ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ، ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ 99
ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﻴـﺪﺭﻯ
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ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﺟــﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ،ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺵ، ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ...ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻭﻟﻴﻨﺴــﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻴﺨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸــﻒ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸــﻒ ،ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻤﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷــﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻭﻃﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺘﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﮔﺸﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴــﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺳــﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ! ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻮﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ .ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻏﺮﺏﮔﺮﺍﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﺎﺳــﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺳﺖ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﺎﺳﻮﻧﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ،ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻕ ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷــﺮﻗﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ )ﺷــﺮﻕ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﻼﺡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﻏﺮﺏﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ 1.ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺑﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺪﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺸــﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﺸــﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺳــﭙﺮﺩ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻱﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ. ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ،ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ .ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ ،ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺮﻕ ،ﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ
. 1ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺁﺷﻮﺭﻱ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ،1351 ،ﺹ.9
101 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻙ :ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،1382 ،ﺹ.95-180
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴــﺎﻱ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳــﻴﺪ ،ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ. ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ،ﺯﺑﺎﻥ )ﻋﺒﺮﻱ ،ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ،ﺁﺷﻮﺭﻱ ،ﺑﺎﺑﻠﻲ ،ﻣﻐﻮﻟﻲ، ﭼﻴﻨــﻲ ،ﺑﺮﻣﻪﺍﻱ ،ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻨﻲ ،ﺟﺎﻭﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ،(...ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﻭ ...ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﺷــﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻠﻴﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒــﺎﻁ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴــﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎ، ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷــﻤﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ .ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﺴــﻴﺤﻲ ،ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷــﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ1312ﻡ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺷــﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺳــﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ،ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ،ﻋﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ،ﺁﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ ،ﺑﻠﻮﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺁﻭﻳﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻻﻣﺎﻧﻜﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ 1.ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ، ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷــﺮﻗﻲ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﻼﻥ ﺁﻥ ،ﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﻩﺻﺎﻑﻛﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ .ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﻔﺮﻱ ،ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺱ ﭼﻴﺮﻩﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ1710ﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻩ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷــﺌﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺴــﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳــﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ،ﻣــﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺎﻗــﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻩ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﺸﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧــﺪ .ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺳــﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴــﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ .ﺷــﺨﺺ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻴﺦﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﺳﻨﻲﻫﺎ ،ﺳــﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺷــﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﺴــﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳــﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺗﺨﺎﻧﻪ ،ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔــﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ )ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ( ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
102 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸــﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ[ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﺜــﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﺸــﺎﻥ ﺭﺧﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺷــﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﺟﻮﺍﺏﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ. ﻏﻴــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ،ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ،ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﺳــﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫــﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺷــﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻞﻫﺎ ،ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ 1 ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﺻﻠﻲﺍﻧﺪ. ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰﻛﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ،ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ،ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺩﺑﻴــﺎﺕ ،ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳــﺦ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺯﺣﻤــﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ،ﺑﻪ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﻣﻲﺷــﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔــﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺟﻤﻌــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ،ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻰ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺠﻜﺎﻭﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸــﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺟﺴــﺖﻭﺟﻮ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻪﻫﺎ ،ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳــﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺛــﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺑﻴــﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ . 1ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﻔﺮﻱ ،ﻭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ؛ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻢﺍﻟﻬﺪﻱ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ، ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ،ﺑﻲﺗﺎ ،ﺹ.12
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. 1ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ )ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮﻗﻴﻦ(، ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ،1356 ،ﺹ 6ﻭ .16 . 2ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ 16ﻭ .18
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ...ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻑ ﻭ ﻛﺸــﻒ ﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻭﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ،ﺟﻬﺖ 1 ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ،ﺟﺎﻧﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲﻫﺎ ،ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ -ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪ -ﺗﺒﺪﻳــﻞ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﻃﻦ ﻣــﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﻩﺻﺎﻑﻛﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺳﺤﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎً ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ؛ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻍ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻴــﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﻏﺮﺏ ،ﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ،ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﺴﺖﻭﺟﻮ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ،ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﻩﮔﺮ ﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻏﺮﺽ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ...ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻘﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ،ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﺴــﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ،ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ 2 ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ،ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺳــﺤﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ،ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺸﺼﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ: ﮔﻴﺪﻱ ،ﺑﺮﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻭﻥ ،ﮔﻠﺪﺯﻳﻬﺮ ،ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴــﻦ ،ﻫﺎﻟﻴﻔﻲ ،ﻭﻟﺪﻧﺒﺮگ ﻭ ...ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸــﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ،ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ،ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ .ﮔﻮﺍﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ »ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ« ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺪﻫﺎﻱ 1ﺗﺎ 6ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ CIAﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﻗﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺳــﺎﺯﺩ .ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ: .1ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ 1 ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ .2ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﻪ. ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ1881ﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﻮﺋﻴﻨﻜــﺲ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻭﺁﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﻭﻱ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺗﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1906ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ) B.Aﻣﺨﻔﻒ :Bachelor of Artsﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴــﺎﻧﻲ( ﻭ ) M.Aﻣﺨﻔﻒ :Master of Artsﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﻴﺪ .ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 1907ﺗﺎ 1908ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﺯﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ 1909ﺗــﺎ 1911ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻫــﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 1911ﺗﺎ 1917ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸــﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺖ ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺖ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1923ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻟﮋﻳﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺴــﻜﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ 1924ﺗﺎ 1932ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1304/1925ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸــﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣــﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ .ﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸــﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﭘﻨﺴﻴﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ .ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 1925ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻤﺴــﺮﺵ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ )ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸــﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ،ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﻳﻞﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺴــﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕﻫﺎﻱ . 1ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺮﻭ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،ﺑﻲﺗﺎ ،ﺝ1 ﺗﺎ ،6ﺹ259ﻭ.333
105 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﺭﺑــﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1925ﺗﺎ ،1935ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1305/1926ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻏﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻟﻔﻴﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷــﺪ .ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ،ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻋﻜﺴــﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 1930ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻮ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ،ﺟﻠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺁﺳــﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ 2523) 1343ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﻰ( ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻧﺎﺯﻱﻫــﺎ ،ﭘﻮپ ﻣﺪﺭﺳــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺳــﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﺳــﻴﺲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺷﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ،ﺍﺳﻼﻡﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻧﮋﺍﺩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ،ﺯﺑﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ( ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻧﺴﻜﺮﻳﺖ ،ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ،ﻋﺒﺮﻱ ،ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ( ،ﺣﺒﺸﻲ، ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ،ﺗﺒﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻲ ،ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻫﻪ (1339-1349)1960ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1326/1947ﺑﻪ »ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ« ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷــﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1345ﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﺷــﻴﺮﺍﺯ( ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﺴــﺘﺎﻥ -ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻡﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﻯ -ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ .ﭘــﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘــﻮپ ﻭ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺨﺸــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ 1304ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﺰﻥ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﻫﺪﻑ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺮﺕ ،ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺸــﻒ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﻔﺮ ،ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻼ ،ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ً ﻼ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮپ ﺳــﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺩﻭﺳــﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ،ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺖ ﻋــﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳــﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴــﻪ ﺳــﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸــﺖ 1304ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻗﻠﻲ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ )ﺳــﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﻌﺪ( ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺴــﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻠﮕﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ،ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺻﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺭﺳــﭙﻪ ﺭﺋﻴــﺲ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﻏــﻲ )ﺫﻛﺎءﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ( ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳــﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻲ ،ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭﺗﺎﺵ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ،ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮﻧﻴﺎ )ﻣﺆﺗﻤﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ( ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ،ﺣﺴــﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ )ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻚ( ،ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮﻧﻴﺎ )ﻣﺸــﻴﺮﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ( ،ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎﺭﻱ )ﻣﺤﺘﺸﻢﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ( ،ﺳﻴﺪﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﻲﺯﺍﺩﻩ ،ﻋﻠﻲﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻗﻠﻲﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺲ ﻣﺮﻱ )ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ ً ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺪ( ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﺴــﭙﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻛﺘــﺮ ﺟﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﻳﺲ )ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ( ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻧﺶ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺛــﺮﻭﺕ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ،ﺑﻠﻜــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻫــﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻭﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻳــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ...ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﻣــﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴــﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ .ﺑــﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ،ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ
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ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ،1355 ،ﺹ13-14؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻮپ ﺭﻙ :ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.11-63 . 2ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،1379 ،ﺝ،5 ﺹ.778 . 3ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ،ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ،ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ »ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ« ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ.39-41
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ 1305/1926ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ، ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻟﻔﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﺮﻯ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻟﮕﺮﻣﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ،ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸــﻰ ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻰﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﻧﻬﺪ. ﭘﺲ ﺩﺭ 1307/1928ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ
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ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ. ﭘــﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺳــﻔﺮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺻﻨﺎﻳــﻊ )ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ( ﺧﺎﻭﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳــﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻇﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ» ،ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ« ﺗﺄﺳــﻴﺲ ﺷﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺼﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻋﻼء ،ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺪﮔﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺴــﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺁﻧﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﻮﮔﻴﻦ ،ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﺭﺳﺘﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ 2 ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺳﻮﺳﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ: ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺳــﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺭﺳــﭙﻪ ﺍﺛــﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ،ﭘﺴﺖﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ 3 ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ!
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﺗﺄﺳــﻴﺲ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ 2ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ 12 /1931ﺩﻯ 1309ﺩﺭ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻰ ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﮔﺸﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ 8ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻈﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻯ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ 100ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺵ ،ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺴــﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ 500 ،ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮﺭ، ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺷﻰء ﭼﻴﻨﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ .ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺱ ﺭﺿﻮﻯ ،ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ )ﻛﺎﺥ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ(، ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺻﻔﻰﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺩﺑﻴﻠﻰ ﻭ ...ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑُﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﻫﺮﺗﺴــﻔﻠﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ /ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ .ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ /1935ﻣﻬﺮ 1314ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺳﻦﭘﺘﺮﺯﺑﻮﺭگ ﻭ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻜﻮ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ 25ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻰء ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩﻫﺎ ،ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳــﻔﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﭘــﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﻫﻨﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ،ﺗﺄﺳــﻴﺲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ ،ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ ،ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘــﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟــﺐ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ 6ﺟﻠﺪﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻰ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ 1317-1318 /1938-1939ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳــﻞ /1960ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ 1339ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ -ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ،ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻟﻔﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ -ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ .ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺍﺯ 20ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ 70ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﮔﺸــﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷــﺪ .ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﺩﻭﻟــﺖ ﭘﻬﻠــﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﻯ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺑــﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ 60 ،1334ﺳــﻜﻪ ﻃﻼﻯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ 3ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺩﺭ 1335ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺳــﻤﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺴــﺘﻈﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ( ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ -ﻣﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ -ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ »ﺗﺎﺝ« ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ »ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮﻥ« ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ 1.ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ
109
ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ؛ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﺸﺖ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ
. 1ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺭﻙ :ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.77-83 . 2ﻋﺰﺕﺍﷲ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ،ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ، ،1376ﺹ.487
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ﭼﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﭘﻮپ ﭼﺎﺭﻟــﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺰ ﻧﻮﻳﺴــﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺴــﺖ ﺟﻠــﺪﻱﺍﺵ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻋﻠﻤــﻲ ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻲ ،ﭘﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪ .ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ، ﺑﻪ ﻭﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻯ ﭘﻮپ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺗﻴﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1317ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺧﺎﻥ ﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻯ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ 2 ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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) Current Biographyﺑﻴﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭼﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ،ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ،ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ...ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ،ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸــﻴﻨﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔــﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﺶ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ...ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1918ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺤــﻮﻩ ﺗﺸــﻮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺴــﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸــﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ...ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ 1919ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸــﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﻓﺮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﺵ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭﻱﺍﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ژﻭﺋﻦ 1920ﺑــﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ .ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑــﻮﺩ .ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷــﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺍﺯ 1923ﺗــﺎ 1924ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻩ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1934ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻴﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ 1925ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻤﺴــﺮﺵ ،ﺳﻔﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ )ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯ( ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺍﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪ ،ﭼﺎپ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ...ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ .ﺍﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻩﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳــﻲ ،ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ .ﺍﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ،ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﻤﻲ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1931ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1940ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩ ،ﺩﻭﻫﺰﺍﺭﻭﻫﺸﺘﺼﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ
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.1 Charles Moritz, Current Biography, The H. Wilson Company, New York, 1947, Volume 8, P 522-523.
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ .ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ،ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ﺳــﻲﻭﭼﻬﺎﺭﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ...ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻘﻮﻁ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺣﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺩﻭﻟــﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ، ﭘــﻮپ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳــﻮﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳــﺖ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻣــﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ...ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻱ )ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ( ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺍﻣﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ 1947ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻴﺴﺖﻭﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑــﻮﺩ ]ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ[. ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺍﻣﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ،ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ژﻧﺮﺍﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻡﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ .ﻋﺎﻟﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺗﺎﺝ( ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺴــﺮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ[ ،ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴــﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺵﺻﺤﺒــﺖ .ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮﺑــﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﭘﻴﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﮔﺮﻣﻲﺍﺵ ﻋﻜﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤــﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ 1 ﺣﺰﺏ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ.
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﻛﺘــﺮ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘــﻮپ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﮕﺎﺷــﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ: .1ﻣﻌﻤــﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ 1:ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺪﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. .2ﺷــﺎﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ 2:ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻫﻨــﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ :ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﺳــﻔﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻣﻔﺮﻏﻲ ،ﻧﻘﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ،ﮔﭻﺑﺮﻱ ،ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ، ﺳﻨﮓﺗﺮﺍﺷﻲ ،ﻣﻨﺒﺖﻛﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺟﻠﺪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ،ﺗﺬﻫﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﺑﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ،ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. .3ﺳــﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳــﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ 3:ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳــﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. 4 .4ﺁﺷــﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. .5ﺳﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ 5:ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻣﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. .6ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ 6:ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. .7ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ 7:ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮگ ﻭﻱ ،ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
. 1ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ :ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﺭ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺎﻥ.1373 ، . 2ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺷﺎﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﻳﺰ ﻧﺎﺗﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻠﺮﻱ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ.1380، . 3ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺳﻔﺎﻟﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ژﻳﻠﺒﺮﺕ ﺻﺪﻳﻖﭘﻮﺭ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ.1380 ، . 4ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ،ﺑﻲﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ. . 5ﺗﺎﻣﺲ ﺁﺭﻧﻮﻟﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ )ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ( ،ﺳﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺁژﻧﺪ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ، ﻣﻮﻟﻲ.1378 ، . 6ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺖﺍﷲ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻟﻲ ،ﺑﻲﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ. . 7ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ.
) A Survey of Persian Art .8ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ( 1:ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻛﺘــﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟــﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﭘﻮپ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺼﺪﻭﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺼﺖﻭﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺹ ﺯﺑﺮﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺸﺖﺳﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ1317 ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭼﺎپ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
113 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺩﻭ ﭼﺎپ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭼﺎپ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﺍﻟﻒ) A Survey of Persian Art, Soroush Press Tehran, 1977 .ﺩﺭ 15ﺟﻠﺪ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﺏ) A Survey of Persian Art, Asia Institute of Pahlavi University, 1964 .ﺩﺭ 16ﺟﻠﺪ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ(
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ،1304ﺗﺄﺳــﻴﺲ »ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ« ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴــﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻼ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺯﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﺨﺴﺮﻭ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻨﻲ ،ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ .ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ،ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ :ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ،ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ،ﺣﺴــﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺮﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ،ﺣﺴــﻦ ﺍﺳــﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎﺭﻱ ،ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻗﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﻌﺪ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺯﻳﻦ ،ﺍﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﺨﺴــﺮﻭ ﺷــﺎﻫﺮﺥ ،ﻣﻬﺪﻱﻗﻠﻲ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ،ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺴــﻨﻘﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﻨﺪ .ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ،ﺟﻠﺴــﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳــﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﻌﺪ ،ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺗﻴﺮ 1306ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ 1321ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺳــﻴﺰﺩﻩ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺆﺳــﺲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺕ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ ،ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﺤﺴــﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﻬﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺳــﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺴــﻮﻥ -ﺭﺋﻴﺲﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ -ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﮔﺸﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺩ :ﻳﻜﻲ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
114 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧــﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻳﻚﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺧﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ،ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷــﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻧﺴــﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﺷــﺪ .ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﺠﻮ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ، ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ،ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﻣﻲﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺷــﻤﺮﺩ :ﻧﻤﺎﻳــﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﻫﻨــﺮ ،ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ،ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ،ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ،ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱﻫــﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ،ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ،ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ،ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ،ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴــﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺷــﺪ؛ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺮ، ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻣﻮﺳــﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺕ ﭘﻴﺎﻧﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺸــﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺖ ،ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻌﺮ، ﺍﺩﺏ ،ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧــﮕﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳــﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺳــﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ،ﺷﻌﺮ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ. ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴــﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷــﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ -ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻃــﻼﻉ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻔــﻮﺫ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ، ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1339ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ،ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻟﻔﻴﺎ ،ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻭﻯ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮔﺶ ،ﺟﻨﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻭ )ﭘﻮپ(
115 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.72
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳــﭙﺎﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎﻍ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺯﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻕ ﭘﻞﺧﻮﺍﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻭ ،ﺳﻨﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ )ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺫﻛﺎءﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ( ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1348ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1349ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﺸــﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻡ .ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳــﺨﻨﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ژﺭﻑﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳــﺘﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺣﻖﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺧﻼﺹ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ، ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍﺳــﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺳــﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ،ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ،ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ 1 ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺍﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ )ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ: ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳــﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮﺵ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ...ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺘــﻦ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ،ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻚﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒــﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺟﻼﻝﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳﺸــﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ
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ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﻗﻄﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻗﺒﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻗﺒــﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ) 1969ﻫﺸــﺘﻢ ﺷــﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ (1348ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻦ ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩﻭﻫﺸﺖﺳــﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭﻱ »ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ،ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷــﺖ .ﺟﻨﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1355ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺁﻛﺮﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﻫﺮﺵ ﺩﻓﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﮔــﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺭﺗــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻠﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩ ،ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺴــﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻯ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺷــﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻜﺴــﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴــﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﮓ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﻏﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1304ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻱ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑــﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﻼﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺣﺘــﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﻮﺭﺑﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺩﻭﻟــﺖ ﻭﻗﺖ -ﻻﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮﻧﻲ! -ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﻭ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪﺟﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ،ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ: ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻟـﻴـﻪ ﺳــﻮﺍﺩ :ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻣــﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕﺧﺎﺭﺟــﻪ -ﻧﻤــﺮﻩ 21151ﻣﻮﺭﺧــﻪ 17ﺩﻱﻣﺎﻩ 1304ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ /ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ ...ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ، ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟـﻠﻴـﻠـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻟـﻴـﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﭗ ]ﭘﻮپ[ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ،ﻣﺒﺎﺷــﺮ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ،ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ
. 1ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ .84ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ: ﺳﺰﺩ ژﺭﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﮕﺮﻳـﺪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻫﻨﺮ ،ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺧﺘــــﻪ ﻣﻨﻢ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨـــــــﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺶ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﺭ ﺟﻬـــــــﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺮﺍ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﮕﺎﻩ... ...ﺯﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺷـــــﺎﻩ
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ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺍﺑﺘﻴﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ،ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷــﻮﺩ .ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗــﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﺷــﻌﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺗﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﺍ ً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎً ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ ...ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺯﺣﻤﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸــﺎﺭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺬﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ .ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻼﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻣﺘﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ً ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ) .ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ( ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ 1 ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
. 1ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ،ﺵ ،4ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ،1383ﺹ.323-326
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ،ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ: ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻭﺯﺭﺍ .ﻧﻤﺮﻩ .12357ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 3ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ 1304 ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻭﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴــﻪ 26ﺩﻱﻣﺎﻩ 1304ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ ) (42691ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﭗ ]ﭘﻮپ[ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ، ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﻪ ﺣﻘــﻮﻕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ .ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺮ ،ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻲ، ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ]ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺍﻣﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ[.
121 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺝ ﺑﺰﺭگ؛ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻱ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ،1388 ،ﺹ.60-61
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠــﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺣﻘــﻮﻕ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪﺟــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺴــﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻰ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﮔﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺩﺭﻯ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺯﺩﻯ ﻭ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﭘﻮپ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪ .ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﻧﺎﺭﺍ( ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ: ﭘﻮپ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ ،ﻃﻰ ﺗﻠﮕﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻬﺮ 1304ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷــﺖ» :ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷــﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧــﻲ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺁﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﭘﻮپ «.ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻲ ﺁﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻲﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ» :ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺗﻠﮕﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ً ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ «.ﺁﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩ: ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﻴــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧــﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻩ ﺑﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺣﻤﻞﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳــﻲﺍﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ...ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ )ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳــﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺯﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩﺷﺎﻥ ﺟﺰء ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ .ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳــﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ 1 ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﭘﻮپ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻣﻮﺋﻞ ﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﻣﻮﺭﻯ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ: ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟــﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑــﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌــﺎﺭﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻩ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ؛ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟــﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﺴــﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼــﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴــﺌﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ 1 ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ 14ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ 14ﺗﻴﺮ 1305ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻮپ ﺷﺪ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 15ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1305ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸــﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ...ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨــﻢ ،ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺼﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﺷﺪ ،ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 12000ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ
. 1ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.61
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. 1ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.62 . 2ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.58-59
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ 1 ﭘﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 800ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻰﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﻭﺍﻻﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﻯ ،ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻃﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﻣﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺳــﻤﻲ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻢ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺘﻢ .ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳــﻜﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺨــﺎﺫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎء ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﺑﺘــﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻤــﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻗﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺷــﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺍﺑﺮﻳﺸــﻤﻲ ﺯﺭﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑــﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﻲء ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﺒﺮﻛﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘــﻮپ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ،ﺩﺯﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺖ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻤﺮﻙ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻡ. ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻖ ﮔﻤﺮﻙ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪﻱﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﮔﻤﺮﻙ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ 2 ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺒﺬﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﭘﺮﺳــﺪ ﻛﻪ :ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻲء ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸــﺪﻧﺪ؟ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻰء ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃــﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣــﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ 26ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ 1304ﺟــﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ،ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺷــﻰء ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﮔﻤﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ 1304ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﺯ ﮔﻤﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﻑﺷﺪﻩ 1 ﻭ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ. ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮپ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 1304ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﻯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﭘﻮپ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺖ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ،ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ »ﺷــﺮﺍﻛﺖ« ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺩﺭﺷــﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ »ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﺎﻛﻲ!« 2ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ 25ﺁﺫﺭ 1304ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ .ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ: ﻫــﺮ ﭼــﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨــﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻰ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺵ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﺒﺮﻛﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﺜﻨﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﺖﻃﺎﻭﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻡ 3 ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺴــﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ 4 ﻫﻤﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭﺗﺎﺵ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ:
. 1ﻫﻤﺎﻥ. . 2ﺗﺮﻳﺎﻛﻲﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ،ﺹ 321ﻭ 346ﻭ ﺗﺮﻳﺎﻛﻲﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺡ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ )ﺩﺧﺘﺮﻡ ﻓﺮﺡ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﻪﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ، ،1382ﺹ (146ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ» :ﭘﺪﺭﻡ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺎﻙ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺸﺪ «.ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ )ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻢ( ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﻮ ،1371 ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ.280 . 3ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.67-68 . 4ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.65
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ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
. 1ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.70 . 2ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ .ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ 12000ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﻖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ .ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﺍﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ) .ﺷﺎﭘﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺎﻧﻰ ،ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺷﻤﻊ ،ﺑﻲﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺹ (123ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1319ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﺑﺠﻨﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻙ :ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻯ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ،1389 ،ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻫﻢ .ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎﻙﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻢ ،ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ 20ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺫﺭ 1349ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ 100ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﮔﻔﺖﻭﮔﻮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ )ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻢ( ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﻮ ،1371 ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ.276 . 3ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ،ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ،ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺨﺴﺖﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺪ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1328ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ .ﻭﻗﺘﻲﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ 1320ﻧﺨﺴﺖﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺪ ،ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﮔﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ .ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ) .ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ،ﺝ ،6ﺹ (4771ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ »ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻩ ،ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ .ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻲ ،ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ «.ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﺁﻳﺮﻣﻠﻮ؛ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ )ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺝﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ( ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺑﻪﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ،1381 ،ﺹ.87-88
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ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻮﺩﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ 1 ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻻﻻﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺿﺎﺷــﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ .ﺁﻳﺎ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻬﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻏﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ؟! 2ﭘــﻮپ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﻮﺷــﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺸــﺘﻨﺪ ،ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ! ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻰ)3ﻭﺯﻳﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻥ( ﻭ ﭘﺴــﺮﺵ ﻣﺤﺴــﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧــﺪ .ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻰ ﺩﺍﺩﻭﺳــﺘﺪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﻤــﻦ 1316ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺷﺪ: ﻣﺤﺴــﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ)ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ .ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺎﻟــﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ ﭘــﺪﺭﺵ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻰ ...ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﻮﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﭘﺴﺮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻡ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰﻫﺎ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻻﻻﻥ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻯ ﺑﺪﻟﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﻭﻯ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺰﺍﻓﻰ ﻣﻰﻓﺮﻭﺧﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ ،ﺑﻲﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺰ ،ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ» :ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ (1316 -1317) 1947ﺑﻴﺴﺖﻭﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﺪ!« ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻨﺴﻴﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﻟﺴــﻴﻦ ﻃﻰ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ 1310ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﭘــﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻪ ﻭ ژﻭﺋﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﺠــﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻳﻢ ،ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺁﺑﺎﺩ ]ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ[ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﺸــﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺪﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺸــﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﻭ ﻧﺒﻮﻍ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﻤﻦﺗﺮﺍﺷﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻨﺪ ﺩﻻﻻﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﻘــﻪ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ...ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻜــﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻫﻨﻢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺖ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷــﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ...ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ]ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ[ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ،ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻯ ﺗﻘﻠﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻰ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻘﻠﺒﻰ ﮔﻮﺍﻫــﻰ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻰﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺲ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺪﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴــﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺭﻡ .ﺍﻭ ﺷــﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻤﺮﺍﻫﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺸــﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺷــﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺳــﻒ 2 ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻴــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪﺍﺵ . 1ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.77-78 . 2ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻗﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺹ.86-87
127 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺍﺳﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻢ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ.355 . 2ﺭﻙ :ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﺒﺎ ،ﺹ.283 -287
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺷﺖ: ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣــﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ 1 ﻳﻚ ﺭﻫﺒﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ )ﺷﺎﻩ=ﺧﻮﺩﺵ( ﺍﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ، ﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ! ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﭘــﺪﺭﺵ ﻋﻄﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ ﺳــﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ! ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺷــﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺪﺍ ﺍﺳــﺖ :ﺍﺷــﺮﻑ )ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺷــﺎﻩ( ﻭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺵ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﻡ، ﺷﻤﺲ )ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺷﺎﻩ( ،ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺭﺿﺎ )ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻩ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺗﭙﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺮﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ .ﭘﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﭼﻪ ﺁﻣــﺪ! ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺎﻧﺶ، ﻭﻗﻴﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ: ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ! ﻭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺕﻫﺎ ﭘﺮ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷــﻴﺎﻱ 2 ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ. ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺯﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ،ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ،1357ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻳﺴــﺖ ﭼﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ -ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛــﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ -ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺡ ،ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺷــﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ،ﻻﺑﻪﻻﻱ ﭘﻮﺷــﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻤﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺟﺎ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻤﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺭﺳــﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻩﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﺒﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﭼﻤﺪﺍﻥ ،ﻓﻘﻂ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﭼﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
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ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﺯﻭﺝ »ﺗﺎﺝﺑﺎﺧﺘﻪ« ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ.
ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺩﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺯﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺸــﻢ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ، ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﺳــﺘﻲ ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺻﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﻏﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ 2 ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ،ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺹ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ 1326ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ: ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺪﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﺎﻫﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ .ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﻮﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻠﻴﺤﻀﺮﺕ ﺑ ُِﺒﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺍﻭ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺟﺰ ﭘﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﭻﭼﻴﺰ ﺳــﺮﺵ ﻧﻤﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﺎً ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﭻﭼﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﻭﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﻔﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤــﺎﻥ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﺩﺍﺷــﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻴﺮﺍﺯ ،ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﻫــﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺴﭙﻮﺯﻳﺴــﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1938ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﻬﺮﺗﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺮﺡ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺗﺤــﺖ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ Survey of Persian Artﻧﮕﺎﺷــﺖ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫــﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧــﺎﻡ Iranian Instituteﺩﺍﻳﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ،ﻛﺎﺳــﻪ ،ﻛﻮﺯﻩ ،ﻗﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺝ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ؛ ﻣﻲﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﻭﺧﺖ .ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧــﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﻳﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﺛﻤﻦ ﺑﺨــﺲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴــﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﺸــﺮﻕ
. 1ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻳﺖﺍﷲ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺧﻠﺨﺎﻟﻲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ،1382 ،ﺝ ،1ﺹ .264-269ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﭙﺎﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺸﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ. . 2ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﻨﻲ ،ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ،ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ.
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. 1ﺭﻙ :ﺧﺴﺮﻭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻃﻼﻳﻪ ،1367 ،ﺝ.1 . 2ﺳﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻏﻨﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ( ،ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﻨﻲ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺯﻭﺍﺭ ،1377 ،ﺝ ،3ﺹ.222-223
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ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳــﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻫﺮﻡ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳــﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗــﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺗﻲ -ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺷــﻜﺎﺭ -ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﻭﻟــﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ .ﻭﻱ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊﻭﺟﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳــﻢ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ »ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺁﺳــﻴﺎ« ﮔﺬﺍﺷــﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﺮﺏ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻓــﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴــﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ،ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷــﺎﺭﻻﺗﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻈﺎﻫــﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻴــﺮﻭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷــﺪ .ﻣﺮﺩﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺧﻮﺏ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ .ﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺁﻥﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﺮﺯﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴــﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻳﺨﺖ ،ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷــﺪ .ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺷــﺖ .ﺍﺣﺘﻼﻝ ]ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ[ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ]ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ[ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﺭﻭﺱﻫــﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ ]ﻋﻠﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ[ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﺸــﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ...ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻳﻚﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ .ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﻣﻮﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺣﺴــﻴﻦ ﻋﻼ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ ،ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ ،ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻴﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﻟﻮﻱ ﻫﻨﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ ،ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭﺳﻄﻲ ،ﺟﺪﺍ ً ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺪﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ. ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ 1ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﺩﻻﺭ ...ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻜﻮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ .ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ] ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﻟﻌﻞ[ ﻧﻬﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ .ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠﻴﺤﻀﺮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺷﻬﺪﺧﺖ ﺍﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ .ﺩﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ .ﺩﻳﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺟﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﻮﺷــﺖ) .ﺩﺭ 2 ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ( ﭘﺮﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻼﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻫﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ.
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
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ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﺳﻴﺎ( ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ. ﺳــﺎﻭﺍﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ،ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﭘﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺍﺳــﺖ -ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻓﺸﺎ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ -ﭘﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ،1340ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺷــﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺣﺴــﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺼــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭﻱ ،ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ)ﺱ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1343ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻣﺠﻠﺴــﻴﻦ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺮﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ 1343ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ )ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺌﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺗﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ( ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ 1.ﺁﻳﺎ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻧﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﺍﺩ؟! ﺳﺎﻭﺍﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ 1344/8/19ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻮپ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻃــﻼﻉ ،ﺑــﻪﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺍﻛﺮﻡ ﻣﻌــﺎﻑﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻧﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺝ ﺁﻟﻦ 2ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﭼﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ 39ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺶ ﺍﻟﻲ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺳــﻔﻴﺮ ﻭﻗــﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺳــﻔﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳــﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ]ﺣﺴــﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ[ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ
. 1ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ،ﮔﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺗﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺭﻙ :ﻣﻨﻴﮋﻩ ﺻﺪﺭﻱ، ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ. . 2ﺟﺮﺝ ﺁﻟﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ 1325 -1326 /1946 -1947ﻭ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻼء ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﺖﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺰﺑﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺪﺭ ﺣﺰﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ.
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. 1ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ 1287ﺩﺭ ﻳﺰﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ) .ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﺟﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (.ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ،ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﺭﻙ .1 :ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ،ﻫﻔﺖﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻣﻬﺮ )ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺭﺍﺋﻴﻦ( ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ، ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ1358 ،؛ .2ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ،ﭘﻴﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺮﻳﻤﻦ )ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ( ،ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﺴﺮﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ1371 ،؛ .3ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﺻﺎﻟﺢ؛ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻲ.1369 ،
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﺴــﺘﺮ ﭘــﻮپ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗــﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ،ﺷــﺶﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ 1ﻣﻼﻗــﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ )ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ( .ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺧﻮﺩ ،ﺳــﻔﻴﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺷﺮﻓﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻨﺼــﻮﺭ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴــﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳــﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ،ﻭﺍﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸــﺎﻩ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪ .ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺗﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻲﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ...
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ 1344/10/13ﺳﺎﻭﺍﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻮپ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ: ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴــﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ .ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣــﺎً ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺳــﻮﻡ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮﻗﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ]) [CIAﺳــﻴﺎ( ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳــﺎﻥ ﺩﻱﻣﺎﻩ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻩ[ ﺷﺮﻓﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ...
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ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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ﺳﺮﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻏﻤﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﮔﻠﻲ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻰ؛ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﺷﻮﻡ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺗﺴﻔﻠﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ 1312-1313 /1933 -1934ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸــﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﺷــﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺳــﻴﺪﻣﺤﻤﺪﺗﻘﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﻧﺴــﺖ ﻫﺮﺗﺴــﻔﻠﺪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧــﻲ ) (1879-1948ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ،ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﻜﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺻﻔﻪ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 30ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﺡ ﮔﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻴﺨﻲ ﻋﻴﻼﻣﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻯ 3ﺗﺎ 7 ﺳــﺎﻧﺖ ،ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻯ 2ﺗﺎ 6ﺳــﺎﻧﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻔﺘﻰ 1ﺗﺎ 2ﺳﺎﻧﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺶ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﺡ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﺡﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﮕﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺁﺏ ﻋﻴﻼﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟــﻮﺍﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺑــﺰﺭگ ) 486-522ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ( ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﻝ 509ﺗﺎ 494ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﻰ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻣــﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺱ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻧﭙﺨﺘﻪ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﺡﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳــﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻮﺭﺵ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﺍﺳــﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 330ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً 170ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻟﻮﺣﻪﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ،ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺗﺶﺳــﻮﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﺻﺪﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭘﺨﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻟﻮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﮔﻠﻰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸــﻒ ،ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﻃﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻘﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﺮﻗﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1314ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪ .ﻗﺴــﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺝ ﻛﺎﻣﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷــﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻟﺒــﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﺵ ﺳــﻨﮓﻫﺎ ،ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸــﻴﺪ ،ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ
135 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
. 1ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺗﻘﻰ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮﻯ ،ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ )ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ( ،ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ،1375 ،ﺹ-410 .409
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﺩﺭﻭﺩﮔﺮ ،ﻣﻨﺒﺖﻛﺎﺭ ،ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮ ،ﻣﺴــﮕﺮ ،ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺰﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ 1 ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸــﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕــﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺴــﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷــﻮﺩ. ﻛﺎﻣﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﺣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸــﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1327/1948ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻳﭽــﺎﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﻟﻮﻙ ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﺣﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻮﺣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﻜﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1348/1969ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸــﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﺪ .ﮔﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻰ ﻳﻚﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻗﺖﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1330/ 1951ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷــﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ 29ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ 10 /2004ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 1383ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﻳﺘﺮ،CNN ،CBS ، ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪﻥ 300ﻟﻮﺡ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻴﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺩﺭ 28ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ 300ﻟﻮﺡ ﮔﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ 70ﺳــﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻴﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ 300ﻟﻮﺡ ﺑﺨﺸــﻲ ﺍﺯ »ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1937ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ «.ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ،1383ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﻴﺼﺪ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ »ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﻴﺖ« ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ: ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ،ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺸــﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
136 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﺣــﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ 1 ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳــﺎﻧﺪﻱﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ،1979ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﺡﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻴﺪ :ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ 1333-1357 ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ،ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ؟! ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﺪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ »ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺿﺎﺷــﺎﻩ« ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻨﻲﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺗﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 1309-1319/1930 ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺨﺖﺟﻤﺸــﻴﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻏﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺳــﻮﺩﺟﻮﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﺭﻧﺴﺖ ﻫﺮﺗﺴﻔﻠﺪ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﻳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﺪ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺠﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺳــﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻪ ،ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ .ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﻕﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺴــﻮﺕ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺬﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸــﺶ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ 2 ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻏﺎﻓﻠﮕﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﭘﺲﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺍﺳــﺖ. ﺷﻮﺭﺑﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﻴﺴﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ . 1ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺷﻬﺒﺎﺯﻯ www.shahbazi.org .ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ :ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺳﻴﺼﺪ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﮔﻠﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺩﺍﺩ؟ 15ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ .1383ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻰ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ www.chn.irﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ 300ﻟﻮﺡ ﺩﺭ 17ﺗﻴﺮ 1383ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. . 2ﻫﻤﺎﻥ.
137 ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﻬﺎﻡ ﭘﻮپ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ
ﮔﺮﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ .ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ 1371/1992ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﺭﻳﺴــﻚ ﺣﻤﻼﺕ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺘﻰ« ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﻣﻰ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ،ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ /1997ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ 1376ﺑﻤﺒﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺖﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺸــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺡ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻤﺐﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪ .ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴــﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺍﺙ ﻛﺸﺘﻪﺷــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ،ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷــﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ .ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴــﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﭼﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸــﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭﻯ ﺷــﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﮔــﺮﺩﺩ .ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﻛﻮﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﻻﺑﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻧﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻰ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺮﺳــﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﮔﻮ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﺯﺩﻳﺪﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﺷﻮﻣﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺗﺴﻔﻠﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ »ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ« ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﻞ ﺷﺪ .ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﺑــﺰﺭگ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﺴــﺘﺎﻥ )ﺷــﻴﺮﺍﺯ( ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻜﺲﻫــﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮپ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ،ﻫﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮپ« ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ
ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ■ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ■ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ■ 28ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ 90
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