NVL Research & Development

NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE

Issue 1: Form follows function an exploration of Modernism and Post Modernism Date: 11/05/2015

BRIEF Brief: You are to submit design proposals for a new graphic design publication entitled, New Visual Language. The first issue will focus on Form follows function an exploration of Modernism and Post Modernism.

Part 1 Research into Modernism and Post Modernism generating a body of work that explores the origins and philosophy of the movements related to your area of practice. Your visual work should be an expression of the movement and not a pastiche. You should aim to convey the essential nature of the movement. You will need to understand the social, industrial and political concerns which influence both movements.

Part 2 You are to submit designs for a broad sheet, which should be based on your personal and original visual research from the year. To include edited versions of the following: City in Flux Earth Artifact Type transcription New Visual Language You should produce: Masthead Cover design Contents page Inner page/s

PROJECT PLAN WEEK

1

- Read brief, - Make a project plan - Research into modernism and postmodernism, including artist eras and the movements in time.

WEEK

4

- Start to research magazine layouts - Start to mock up and thumbnails and start initial ideas - Refer back to research when it comes to design of layouts

WEEK

2

- Continue to research into modernism and postmodernism using artists as influence and reference - Start to create thumbnails of mastheads, - Research existing mastheads - Starts creating initial ideas for masthead and develop

WEEK

5

- Develop all pages of magazine, using many variations of typeface, colours and positioning.

- Evidence in research document

WEEK

3

- Finalize an idea for masthead and analyze - Starts to research magazine covers - Start to create thumbnails and draft ideas - Start initial ideas on computer and develop into a final cover using finished masthead

WEEK

6

- Check and finalize all magazine and research document analyze all work and complete.

MODERNISM Graphic design has been around since writing has, there has always been an arrangement of text and image, however the term graphic design was not distinguished until 1922.

Graphic design is a product of modernism. Modernism is the period before the 1900’s; there is a noticeable difference in art and design before the year 1900 and after 1900.

Modernism is the way the world used to be. It’s used to describe a style as well as an ideology to the art produced at that time,

Modernism

Modernism was all about form follows function; the art was about a purpose for a particular function.

The form and design came after this. Modernism was about sticking to the expectations and principles, type was linear and the art was all made using grids, There were some exceptions where artists started to experiment however the art was still about function, and still stuck to the grid system principles.

The modernism era started after the war period, it was created at a time where the people needed hope.

Therefore the experimenting with different style and methods came along. Architects made buildings with steel and glass. Artists started to look at the world in a different light modernists believed that less was more and simplistic design was the best for a function.

MOVEMENTS OF MODERNISM The movements of modernism through time had a huge effect on art and design. The eras did not switch from modernism to postmodernism quickly; there were many movements between this during the modernist period that impacted the final result of postmodernism.

Victorian: 1830 > 1900 Art Nouveau: 1860 > 1910 Cubism: 1908 > 1912 Constructivism: 1913 > 1934 De Stijl: 1915 > 1936 Bauhaus: 1918 > 1933 New Typography: 1928 > 1932 Art deco: 1925 > 1945 Late modernism: 1955 > 1990 Post modernism: 1972 > 1995

Modernism

ART NOUVEAU ALPHONSE MUCHA

Art nouveau started graphic design. It’s a movement and a philosophy in the visual arts popular from the early 1890’s to WW1, a short lived movement.

Its influence can be found in painting, sculpture, metalwork and glass. Originating in Belgian and France, with nature as a huge influence, a lot of the pieces of art Nouveau included the simple flora motives but also animals and insects. The curved line is important because line was a lot more angular when it was arts and crafts, It was a graphic design style rather than decretive like architecture. Because of this there were typography included into it.

Some things that were constant occurrences in this style are symmetrical backgrounds using foreground as well as background, there was a whipped effect in the typeface that they were using, and there were usually women used in the pieces portrayed as mythical and eroticized. The modernism style was here in the way of the symmetry and the linear style typography.

Alphonse Maria Mucha was a Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist, most well known for his images of women. He produced many paintings, illustrations, advertisements and designs. His paintings followed the art Nouveau format. They represented the woman in an intimate feminine and nature surrounded way. Personally I’m not a fan of the art nouveau style, however this could be because of the generation I am from. I do however like that the style incorporates text and image to create the art of graphic design that have grown. I think the art these people did looks very intricate and this was due to the delicacy they wanted to portray their subjects as.

Artist Research: Modernism

CUBISM VLADIMIR BOBRI

Although cubism is not seen as a graphic design method, it is used in many examples of graphic desing that people would not recognise. The development of cubism and abstraction changed the design world dramatically, in contrast the art nouveau period. Cubism is the idea that an objects viewpoint can be seen all at ones on one image. The idea behind this promotes abstraction and makes the subjects look unlike themselves in a creative and innotive way.

This from the Victorian art that was realistic, then to the art nouveau period is a big leap. Although Art nouveau changed the traditions slightly by incorporating text and image together creating graphic design, which to them was a compleatly different way of thinking. A way to push the boundaries and get messages across in different ways was Cubism.

Cubism is considered the most influencial art movement in the 20th century,. It made people realize you can create things that are slightly different in terms of art.

Cubist artwork objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form. It was the movement that pushed for diversity and difference. The cubism movement started in 1908 and became less popular in 1914.

These designs for the old magazine, The New Yorker, sticks to the ways of how the modernists work, all images and text are in linear, horizontal and vertical positions, however one of these magazines uses cubism, I think this is a good magazine over for the modernist time. It incorporates more colours than what modernists were used to, they stuck to a simple colour pallet, and it wasn’t until postmodernists experimented with colour that it really took off.

I like the vintage style of these magazine covers however I do think that the lack of experimentation and design aspects that the postmodernists would have, being chaotic, weird and wonderful is a downside. Postmodernism is something I like in contrast to modernism.

Artist Research: Modernism

CONSTRUCTIVISM EL LISSITZKY

Constructivism was an artistic philosophy that originated in Russia created by the avant-garde, spreading to the rest of the continent. It began in 1919 ending in 1940.

It was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl. Its influence was pervasive, with major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.. Constructivism was an era in transformation from modernist principles to the beginning of postmodernism.

The abstraction and distortion, personally I don’t think the work makes sense to me, it reminds me of the propaganda posters during the war and to me doesn’t look appealing, however at the time it was to get a message across and make a point to the people who didn’t think the art movement could be as drastic as it was looking from Victorian art to constructivist art.

El Lissitzky was a Russian designer who designed many exhibitions and propaganda for the Soviet Union in the early 20th century. His development of the ideas behind the art movement was very influential in the development of the Bauhaus and the Constructivist art movements. His stylistic characteristics and experimentation with production techniques developed in the 1920s and 30s have been an influence on graphic designers since. Perhaps his most famous work was the 1919 propaganda poster “Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge”.

In his early years he developed a style of painting in which he used abstract geometric shapes, which he referred to as “prouns”, to define the spatial relationships of his compositions. Although this was a style that seemed to challenge the modernist way, the influence from modernist was still used from the use of geometric shapes. The shapes were developed in a 3-dimensional space that often contained varying perspectives, which was a direct contrast to the ideas of theories, which stressed the simplification of shapes and the use of 2D space only.

Artist Research: Modernism

DE STIJL PIET MONDRAIN

The De Stijl period stared in 1917 and was in favor of pure abstraction by the reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colors along with black and white. The end to the art movement came in 1932.

The order was established through a reduction of elements to pure geometric forms I think this was the first movement in the modernist art time when things became obviously simplified and abstracted to a point where people began to notice the change in the art itself. Although art before this followed rules, it was always a Victorian image or art nouveau, this was a huge leap in experimentation. I like this movement in the modernist era as I think the simplified nature of the De Stijl period can say a lot about the revolutionary times. Even though it was still early modernism it was starting to change quite dramatically from art nouveau to constructivism to De Stijl.

“Piet� Mondrian was a Dutch painter he was a contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form, which he termed neoclassicism. This consisted of white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors. Piet Moondrain Is recognized for the purity of his abstractions and methods and practice he used to arrived at his final work.

His work was reflecting the De Stijl movement and the simplification of forms using limited straight lines and colours. His experiments show how to use the era’s ethos in different ways using lines for colours. This style and experiment is something that has influenced my design thinking on the layout of my magazine.

Artist Research: Modernism

DADA Francis Picabia

Dada was a new movement that started in 1915 and continuing on and developing into graphic design all the way into the 1980’s. The era was seen as an art of those incapable of creation, it was about freedom, the meeting point of all contradictions. It was about how the world had gone insane and the artists were making fun of insanity by making the dada period insane in a same way. They were throwing away the old rules and manipulating the chances they had to change art into a new movement.

When I take into consideration the idea behind the dada period, the images make sense. There chaotic, not very pleasing to look at and have no order but that was the point and it’s something that developed to have deeper meaning. Looking at the image alone I don’t like the movement.

I think the images are too busy, the words seem meaningless at first glance and the colours are outdated.

However that’s my opinion now, this might have changed if you could have asked me in that time period. It’s because of my love of modern take on things like simplicity that I have this opinion. This made me realize that art movements through time are different and although I may not like them now, they have meaning and purpose and its those things that got us to the graphic design I love so much now. Dada was a contribution to this.

Artist Research: Modernism

BAUHAUS László Moholy Nagy

In 1923, Moholy-Nagy was asked by Walter Gropius to teach at the Weimar Bauhaus, an influential school of architecture and industrial design, His concept of typo-photo, by which he meant the combination of typography and photography, was the beginning of what has become the central medium of graphic design.

“What is typophoto? Typography is communication composed in type. Photography is the visual presentation of what can be optically apprehended. Typophoto is the visually most exact rendering of communication.”

He participated actively in the school’s external image, designing the visual identity for the school’s publishing house in which he combined a circle, a square and a triangle, fundamental geometric shapes in Bauhaus design.

I look at this and I think it’s a simple interpretation of what graphic design is, a combination of the 3 geometric shapes used in many different combinations and positions. I think the idea is brilliant and it goes perfectly with the principles of the Bauhaus. After Kandinsky’s experiment with the colour theory using a circle, square and triangle the logo is design is perfect as the Bauhaus took a lot of influence form this after the results were seen as effective.

Artist Research: Modernism

NEW TYPOGRAPHY JAN TSCHINCHOLD

In the 1920s and 1930s, the New Typography movement brought graphics and information design to the forefront in Central Europe.

By the later 1920’s Avant garde typography was making its way into mainstream commercial design.

Jan Tschinchold, in 1927 joined a group formed by the artist Kurt Schwitters named ‘ the circle of new advertising designers’, it was a group the formed the new typography principles. The new typography movement Rejected traditional arrangement of type in symmetrical columns and allowed blocks of type and illustration to be arranged in harmonious, asymmetrical compositions.

The Bauhaus was in favor of the sanserif fonts as they favored its simplified geometric forms, as an alternative to the heavy German standard black letter type.

The new typography was organized around these principles... *Asymmetric balance of elements * Content designed by hierarchy *Intentional white space utilization *Sans serif typography

In 1927 Jan Tschichold joined a group that formed the principles that drove the movement of the new typography period.

In the late 20s Tschichold designed a ‘universal alphabet’, converting it into one sans-serif typeface without capital letters. Some of the most famous typography creations from Jan Tschichold were the typefaces of Transit, Saskia and Zeus, which were designed in 1931, and Sabon in 1966.

Looking at the timeline, this to me is where the post modern typography of fonts really began to emerge, people came away from serif fonts and tried sans- serif, they came away from the typical black letter German fonts. Thus getting closer to the post modernist society in the art world, as well as in other aspects of life.

By 1932 the era was deemed as over and a new movement went into place.

Artist Research: Modernism

WHERE DID IT START? FUTURISM

DE STIJL

RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM

BAUHAUS

>

>

>

> 1919>1933

1917>1931

NEW TYPOGRAPHY

1925>1932

1919>1922

1909>1916 Artist Research: Modernism

POSTMODERNISM Modernism was a reductive movement; art forms were simplified to break pictorial representation.

Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, deign and architecture, that was a departure from modernism. , The 20th century was fraught with revolutionary changes; it was time for scientific and technological changes effecting the arts also. WW1 shook Europe and they needed new ways of thinking, the visual artists felt the style of the past did not represent the times they were in, thus the postmodernist era was born. Postmodernism is more about experimentation, “weird for the sake of weird”.

The art was chaotic, adventurous and above all meaningless, people saw postmodernist art and did not understand it, it was bold, messy and strange. They didn’t understand the concepts the point in all the colours, and forms. Postmodernists didn’t believe in form follows function.

Their art didn’t have much purpose or function it was about design, form and art for the sake of it. It didn’t need a meaning.

Post Modernism

MOVEMENTS OF POSTMODERNISM Post modernism is an era that started in 1972 and although seen as fading in 1995, is still a period we live in now. Postmodernism, is about the modern society, the technological, social, industrial and political advances, postmodern art is seen as meaningless and strange because its out there compared to the modernist art that is linear and fixed to the principles of simplistic art, using geometric shapes. For example fonts in our postmodern society may be more sanserif and simple however the way in which they are shown is crazy, they can be deconstructed, fragmented, messed with and merged with other things. There are so many different styles that can be made with the principles of post modernism .

Postmodernism is about how as a society we are completely different, there are movements past the 2000’s that are postmodern and ones that are still evolving and being created now including...

Postmodernism: 1972 > 1995 Deconstructivism: 1982 > 1995 Digital: 1984 > 2000 Controlled Chaos- 1995 > 2006 New Simplicity: 1995 > present day

Post Modernism

DECONSTRUCTIVISM FRANK GEHRY

Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s, ending in 1995. It is influenced by the theory of “Deconstruction”, which is a form of semiotic analysis. It is characterized by fragmentation, manipulating a structure’s surface, and shapes, which appear to distort and to dislocate elements of architecture; the finished visual appearance of buildings that exhibit deconstructivist “styles” is characterized by unpredictability and controlled chaos.

Deconstructivism also has an origami style and one building constructed in 1932 was deemed to look like an origami swan.

The architectural movement is one that is to seek, individuality. It influenced modern style, difference simplicity with complexity hidden. It’s the beginning of contemporary style. This was taken on when graphic design, through many designers were creating simplistic designs to create better work.

Frank Gehry is a Canadian architect known for postmodern designs, including the Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.

He is known for his use of bold, postmodern shapes and unusual fabrications.

The Santa Monica home, is an example of the deconstructionist style, an aesthetic that challenges the accepted design principles of architecture, while breaking the modernist ideology of form following function.

Gehry was just one of the artists following this style.

Gehry is known for his choice of unusual materials. His selection of materials such as corrugated metal lends some of Gehry’s designs an unfinished or even crude aesthetic. This consistent aesthetic has made Gehry one of the most distinctive designers of the recent past.

Artist research: Post Modernism

DIGITAL

JR SCHMIDT

Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process. Its use began in 1984 and is still used massively today. After initial resistance of the movement the art caught on and transformed many different art forms. It is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media usually commercially for example films and advertising. The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by filmmakers to produce visual effects.

Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design. Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work.

Digital art can be computer generated or taken from other sources such as the scanning in of photographs.

gave us a diverse way of working, resulting in us producing more creative work. It allows us to combine methods and create new ones. Graphic designers now use computers for the majority of work, whereas in a postmodernist era there were posters that were hand drawn or printed.

Jr Schmidt is a digital artist specializing in 3D art and motion graphics. This is a area of graphic design that is fairly new to the post modernist society. However it has developed fast and has spread all over different mediums the biggest being advertising, His style of work is just one of many different digital arts. This is one of the most modern and something that has influenced graphic design massively. Digital media using 3D art and motion graphics is one of the biggest things in graphic design right now.

The digital movement is one of the biggest movements of the postmodernist era, it has changed the way we create graphics and produce art. It

Artist research: Post Modernism

NEW SIMPLICITY DAVID AIREY

Simplicity in graphic design has been interpreted as showing unity, harmony and pureness. The reasons for requiring simplicity can easily be found in business. Simplifying the processes and end products can potentially make huge profits for businesses, it’s seen as functional, safe and economic.

Simplicity in graphic design was only established during the Bauhaus and Swiss Style periods: including the grid system and san-serif typefaces. They are all reductive graphic elements.

In contemporary graphic design ‘simple is best,’ and ‘less is more’, simplicity is the key. In most graphic design schools, tutors and students believe that the simplicity in graphic style is of importance.

Even today graphic designers have recognized these as guidelines for creating a decent design style. However, it is difficult to reach a conclusion about how simplicity in graphic design affects the determination of persuasive visual communication.

David Airey is a freelance, Irish graphic designer; he is an example of simplicity branding.

He uses only the necessary information on the top of products on a small sticker.

When looking through the graphic design art movement timeline, you can see the many different changes but the real difference is when you look at for example cubism, in contrast to new simplicity. It’s the transition between modernism and postmodernism and it’s the difference between what is seen as modern and what isn’t. It helps advertise as there is no guessing, you know exactly what it is and what you need to know. That’s the workings of new simplicity.

Artist research: Post Modernism

POP ART ANDY WARHOL

Andy Warhol is an artist responsible for the famous pop art portrait of Marylyn Monroe. This painting was the piece of art that really started the movement of pop art in the postmodernism world. The painting is bold, with bring colours, it has little meaning other that it’s a painting of a famous person. Its when the principles of post modernism really started to come forward. Its chaotic and random. They came away from the principles of modernist art and created the era of pop art.

I like pop art, I think the bright colours really draw your eye and I think that can only be a good thing, the fact it has no meaning also means that its open to interpretation, something that became more valuable in the post modern era. Interpretation was available and the meaning wasn’t written all over the piece. it gives us more creativity rather than just a piece of work.

Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it pop art is used to elevate the kitsch element of the commercial works of art.

Pop at usually takes subjects from advertising such as labels or objects and turns them into the style that pop art adopts, for example Andy Warhol’s tomato soup work.

Artist research: Post Modernism

POP ART- Done Differently ROY LITCHENSTEIN

Roy Lichtenstein was an American pop artist best known for his boldly colored parodies of comic strips and advertisements.

Lichtenstein began experimenting with different subjects and methods in the early 1960s His newer work was both a commentary on American popular culture and a reaction to the recent success of Abstract Expressionist painting by artists like Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Instead of painting abstract, often subject-less canvases as Pollock and others had had done, Lichtenstein took his imagery directly from comic books and advertising.

Instead of taking things like objects from advertising he made them into comic, his work is also done using dots in clusters to create colour rather than a solid block colour, the type that Andy Warhol would use when creating his style of pop art.

I prefer the work of Andy Warhol to the work of Roy Lichtenstein however I don’t dislike Lichtenstein’s work, I think the concept behind it is good, its a cleaver way to advertise in the post modern world, it subverts the normal way of painting as well as using bright colour, it changes the principles of modernist art. However personally I prefer the bright block colours on the painting of Marylyn Monroe, I also like that in Warhol’s work, he develops the images into a few colour versions and shows them all as one piece of work.

Artist research: Post Modernism

CONCEPTUAL ART LAWRENCE WEINER Conceptual artist Lawrence Weiner began his career as a painter in 1960, but by 1967 he shifted to creating primarily textbased works. He believes that words, rather than images in paintings or sculptures, provide the viewer with a wide range of interpretations that are available to anyone, unlike traditional art objects inside museums. Weiner’s belief in this democratic power of words and the importance of inexpensive public distribution of art has also led him to design and produce many posters.

The name conceptual art makes me think that the word is actually modernist work, it makes me believe there is a concept in the art and we are being shown it, there’s a meaning, however this art movement is very much a post modern movement, although its called conceptual art, the concept is not in the art itself ready to be seen, but in the way we perceive it and interpret the concept ourselves.

The Piece to the right, ‘ bits & pieces put together to present a semblance of a whole’, can be interpreted in many different ways. Some people may think its the bricks he talking about creating a wall, or the clay to create the writing, even the brush strokes that make up his type. This is the point of contextual art. it shows people that there are so many things this could portray and this is something I really like. I love that people see things differently, I have explored this in more detail previously and I have seen the impact this can have.

Artist research: Post Modernism

Masthead MASTHEAD

A GOOD MASTHEAD...

1) It should be memorable; 2) It should show strength; 3) It should convey a positive image; 4) It should embody a distinct elegance in design; 5) It should contain a catchy name and 6) It should contain the company’s name and/or logo.

Choosing the right typeface can make a world of difference.

A good masthead should be recognizable to a brand, because ultimately this is the purpose of the masthead logo, its to promote a brand in a particular way and manor

It should capture the publications character and attitude, it should fit the intended readership,

When magazines are stacked on the shelves on the newsstand top left position is always visible, no matter how densely stacked the magazines are on the shelves. Because of this if possible piece a masthead on the top left corner of a magazine cover. However sometimes this position may not work for the look of the magazine, this is why different versions are important

Never make a masthead too complicated, people remember outline and letters, keep the masthead simple and something people will remember and recognize, and make sure the type used is readable.

A masthead should be versatile too, so that it can be used in other occasions, like marketing materials.

Research: Masthead Design

EYE MASTHEAD ANALYSIS Negative space is used to create the shape of the text and outer section, the contrast between white and a colour makes it stand out

The logo flows into one as the end of the E turns into the outline of the eye shape.

Main logo is black conventional, will stand out and go with most things, however the logo is about the design and not colour, as logo is seen in other colours on covers.

The name of the magazine is combined into the design with the circle around the outside, making the shape of an eye.

Research: Masthead Design

Looking at magazines and design magazines in general, they all seem to have their masthead positioned on the top of their magazine, its the first thing that you see, however I have also realized that if the page is not very busy, its simplistic and straight forward then the masthead can be placed in most places. However its most likely to be placed in the center and these are the types I prefer.

Research: Masthead Design

EXISTING MASTHEADS

Research: Masthead Design

Research: Masthead Design

After researching mastheads and looking at existing ones, analyzing what they need to do to be a good effective masthead.

I decided to start some thumbnails. I decided this would be the best way because I had ideas building up in my head and I just wanted to get them down quickly on paper, it also allowed me to make variations of the designs I had in my head. I found this a very effective way of working. I thought it was quick and easy and it gave me many more ideas that I wanted to develop on the computer with different positions and colours.

I like the idea of thumbnails however drawing the masthead does not allow you to use different typefaces to experiment with or different colours, without having to take a lot of time making them and I don’t think this is the point of thumb nails they are supposed to be quick. So I like to do this briefly then take my ideas on the computer and this is where I would experiment and develop in more depth.

Masthead Thumbnails

Masthead Thumbnails

Here are my first experiments after I had finished my thumbnails, pink was a colour I had in my head from the beginning, it was one that I believe works well with black and white and brings the right message across about a new design. It’s something fresh and inviting to look at. So at first I messed around with fonts and the colours and which overlays would be best but i found that the reverse colours were effective and caught my eye. Something I want my masthead to do. After I found this I started to make the letters slightly transparent giving the full overlapped look again improving the look. I played around with the overlap effect in different fonts and once I found one that I thought looked the best for the style of magazine I was portraying I looked at different shapes and different colour variations within the shapes.

Masthead Designs

I then discovered how to create this black mark in the background and I started to see what effects it did, this is the one I favored, it didn’t distract too much from the initials but gave a good depth to the masthead. I played around with the colours and these were the ones I thought worked the best in contrast with black and grey. I then looked at the positioning of the text but decided to try other designs before deciding on my final. Personally I really like this masthead but feel I need to keep going to ensure it’s the one I want to use.

Masthead Designs

I then tried with a different effect. I again used the method of the black line however I was able to play around and make different shapes this created this and placing others behind made the masthead look 3D, which I thought looked better than not having it. I again used the pink versions because I still believed it was the best colour to use however if this was to be successful in my final masthead I would experiment with many different colours as a I believe it needs to be developed as much as possible to be the best it can . Without seeing a masthead in may different states we don’t actually know which is the best one.

Masthead Designs

I then decided to forget all the fancy backgrounds and stick to just the words, I wanted to see how I could develop these and try different variations. I actually really like these, I think there simple and they tell you exactly what it is straight away however I think that for a design magazine, it should be more creative, have a bit more depth and meaning. I also like that they are not black there slightly off in a dark grey. The bottom one is a favorite of mine, I like that the words inside look like they are cut out against a white background, however the problem would be if the background behind changed to a different colour when put on the cover.

Masthead Designs

Masthead Development

FINAL MASTHEAD This is my final masthead design. I stated with the font, I wanted a modern looking test, sans serif and tall, I think this fits with the style of magazine I am creating and the designs I had in my head. I found that thick texts like my thumbnails did not work in the way I wanted them to. But finding this I was able to narrow it down to a number of texts that would be appropriate and also looked well together. I then looked and thought about how I don’t like the single letters so I duplicated them and overlapped them creating new colours and transparency’s s, making the overlaps were apparent. I liked how the black pink and grey looked together. I tried a few versions using different colours but this seemed to be the one that appealed to me, the pink gave a sophisticated look with the grey and black contrast.

Looking at the masthead I really liked it but I thought something was missing, this is when I started to experiment with the circles and adding the full name in a small font somewhere.

I wanted it to be small because I think the small font would not distract but would be big enough so that people knew what NVL stood for. I tried different shapes and positions but I found quickly that I didn’t think a square worked and the circle made me think the cover design would be quite

restricted. So I decided on no shape but the text I felt still needed to be added. This is where I tried underneath, to the side ect. But I found this way that I thought was original and I also think it ties the whole masthead together, it uses its spare space to make the masthead into one that could be placed in the middle of a page and not look out of place or lost. I didn’t want the image to look like it wasn’t in the middle when it was because of its uneven sides.

It was by accident that I found out how to create the black line in the background.

I found you could do this effect and I really like it. I think it gives more depth to the masthead. Adding a little extra without it being too much and overpowering the name of the magazine.

Final Masthead

MAGAZINE COVER

A GOOD MAGAZINE COVER...

Match and complement text colour...

Selecting color is never random. In magazine cover design, common approaches are to either match or complement certain vivid areas of the photograph or illustration beneath

Placing emphasis with backgrounds, bolds, italics,.. the idea of a magazine cover is to place empathize what’s inside and catch readers attention, to do this on a busy front cover the use of bold and italics can be very helpful.

Consistency is key....

Its important that the magazine covers sets the theme throughout the magazines design, the consistency is key and sets the brand for the magazine itself.

Dark on light, light on dark text placement...

Covers are usually made using photographs or illustrations, either way there is always a good contrast between dark and light from the text to the image, making sure the text is readable

Spice up the boring stuff...

Most designers will place the elements in the predictable places, For example the date in the bottom right corner out of the way, the idea is to think outside the box while sticking to the things that make a good magazine, different can also intrigue people.

Combine the elements on the page in a way that makes them all complement each other, that looks visually appealing, making people want to see what’s inside Research: Cover Design

The barcode in bottom corner is not important to the reader but a necessity to the magazine itself.

4 key concepts at the top, first thing you look at, draw peoples attention.

Logo in top corner, not as important as the masthead but there for reference, and brand image.

Colours against grey background bring out the mountain concept it represents.

Masthead of magazine, being the biggest thing, made sure it’s easily seen. To promote brand image and so viewers know what it is instantly.

Magazines brand image is using geometric shapes, all magazine covers are set out in the same format containing the same things but in different colours and main image is different.

Research: Cover Design

Research: Cover Design

EXISTING MAGAZINE COVERS

Research: Cover Design

Research: Cover Design

EXISTING MAGAZINES I-D Magazine

These magazine covers from I-D magazine caught my eye because of the computer generation after the photography, the manipulation and overlays. They all follow a constant layout and the masthead is always the same something I am going to adapt into the whole of my magazine.

Research: Cover Design

EXISTING MAGAZINES NEVILE BRODY

Neville Brody is a very well known graphic designer, he uses typography in most of his work as the main aspect, positioning and shaping it in a way that makes the images look interesting.

I like the way the typography is the main ting and its something that i want to experiment with.

Research: Cover Design

MAGAZINE COVERS over the years...

Over time the look of magazine layouts have changed, looking at one magazine from the modernist era, it has been influenced by the art movement of Art Nouveau. The colours and forms in this magazine colour are very vintage, they are pastel and dull, more worn out, not as bright and powerful, mainly due to the fact they didn’t have the technology we have now, they were all hand printed and done manually.

The in-between era of modernism and postmodernism is the Bauhaus period, these are the first people that started to experiment with modern style, with sanserif typefaces and simple layouts, however they still hadn’t gone to the extent of the new simplicity era. The black and white simplicity is there however the postmodern style can be seen to be even simpler than this.

This is a postmodern, motion graphic magazine cover. This is simple even with colour unlike the Bauhaus image. The type is similar using the simple type. Because of the generation I am and the way I see graphic design this is the one I prefer. I really do think that less is more, to me if something is complex it becomes overwhelming and the purpose is lost, losing the sight of what graphic design is about. The way graphic design has developed over the years has being successful to me and I think the way in which it has happened has helped us all as graphic designers and as people who need graphic design in our life’s.

Research: Cover Design

I did these thumbnails for the front cover, I didn’t do as many as I usually would just because initially I didn’t have many ideas but I knew once I got on the computer I would be able to mess around and come up with some interesting ones. However I did have some layouts in mind that I thought might help, for example the triangle ones and the square ones I thought were a good starting point. Usually I find thumbnails quite helpful but this time I just had no ideas I needed to be let loose on the computer to gather up some ideas.

Magazine Cover Thumbnails

These are my very initial computer designs based off my thumbnails. The reason I thought about these triangles is because I had done them for something else previously and I thought they would look quite effective on the front page, against a white background with the masthead however after looking at these and even trying different mastheads I wasn’t sure about it. I like the top right one because I think it all ties in quite well with each other but I still thought it could have been better. I tried different variations but came to the conclusion that this was not how I wanted the front page to look or how I had imagined it. Although I was not going to rule out the idea of triangles because this is something that I liked the idea of.

Magazine Cover Designs

Magazine Cover Designs

After my initial designs I found that 3D triangles did not work, but I thought about trying them in a more 2D way.

Usually I think 3D looks better it can give a really good motion graphic effect and make someone actually say ‘wow that looks so good’ but when I started playing around with these triangles, I instantly started to like them. From the first design I did with the small amount of triangles, with a simple masthead and a blank background. I did this design in a number of colours to see what effects I could get, I really liked the different colours the background made the triangles go but I thought I would play around and see how complex I could make them. So that’s what I did. I used the pen tool to start filling in the gaps and making double triangles, playing with transparency and colour,

I moved the masthead around seeing what effects I could get and where I thought it looked most appropriate and the first set of designs the masthead looked better at the bottom in the middle. On the second set I think the cluster of triangles at the top and the masthead again at the bottom looked the best, but then when I did one design I instantly loved it. The design to the right is the one where my final idea stemmed from.

The design to me looked fresh, it was creative, original and vibrant. It was nice to look at and I think represented a new visual language perfectly. However I couldn’t just stop there, I had to experiment and see what I could do with the design. I knew I always had the original to fall back on, however as soon as I started to add different backgrounds, even just solid colours the triangles would change colours and everything looked really good. I was very happy and as soon as I saw the pink background I knew it was the best one. It stuck with the colour pallet which I wasn’t looking for but it actually looked the best.

Magazine Cover Designs

FINALMAGAZINE COVER This is my final magazine cover, I took a number of steps to choose this one but I know looking at all my designs it was the best one. Starting with the 3D triangles, I knew straight away that they did not work and when the 2D triangles did I was shocked, because I know that I would usually prefer 3D work. Then when I found this layout I was very happy because I knew it was one that had worked really well and I defiantly wanted to develop it in my final design. Then I started to develop this cover using different colours, I thought a lot of them looked good, they made the cover look modern, fresh and new, just as the magazine suggests. It’s visual and creative. Its something I haven’t seen before. I’m surprised I created something like this and found my final design without going through too much trial and error.

colours of the background changed the colours of the triangles slightly and this is the effect I like. These colours make the page look the best it could.

head and I think its fits perfectly for its purpose and will create a good house style and colour scheme for my magazine. I think a cover design is when you know the feel of your magI also like that the background co- azine and the way it’s going to look lour can became a constant colour and this is what this has done for me. through the magazine, creating a style. This is because the masthead is also this colour, but the two colours on the front cover do not merge and make the masthead unreadable.

I placed two sets of triangles in at the top and the bottom but to make sure they matched I pasted the first set and turned them around. I think this was the best thing I could have done because I would not have got the same effect above and below.

The masthead and the title of the magazine work well in the middle, its the only piece of writing on there and although the cover is busy in terms of background triangles the text is the only main aspect to look at right in the middle of the page, there are no pieces of information at the edges.

I think the positives of this cover are obvious. The triangles are combined and transparent making the opacity obvious, which I think gives a great effect. The colours all blend well together to create a good colour pallet and the shapes fit into each other well. The Overall I am very happy with my mast

Finlal Cover

Finlal Cover

MAGAZINE LAYOUT

A GOOD MAGAZINE LAYOUT...

Using grids and rulers in the program you are using to create your magazine. This makes sure everything is in a place and in line, creating the best spaces. Columns for writing plWay a big part in this; all images and columns should be lined up and symmetrical, making it easy to read.

It’s very important in typography to consider the audience and subject at every step, and try to select fonts that compliment each other nicely

One thing that will make magazine layout easier and better is that you are prepared beforehand; you have an idea of what it is you want the page to look like. Experimentation can be done after to get what you are happy with.

When elements in a layout line up, they create eye lines. Eye lines lead a viewer’s eye across a spread, creating what designer’s call “movement.” It creates a sense of unity across both pages in a spread. Guidelines provide an easy way to create eye lines.

A successful spread will have at least one eye line to guide a viewer across both pages of the layout.

Research: Magazine Layout

Research: Magazine Layout

GRID SYSTEM The grid system enables a magazine to be placed in a symmetrical, ordered way, sometimes making a magazine look good or even bad depend on the style the magazine is designed in. Personally I don’t think the grid system is a modern approach to magazine design, I think the more post modern way of working with no grid system works better for me. I think grid work can look good but too much of it can make a magazine look like bad design, quite simple and easy.

Research: Magazine Layout

Before starting to work on my magazine and developing each page, I wanted to have some ideas down on paper, on how I might think about structuring the pages. Although I may not use the thumbnails to their exact design, I will start by modeling some pages on them and developing them further until I find a design I like. I also don’t expect all the designs to work straight away although some might. I found these thumbnails quite easy to do as I quickly drew what was coming into my head.

This meant that I came up with a lot of ideas quickly and it got me thinking creatively. I also got some influence from the magazine layouts I had looked at previously online as well as the primary sources ones I bought my self.

Magazine Layout Thumbnails

Many of my thumbnails have the triangle integrated into them because I wanted to keep a running theme through my magazine and the front cover in predominantly triangles.

I really like my cover and I think it gives a good effect so I played around on paper with the idea of how I can use triangles as it was easier to draw what came into my head in many different variations. I also labeled where images would go and the boxes are where text would go.

Some are quite similar in design however they have elements hat are changed slightly. That’s the beauty of thumbnails you can play around with this sort of thing until you think you have found the best one and this is what I have done, I’ve then chosen the ones I think look good on paper and transformed them into the magazine pages.

NVL

Contents page Development

Contents Development

Contents Development

Contents Development

Contents Development

Contents Development

Contents Development

I had first found a magazine layout that I really liked the look of, it was different, and I thought the idea of it could be tuned into something really good, which is when i started to experiment with the triangles and fitting them together to make a shape that was then appropriate for text to be fit around. The idea was that the contents were to be split into sections of each part of the magazine. However when testing this look out, because of the overlapping of shapes on pages the design was messed up, but this wasn’t my problem with it. I found the design quite messy and although the idea behind it could have been good and it fits with my cover I liked it.

But I decided to keep developing the design by adding pictures into the triangles, changing text sizes and fonts and also adding more shapes. However I just could not find a design I was happy with.

This design is one that I could have used but I decided to keep developing but instead I looked at more contents layouts and came across one I found interesting. It was minimalist and when I saw it I knew could adapt it using my colour schemes and purposes making the influence great for the look I was going for. I then came up with the designs above. I really liked the left hand page, it showed the contents well. The layout all fit together and lined up but the problem was the right hand side. I liked the idea of minimalism however the arrow and text looked too minimalist. So I added these effects that I played around with. I didn’t like the 2-lined effect however I did like the spikey corner line and the circular one that loops around the text.

too harsh for the minimalist look and the pink that is predominant in the magazine already worked really well. I had difficulty deciding between the two shapes of line but finally decided on the one descending from the corner, it took up more space without being too fussy, making the page feel more like minimalism than just empty.

I played around with the colours and decided, black was

The last detail I added into this page was the logo on the left hand

I then found that placing a white line through the arrow made a good effect and it was just a small detail I thought that made the page look better. The different shades in the page number boxes work well with the colours that appear on my front cover. I thought it all tied in really well together and was Starting to have a style that would run through out the whole magazine.

side, the logo is not something I wanted to be put on every page I think it would look too fussy and people don’t need to be constantly reminded, a small type in the house style footer of the magazine would do that job. However on this page I found that it actually did it well. I think because its the content page this is appropriate, its telling the readers what the contents is for. Working really well and working well with the colour scheme.

Overall I am happy with the design and development of my contents page, when I look at what I started with and what I finished with it really shows that the development has helped in my design.

Contents Development

NVL

Modernism & Postmodernism Page Development

M&PM Development

M&PM Development

M&PM Development

Again originally I had seen a magazine layout online that I really liked and thought would work well for this page as I wanted to show two piece of information, modernism and postmodernism. However when making this and stepping back I realized that the pages were not symmetrical like the design i had looked at and although I was only taking influence from the design I realized that the reason I liked the design was because of the symmetrical nature of it. This was impossible with the information I was showing I had to abandon this. I also didn’t think the design did the magazine any justice, it stuck to the colour scheme but didn’t seem to fit In with the style of it.

Feel the design was quite right.

I think it was a little too symmetrical now for the design I had chosen. It started to look slightly easy, and boring. Because of this difficulty I stated to look for more inspiration when I came across a fashion magazine that had a layout similar to the

Below one. Although the colours Read but still done in and layouts were slightly different an interesting way. and the original had more images I adapted the colours but the black looked too harsh so I changed it to the colour pallet I had already being using across the magazine and I found this worked perfectly.

I thought the text was easier to

I added in the house style of the magazine, adding things like side lines, page numbers and side text, this is something that will appear on each page, a consistent thing through the magazine. I wanted something simple and slick to go with the design of the magazine. The triangle and geometric shapes that enhance my magazines so far is something I have taken influence from the constructivist period in the modernism era. Although I feel I’ve made the design of it more post modern, and now. Chaotic and well designed.

I then started to change the layouts and making the design a bit different and I like this design, I think it was simple, slick and easy to read, something I needed with so much text on one page. However I dont

M&PM Development

CITY IN FLUX

Introduction Page Development

This idea is one that came from my thumbnail sketches, rather than a primary source or a website source. I was a simple idea when I sketched it and it remained a simple design, it was minimalist but it was more about the clean design and the information shown.

This page was more about developing how the text would look in terms of colour, typeface and size. I also played around with the positioning slightly however it seemed from the beginning the best position was the one it was originally in, everything just fit together and had the right amount of spacing, other layouts looked odd and not quite finished.

After I had played around with the text and realized that the original layout was best and the type as best to be kept the same without. I started to play with the background wondering if the black background had to be there at all or whether it would be better on the other side. Trying these things seemed little but these details showed me that they

are important and can make the difference between a good design and a bad one. I took this simplistic grid system approach from the modernist form follows function attitude.

Everything has its place and it’s for a purpose. Through out this magazine I have mixed the 2 opposites of modernism less is more and post modernisms chaotic nature. Even in the development stages this is shown.

After deciding the basics of the pages such as the colours, and layouts I turned my attention to the look of the whole page.

I thought the double page spread needed something a bit more to show the nature of what city in flux is about. So I decided to play around with the main aspect of the city in flux final piece. The purple eye.

I tried it in many different formats and saw that the eye is a circle shape works better for the page that the sharp edge of the square it originally came in. I also tried it behind text and in front of others and I found that the text became unreadable, or at least harder to read so I placed the eye.

in the white space above and it turned out it fitted well, and the only thing it overlapped is the word ‘vision’ and this worked well as it was still readable.

I really like this page, although its simplistic it seems to work, it all fits together and looks like a simplistic modern design. I also like that the house style of the side lines and page numbers have been changed to white over the black background. I did this so it was visible and initially thought it would look odd but I actually like the effect of the reversed colours.

Intro Development

Intro Development

City in Flux

Kalediscope Page Development

Kalediscope Development

Kalediscope Development

Kalediscope Development

Kalediscope Development

This is a page that development seemed to change dramatically to how I had first imagined it, however I think this is for the best. So far I haven’t had a page that has being square and in a grid system format that could be seen. And I think this page looks good because of it. It looks like a magazine, rather than just a booklet. I started with the kaleidoscope images in a huddle and the text floating about and the layout was just not working for me, I played around a little and developed slightly better solutions in terms of splitting the double page spread and utilizing its advantages however I still was not happy with the

Outcome. An influence I took from looking at existing layouts is that images with text on top work well, if the image is right. I took a kaleidoscope image and lightened it so the text could be seen. I really liked this page and thought it had a good effect.

However looking at other I saw that the image needed to be darker. It needed to make more impact and be more dramatic.

This instantly made the page better. I then made the image full bleed and got rid of the side lines, I was first hesitant to do this because of the consistent style I had thought-out but I thought that if one side had, it wouldn’t effect this page too much.

The other side proved to be tricky to get right.

However once I lined up the images and text with the other image on the left hand side, it started to please me a bit more.

I tried many different variations of images and how they combined with the text but I found I was trying to make it too complicated and that a simple 2 Column system would work better and this was a solution that I stuck with because I think its right. Making the page too complicated did not help but actually made the design look worse.

Kalediscope Development

City in Flux

Final Piece Page Developement

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

The first page I developed to show my first final piece of city in flux was this one.

Initially this page was quite simple, but I wanted a mix of simple that works and complicated that looks effective rather than boring and over busy. So I wanted to develop it further I didn’t feel like it was at the top of its potential yet.

I had used the same idea of the city in flux intro page by having a black page, I did this to carry a theme but I decided that it just didn’t look as effective, in some places it works and others it doesn’t.

I look at some inspiration and saw a method of lining images up in a horizontal line, which I thought would work well because I have 6 images, 3 on each page. However I found it difficult to place them and find how to make the page connect with the images. I made the background black against the eyes thinking this would be the best idea. And its something I don’t mind, I think it looks good as it makes the eye images stand out however the typefaces didn’t look right that I had used and the writing didn’t match up

It took a bit of playing around with typeface and type size to get what I thought was a bit better. I then added squares which was a bit of a test but when I changed them to transparent and made them slightly different shades, I liked the effect but the black background didn’t show them off enough, so I tried a white background another reason I did this is.

Because conventional magazines wouldn’t have a full page of black as a background, looking at the examples I had. And when I turned it white I really liked it, although the text still wasn’t right, so all I had to do was line them all up properly and make them justified and the text worked again.

I played around with the slogan and I finally found a

place where the slogan worked. This page was a hard one for me and it took a lot of development to get the effect that I was happy with, but once I had I played around with the fonts just a little more to make sure the one I had being using throughout the magazine was appropriate enough. I think so; therefore it fits with the style.

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

This is an idea that didn’t need much development in the end, but during the process I did a lot of development. I tried many different fonts including Helvetica, Arial and sans skins.

These are all fonts that are sans serif but some are thicker and bold where as some were skinnier. I found the skinny ones worked the best with the simple nature of this page.

Again simplicity works here. I need to show the 3 eyes and I need nothing to distract from them, which it doesn’t. The title of the work is on the other side with a little but of text to explain. The reason this piece of work didn’t get too much text around it is because although it’s talked about previously in other pages it doesn’t need much explanation other than the message and why.

Initially the eyes were not in the vertical style and as soon as I tried this variation I knew it was the one I should use. The ones before look out of place and like they have just been stuck there. The line gives them structure and an order in which someone would look at them, there eye would then be drawn to the title and then the text about the images. I believe this is how a reader should see the magazines image, in a reading pattern, and it seems to work.

I think the house style of the side lines and page numbers work well here, it makes the page look like the conventions of a magazine, and it complements the design of vertical lines. This is one page where I think the design of this really stands out and becomes part of the image.

Final piece development

Earth Artifact Final piece Page Development

These earth artifact final piece pages, were one that I wanted to match, I wanted the design to be linked in a similar way because of the link between the 8 graphics.

Initially I started by using the one black one white page method but I realized that the pictures on the white page did not look good, I placed 3 developed images below to see the varieties but again this didn’t seem relevant. However this was a problem because I liked the look of the writing on the other side, stating the key word, the quote and text about the image.

Because of this I decided to start the design again. I started with the use of triangles, the reason for this was because the city in flux section didn’t not contain this style that I had set up from the start and I thought this should, so I used triangles to help with the white spaces and with the writing over the top I liked it, however the image side of the double page spread was still proving a problem. I just didn’t think it linked with the writing part very well,

lines and drag the images to the end. This was when I had the grey box above, but I took this away because i thought it linked with the other page better and then I had to bring the images back in. playing around with this in many different variations was difficult but eventually I got the page to look how I wanted. I had to position the text in different places to ensure it was the best place it could be.

Eventually I came to a design that I liked much better than the old one, I think it suits the design of the whole magazine better, giving a softer approach. Using the triangles throughout.

Initially the image was not on full bleed and I don’t think this worked with the way I had the layout, I had to remove the house style side

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

Final piece development

Earth Artifact

Type Transcription Page Development

After looking at my thumbnails I decided that this page to was going to be simple. I wanted to show off the alphabet type transcription in a simple way that would allow viewers to analyze the work and interpret it without distractions of decoration behind, however I didn’t want the other page to be too bland, so I added a background and again made the triangles appear .

I Wtried different variations of the colours and arrangement, to see which best fit the style of the magazine and the combination between the typeface.

Personally I like this page as its simple, you can tell what it’s showcasing and nothing is over crowded. I think the development had helped me see what colours would work best and what typefaces and position works best on a simplistic double page spread.

I think this could have more development to make it more diverse however I think this could have a risk of making the typeface lost in the decoration of the magazine.

Type Development

Type Development

Type Development

Type Development

Type Development

Art Nouveau- Alphonse Mucha

Conceptual Art Lawrence Weiner

Cubism-Vladamir Bobri

Mastheads

http://www.alfonsmucha.org/

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/WeinerText.JPG

http://www.dadart.com/dada-media/Picabia-L’Oeil-cacodylate-p.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Picabia

http://epoke.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ELLE-LOGO-black.jpg http://typophile.com/files/SlasherMasthead2_4738.jpg http://www.elephantjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/elephant-text-masthead.png http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/0/1923/13900/28_clash-logo.jpg http://www.acid.eu.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/InDesign-masthead.jpg https://fmpjasminebranson.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/mh.jpg http://www.upstatewoman.com/images/UpstateWomanMagazineMasthead.jpg http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/multimedia/archive/00106/OKMAG_106576c.jpg https://rosiemccarthy.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/20131031-101501-am.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/15/f7/bd/15f7bddb091ba272ea23c89cac94ec69.jpg http://www.theloop.com.au/app/serve/view_file/L21udC9zaXRlX2RhdGEvcHJvamVjdHMvaW1hZ2VzLzQ1NTc0Ny1sLmpwZywxNDE0NjE1NzAwLGltYWdlL2pwZw,, http://www.frenchblitzerscott.com/uploads/portfolio/Saucy_1_small.jpg http://www.creativereview.co.uk/images/uploads/2013/01/bblogos_0.jpg http://payload61.cargocollective.com/1/0/12581/3537536/popmag_ID_860.jpg http://seeklogo.com/images/E/Eye-logo-5FD49B45C5-seeklogo.com.gif

Bauhau- László Moholy Nagy

Magazine Covers..

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NwSQV4EwdSg/VKfP4J7Sf6I/AAAAAAAAYGY/AUDv6SkrEns/s1600/50-1.jpg http://imageset.gallerydirect.com/art_preview/CN48102WNC_F0000_ML000_MB_20_311.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Bobri

Constructivism- E Lisstsky

http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/timelines/images/el_lissitzky.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_%28art%29 http://www.designishistory.com/1920/el-lissitzky/

De Stijl- Piet Mondrain

http://www.theartstory.org/artist-mondrian-piet.htm

Dada- Francis Picabia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Moholy-Nagy

http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/towards-a-complex-simplicity http://www.davidairey.com/

http://jennygrigg.com/images/press/pre1_2.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/f3/14/f0/f314f060fb9eb498318a26f3f4c773ab.jpg http://fawny.org/blogimages/Eye81cover.jpg http://media.creativebloq.futurecdn.net/sites/creativebloq.com/files/images/2012/09/magcoverwallpaper.jpg http://fc03.deviantart.net/fs6/i/2005/100/f/a/design_graphics_magazine_cover_by_galvanize.jpg http://bashooka.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/magazine-cover-3.jpg https://inspirationfeeed.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/1844971032577_hpmlxglz_l1.jpg http://files1.coloribus.com/files/adsarchive/part_1636/16361255/file/worth-magazine-worth-magazine-cover-series-3-600-70686.jpg http://payload8.cargocollective.com/1/5/172885/2468090/summit-magazine-cover.jpg http://viewcreatives.com/portfolios/fullsize/2/2_21834_SRM.jpg http://www.designscene.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Penelope-Cruz-Covers-V-Magazine-DesignSceneNet-01.jpg http://media.creativebloq.futurecdn.net/sites/creativebloq.com/files/images/2013/11/complexmag.jpg http://netdna.webdesignerdepot.com/uploads/2009/01/print1.jpg http://asset1.itsnicethat.com/system/files/012014/52e665935c3e3c688d002f53/img_col_main/001_FTMAG_2707_FINAL.jpg?1390831229 http://non-format.com/uploads/images/Typography/+81-01.jpg http://www.theenglishgroup.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Hunger05_softback_7-518x674-460x598.jpg

Pop Art- Andy Warhol

Magazine Layouts

New Typograohy- Jan Tschnihold

http://www.moma.org/visit/calendar/exhibitions/1015 http://www.designhistory.org/Avant_Garde_pages/images_avantgarde/Marinetti_Zang.gif

Deconstructivism- Frank Gehry

http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2010/06/dzn_Lou-Ruvo-Center-for-Brain-Health-by-Frank-Gehry-2.jpg http://www.achievement.org/achievers/geh0/large/geh0-028.jpg https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2488/3789714129_e1377af284_z.jpg

Digital- J R Schmidt

http://payload62.cargocollective.com/1/0/15329/3542474/prt_320x320_1375206613.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_art

New Simplicity- David Ariey

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol http://panamarte.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Marilyn-Monroe.jpeg

Roy Litchensitein- Pop Art

http://www.biography.com/people/roy-lichtenstein-9381678 https://brendandonnet.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/roy-lichtenstein-ohhhe280a6-alrighte280a6-1964.jpg http://www.uhdwallpaper.org/wallpaper/archives/11455

ID Magazine & Neville Brody

http://41.media.tumblr.com/7e81328bbee8522c936e18041cb7defd/tumblr_mmu9rnDpZx1s6vxzfo2_1280.jpg https://testpressing.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/id-mag-issue-40-sep-1986-cover.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NeTMCL4GVd4/R0iiPL8re_I/AAAAAAAAD28/Iq2szwrctIQ/s320/6.gif http://www.thebohmerian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2-new-years-magazine-covers-photos-by-chineseavant-garde-fashion-photographer-chen-man-for-uk-i-d-magazine1.jpg http://www.williamkrausmann.com/brody.jpg

https://xoxoinuyasha.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/londonfashionweek.jpg https://mediadpjs.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/untitled-1.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MFifeZ_EfAs/Ts5QIgnMnsI/AAAAAAAAACE/0Qb0e5jJdkU/s400/film+review+template.JPG https://beauchampcollegeasmedia13.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/magazine-flat-plan-double-page-spreadimage.jpg http://cdn.inspirationhut.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Magazine-Book-Layout-Inspiration-3-550x343.jpg http://behance.vo.llnwd.net/profiles15/1176279/projects/3977807/9df123af622d07e1f3269310ee68cc98.jpg https://aimeemstevenson.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/finaldesign.jpg https://hkdesigns.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/page-spread-unedited-a4.jpg http://www.topdesignmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/188.jpg http://kissmiklos.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/magazine1_designbook-01.jpg http://www.touchey.net/images/fashion-mag-layouts-guy/guy6.jpg?_CACHEVERSION=1259795642897

Bibliography