Constructing Environments ENVS 10003 Journal Submission Week 5
Structural Concepts b. Foundations & Footings i. Strip Footings: supports the load of the slab, and interior and exterior walls ii. Footings – concentric objects under the walls or columns that they support iii. Pad Footing – Vertical support and transfers building load to the ground iv. Concrete Blinding Piers – used for shallow footings (provides reinforcement) v. Bored Pier – extend into silt stone which is usually present due to trees in close proximity vi. Stumps – used as a subfloor {Holds up the floor frame} vii. Slab
a. Primary Structure (Horizontal and vertical) i. Roof Beam/Lintel Beam– Horizontal Roof Support ii. Purlins (horizontal) – Members that run horizontal along the rafters and transfer loads to the roof beam iii. Ceiling Joists iv. Rafters (vertical) – diagonal members and are supported by the purlins v. Column – (vertical) –Vertical structures that support the framework vi. Pergola Beam – Beams that span just like joists or rafters that have slightly curved ends
Josh Davis 641144
Constructing Environments ENVS 10003 Journal Submission Week 5 c.
Josh Davis 641144
Secondary Structure (Horizontal and vertical) i. Enclosure System – Prefabricated walls/precast panels which were premade and transported to the site, which involves embodied energy ii. Typical Steel PFC Beam to existing wall – parallel flange channel -‐ Mainly used for columns, lintels and floor joists iii. Clay brick anchoring – Anchors are used to prevent or minimize movement iv. Typical roof box gutter section
Structural Materials a) Lightweight concrete footing (SO6-‐1) – This material serves as a small strip of concrete that supports the larger loads which include exterior walls, interior walls that are load bearing and the slab. b) Structural concrete (SO6-‐1) – Precast concrete that has been manufactured as pretension and post-‐tensioned. In this case its purpose is to support and carry a structural load. c) Timber d) Steel – Used in many components of the constructing for purposes of reinforcement and provide strength e) Clay brick
Constructing Environments ENVS 10003 Journal Submission Week 5 FLOOR SYSTEMS
Josh Davis 641144
References: Ching, F., 2008. Building Construction Illustrated. 4th Edition. Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Constructing Environments ENVS 10003 Journal Submission Week 5
Josh Davis 641144
Structural Fittings -‐ Connect two or more structural elements together: o Bolts – link to cast in plates together (mostly stronger than welding) o Nails o Screws Environmental Sustainability & Economic Implications > Carbon footprint and embodied energy refer to the waste outputs and energy consumption throughout the manufacturing, shipping and installation of construction elements. > This includes construction and the operation of the building across it’s life
Building Operation Specifically relating to Queens College redevelopment, there are a number of large windows across the site. This results in the reduction in mass electricity use and therefore energy is conserved. Materials & Construction: - Concrete, reinforcing steel, timber, steel, powder filling, glass etc. The manufacturing of materials (above) involves the consumption of resources and it is often through energy consumption that these resources are manufactured into a material. E.g. manufacturing of prefabricated concrete cast The building construction itself will see embodied energy consumption and pollution of the natural environment. E.g. W elding
Recyclability There are materials such as rubber tiles , displayed in the buildings drawings which can be manufactured from used resources/materials. Economic Implications Expenses of a sustainable future are often high especially in terms of the materials & construction of the building. In the long term economic expenses may be reduced alongside the environmental impacts.