge

The Identity of Us Re-imagining the biophilic principles

Jessica Betterridge | Master of Architecture Thesis Supervisor: Johannes van Rijinberk Studio: Architecture as Identity: Fishermans Bend Campus University of Melbourne Melbourne School of Design

Contents Thesis Statement

Page 8

Proposal Page 13 Literature Review Page 22 Methodology Page 28 Precedents Page 32 Background Page 40 Site Page 55 Principles of Biophilia

Page 67

Design Concept Page 94 Programing Page 105 Sketch Design Page 117 Final Design Page 131 Floor Plans Page 142 Circulation and Application of Principles

Page 152

Sections and Elevations

Page 170

Details Page 176 Visualisation Page 184 Conclusion Page 192 References Page 194

1 in 6

Australian university students will be diagnosed with a mental health disorder in their time at university (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012)

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As the human population in Melbourne city expands

all communities will experience

less exposure

to green space and become

increasingly

disconnected

from nature (City of Melbourne 2018)

This thesis project is located on the traditional lands of the Wurundjeri Peoples of the Kulin Nation. I pay my respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

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Thesis Statement

Humans have evolved to have an inherent connection with nature and our surroundings. What happens when we lose that connection in our built environment? Increasingly architects are designing more ecologically sustainable buildings but overlooking the need to design buildings that meet our emotional needs. We have been ignoring our own innate desire to be connected with nature and this is turn is effecting our mental health. Biophilia, recently introduced in architectural theory tries to meet some of these lost needs, but does it do it effectively?

Browning’s 14 principles of biophilia may be too generalised in the specific design considerations for this thesis to effectively implement into the architectural typology of the campus hub. This thesis seeks to re imagine the biophilic principles to target the fundamental emotional and physiological needs. In turn providing a better framework for architects to implement the biophilic principles into their designs.

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Question

How could our environments change if we designed for our evolutionary needs; does a reinterpretation of Browning’s biophilic principles provide an improved architectural solution that caters for our emotional wellbeing?

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proposal

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Proposal ‘We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings

was admired by many civilisations across the globe

shape us’ (Winston Churchill 1943) There is the notion

from the Ancient Greeks to the Indigenous Australians.

that humans have evolved to be psychologically

The admiration of nature was often expressed through

adapted to respond to the key landscape features of the

religion. The Ancient Romans believed that the god’s

African Savannah. (Heerwagen 2001) There has been

created nature and therefore their reverence for nature

a long history of humans implementing biomimicry

was also a reverence for the creators of all things.

techniques in the built environment. From the Neolithic

(Miller 2013) This was expressed architecturally through

age to Classical Antiquity there are many examples

temples and public architecture throughout Ancient

of how our ancestors incorporated nature-based

Rome.

techniques into architecture. The golden ratio was often used intentionally or non-intentionally to inform the

At the time of the industrial revolution primarily

architecture of the past and provide the framework that

western countries and the intellectuals of the

expressed the ancient’s connection to nature. Nature

European enlightenment movement constructed a new

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mythology of technology. This mythology replaced the learned indigenous architectural innovation that was shaped and evolved over 10,000’s of years. (Watson) Watson suggests that while “modern” societies were trying to conquer nature in the name of progress indigenous cultures were working with it. This shift in mythology resulted in a new architectural identity that ignored all previous wisdom and instead resulted in ‘alien’ environments that were not instinctual. These ‘alien’ environments have had mixed effects on the functioning of humans.

There are examples in modern architecture that provide Melbourne Housing Commission Blocks

environments that are the antitheses of nature such as 1980’s social housing projects and soviet brutalist

personal wellbeing in architecture. The need to look to

architecture. These environments are synonymous with

nature as our ancestors did will need to be considered

negative social functioning and poor mental health. The

by future designers to ensure that our environments are

role of environmental wellness has been overlooked in

healthy and provide us with the components essential

the pursuit of innovation. (Bond 2017) Until recently

for our wellbeing.

architects have not considered the importance of The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 15

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The mental health of Australians living in the cities of

that these buildings have on the users. (Abdelaal

Australia is slowly declining. There is evidence that

2018) Perhaps one of the reasons why Browning’s

the lack of exposure and connection with nature

principles haven’t been used more widely is because

can attributed to this. The 14 Principles of Biophilia

they are lengthy and complex to understand. A lot of

developed by Browning in 2012 outlined that buildings

the points discussed in his work are vague and open

should be designed to provide a framework to satisfy

to interpretation. (Abdelaal 2018) Browning initially

the experience of nature in the built environment.

constructed these principles in a way that made them

Biophilia also attempts to understand our primal needs

applicable to all building typologies. However this can

and interpret them as set of architectural principles.

prove quite unhelpful when applying them to a specific

Biophilia is often referred to as the ‘missing link in

typology such as education building. It also makes

sustainable design’. (Nejati 2012) The goal of biophilia

conducting quantifiable scientific studies looking at the

is to not only reduce the harm that is caused to the

psychological effects that these principles have on the

physical environment, but to make buildings more

users difficult to conduct as there are no constants.

habitable, enjoyable and healthy. (Kellart 2008) The theory of biophilia is a relativity new concept within

Most of the buildings that have been built using

the academic literature, subsequently there have

Browning principles have a healthcare function. Royal

been minimal buildings actualised that have been

Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia is one of

designed with these concepts in mind. Therefore, there

these buildings built with these principles in mind and

aren’t very many long-term studies on the effects

has been studied. These studies have outlined that

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there is a noticeable reduction in the pain, stress, and

more popular, there have not been many examples of

anxiety of the hospitals users by normalising tactile

these principles being applied to tertiary education

and engaging environmental experiences. (Abdelaal

buildings. (Abdelaal 2018) Abdelaal states that biophilia

2019) Biophilic theory proves to beneficial when

in education serves two purposes 1; to inform the

applied to healthcare settings. The stresses that are

design of today’s academic buildings to leverage the

experienced by users in an educational environment are

potential of creativity, productivity and self-esteem

like the ones experienced in healthcare setting. There

for knowledge seekers, and 2; to lower the negative

is an argument that there could be a tangible benefit

ecological impact and increase the operational

to designing in a biophilic way in the setting of the

efficiency of the university campus regarding energy,

campus hub. By designing is this way there could be an

resource consumption and waste accord. (Abdelaal

improvement to student wellbeing and mental health.

2018) Multidisciplinary studies have demonstrated

A biophilic environment could provide users with the

a link between exposure to nature and improved

opportunity to be more mindful and reconnect with

performance of academic, intellectual and cognitive

their natural settings. Improved social interaction could

tasks in the workplace and other educational spaces.

be a secondary affect that a biophilic building might

(Benfield, Rainbolt, Bell & Donovan; Han 2010; Shibata

have as people are calmer and happy, they will be more

& Suzuki 2004; Tennessen & Cimprich 1995)

likely to talk with their peers.

The methodology of this thesis is to do an analysis Although biophilic design is increasing becoming

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of Browning’s and other biophilic scholars’ work to

produce a set of revised principles that can be easily

as a template for other new developments in greater

applied to the campus hub typology. The revised

Melbourne.

principles will be clearer and more effective in producing a building that has holistic wellness focused spaces.

The building that will be used to demonstrate the revised principles is the new Fishermen’s Bend Melbourne University Campus Hub. The site is a historical industrial manufacturing and research centre.

There is minimal green space surrounding the site, and the buildings are designed in the typical early 1920’s industrial warehouse style. The development of the site will provide an opportunity to reengage with nature and revitalise the area. The site has been identified as a major growth area, prompting a large-scale investment from both State Government and private industry. As a result there is an opportunity to completely reshape the landscape and establish a unique identity that could act

literature review

History Matters: The Origins of Biophilic Design of Innovative Learning Spaces in Traditional Architecture Author: Mohammed Abdelaal & Veronica Soebarto Abdelaal argues in this article that there is a need for biophilic design in educational spaces. He also states that there have been many multidisciplinary studies that outline the benefits of biophilia to academic performance. The article outlines a few case studies of innovative biophilic education spaces.

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Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes Author: Jana Sรถderlund, & Peter Newman

14 Patterns of Biophilic Design: Improving Health and Wellbeing in the Built Environment Author: William Browning

The article explores the rationale of designing biophilically. Soderlund explores the economic and mental health benefits of designing with the 14 principles of biophilia. The conclusion is that there is a significant benefit to designing biophilically both from a wellness and ecological perspective.

This book outlines the 14 principles of biophilia that will be used in this thesis. The book goes details the rationale of designing with biophilia and the reasons behind the 14 principles of biophilia.

Biophilia and Salutogensis as a restorative design approaches in healthcare architecture Author: Mohammed Abdelaal & Veronica Soebarto This article explores the benefits to designing with biophilia in the healthcare context and uses three cases studies, namely the Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne to argue their point. They conclude that the built environment does play a role in the health and wellbeing of people, but also that there is minimal literature and studies on the subject.

Lo-TEK Design by Radial Indigenism Author: Julia Watson Watson explores the idea that indigenous wisdom has been lost in recent times.

She argues that the architectural and buildings techniques (inspired by nature) were much more well evolved, ecologically sensitive and culturally sensitive than modern architecture. She concluded that there is a lot to be gained by looking to our past to inform our future architecture.

Authenticity, Sincerity and Spontaneity: The Mutual Implication of Nature and Religion in China and the West Author: James Miller This article outlines the role that nature had in the religious symbology (architecture and ornament) for western and eastern cultures historically.

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Cognitive and Evolutionary Speculations for Biomorphic Architecture Author: Yannich Joye

Incorporating biophilia into green building rating tools for promoting health and wellbeing Author: Fei Xue

This article outlines the role that environments had on shaping our evolutionary needs as humans. Joye outlines different landscape elements such as trees and flowers give us cues and have shaped our modern desires.

The article also explores the role of biomorphic architecture has in helping to cater to our primitive desires.

This article explores the role of green rating tools such as the Green Star Rating System and the WELL Standard in creating buildings that are health and promote wellbeing. Xue points out that Green Building rating tools, while effective in lowering the ecological impact of buildings they do not take into consideration wellbeing in architecture.

Xue argues that biophilia ideals need to be incorporated into the green building tools for them to be holistically sustainable.

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OC21: Our Campus in the 21st Century Author: The University of Melbourne The report developed by the University of Melbourne outlines the goals and ideals of the university for the future.

The Hidden Ways that Architecture Affects how you Feel Author: Michael Bond This article outlines that way the buildings and cities are designed can affect our mood and wellbeing.

It outlines scientific breakthroughs in understanding exactly how architecture influences our brain from a neuroscience perspective. The article also discusses the unmet need of architects and psychologists are working together to start to better understand how our environment affects us.

Classrooms with Nature Views: Evidence of Differing Perceptions and Behaviors Author: Joshua Benfield

Biophilia as the Main Design Question in Architectural Design Studio Teaching Author: Kutlu Sevinc Kayihan

Benfield outlined in this article that natural environments have been shown to restore cognitive abilities and reduce physiological arousal. This journal outlines a study that was undertaken to get data on the benefits of having access to nature in a educational setting.

It was concluded that natural views offer advantages and suggest that the inclusion of natural elements in courses could facilitate positive perceptions and better grades.

This article outlines a study that was performed to see how architectural students would perform when they were given a biophilic brief. It corroborated some of the other journals that have been discussed in this literature review in regards to the benefits of biophilia in education settings. The student outcomes focused around using natural materials and light to achieve their desired result of a biophilic building.

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methodology

This thesis will be analysing the usefulness of the Browning’s 14 principles and how they are applied to architecture. The 14 principles that he has outlined in his works are:

1. Visual Connection with Nature

8.

Biomorphic Forms & Patterns

2. Non-visual Connection with Nature

9.

Material Connection with Nature

3. Non – Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli

10. Complexity and Order

4. Thermal & Airflow Variability

11. Prospect

5. Presence of Water

12. Refuge

6. Dynamic and Diffuse Light

13. Mystery

7. Connection with Natural Systems

14. Risk / Peril

The principles they are broken up into three categories 1; nature in space, 2; natural analogues, 3; nature of space. This thesis is focusing on 6 of the principles that directly relate to designing a campus hub at Fishermans Bend. Biophilic design must be intentional. Adding multiple biophilic design strategies just for the sake of diversity is unhelpful and could backfire on the architect and take away from the biophilic intent of the building. The rationale behind the selection was based on what value the specific principle would give to the resulting architecture. How would that principle better promote wellness than the

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alternatives? The principles that have been chosen were specifically done so to aid in the productivity and overall wellness of the student. Students generally do not have enough access to nature as their demanding schedules usually see them inside studying and working on assessment. The integration of specific biophilic techniques should help to improve their experience in the campus hub and subsequently their mental wellbeing. The most beneficial principles have been identified are:

prospect

visual connection with nature

biomorphic forms and patterns

material connection with nature

connection with natural systems

mystery

Out of all the principles that browning discusses in his book the six principles are the most ambiguous and need further revision for them to be successfully applied to the campus hub typology. The suggested architectural responses provided by Browning need clarity. Browning discusses in his book that none of the principles are truly soloed and act in chorus with the other principles. Therefore, there will inevitably be overlaps with the other principles not discussed in this thesis within the design of the campus hub.

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precedents

Leeds Maggie Centre Architect: Heatherwick Studio

The calming environment that has been created by Heatherwick studios is in stark contrast to cold alien environment of the Leeds hospital in the background.

This precedent is a good example of how bio mimicry and biophilia have been combined to create a welcoming environment for the users of the centre.

This could be especially relevant as Fishermens Bend also similar architectural characteristics as the Leeds hospital and there is an opportunity to show this contrast.

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Royal Children’s Hospital Architect: Bates Smart and Billard Leece Partnership

The design of RCH derived its forms, colors, patterns and spatial settings from the natural world to create an enriching and restorative environment for children, staff and the public.

The native bushland of Royal Park inspired many aspects of the hospitals design Interesting design tools were used to maximize the connection with nature such as courtyards, a sweep of colored leaves, expansive views of the parkland, a two storey coral reefs aquarium, large scale artworks and a miniature zoo.

The design strategies have noticeable reduced the pain, stress and anxiety of the hospitals users by normalizing tactile and engaging environmental experiences. (Abdelaal 2018)

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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Architect: Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects

The diabetes centre works around the idea that creating a connection to nature creates better outcomes for the patients. The centre focuses on the breaking down the barriers between the interior and exterior spaces. This centre works around the premise that catering for the individual is just as important as catering for the local ecology and both are required to create a successful building.

The functionally of the building is broken down in to ‘squares’ rather than rooms, giving the opportunity for the building to be open and for the users to access and have views to nature at all points in the building. The materiality is neutral and uses ‘natural’ materials therefore further implies the connection to nature. It also has a noticeable calming effect on the users. This is especially important in a potentially stressful healthcare environment.

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Nanyayng Technological Univeristy Learning Hub Architect: Heatherwick Studio This educational building combines functionality, biometry and biophilic principles while also signifying the heritage of the area through form.

This project is a great example of how all of the ideas of my thesis might start to be envisioned.

However that being said the building while being aesthetically impressive lacks warmness and is quite clinical in the way it is designed.

This could potentially prevent the students from forming community in the building and establishing relationships. This is something to consider going forward

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Teshima Art Museum Architect: SANAA

This precedent explores what a welcoming space could look like. The oculus and neutral palette frames nature and allows the user to question what their place in the world is. The architecture provides a space for reflection and implies openness.

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Apple Store: Macau Architect: Foster + Partners Foster + Partner has created this Apple store to embody the sounds, sights and colours of Macau. They focus on creating an environment that is simple and pure. They wanted to create two distinctive spaces that are imbued with authentic beauty from the innovative use of natural materials. The cladding of the building uses a composite of local stone and glass to create a semitransparent screen that is both inviting but also provides privacy. What is really interesting about this project is the use of the local bamboo throughout the building to create the connection to nature. They also use defused light throughout the building to create a calming and open space, potentially so that customers feel more at ease when buying a $3000 computer

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background

Savanna + Biophilic Theory

Scientists have theorised that in our initial evolutionally

The savanna hypnosis states that given humans

phases as modern humans (homo sapiens) occurred in

long history as a hunger, gathers and farmers, it is

the savannas of East Africa. This area has a very specific

inconceivable that the natural environment has not

landscape that aided our evolutionary development.

shaped our cognitive and emotional infrastructure.

Savanna theory details that many of these specific

Our tenancy to connect with nature in all likelihood

features such as the open plains, grasslands and bodies

enhanced the fitness or our ancestor which helped

of water still appeal to humans in the 21st century as

us survive to modern times. According to Wilson

they undoubtably enhanced the survival of our species.

our brains are attuned to extracting, processing and

Savanna theory is the basis for the biophilic principles.

evaluating information from the natural environment

Browning has used the savanna theory to justify some

(Wilson 1993).

of his main concepts. Savanna theory operates around

The three key environmental features of the African

the concept that humans are innately more comfortable

savanna; water, high ground, and trees were key to

in environments that simulate the African savanna.

our survival as a species are still give us subconscious prompts in the modern world. Water was considered

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a key resource not only for our survival, as a basic

danger. Further to that trees with high canopies, native

need, but it is also likely that it provided a perimeter

to the east African savanna were also beneficial as

of defence from predators and other animals. People

they did not block views (prospect), neither did they

and animals are also more likely to congregate around

allow enemies to hide behind them and ambush human

water as the land surrounding water was also more

groups. (Kahn 1997)

fertile and provided a better food resource, key to survival. Presence of water is one of Browning’s 14

The process in which biophilia is said to have evolved

principles of biophilia and there is a good basis that

is from bio-culture, in which hereditary learning

humans feel reduced stress around water and therefore

principle have elaborated upon culture while genes

a valid environmental component in modern built

have prescribed the biophilic propensities spread by

environments. Higher areas that overlooked grass areas

natural selection in a cultural context. (Wilson 1993)

would have afforded views of approaching threats and

Wilson states that ‘this process is referred to as a

approaching inclement weather. (Wilson 1984) This is

gene-culture coevolution where in a certain genotype

in keeping with browning’s principle of prospect within

makes a behavioural response more likely. In turn,

the built environment. Trees also had survival benefits

if this response enhances survival and reproductive

for early modern human. They could have used fallen

fitness, the genotype will spread through the

tree trunks to climb and escape potential sources of

population, and the behavioural response will grow

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more frequent.’ (Wilson 1984) The argument is that

patterns of behaviour to be forgotten or not acted upon

rewards and dangers present in the savanna favoured

within a few thousand years, when humans have been

individuals who learned easily and remembers various

evolving for over 40,000 and beyond. (Wilson 1984)

adaptive behaviours including approach and avoidance responses to natural stimuli and configurations (Ulrich 1993), Pre industrial revolution these tendencies were woven into culture and religion and where often expressed in symbolic architecture as time moved on.

In summary humans and the human brain evolved in a biocentric world, rather than a world dominated by industry and modernisation. Wilson theorises that it would be quite extraordinary for all of the learned

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Industrialisation and the Decimation of Native Environments In the past 300 years western civilisation has rapidly

world many people struggle to adapt to these changes.

changed and evolved. We are currently witnessing

Increasingly there are movements of humans to reject

human manufactured change at a pace that is

technology and strive to return to a simpler way of

unprecedented. Modern technology has allowed

life. Wilson has argued that the natural environment

humans to develop cities and regional areas as well as

is a central to human history as social behavior itself.

connect the world with the event of globalisation, often

There are concerns from social scientists that when

with this progress being prioritised over the natural

humans are removed from natural environments and

environment. These rapid changes have caused our

placed into the industrialised world that we suffer from

lifestyles to change in a way never imagined by our

psychological damage and potentially lose the defining

ancestors but has also created the assumption that we

part of our evolutionary experience.

as humans have unlimited capacity to adapt to new and changing environment’s.

With industrialisation there has been a loss of 10-20

While most people have naturally adapted to our new

percent of the earths species (Gullone). Baskin states

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Melbourne pre English colonialism

that ‘only 3 percent of global land surface is set aside in parks and protected areas. More than 95 percent is already under direct human influence. (Baskin 1997) While we gain resources and improve growth within this global economy with fast development. The question that needs to be asked is what the potential

Aerial Photo of Fishermans Bend circa 1950’s

negative side effects to the human wellbeing with the loss of our natural landscape are. This will be explored in the architecture solution offered by this thesis. The aim of the resulting architecture is to start to reverse the negative effects that a lack of nature has caused to the users of the building.

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Biophilia and Mental Health The mental health effects of biophilia continue to

previous history where we moved at a much slower

be studied. In 1984 Edward Wilson published the

pace. Studies have shown that this rapid change in our

‘biophilia hypothesis’. The hypothesis claims that as

environment caused by western industrialised culture

a consequence of evolution, humans have in innate

could be resulting in the beginnings of significant

tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes. (Wilson

adverse outcomes for the human psyche.

1984) Gullone, a biophilia research scholar states that ‘one area of support from our innate affiliation with

In the past 30 years there has been some thought

nature comes from research demonstrating increased

by humans on the role of nature within our larger

psychological wellbeing upon exposure to natural

environment. Government policy in most major

features and environments’. (Gullone 2000) Gullone

first world counties have seen the importance of

also argues in her article that no longer do we have

designating areas in cities for parks and nature

the same survival emotions in the same intensity that

reserves. This has been supported by the belief that

we previously experienced earlier in our existence due

exposure to nature fosters psychological wellbeing and

to the rapidly changing environmental progress. This

reduced the stress related to living in a modern city.

rapidly changing environment is in stark contrast to our

In addition, parks also provide places positive places

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for people to gather and exercise, further reducing the negative health impacts that modern lifestyles have on humans. (Ulrich 1993) While parks and nature reserves are positive steps forward, there is still little thought by designers to incorporate nature based approaches in the design of our homes, workplaces, and schools.

Within the last 15 years there have been many academic studies that have focused on investigating the correlation between human wellbeing and productivity and the role that nature plays in that.

Earlier studies have focused on measuring the impact of having visual access to nature on employee’s productivity, reducing the levels of harmful job stress and extending employment on longevity. (Kellart

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2005). More recent studies have focused on finding

repair, renewal and reintegration that contributes to

correlations between the workplace and natural

a whole person’s (physical mental, social and spiritual)

environments. These studies have concluded that

health and wellbeing. (Jones 2014)

experiences of natural environments provide greater emotional restorations, with lower instances of tension, anxiety, anger, fatigue, confusion and total mood disturbance than urban environments with limited characteristics of nature. (Alcock 2013, Barton & Pretty 2010, Hartig 2003, Hartig 1991) Certain built environments trigger our psychological responses. Different environments can affect our adaptability, alertness, attention, concentration, emotion and mood. Responsiveness to nature can impact our phycological restoration and stress management. The theoretical definition of a restorative environment is to create indoor and outdoor environments that facilities ‘the processes of recovery,

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Mental Health in Tertiary Education Poor mental health in higher education continues to

increased enrolment cancellation; negative learning

be a problem for students in the 21st century. Usher

and teaching experiences. A negative experience at

states that entry into higher education is typically

university could lead to future life problems such as

characterised by a new level of independence for

unemployment, lower income and standard of living.

young people characterised by rapid, interrelated

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012)

changes in body, mind and social relationships. (Usher 2020) Pullman suggests that university student’s

As the mental health of students in university continues

mental health status may be shaped both positively

to be a point of focus for universities it becomes more

and negatively by this transition period. Australian

important that the environments that students are

university students are five times more likely to

put in are positive and promote good mental health.

diagnosed with a mental health issues (Stallman 2010)

Biophilia and savanna theory could offer a solution

compared to their peers who are not in university.

within tertiary education buildings. The implementation

Studies have shown that students are less likely to

of a guidelines designed with these theories in mind

perform to a high standard when suffering from poor

may help improve the mental health of students

mental health. This can result in; lower educational

studying at the future Fishermans Bend campus.

advancement; increased enrolment achievement; The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 52

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site

Fishermans Bend

The site of Fishermans bend has a rich and significant

the area to have a mixed-use typology and have

history of industrial innovation and production. The site

high density. This is in stark contrast to the existing

was home to the Commonwealth Aircraft Company,

surrounding site typology.

Aeronautical Research Laboratory, General Motors Holden, and Boeing. Most of existing building on

As part of the new growth area the Victorian

the site and adjacent lot have been repurposed or

Government has proposed that there will be an

demolished to make way for the new educational and

inclusion of a new ‘high street’ which may provide

manufacturing research precinct. The site has been

other services such as retail and food that might not

identified by the Victorian Government as a major

be able to be offered in the educational precinct part

growth area for the greater Melbourne with two new

of the masterplan of Fishermans bend. There is also

adjacent suburbs with schools and parks attached to

a proposed tram line to be installed along the new

the education precinct. RMIT has proposed plans to the

road between the RMIT and Unimelb campuses. The

Victorian government to develop the adjacent site from

masterplan also dictates there be a transport hub

the University of Melbourne campus. This move will

along this tram line connecting the campuses to the

further entice tech and engineering innovative research

city grid. Long term the city loop will be extended

firms to set up shop in and around the Unimelb /

with an underground train station being linked to the

RMIT campus precinct. The planning overlays instructs

Fishermans Bend precinct.

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As detailed in the planning document provided by the University of Melbourne the university intends to locate the Melbourne School of Design and the Melbourne School of Engineering at the campus. The Grimshaw and partners masterplan report states that the fishermans bend campus is designed to be a hub of prototyping and have spaces where it is ok to explore and make a mess. They also intend for significant industry partners to be involved in the learning and for it to be a place of advanced testing and manufacturing related to the engineering and architecture disciplines.

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Site Context rr a Ya

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Stage 2

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Salmo

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Campus Hub Site Transport Hub

Stage 1

Proposed RMIT Site

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Fu e(

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Ca

N The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 60

en Av

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Sun Analysis

6am 12pm

6pm

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Wind Analysis

Summer Wind

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Winter Wind

Pedestrian Movement

Key site connections

High Pedestrian Movement Moderate Pedestrian Movement Low Pedestrian Movement

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Surrounding Vegetation

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Proposed site dimensions

40m2

75m2

The site dimensions were chosen based off the golden ratio.

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principles of biophilia

green space

views

mindfulness

surveillance

anticipation perceived danger = pleasure responses

multiple focal lengths

visual connection with nature

obscured views

mystery

biophilia

visual preference

prospect golden ratio

cycle of life

patterns

authentic

cosmetic or structural

savanna theory

connection with natural systems

biomorphic forms and patterns

local materials warm colours authentic

material connection with nature

P1 Prospect The prospect principle evolved from Wilson’s

vulnerability, as well as improved comfort. Browning

theory that humans respond to environments that

suggests that distance matters, while larger prospect

simulate the African Savanna. Humans needed to

points (<30m) are preferred there is merit in having

go to higher or open ground to be able to survey

shorter prospect distances (>6m).

the surrounding landscape for predators, food and other resources. Higher spaces in modern buildings in

Specifically, in relation to Fishermans bend campus

urban spaces provide the same primal responses that

there are two main vantage points one towards the

were experienced from our ancestors. However, this

Yarra and a second over the new parklands adjacent

being the case height needs to be well controlled as

to the campus hub. When students are studying

the African savanna was not mountainous and was

they prefer views to the outside, views help with

relatively flat. Some humans have fears of heights and

concentration and positively impacted attitudes and

this needs to be considered.

overall happiness (Barton & Pretty 2010). From an architectural perspective wide spanning views may not

Kellart argues that our view preferences have possibly

be helpful, but views to targeted areas of the campus

our aesthetic preferences have roots in our referential

might be helpful in framing the most positive aspects of

points that benefit our survival. Browning suggests that

the campus.

the health benefits of good prospect include reductions in stress, boredom, irritation, fatigue and perceived The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 68

Prospect Analysis

N The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 69

Browning’s Design Considerations • Orientating building, fenestration, corridors and workstations will help optimize visual access to indoor or outdoor vistas, activity hubs or destinations.

• Designing with or around an existing or planned savannah like ecosystems, body or water, and evidence of human activity or habitation will help then information-richness of the prospect view • Providing different focal lengths of either (6m) up to (30m) • Locating stairwells at building perimeter with glass façade and interior glass stairwells can form a duel prospect condition • If you have high ceilings have some elevated floors • Have a balance between prospect and refuge

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P1 Prospect Redefinition 1. Have one short distance prospect view 2. Have one long distance prospect view over whole site 3. Have prospect views in interior circulation of building to allow students to identify community groups 4. Use vertical circulation to create multiple points of prospect.

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P2 Visual Connection to Nature Browning states that a visual connection with nature

more beneficial than a simple grassed area. (Browning

is designed to be wholesome, stimulating or calming.

2014)

The science behind a visual connection with nature has shown that views to nature result in people having

Heerwagan conducted a visual preference research

improved emotional functioning, concentration, and

study and they concluded that there was a preferred

reduced fatigue. There has also been research that

view preference to looking down a slope to a scene

shows that a visual connection nature has reduced a

that included shade trees, flowering plants and non-

stress recovery affect, meaning that when participants

threating animals. (Heerwagan 1992) This could be

were exposed to views of nature, they had a reduced

replicated in a building that featured a series of terraces

heart rate, reduced attention fatigue as well as better

where one could stand at the top of the terrace and

emotional control with reduction in sadness, anger

view the surrounding landscape. Fuller suggests that

and aggression. (Browning 2014) This is important in a

the first five minutes in nature has the most significant

university environment where students and staff can

impact on mood and self-esteem. By placing areas of

often experience high levels of stress and pressure due

green space and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;meadowsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; throughout the building

to their coursework and job. Browning also suggests

this will give users the opportunity to walk through

that biodiversity (different plants) within landscaping is

nature on their way to the next room or area of the

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building. Replicating the idea of the first five minutes in nature and provide a moment of clarity in their day.

A visual connection to nature also leads to improved productivity. Research suggests that people work 1.6 times faster when viewing nature. The importance of havening views to nature at all points of the day is essential to the overall wellbeing of users and one of the main sub principles that will need to be achieved in the building.

The Levitated Mass at Los Angeles County Museum of Art

the campus hub is accessibility to nature at all points in

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Browning’s Design Considerations • Prioritising real nature over simulated nature • Prioritise biodiversity • Have exercise opportunities in close proximity to green space • Have visual connection that can be experienced 5-20 minutes per day • Have visual access to nature while seated

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P2 Visual Connection to Nature Redefinition 1. Have views to nature at all points in the building whether seated or standing.

2. Have internal gardens that promote intrigue and desire to emerge oneself in nature.

3. Have diversity of plant life that is native to area.

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P3 Biomorphic Forms + Patterns Browning states that a space with good biomorphic

Browning suggests the use of the Golden Angle (137.5)

forms and patterns should feel interesting and

degrees in design applications. The golden angle is

comfortable. Intuition would suggest that we have a

the angle in which successive florets in some flowers,

visual preference for organic and biomorphic forms,

while curves and angles of 120 degrees are frequently

however Browning suggests that there is limited

exhibited in other elements of nature. The golden ratio

scientific knowledge as to why that may be the case.

which is also tied to the Fibonacci sequence is the

One may conclude that the perhaps on the of the

numeric sequence in many living things such as plants

reasoning behind this preference is that biomorphic

exhibit. The sequence plays a large role in determining

forms subconsciously relay a connection with nature.

the spacing of plant leaves, branches and flower petals.

Browning states that while we know a faรงade with

It also works on rotations, such as the arrangement of

a biophilic pattern is not alive, we associate it with

seeds in sunflowers or the spiral of seashells.

the living because of its geometry. The objective of biomorphic forms and patterns is to provide

Biomorphic form can be used in a tectonic way, by

representational design elements within the built

using materials to create structure that reminds us of

environment that allow us to make connections with

the natural world and our connection with the greater

nature.

world.

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Browning’s Design Considerations • Two approaches 1; either as a cosmetic or decorative element of a larger design or 2; the structure itself • Apply on 2 or 3 planes or dimensions eg floor and wall for greater diversity and frequency of exposure • Avoid the overuse of forms and pattern that may lead to visual toxicity • More comprehensive interventions will be more cost effective when they are introduced early in the design process.

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P3 Biomorphic Forms + Patterns redefinition 1. Incorporate biomorphic form in the structure of the building

2. Have 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3 different patterns in the interior spaces in order for users to not become overwhelmed.

3. Implement the golden ratio in the proportions of the building

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P4 Material Connection with Nature Browning states that a space with a good material

exhibited decreases in diastolic blood pressure and

connection with nature feels rich, warm and authentic.

significant increases to pulse rate, which would imply

Materials that are natural are said to be mentally

that the subjects were stimulated. Browning also points

restorative and studies of the use of wood in healthcare

out that natural materials are more effective if they are

settings have provided secondary health benefits.

used in instances where they are unexpected.

There have also been limited studies that observed that the colour green (present in plants) has positive

In the context of the campus hub the surrounding

cognitive performance qualities. This could be as a

context is very industrial and does not feature green

result of the savanna hypothesis. The colour green

spaces, nor natural materials. By implementing these

signifies fertility and abundance and we are drawn

natural materials, ideally sourced locally there would be

to green landscapes because they have historically

a stark contrast in the resulting environment potentially

improved our survival. Wood is also known to have

providing secondary health benefits.

positive benefits when applied to architecture.

One particular study observed that a room with a moderate ratio of wood (45%) subjectively provided the test subjects with a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;comfortable feeling. They also The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 80

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Browning’s Design Considerations • Quantities of a natural materials and colour should be specified based on the intended function of the space. In the same vein, a degree of variability of materials and applications is recommended over high rations of any one material or colour.

• Real materials are preferred over synthetic variations because human receptors can tell the difference between real and synthetic, so minimally processed materials are preferable.

• Incorporating instances of the colour green many helps enhance creative environments.

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P4 Material Connection with Nature Redefinition 1. Use locally sourced natural materials in the form and interior finishes 2. Provide a natural colour palette in the interior fit out 3. Resist in putting synthetic materials in the building

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P5 Connection with Natural Systems The principle of connection with natural systems is

The Fishermenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Bend site located in Melbourne VIC

derived from the theory that by allowing people to

experiences four distinctive seasons due to its latitude.

experience nature in a way that evokes our primitive

The seasonal differences are distinguished with the

psychological responses that we will be more self-

dry hot summers with regional fires; autumn with its

aware and have improved comfort in buildings.

cooling weather, lively colouring and falling leaves;

Browning states that a space with a good connection

cold harsh winters which feature many overcast days

with natural systems will evokes oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationship to

and rain; and spring with the blooming of trees and

a greater whole, making one aware of the seasonality

warming of weather. Melbournians look forward to

and the cycles of life. Studies have shown that

the changing of the seasons, but the lack of vegetation

people perceive buildings or environments that have

and dense urban environment with the exception of

connection with natural systems to have improved

designated gardens often prevent them from truly

creative performance, decreased blood pressure and

engaging with nature in the way they might have 400

improved comfort. (Browning 2012)

years ago.

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Browning’s Design Considerations • As simple as identifying semantic content in a view to nature e.g. deciduous trees in the backyard or blossoming orchids on the windowsill • More complex solutions could be highlighting the rainwater that is being collected and the amount of water that is being used by the occupants this could trigger a deeper awareness of the ecosystem • Using materials that change for or expand function with exposure to solar heat gain, wind, rain or shading • Designing for interactive opportunities eg community garden, integrative educational curriculum, seasonal cooking etc.

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P5 Connection with Natural Systems Redefinition 1. Use local seasonal plants to signal to seasonal changes to users 2. Have specific framed views to the outside 3. Have interactive garden opportunities for learning purposes 4. Have interactive EBS design within the facility people to be more aware of ecology

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P6 Mystery The mystery biophilic pattern is derived from the

a greater likelihood of encountering other biophilic

idea that humans have two basic needs from the

conditions.

environment: to understand and to explore. (Kaplan 1989) Browning states that a space with good mystery

Mystery conditions should not trigger a fear response

has a palpable sense of anticipation, offering the

and it is different to surprise. The conditions should

senses a kind of denial and reward that compels one

be not overly unexpected but should provide stimulus.

to investigate further. (Browning 2012) Humans have

Obscured views throughout the building with medium

a visual preference for spaces that are incomplete

to high depth of fields are proven to provide ideal

and prompt them to move to the next space which

conditions to trigger the human pleasure response.

is unknown. The idea of whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s around the corner is an intriguing concept. Humans are naturally curious

When considering a campus hub students are often

and buildings that do not stimulate that curiosity

focused on getting from point a to point b. They can

generally bore people and lead to a disinterest in the

often get into a monotonous routine of going from

environment itself. Browning suggest that the benefits

their class to the cafĂŠ and then to their regular study

of the mystery conditions are suggested to include

spaces. The idea is to provide diversity in their spaces

improved preference for a space; heightened curiosity;

in order to keep them guessing and provide interesting

increased interests in gaining more information and

spaces.

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Browning’s Design Considerations • Curving edges that slowly reveal are more effective than sharp corners in drawing people through a space.

• Dramatic shad and shadows can enhance the mystery experience • Strategies that provide dark shadows or shallow depth of field could instill surprise or fear.

• The speed at which users are transitioning through a space will influence both size of the aperture and the size of the subject; faster typically means bigger.

• Organically evolved mystery conditions (e.g. gardens with winding paths) are expectantly going to change characteristics over time

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P6 Mystery Redefinition 1. Using corridors throughout the building to guide people though the

functionality of the building but yet not make it obvious that they are

being led to the next room 2. Provide multiple height and depth conditions within the interior architecture.

3. Have small breakout spaces throughout the building to provide exploration but also retreats thought the spaces.

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design concept

drawing inspiration from a fertile valley

BUILDINGS THAT ARE ALIVE The concept of the campus hub is to change and evolve like a living organism. This will be in line with the seasons and weather conditions. The idea of the campus hub is for it to meet the diverse needs of students and provide a high stimulus enriching environment in which to study and connect.

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Site Response

Two activated facades

Connection with Stage 1 + 2

Connection with Transport

Two activated facades to correspond to the

Use the campus hub as a bridge to connect

have the site be in direct connection with the

traffic through the site.

stage 1 + 2

proposed transport hub

N

Orient the building so that it provides diversity of light spaces

Provide protection from the wind

Have the building form orientated and

orient the building so that it provides users

sculpted to take advantage of the sun path.

protection from the wind and does not cause a wind tunnel

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biomorphic forms and patterns

flat plain

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The biomorphic form of the campus hub was inspired by the valleys of the East African Savanna. Wilsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s savanna theory suggests that valley was is most optimum landscape environment for evolutionary development. The valley contains multiple prospect points, a water source, protected areas from the harsh elements and is ecologically diverse. The form developed from the starting point of the flat plain. It was then manipulated to better emulate the shape of the valley with its high sides and low bottom. Finally the form was further manipulated to accentuate walls of the valley to provide two prospect point depths and aesthetic interest.

valley

extrude form

Massing

Program

Articulating Spaces

Evolving Spaces

Green Spaces

The required functions for a campus hub are fitted into a 7 storey volume. By breaking up the form into individual blocks there will be better opportunities for engagement and application of the 6 principles.

The campus hub will be undulated to form the shape of the east african valley and to provide prospect

A biomorphic shape has been formed by using parametric design to imply the evolving of nature

Green spaces will feature heavily indoors and outdoors to aid in the reconnection with nature. It will also serve the duel purpose of study and alternative learning spaces

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Response to Principles The campus hub form has been designed to reflect the various aspects of the redefined principles outlined in the background section. In particular the hub responds to the prospect principle in the shape of the massing. In addition to prospect the campus hub features a series of outdoor terraces that are intended to be used as not only outdoor space but as vertical circulation.

some benefits in the current COVID-19 climate.

Research suggests that less virus is transmitted in a well-ventilated space such as an outdoor market compared to an enclosed space such as a shopping centre. When universities look to the future where global pandemics may be more of an issue it is important to respond for the architecture of future campus buildings to these potential threats.

The idea of the hub is for the glazing of the walls facing the centre of the valley to be able to be opened up and for the users to be able to use both interior and exterior space as if there was no distinction between the two. This design move responds to the 5th principle, connection with natural systems. By allowing for the building to open up people are forced to be â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;outsideâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; while experiencing a level of elemental protection. The ability to be in a well-ventilated space also has

Mystery has also been considered in the design of the form. The proposed entrances have been placed in the centre of the valley in an unexpected place.

There is a journey that one must undertake to find the entrances and it forces the users to walk around the building with the valley initially obscured, therefore when they finally do see the valley it is even more welcoming.

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prospect

N

The redefinition of Browningâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principles determined that there needed to be two main prospect points in the exterior of the building, one short and one long. The long prospect in the high point of the hub allows the user to view the park as well as the transportation hub. The short prospect looking into the interior of the valley allows the user to connect with other users of the building and provided visual interest.

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Source: Grimshaw Fishermans Bend Masterplan

connection with natural systems

Connection with natural systems will be achieved in the design of the campus hub by using the terraces to host a myriad of local native plants. The landscaping will need to be designed to further promote the use of the outdoor space for the users and allow them to also have a tactile connection with nature. The plants that will be used may also have a deciduous element or have a visual change throughout the seasons in order to visually cue the users to the passing if time.

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mystery

N

By creating a shear faรงade at the southern side of the building providing a visual obstruction for users approaching the campus hub the building will promote curiosity. As users walk around the campus hub approaching the two entry points they will slowly start to the view the large valley structure that the terraces provide. Creating intrigue.

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visual connection to nature

The visual connection to nature has been achieved by placing green space in the valley, also green space will be placed in the interior of the building in a series of courtyards.

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programming

Programming Overview The campus hub interior programming and layout is shaped by the type of learning that the users of the hub might do in a particular space. There are 7 types of learning that you can do in an education building. While the campus hub is not strictly an educational building is in important to acknowledge that it as the name suggests the building is the hub of the campus and therefore the hub of learning within the campus. Therefore it is important to acknowledge that hub will function as a place of study and learning and users may do this in places that where not initially designated as study spaces, such as cafĂŠs and outdoor space. As discussed in the concept design section the hub is designed to open up and breathe like a natural organism and the programming has been planned to reflect this.

Further to this the programming takes into consideration how users will use the space and move throughout the building. The types of functionality that have been grouped together in the various levels have been done so as to promote interaction and community development.

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Return Brief

Social Programming

Amenities

Learning

• Outdoor Study Space

• Bike Parking / Storage

• 3 x Classrooms

• Indoor Study Space

• Bike Repair Facilities

• Seminar Space

• Foyer / Reception

• Gender Neutral Bathrooms

• VR Room

• Exhibition Space

• Consultation Space

• Materials Library

• LGBT+ Room

• Security

• Architecture and

• Prayer Rooms

• Plant Room

• Retreat Areas

• Storage

• Lecture Theatre

• Student Lounge

• Bookstore / Retail Space

• 2 x Computer Lab

Engineering Library

• Café • Market • Bar The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 107

Zoning

The programming has been broken up into combination of mixed-use education spaces and strictly educational spaces.

By placing the educational spaces as the heart of the building and placing all other space typologies around the education space there is further emphasis the importance of education at the heart of the campus hub.

0

1

3

5

10M

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User Connection

0

1

3

5

10M

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Learning Typologies collaboration:

demonstration:

learn with others

present my learning

discussion: talk about and share ideas

feedback + reflection:

learn about learning

guided: learn with an expert

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Experimentation: make, explore and investigate

Independent learn by myself

Learning Typology Definition The seven learning typologies that have been outlined are based on research developed by the researchers at the University of Sydney and highlight the different ways that people learn.

Initially these typologies were developed for use in a primary educational setting however they do translate to a tertiary education setting. The awareness of the different possible learning typologies and how learning might occur in different spaces should guide the decision-making process of designing the individual spaces to respond to these needs. Areas within the campus hub will be shaped by using space, technology and furniture to promote unique and innovative ways of learning.

The learning typologies will be implemented in the zoning and floor plans of the campus hub in an attempt to designate where the different types of learning may occur throughout the building.

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Programming

BASEMENT

L1 0 1

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3

5

10M

N

L2

L3 0 1

3

5

10M

N

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L4

L5 0 1

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3

5

10M

N

L6 0 1

3

5

10M

N

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sketch design The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 117

Sketch Design The sketch design follows the rough planning of the programming. The basement will feature spaces that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need as much light such as a lecture theatre, VR space and plant room. The first level is the main engagement level. The exhibition space front and centre in order to captivate interest as people approach the building. The first level also contains spaces such as a cafĂŠ and student consultation space.

The second level is the base of the valley with a set of amphitheatre stairs leading up to it. There may be a possibility in further stages of creating landscaping around those stairs to facilitate events and large gatherings such as lectures. The second level features a combination of group study spaces, food and retail as well as a large outdoor gathering space to have union events and large gatherings.

The third level is the main education level. The classrooms and seminar space have been laid out to take advantage of the terrace. The idea of the building is for the large sliding walls to be opened

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up, weather dependent and for the terrace space to be incorporated into the main teaching space as if there was no distinction between inside and outside.

This could provide some interesting teaching and learning opportunities. Interior furnishings will be used to define space and provide visual cues for the proscribed learning typologies. The fourth level hosts the material library and the maker lounge. The benefit of having the maker lounge at the top of one south edge of the valley is that it will provide views of the proposed park adjacent to the campus hub. The fifth level will have the MSD and MSE combined student lounge, the benefit of combining both programs is that it will promote interdisciplinary interaction and ideas generations. Level 7 has a combined club space, which will host multiple student union clubs that are relevant to the Fishermans Bend campus. As the valley as it goes up it reduces the space on each level, therefore in order for the level 7 space not to feel small that space will be double height.

Site Plan

0

10

30

50

N

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Floor Plans

BASEMENT

L1 0 1

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3

5

10M

N

L2

L3

0 1

3

5

10M

N

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L4

L5 0 1

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3

5

10M

N

L6

L7

0 1

3

5

10M

N

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Section

0

1

3

5

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10M

Elevations

WEST ELEVATION 0 1

3

5

NORTH ELEVATION

10M

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Structure + Form

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This series of images shows how the structure of the building is layered. The final image displays how shading systems might be used on the building with active vegetation being used on top of the canopy as well as fixed shading used on the western facade

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The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 129

final design

Final Design Development Throughout this project there has been the underlying idea of biophilia. The concept of the building is to create a building that has a focus on wellness. By implementing biophilia into the form of the building as well as the interior design this the goal of providing a nature filled environment will be achieved. The aim of the final design development was to better incorporate the principles into the finalised building. This was achieved by more intensely implementing the principles into the programming, interior and exterior form and furniture placement within the campus hub.

The final design development stage saw the expansion of the original site boundaries from 30 x 50m to 40 x 75 metres. The original site did not leave enough room to fully image the concept of the valley, with its large terraces that could be fully integrated into the main programming of the floors. The additional space saw The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 132

the terraces go from 3m in width to 6.5 - 7m in width.

This additional space allowed for the more orderly arrangement of therapeutic gardens. These therapeutic gardens on the terraces respond the first principle, visual connection with nature and the fifth principle, connection with natural systems. As discussed in the background section therapeutic gardens allow users to experience calm and practice mindlessness in their day. This helps to reduce stress levels and achieve an emotional balance, helping their overall wellness. The terraces can also double as study spaces, weather permitting with the flexible furniture arrangement being able to be migrated out to the terraces to allow this activity to happen. The expansion of the terraces negated the need for the canopy system to be implemented into the final design. The additional shading system which will be discussed in the ESD section provided enough shading to the terraces that

building no longer needed the additional shading system to prevent a heat island effect.

One of the main concepts of the building was to have no distinction between inside and outside spaces. As stated above the in the concept design section the campus hub has the ability to open up with a series of glass sliding walls that allows for natural air to flow throughout the building. One of the benefits of doing this is that fresh air has many benefits for people who are learning as by opening up the building this is preventing stale and stagnate air from occurring in pockets in the building. The opening up of the glass walls also allows the users to better incorporate the exterior space into the programming of the interior spaces.

The programming was slightly amended by placing the student consultation space that will be used as an official university advisory space on the ground floor as it will need to be easily and quickly accessible. Students looking to get their ID cards and access advice on subject selection need to be able to do so in the most efficient way possible. It can be interpreted as a drop in and go space. On the ground floor the meadows were also implemented. The meadows is a space in which grass ‘meadows’ are placed in 4 strategic places on the ground floor to give the users the opportunity to engage with nature at the first moment they enter into the building. The first principle, visual connection to nature details that people get the most benefits from engaging in nature when they walk through a nature filled meadow for 2 – 5 minutes. There has been an attempt to replicate this on the ground floor to achieve these wellness benefits. There are other ‘meadows’ The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 133

located in various other levels thought the building that are designed to work in conjunction with the terrace therapeutic gardens.

One of the other large changes to the programming was the removal of the basement level. After further consideration of soil type (Coode island silt) and the high-water tables, it was best that the programming in the basement be moved to higher levels. The main programming that was moved was the lecture theatre and the VR space. The lecture theatre was moved to the ground level with views out to the parklands. This not only allows for large events to be looked upon with curiosity from people walking past, improving engagement, but it also gives people a light and bright space in which to watch events with prospect to the outside. The VR space

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with moved to the innovation space as outlined in the zoning. By placing that function in a zoning block where there is complementary programming it promotes innovation from the staff and students using the building. It also serves the purpose of being in close proximity to the materials library where students will be working on their architecture and engineering projects. Hypothetically a student could be modeling their building downstairs in the materials library then can move upstairs to the VR space to visualise their project in an immersive way.

Site Plan

N The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 135

Approach from Transport Hub The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 136

Approach from Stage 1 Courtyard The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 137

campus hub identity an oasis in the industrial jungle of Fishermans Bend a sanctuary of green a place where students and teaching staff feel excited to go to everyday

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The identity of the campus hub has been at the forefront during the design and research process during this thesis project. The identity of the campus hub is integral to the overall style or formation of

wellness is important to consider and our environment in which we study and learn has a big impact on this. In addition to the wellness overlay the proposed campus hub has a huge focus on nature and incorporating

the surrounding buildings in the Fishermans Bend University of Melbourne Campus. As this is the first building that is being realised for the campus it would seem fitting that the other designers and architects of future buildings would look to the style and principles that shaped the campus hub and embrace them. Therefore, it was important the campus hub set the standard not only for the architecture of the surrounding campus but also for the ideals that the university is looking to project. As stated in the background section mental health and wellness of students and staff in the university setting is a major problem that universities increasing have to overcome.

The proposed campus hub is making a statement that

nature in all areas of the building. There was a secondary purpose of using nature throughout the building. The use of nature aims to reduce the urban footprint of the building by replacing the greenspace that would have been present on site originally. This green space was moved it to the terraces so that there would be the same amount of square area of nature present as there would have been if the site was untouched. In summary, the proposed campus hub is designed to provide an identity to the Fishermans Bend Campus as a place of health and wellness, nature and productivity.

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floor plans

Breakout Room

Breakout Room

Gender Neutral Bathroom

Cafe

The Meadows

Commercial Kitchen

MSD + MSE Combined Exhibition Space

Exhibition Storage

Reception

Student Consultation Space

Entry Security

Bike Storage

Lecture Theatre Lounge

Ground Floor Plan

N

0 1

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3

5

10M

Gender Neutral Bathroom

void

Bookshop

Library

void

Breakout Room

Breakout Room

Food Stall

Market

Food Stall

void

First Floor Plan

Bar

N

0 1

3

5

10M

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Breakout Room

Gender Neutral Bathroom

Classroom Study Space

Breakout Room

Breakout Room

Classroom Extension

Classroom

Breakout Room

Office Breakout Room

Breakout Room Office

Staff Room Seminar Room

Second Floor Plan

N

0 1

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3

5

10M

Computer Lab

Computer Lab

Gender Neutral Bathroom

Materials Library

Third Floor Plan

Maker Space N

0 1

3

5

10M

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VR Space

void

Student Lounge

Fourth Floor Plan

N

0 1

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3

5

10M

Toliet

Kitchen Club Office

Toliet

Club Office

Club Office

Fifth Floor Plan

Club Office

Club Office

Club Space

N

0 1

3

5

10M

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Club Office

void

Prayer Room

Club Space Toliet

Sixth Floor Plan

N

0 1

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3

5

10M

Plant Room

Tool Area

Roof Plan

N

0 1

3

5

10M

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circulation + application of principles

Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles

Natural Materials

The Meadows

Hidden Entry

Views to Parklands

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles

Curved Tree Columns with Green Wall

Prospect Down to Ground Floor

Operable Glazing

Natural Materials

Hidden Breakout Rooms

Planter Areas

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles

Planter Areas + Green Walls

Hidden Study Spaces

Natural Materials

Curved Tree Columns Operable Glazing Views to Parklands

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles Natural Materials

Prospect to Parklands and over the Materials Library

Operable Glazing

Hidden Study Spaces Curved Tree Columns

Planter Areas

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles Curved Tree Columns Hidden VR Space

Natural Materials

Operable Glazing

Prospect Down to Materials Library Planter Areas + Rooftop Garden

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles Natural Materials

Hidden Club Spaces

Planter Areas Operable Glazing

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles Natural Materials Prospect over club space

Planter Areas + Rooftop Garden Operable Glazing

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Circulation Diagram

Plan Circulation Vertical Circulation

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Response to Principles

Community Garden

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sections + elevations

Club Space

VR Space Materials Library

Maker Space

Classroom

Library Breakout Room

0 1

3

The Meadows

5

Seminar Space

Classroom Breakout Room

Exhibition Space

Market

Lecture Theatre

10M

Section 1_1 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 170

Zoning

SOCIAL SPACE

INNOVATION SPACE LEARNING SPACE

ENGAGEMENT SPACE

The building programming was categorised into four zones, engagement space, learning space, innovation space, and social space. The building is zoned to allow the general public to access the first two levels 7 days a week with the top 5 levels being able to be closed up when not being used on the weekend. This was also achieved by having the vertical circulation on the exterior of the building connection level 1 to level 2 (non general public space) The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 171

South Elevation

0 1

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3

5

10M

West Elevation

0 1

3

5

10M

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details

Materiality As discussed in the fourth principle material connection with nature materiality was important to consider with making design decisions for the campus hub. The fourth principle discussed how materiality can influence the atmosphere of the space. Nature based materials are a vital part of a biophilic design. Wood was discussed in great detail in Browningâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 14 Principles of Biophilia.

Studies have shown that wood brings down people heart rate down and promotes pleasure feelings. The rationale behind this could be linked to the savannah theory with timber being associated with trees which are linked to the protection and refuge that our ancestors seeked.

Wood also texturally is soft and warm to the touch, unlike metal and concrete. The colour palate that has been chosen is light and muted in order to promote bright and airy spaces. The light colour plate also allows the plant life in the building to shine and draw attention to the eye. Nature and plants are the star of

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this building and the materiality and form are designed to complement them. Australian sandstone was also used throughout the building in some floors and walls to add contrast to the amount of wood. Also, it is designed to mimic the caves we once inhabited. Recycled dark hardwood timber will be used in the amphitheatre stairs leading up to the valley. This timber can be used in ornamental purposes only because it is very challenging to re certify the structural loading of recycled timber.

This timber was used to add accents in the ceiling to further carve the shape of the interior.

LOCALLY SOURCED PLYWOOD

RECYCLED STRUCTURAL TIMBER FROM SITE

SANDSTONE

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ESD Systems Interior

Exterior

Operable Walls Exterior

Balcony

Green Roof Water Collection System

Interior

Operable Shading System

Geothermal Heating Rainwater Collection and Grey Water System

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The ESD systems were an integral part of the design and functionality of the campus hub. There are two distinctive shadings systems that have been used on the campus hub, an operable shading system on the west faรงade and a fixed timber baton shading system on the east. There is a need for a operatable shading system on the west faรงade due to the high heat loading from the sun coming in from the west in the afternoon. Operable shading systems have benefits not only from a non-rhythmic sensory stimuli perspective but also, they can provide the optimum amount of light to enter into the building without compromising the cooling benefits that a shading system provides. As the sun is not as powerful on the eastern faรงade there was less of a need have an intensive shading system. The shading system also doubles as a safety railing system on the faรงade.

Water collection and water management was also a key consideration throughout the building. As there is a lot of plant life throughout the design there is a need to water and maintain these plants. The terraces have been designed to collect water though throughs under the wooden decking and funnel water into a main rainwater tank under the foundations of the building.

Cross ventilation and airflow have been addressed by implementing operable glass walls throughout the building that will automatically open in the morning in operational hours, weather permitting. These walls serve a dual purpose of breaking down the interior and exterior barriers. When the weather is cold as it is for part of the year in Melbourne a geothermal heating and cooling system has been implemented in the building to take advantage of the stable ground heat reducing the relance of artificial HVAC systems.

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Shading + Terrace Detail

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

This detail highlights the integration of the shading system on the facade of the building. the facade system is has two distinct layers the shading system and the curtain wall glazing system, which is operable. This allows for airflow to travel though the building providing cross ventilation The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 180

Operable Wall Detail

Closed

Open

This detail show the opening and closing of the operable wall system. This system is initiated automatically weather depending.

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visualisation

Saturday Market - Level 1 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 184

Base of Valley - Level 1 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 185

Ground Floor Entry The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 186

Materials Library - Level 3 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 187

Club Space - Level 5 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 188

The Valley - Level 4 The Identity of Us _ Architectural Thesis 2020 _ Page 189

Conclusion

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‘We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us’ (Winston Churchill). This thesis asked how could our environments change if we designed for our evolutionary needs; does a reinterpretation of Browning’s biophilic principles provide an improved architectural solution that caters for our emotional wellbeing? This thesis redefined 6 of Williams Browning’s biophilic principles. The resulting architecture of the University of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Campus Hub implemented the revised principles proposed by the thesis. The aim of the resulting architecture is to create an architectural solution that provides an environment that is focused on user wellbeing. As discussed throughout this thesis the benefits of using human centric nature based architectural design solutions are profound. The campus hub will be integral in shaping the experience of students throughout their study journey. We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us. Architecture can shape our wellbeing and help to improve the statistic of 1 in 6 Australian university students experience a form of mental distress during their time at university. The identity of us is about creating buildings that respond to our needs as humans and work towards improving our experiences.

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Gullone, E. (2000). The Biophilia Hypothesis and Life in the 21st Century: Increasing Mental Health or Increasing Pathology?

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Han, K.-T. (2010). An exploration of relationships among the responses to natural scenes: scenic beauty, preference, and restoration. Environment and Behavior, 2, 243.

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Heerwagen, J. H. and Hase, B. (2001). Building biophilia: connecting people to nature in building design. Environmental Design + Construction, Mar/Apr, 30-36.

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Method & Theory in the Study of Reli-gion, 25(3), 283. https://doi. org/10.1163/15700682-12341259 13. Nejati, A. (2012). Spirituality, Health, and Architecture: With Respect

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Biophilia as the Main Design Question in Architectural Design Studio Teaching. Megaron, 13(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5505/ MEGARON.2017.59265 16. Söderlund J, & Peter Newman. (2015). Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes. AIMS Environmental Science, 2(4), 950–969. https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.4.950 17. Usher, W. (2020). Living in Quiet Desperation: The Mental Health Epidemic in Australia’s Higher Education. Health Education Journal, 79(2), 138–151.

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