2,3Types of bottle necks

45 degree

30 degree

Designed with funnel shapped continous gaurdrail

60 degree blank control group extended gaurdrail

Optimal design columns obstacle broken gaurdrail convex shaped concave shaped funnel shaped design at 30 , 45 , 60 degrees

Extended and broken gaurdrail convex and cocave shaped design

Experiment participants and training

Partcipants were randomly queued in trial region Total no of pedestrian selected columns as an obstacle

Pedestrian have to enter the subway in regular pedestrian flow

Primary Datas to be collected from pedestrian to ensure the result were close to the reality

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3.4 RESULTANDANALYSIS

As per experiment pedestrian were concerned about efficiency ,safety and comfort

Efficiencyof subway

Passingtime

passing time trafficefficiency speed speed collision density

Time taken by a person to pass certain section in subway

Total passing time and individual passing time

Total passing time (T): Total time starting from the first pedestrian to last one to depature from the trial region.

T = tnd -tle tle = 1st pedestrian to enter from trial region tnd = 2nd last pedestrian ti ( individual passing time) pedestrian entering the trial region to the depature of these individual from trial region safe and comfort as per the quantitative analysis of pasing time of pedestrian to pass through the subway total passing time and average individual from trial region that was different under various measures

OUTPUT Subway design with broken gaurdrail and column as an obstacle had most significant positive effect on passing time lesser the passing time increase efficiency of pedestrian movement in subway

Trafficefficiency

Defined as the number of people within a unit width during the time interval

Efficiency(E): E = 3600/T x n/w = 3600/(tnd-tie) x n/w n = total number of pedestrian w= width of the exit

Output

Column on the left funnel at 45 deg column in mid cocave broken gaurd rail

Effective design if increase 10% it will significantly reduce traffic congestion in subway as per the quantitative analysis of Eficiency of pedestrian to pass through the subway

3.5 SPEED

One of the main parameter to decribe the pedestrian flow through space

Vi(t) = Wi(t)/t0 Wi(t) walking distance with the team

Vi(t) refers to the mean speed of pedestrian with in the durationof t(m/s) instantaneous velocity to reprocess the trajectory diagram

Output Result high speed dots in 45deg and 60deg funnel a more efficient than 30 deg tumnnel low speed dots are more in gaurdrail than broken gaurdrail in bottleneck corridor the amount of hig speed corridor are more in cocave than

By using quantitative analysis from gathered statistics walking speed and rate of mean change are compared with the blank control group broken gaurdrail had significant impact on improving pedestrian walking speed

3.6 Density

density refers to the ratio of the number of pedestrian to the area of experimental site , expressed as the number of people per sqare meter the cumulative densityof the observed area is derived from dividing the number of pedestrian by areas within the total time .

Diy represents the cumulated density of x* y area, Nit), represents the number of the pedestrians in the x* y area within the whole time, Si,, represents the area of the ey, to represents the start time, t represents the end time, Nt represents the number of the pedestrians in the area at a random time point t, and are the coordinates