Graduation Project_Classroom Furniture_NID by Kanika Meena

GRADUATION PROJECT CLASSROOM FURNITURE RANGE FOR TREVI SPONSOR : MADLAB, BANGLORE VOLUME : 1 OF 1 STUDENT : KANIKA MEENA PROGRAMME : B.DES FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE: Mr. C.S. SUSHANT

2016 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FACULTY (FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN)

National Institute of Design Ahmedabad

The Evaluation Jury recommends KANIKA MEENA for the B. Des. of the National Institute of Design IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN)

herewith, for the project titled "CLASSROOM FURNITURE RANGE FOR TREVI" on fulfilling the further requirements by

Chairman Members :

*Subsequent remarks regarding fulfilling the requirements :

Activity Chairperson, Education

Privacy Statement Sponspored by: MADLAB 102, 2nd main road, 1st block, Koramangala, Bangalore Copyright © National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmiited in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the copyright holder. B.Des, Furniture and Interior Design 2012-2016, National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad Edited and Designed by: Kanika Meena Guide: Mr. C.S. Sushant Printed in India by National Institute of Design

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ORIGINALITY STATEMENT I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and it contains no full or substantial copy of previously published material, or it does not even contain substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or final graduation of any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in this graduation project. Moreover I also declare that none of the concepts are borrowed or copied without due acknowledgement. I further declare that the intellectual content of this graduation project is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. This graduation project (or part of it) was not and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic course.

Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT I hereby grant the National Institute of Design the right to archive and to make available my graduation project/thesis/dissertation in whole or in part in the Institute’s Knowledge Management Centre in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act. I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my document or I have obtained permission to use copyright material.

Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank the National Institute of Design for the wonderful learning opportunities it provides for us, the students. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Ramesh Annapindi, Founder of MADLAB, for providing me with an opportunity to do my Degree project in MADLAB. With heartfel thanks, I acknowledge the co-operation of Anudeep, Anurag and Ezio who helped me in the process of my work and brought the sketches to life by rendering their skills. A concept can materialise only with the help of a supporting and encouraging group, Mr. Biraj Sarkar and Mr. Yatish provided me with wonderful guidance and encouragement through their feedbacks on practicality and market view of the designs. My heartfelt thanks to all those who worked relentlessly with me at MADLAB Shubham Singhai, Neha Thawali, Sarvishtha Yadav and Shuruthi B.S. I would also like to thank Mohit Rajora, Aroop Ratan Guha, Prakhar Kushwaha, Himanshu Chauhan and Kshitij Tambe for their feedback and suggestions and making it possible for me to finish my document. Thanks to my project guide, Mr. C.S. Sushanth for giving me the opportunity to work under his guidance and always helping me out when in confusion. My coordinator at NID, Mr. Pravinsinh Solanki, who guided me with his expert inputs whenever I needed any help from him. I thank God and my parents and siblings for always being supportive at each and every stage of my life. Last but not the least; I thank all my classmates & friends for their patience and support.

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About Guide Susanth C.S. is a faculty in the Industrial Design discipline. He graduated from NID in 1998 in Industrial Design; he specialised in Furniture Design. He started his career with NID’s Outreach Programmes and Consultancy Services in 1998 and joined as faculty member in the Furniture and Interior Design discipline in 2002. Susanth has worked on many projects in the areas of school furniture, coir composite furniture, bamboo products, and with various craft clusters in different parts of India. One of his core areas of interest is bamboo and its applications. He also heads the NID Centre for Bamboo Initiatives. He teaches in various disciplines, especially Design for Retail Experience and Furniture Design. He takes courses such as Design Representation, Retail Furniture and Fixture, System Design, Packaging, Materials and Process, and Model Making. He has participated in various national and international programmes such as the India Show in Ethiopia in May 2011 and AOTS-ENAI programme in Japan. He was an advisor at the International Design Workshop at National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan and had participated at the toy design workshop held at London in November 2010 and October 2011.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

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About NID National Institute of Design (NID) came into being 1961 as an autonomous institute for design with assistance from the Ford Foundation and the Sarabhai family. National Institute of Design (NID) is internationally acclaimed as one of the finest educational institutions in India for Industrial, Communication, Textile and IT Integrated (Experiential) Design. Apart from being the pioneer in design education in India, it has over the past six decades gained recognition as one of the foremost multi-disciplinary institutions in applied research, training, design consultancy services and outreach programmes. Established in 1961, NID is an autonomous institution under the aegis of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India and is recognized by the Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India as a Scientific & Industrial Research Organization. NID has been recognized as an Institute of National Importance after the bill in the parliament got passed on 18th august’2014. After which it grants Bachelor’s Degree, Master’s degree and Ph.d in Design. Numerous exchange programmes between various prestigious institutes across the world and NID have helped broaden the perspective of not only students but also the rest of the community.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

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Graduation project at NID The graduation project serves as the final carving in shaping of an NID student’s career as a Designer. A student during this project works on real time projects for a period of six months. This project aims at exposing individuals to the practicality in design education, expecting the students to work upon a project that would help them to implement the skills and knowledge they have gained as a student pursuing the Design course. It is a symbiotic relationship between the student and sponsoring industry, since the student is expected to apply his/her design skills, diversifying the design collection of the company or the sponsoring firm and the intern (or the student) gets a taste of his/her actual journey in the market, as a Designer. The degree project provides an experience to the student which is cherished by him/her throughout their lifetime. It proves to be instrumental as it enables the student to realize his/her own strengths and weaknesses. This helps him/her streamline his/her efforts and choose a particular area of interest. This provides the initial push needed to enter the world of design as a professional designer.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

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Furniture and Interior Design at NID The Furniture and Interior Design Programme provides an integrated approach to the design of furniture, interior objects and systems as part of one’s living and working habitat, while at the same time, striving to redefine the boundaries of such elements with a systems perspective. The Furniture Design discipline encourages the students to develop a strong foundation of basics, which facilitates anticipation of the future. The institute is able to achieve this with the help of a diverse pool of faculty, who brings academic knowledge and work experience to their instruction. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to develop self-made prototypes in order to test human and functional factors v/s aesthetics and use of materials. The students are expected to attain an understanding of a body of theoretical and practical knowledge and are trained to carry out design processes as a part of a team, as well as independently. Their understanding of the domain of design is demonstrated through measurable learning outcomes during the programme. Students are not only expected to complete specific courses but are also to develop critical and analytical abilities together with educational values that contribute to a lifelong learning attitude.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Non Disclosure agreement

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Preface A graduation project is the culmination of the professional education of a student at the National Institute of Design (NID). The project is the outcome of a six month long rigorous training in the industry and the realization of the student’s first complete official project concludes with a final ‘jury’. The project was an opportunity for the student (intern) to flex her muscles beyond the protected academic environment and have a taste of real-time situation in the corporation. It paves the path for life ahead as a designer and provides with the much needed confidence to work. The term of internship acted as a buffer, an eye-opener (showing the true picture and standing of the student in future as a designer) and also a skill enhancer. The choice of working on this project was guided by the idea of venturing into something new and challenging to put to use the academic skills acquired at the institute and gain some quality experience. The company had a lot of scope because its one of the first of its kind in the field, it also does not restrict itself to any particular area and adapts according to the project. The intern worked with MADLAB on collections of institutional furniture.

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Synopsis The Graduation Project brief was to research, design and develop a range of institutional furniture for a company called Trevi (Manufacturer and supplier of institutional furniture), who were looking to strengthen their current portfolio. This solution should fit well within a classroom, library, computer labs, cafeteria and hostels. Step 1- Research and study the existing market trends and identify the changes that have occured in the eduction sector (indian and international) to determine what is in demand and which areas were to be focused. Step 2 - Conceptualization, ideation and exploration that produce designs which are aesthetically appealing and can withstand indian institutes. The detailing stage involved design language, form, ergonomics, materials and added aesthetic features considering that the end process in mass production doesn’t create any problems. The constraint gave a lot of learning about the feasiblity of certain designs in the practical scenario. Finalizing the concepts, developing drawings, initial models and some 3D renders details were done.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

00 Contents 01

Introduction Project proposal 22 Timeline 23 Sponsor 24 Client 26 Stratergy for the project 38

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Research Competitors (indian market) 42 International trends 51 Indian colleges 56 International colleges 66 Constraints 71 Types of classroom layouts 72 Types of furniture 76 Joineries 82 Ergonomics 84

Design development

Redefined brief 94 Concept development 95 Initial explorations 96 Collection 1 104 Collection 2 136

Conclusion

Appendix

Bibliography

Explorations 164 Brochure 168

Bibliography 172 Image credits 174

Reflections 160

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

01 Introduction

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Project proposal Timeline Sponsor Client Stratergy for the project

.............22 .............23 .............24 .............26 .............38

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Project Proposal To design a range of institutional furniture targeting classroom spaces for students. The design solution should mainly use plywood and square section pipe as material and also focus on the quality of design in terms of aesthetics, functionality and mass manufacturing. The design is for strengthening the current portfolio of the company Trevi (institutional furniture manufacturer and supplier) Objective of the project 1. Understand the concept of collaborative learning with respect to Indian institutions. 2. Analyze the positioning of collaborative learning today and the future scope of it in India. 3. Explore a range of reasonable, comfortable and aesthetically unique furniture and identify the needs of the Indian students, teachers and their activities in an institution. 4. Create an experience for the students and staff through furniture which adds comfort and value to their lives. 5. Model ideas, gain feedback and come up with furniture range. 6. Gain experience, insights and understanding of working process in industry and with team. 7. Assist Trevi in becoming leaders in institutional furniture sector in India.

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Timeline March • Understanding project brief • Study of existing companies and their products

• Site visitsinstitutions • Guide visit

April

• Finalising designs for the second collection

• Explorations • Guide visit

May • Oppurtunity identification • Ergonomic study • Concept development

June

July

August

• Finalising designs for one collection

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Founder Mr. Ramesh Annapindi is an alumunus of CEPT, Ahmedabad and Art Center college of Design, USA, has a varied experience of over 15 years of working in the USA in designing for brands like OXO, HP, Logitech, Clorox, Kohler, Cepheid, Scorelogix and Disney. Product design, graphic design, concept development, sketching are few of his many skills. He has the ability to tackle problems in an unconventional way and looks at it from all kind of possible perspectives. He has also been a part of NID in the role of a visiting faculty. He has taught product design students and been a part of the jury panel as well.

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Sponsor MADLAB is an innovation and design firm based in India which has over 12 years of international experience. It focuses on ‘quality of work’ and hence only work on 4 projects a year. MADLAB believes in two things: Design Good products and Communicate them well. Their idea of a product is both physical and Digital. They have also used MAD thinking in optimising manufacturing, designing new businesses and in inventing new systems. COMPANY's VISION : It is a tool for Corporate/CEO’s / Entrepreneurs in imagining the future products. They conduct visioning exercises that helps their clients to picture opportunities ahead of them. They also helps entrepreneurs with designing the story and a product based narrative. It can be in form of prototypes, slides, animations, videos etc. Few of the clients with whom MADLAB has worked in the past are: KOHLER, DISNEY, CLOROX, HOF, LOGITECH, QUALITAS, etc.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

About Client Trevi is an institutional furniture company based in Bangalore. The owner, Mr. Vaibhav Dadha, has a rich experience in the furniture industry and wishes to use his expertise to improvise the condition of schools and colleges in India. Trevi has recently invested in the expansion of the factory. Trevi benefits majorly through the sale of hostel furniture. The company doesnot have an inhouse design team and outsource the designs. The company predominantly uses pre-laminated plwood as the material. Trevi aims at becoming India's leading institutional furniture company in the next five years. Trevi has supplied furniture for Manipal University, Jain University, NITTE, B-PAC (head office) and many more institutes. CONTACTVaibhav Dadha Electronic city post, Hosur road, Bangalore E-mail- Vaibhav@trevifurnitures.in

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TREVI's CURRENT PROJECTS

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Manipal university (Jaipur) Manipal University is situated in Jaipur and it is a multidisciplinary university which offers a variety of career options This shows that the campus requires a diverse range of furniture for different types of classrooms, library, physics lab, mess, canteen, computer lab, board room, admin, faculty room, guest house etc Classroom analysisThe classroom furniture gives the feeling of stability and durability but at the same time it restricts different teaching methods. The furniture is hard to move and reorganize and does not support collaborative learning. Furniture analysisCushioned chairs have been used for comfort. Under the table a shelf is provided for storage. Same chairs have been used in all 3 different classrooms and in both libraries as well with different upholstery.

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Manipal university (Jaipur) Office furniture analysisOffice chairs are being used in the conference room. Dark wood finish is used for the table. The furniture used in the images below for the laboratories is very simple and basic. Same basic structure is used for the table and the stools. The furniture looks organised. Computer lab furniture analysisThe furniture in the computer lab gives a very neat and clean view from the front by hiding all the wires and connections. The partition in between two computers helps in equally dividing and alotting the space for each student. The computer lab looks very structed and systematic. Mess, cafeteria and canteen furniture analysisDifferent type of plastic chairs are being utilized in the mess, cafeteria and canteen.

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

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image (1)

Jain university Reception furniture analysisTrevi has used the classic combination of dark wood finish with white in the reception area of Jain University, image (1) . The vertical and upright form of furniture apears very simple and elegant. Classroom layout analysisIn image (2) the classroom follows the traditional layout in which only one to one interaction is possible. There is enough space between each column and row. The layout cannot be changed and it does not support team. Classroom layout analysisThe seat in the center is hard to access if the other two seats are occupied. Plastic chairs are used. Faculty room analysisImage (3) comprises of the university's staffroom. It appears very structured and organised. Every faculty is allotted his/her own private space. Office chairs are used for comfort.

image (2)

image (3)

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

image (1)

NITTE Trevi has also done hostel and mess furniture for NITTE. Mess furniture analysisIn image (2) the furniture used gives a feeling of strength and stability but it is not aesthetically appealing and does not look comfortable to sit on. The furniture helps in keeping the area organised and less cluttered. The stool attached with the table can be rotated at the point where it is attached with the table. It can be moved under the table, this reduces the area of floor surface that is occupied and makes it easier for cleaning the room. Hostel furniture analysisThe furniture used for hostels (image 3)appears very neutral. The table has a drawer for storage. Everything apart from the chair follows a similar visual language in terms of material and colour, as a result the chair stands out.

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image (2)

image (3)

image (1)

B-PAC (Bangalore head office) Conference room furniture analysisTrevi manufactured the conference table in image (1) and outsourced the chairs. The furniture used in the B-PAC head office justifies the space. It is aesthetically appealing. The contrast in the finishes used for the table gives it a rich look. Reception furniture analysisThe finishes used in the reception area are same as the finishes used in the conference room which helps in creating a feel of continuity, visually. Workstationfurniture analysisThe workstation in image (3) are executed nicely. Each employee has his/her own personal space because of the use of partitions.There is a lot of storage space in the upper cabinets and shelves as well as under each table.

image (2)

image (3)

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

image (1)

Hostels of Manipal county & Jain Global Campus Hostel furniture analysisThe table, wardrobe and shelf used for Manipal county in image (1) has clean and uniform surfaces and is easy to clean. The light source under the overhead shelf would cast a shadow if used while studying on the table. The chair is not fit for use while studying. Hostel layout analysisThe furniture layout in image (2) and image (3) visually divides the space in 3 equal parts, one for each of the 3 students. Each student has his/her own overhead storage, plug points, table lamps etc.

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image (2)

image (3)

Details commonly used by Trevi

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Strategy for the project To strengthen the current portfolio of Trevi and develop a range of furniture which is easy for them to produce without investing in any new machineries. At the same time, working on a little more advanced range of furniture to be launched later which might require Trevi to expand their manufacturing skills and capabilities. Phase 1 - Research about what all is available in the Indian industry and the International industry. Figure out the trends and recognize similarities in the leading institutional companies. Determine the competitors in the institutional field, analyze their services and products. Study the different areas in an institution such as classrooms, libraries, computer labs, auditorium, mess/canteen etc. and the activities that happen there. Look at various Indian and International institutions and their teaching methods. Using the inferences and observations from the research to start exploring and finalizing the furniture in classrooms first and then moving on to libraries and other spaces. The focus is first on classrooms as most of the learning happens there and it is one of the crucial spaces in an institute. The completion of phase 1 should help Trevi in the growth and expansion of their business and help them in providing a better service to their current clients plus helping them in getting more clients. Phase 2 - After phase 1, design furniture that is more advanced and tech -friendly. Furniture that is more aesthetically appealing and ergonomically sound.

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Major spaces in an institution

Library

Auditorium

Classroom Mess

Laboratory Flap chair

Faculty room

Hostels

Single bench

Major furniture in a classroom

Double bench

Table-Chair Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

02 Research

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Competitors (Indian market) ...................42 International trends ...................51 Indian colleges ...................56 International colleges ...................66 Constraints ...................71 Types of classroom layouts ...................72 Types of furniture ...................76 Joineries ...................82 Ergonomics ...................84

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Competitors/Indian Market Featherlite Godrej Interio Dovetail Wipro Popcorn Online Suppliers

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http://www.featherlitefurniture.com/

Featherlite predominantly focuses on office and then the education sector. Sleek and minimal design with good aesthetics can be seen in the products.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

https://www.godrejinterio.com/Godrejinterio/index.aspx

Godrej Interio mainly focuses of home furniture and office furniture. But they also manufacture school furniture and a small section for colleges. Some of the school furniture has bag hooks. The furniture is not very tech-friendly.

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http://www.dovetail.in/

The main focus of the company is schools but they supply furniture to colleges too, they also manufacture furniture for homes. The furniture can be customized to a level. Aesthetically appealing furniture.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

http://www.wiprofurniturebusiness.com/

Wipro largely produces office furniture but they also deal with school and college furniture. The furniture is easy to maintain.

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http://www.popcornfurniture.com/

The company mostly supplies furniture for schools and have some designs for colleges as well. The furniture is stackable and portable to some extent. The company provides storage and colour options

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Online suppliers The furniture available online mostly follows a similar language aesthetically and also uses the same materials and finishes. Limited colour options. The furniture cannot be customized.

http://www.made-in-china.com/

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http://www.dukeschoolfurniture.com/college.html

http://www.chairwale.com/

http://www.classroomfurniture.in/

http://www.benchwala.com/

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

https://www.alibaba.com/

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http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/collegefurniture.html

International market Steelcase Herman Miller Paragon Artcobell Bretford Sedia Systems ABCO Enwork Fleetwood

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Parameters for

company analysis

Steelcase

Herman Miller

Paragon

Personal Storage

Bag hook, Tablet stand

Aesthetics

Yes

Personalisation

Storage, Whiteboard, Casters/glide, modesty panel

Adjustable heights, can add gadgets

Adjustable table height, Different size of table top

Comfort/Ergonomics

Lumber support, Cushioned seat and armrest, backrest flex, seat tilts

Yes

Handle integrated in backrest, Back rest flex

Installation

Yes

Value for money

Promotes interaction

Swivels and casters

Yes

Easy to clean

Yes

Tech-friendly

Plugs, Magnetic whiteboard, Lectern

Yes

Plugs, Tablet stand

Stackable

Yes

Choice of colour & material

Different patterns of fabrics and laminates, Plastic

Options for seats, tabletops etc.

Laminates, Leg finish, Edge finish, Paint, Plastic

Flexible layouts

Casters, form of the furniture

Castors

Yes

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Parameters for

Artcobell

Bretford

Sedia Systems

Personal Storage

Poly Translucent Book Box/ Wire Book Box/ Full Metal Book Box

Cup holder (optional)

Aesthetics

Yes

Modesty panel, Simple and clean language

Personalisation

Casters/Glides, Adjustable table height, edge option, privacy screen, bag hook, Marker board surface, Plug

Table top, Adjustable table height

Comfort/Ergonomics

Yes

Cushioned seat, Armrest, Lumber support

Cushioned seats, Lumber support

Installation

Yes

Value for money

Yes

Promotes interaction

Yes

Easy to clean

Yes

Tech-friendly

Table top, Adjustable table height

Plugs integrated in tables

Stackable

Yes

Choice of colour & material

Plastic or plywood table top, whiteboard top, Laminate

Laminates, Plastic, Paint, Fabric, edge finish

Paint, Fabric, Edge finish, Laminate

Flexible layouts

Variety of table tops that tessellate with eachother

Yes

company analysis

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Parameters for

company analysis

ABCO

Enwork

Fleetwood

Personal Storage

Shelf under table top

Aesthetics

Straight and simple form, well allocated curves and fillets

Yes

Personalisation

Can choose attachments like plugs, keyboard pad

Adjustable table height

Comfort/Ergonomics

No ingress or egress issue, easily movable

Lectern, No hindrance for legs, Monitor riser

Installation

Yes

Value for money

Provides premium facilities in less price

Yes

Promotes interaction

Can adjust height, clip attachment on

Yes

Easy to clean

Yes

Tech-friendly

Plugs attached to the tables

Concealed horizontal and vertical electrical distribution

Plugs on table top

Stackable

Yes

Choice of colour & material

Various tabletop colours, materials and finishes

Laminates, Veneer, Edge finish, Paint, Cambria quartz

Laminates and veneer

Flexible layouts

Movable chairs and tables to rearrange

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Inferences/Observations (Companies) The International market is providing furniture which is more customizable. It can be personalized easily, a lot of colours, materials and finish variations can be seen and different attachments/ furniture accessories are also available. The furniture is easily movable which helps in providing flexible dynamic classroom experience. It is aesthetically appealing , durable, comfortable and ergonomic. It is tech friendly. Most of the international companies are repurposing the existing range of office furniture to serve institutional spaces. The furniture in the Indian market is not as movable and hence, does not support collaborative learning. Colour and material options are limited. Very few furniture pieces are tech-friendly.

Keywords Flexible classroom Aesthetics Tech friendly Stackability Ergonomic Personalized furniture - variety of colour, material, finishes, accessories

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Classroom layout analysis (Indian Institutions) Site Visits Gargi College BVVULMIM Kendriya Vidhalaya Secondary research JIIT Amity university NMIMS DAIICT Lovely Professional University Tata Institute of Social Sciences

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Gargi College (Delhi University) The classroom looks cluttered, the furniture is hard to organize and is not group work friendly. Storage is provided under the table. Not enough space between rows. One to one interaction is not possible. The space is not aesthetically appealing. The furniture is difficult to rearrange, maintain and clean. Layout cannot be changed (Only traditional layout possible). Material used- Wood, Mild steel and perforated sheet

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

BVVULM Institute of Management (Delhi) The classroom layout does not support collaborative learning. The layout cannot be changed because the furniture is hard to move. Storage is provided under the seats (hard to access). The chairs are uncomfortable to sit on for a longer time period. Interactive surface- white board and a movable white board with a magnetic duster. Materials used- Bent plywood, plywood, Mild steel pipe, Wire mesh and foam.

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Kendriya Vidyalaya (Delhi) The classroom layout cannot be changed due to the lack of space and the immobility of the furniture. Storage is provided under the writing surface. Teacher's furniture does not follow the same language as the rest of the class, not aesthetically appealing. Slight slant in the writing surface can be seen for better comfort. Materials used-Laminated plywood, square metal pipe.

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Parameters for

classroom analysis

JIIT

Amity University

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive

Display & Interactive surfaces

Whiteboard/Blackboard

Whiteboard acts a the projector Screens Soft board on side walls

Learning Modes

Non collaborative, Rigid traditional layout, thus only private or self learning mode

Not group work friendly, Private or self learning mode

Comfort

Rigid uncomfortable metal benches

Upholstered chair, Difficult ingress and egress due to less space between two tables

Flexibility of layouts

No change in layout is possible, Cluttered classroom

Layout cannot be changed

Storage

No storage space

Storage under table

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Metal benches with laminated plywood tablet

Plywood table with upholestered chairs

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Parameters for classroom analysis

NMIMS

DAIICT

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive, higher platform for teacher

Other students can be obtrusive

Display & Interactive surfaces

Whiteboard

Black board/whiteboard

Learning Modes

Non collaborative

Not group work friendly, Rigid traditional layout, thus only private or self learning mode

Comfort

Fixed distance between seat and writing surface, Immobile furniture

Flexibility of layouts

No change in layout is possible

Fixed furniture, Layout cannot be changed

Storage

Desks with shelves

No storage space

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Laminated Plywood with metal

Plywood and metal

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Parameters for

classroom analysis

Lovely Professional University

Tata Institute of Social Sciences

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive

Display & Interactive surfaces

Whiteboard

Blackboard, Soft board on walls

Learning Modes

Non collaborative, Rigid traditional layout

Not group work friendly, Private or self learning mode

Comfort

Hard to access seats in the middle and at the back

Rigid, uncomfortable seats

Flexibility of layouts

No change in layout is possible, Cluttered classroom

Layout cannot be changed

Storage

Storage under the seat

Storage under seat

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Bent ply seat with metal legs

Wooden frame with plastic weave and metal frame with a plywood flap

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Parameters for classroom analysis

Christ University

JUIT

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive

Better visibility because of rising floor

Display & Interactive surfaces

Projector Screens

Blackboards

Learning Modes

Current layout is not group work friendly

No other learning mode possible

Comfort

Hard to access the seats in the corners

Fixed distance between chair and table Hard to access the seats in the middle

Flexibility of layouts

Fixed layout

No change in the layout, furniture fixed

Storage

Under the table

Storage space under the table

Tech integration

No integration

No tech integration

Material

Plywood with metal frame for the table and perforated sheet for the chair(ii)

Laminated plywood with metal frame

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Classroom layout analysis (International Colleges) Secondary research Standford University Richland College University of California MIT Melbourne University Monash University

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Parameters for classroom analysis

Standford University

Richland College

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive, Some students have turn back to see the teacher and screen

Some students have turn back to see the teacher

Display & Interactive surfaces

Projector screen, Soft board on walls

Projector Screens on 3 walls Movable whiteboards

Learning Modes

Group, collaborative

Comfort

Easy ingress & egress

Chairs with castors help moving around

Flexibility of layouts

Easy to change layouts (movable table and chair)

Easy to change the layout as there’s a lot of free space and movable furniture

Storage

No storage space

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Laminated Plywood and metal tables, Plastic chairs with cushioned seating and metals legs

Laminated Plywood and metal tables, Upholstered office chairs

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Parameters for

classroom analysis

University of California

MIT (USA)

Visibility

Other students can be obtrusive

Clear visibility

Display & Interactive surfaces

Projector screen, Sliding balckboards

Black board, Projector screen

Learning Modes

Only one to one interaction possible

Not group work friendly

Comfort

Fixed distance between seat and writing surface

Flexibility of layouts

No change in layout is possible

Fixed furniture

Storage

No storage space

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Laminated Plywood writing surface with metal legs, Plastic seats

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Plywood and metal tables, Upholstered office chairs

Parameters for classroom analysis

Melbourne University

Monash University

Visibility

Obstruction taken care by rotating the chair

Less obstruction due to the gap between tables

Display & Interactive surfaces

Whiteboards Projector screens

Whiteboard, Projector screen

Learning Modes

Group, collaborative

Not so group work friendly

Comfort

Easy ingress & egress (office chairs)

Cushioned chairs but no castors

Flexibility of layouts

Easy to change layouts (movable table and chair)

Easy to change the layout as there’s a lot of free space and movable furniture

Storage

No storage space

Tech integration

No tech integration

Material

Upholstered office chair, Laminated plywood and metal legs

Upholstered back and seat Laminated plywood and metal legs

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Inferences/Observations (Institutions) The International institutions are moving away from traditional classroom layouts and becoming more interactive and conducive to collaborative learning. The furniture has castors and is easy to move, hence the layout can be changed easily according to the requirement of the teaching mode. The furniture is ergonomic, comfortable and customizable. The Indian institutions still follow the traditional classroom layouts. The issue of accommodating more and more students in lesser space still exists which restricts different layouts and learning modes. The furniture is hard to move and shift and hence, the layout only supports one to one interaction and cannot be converted to group work friendly arrangement. The classrooms and the furniture does not support interaction and collaborative studies. A classroom space and furniture is used for various different activities which are reading, writing, discussions, group work, using laptop, having lunch, cleaning and arranging

Keywords Interactive Comfortable

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Collaborative learning Customizable

Movable furniture

Design parameters/ Constraints • • • •

The institutional furniture should be within the manufacturing capabilities of the client (Trevi). The materials to be used are plywood and square metal pipe. Simple joinery details and fixtures, preferably use Trevi's current joineries. Chair seat/shell to be outsourced and ence design just the structure/ legs.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Types of classroom layouts A classroom can be arranged in various layouts depending on the teaching methods. Each layout has its own advantages and constraints. The major classroom furniture arrangements are listed belowTraditional classroom U shape V shape Herringbone Informal Cabaret

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Informal Layouts Informal layouts are organic in terms of furniture arrangement. The classroom images in the right shows a few examples of different informal classroom layouts. These layouts are group friendly, support team work and collaborative learning. Informal layouts promotes interaction. The same furniture can be used to create different table arrangements according to the number of students in a group. Teacher can interact with each one of the students without hinderance. Learning happens from every direction. No fixed place for teacher. The furniture used is easy to move and is light in weight. It can have castors to ease mobility.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Traditional Layouts Traditional layout variations can be seen in the images in the right. These layouts are very structured and organised. Only one to one interaction is possible with the teacher. In traditional layouts the teacher's table is in the front and his/her movement is restricted. The furnitures used in the traditional layout does not support any other arrangement or teaching methods. The furniture is hard to move. Traditional classroom layouts do not support interaction among students. Learning happens only from the teacher. These layouts can have visibilty issues for the students sitting in the back.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Types of furniture Solid furniture Knock down furniture Foldable furniture DIY furniture Stackable furniture

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Ready to use furniture Solid furniture is a kind of furniture which has fixed joineries and structure. It is one single furniture piece and does not have different parts and elements. Advantages• Strong • Lasts longer • Stable • Aesthetically appealing • Customizable Disadvantages• hard to transport • hard to shift and move around • heavy • expensive • if damaged parts cannot be replaced

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Knock down furniture Knock down furniture is a kind of furniture which can be kept in parts or flat packed or folded and is ready to be assembled and hence, also known as Ready to assemble furniture (RTA) or flat pack furniture. AdvantagesIt is convenient and less costly to transport and deliver. It is easier to pack. It requires less space to store. Damaged or broken parts can be easily replaced It can be shifted several times without affecting its structural stability. Can be stacked. Can be assembled or disassembled easily using basic tools. Can be customised to a limit. DisadvantagesJoineries can get lose if assesmbled and dismantled too many times. Needs to be put together by buyer Not as durable as ready to use furniture

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Foldable furniture Foldable furniture is a type of furniture which is capable of collapsing or bending or stacking. AdvantagesGreat for small places compact and functional Easy to store when not in use Not very expensive, affordable Easy to transport and move around Lot of colour and material options Single furniture can be used for various purposes Weighs less DisadvantagesContinuous folding and unfolding can affect furnishings

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

DIY furniture Do It Yourself is the process of building, modifying, or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals. AdvantagesReuse and recycle of material, sustainable Customizable Skill advancement Saves money on labour and professional fees. DisadvantagesTime consuming No warranty

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Stackable furniture Furniture which is capable of being stacked/ heaped if called stackable furniture. AdvantagesSpace saving Economical for transportation Easy to clean the floor if stacked Material and colour variations DisadvantagesThe finish might wear off because of constant stacking.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Joineries and hardware Joinery is a part of making a furniture that involves joining together pieces of timber, metal and different materials to produce a structure. A variety of joineries are available in the market. Now a days glides and furniture shoes are available which prevent scratching on the floor and reduce noise while moving the furniture. Adjustable glides is an economic leveling solution for tables. Glides that permanently removes table wobble by automatically adjusting itself to an uneven floor are also easily accessible and are called Self leveling glides. Metal braces and brackets are also available. They are easy to assemble or dismantle furniture. These metal braces and brackets are manufactured in a variety of sizes, finishes and shapes like corner angle bracket, flat mending bracket, angle bracket etc. Steel tube connection system links together a no. of tubes without welding and grinding. It is an economical way of putting together metal pipes. Any assembly can be dismantled and rebuilt using the same connectors and tubes.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Ergonomics and anthropometry Ergonomics is the study of the relationship between people, their physical environment and the equipment that they use. In the institutional spaces, tables and chairs (different types of seating) are the most commonly used furniture and hence, should be comfortable and ergonomic. The furniture should be designed accordingly.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Ergonomics for furniture The chair should provide good lumbar support to maintain a natural curvature of the back and a good working posture. Ergonomists are unanimous on the need to provide back support at the lumbar hollow in order to minimize the tendency to slump in posture. High backrests are acceptable, provided the lumbar area protrudes clearly beyond the rest of the surface. Otherwise, contact higher up the back occurs first and prevents significant pressure being applied in the lumbar area. The sole of the foot should be flat on the ground while seating on a chair. Forearms should be at an angle of 90 degrees from the table top, this automatically hold the back straight. There should be sufficient room under the desk for the legs to move and stretch freely. Obstructions can restrict the ability of the user to sit closer to the edge of the desk.

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Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

There are two educations. One should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live. -John Adams

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Learning spaces Space, whether physical or virtual, have asignificant impact on learning. Spaces like hotels, offices are changing from being formal and to more casual/relaxed and homely. Learning spaces needs a transformation in a similar manner. The aesthetics of learning spaces impact brain function and influence how students feel when they're in school. The physical surroundings of a students acts as a third teacher. The idea of uncomfortable and non appealing furniture to be used in the classrooms for the students to make them more attentive is becoming archaic. Collaborative work environments and the incorporation of technology are changing the design of learning spaces. Instead of the traditional classroom layouts and furniture, more oraganic and collaborative arrangements and furniture are promoted nowadays, the change be seen mostly in international institutes. The spaces and the furniture are being designed in a way that it creates an atmosphere of teamwork. The inclination is towards making spaces more comfortable and homely, aesthetically pleasing, the simple notion is that classrooms can be a space students feel at home. Comfortable and visually appealing spaces and furniture acts as an enthusiastic promoter for the students.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Collaborative learning Collaborative learning is the idea of teaching and learning through group work and discussions. It involves working and ideating together to solve a problem or to create or redesign something. Collaborative learning can be among just two students or within a smaller or larger group. It can take variety of forms. Working together increases learning outcomes. Students can at times teach and explain eathother in ways teachers might not be able to. Through collaborative learning the students are not only learning and gaining more knowledge but it also teaches and incorporates the qualities of communication skills, teamwork and relationship management which helps them further in their lives. It aslo guides them to work with different kind of people and function well in the process. It is a very efficient way for students to learn. Basic skills of collaboration are similar to that of communication skills and are best absorbed by younger childrenwho can build on the skills as they grow. The skills are to be able to simply join in, listening to what other have to say and encouraging others to speak up, being able to express your opinion, following directions, asking for help. It also teaches students how to give and recieve a compliment and constructive criticism and discussing a disagreement until they can come to an agreement.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Cooperative learning Cooperative learning is a developed and modified type of collaborative learning. It is also a type of learning which requires students to work in a group and it promotes team work. It often happens that while working in a group of students only few of the members do the entire work whereas the rest of the members are sitting idle and they are rewarded on the success of the entire group. In this situation it cannot be said that all of the students are learning. In order to avoid the above mentioned situation cooperative learning is used where each member of the group is assigned a particular task and after finishing it he/she is required to share and teach the information he/ she has learned with the rest of the group. Here the students are not only rewarded bases on the success of the entire group but are also individually accountable for their own work. Collaborative learning is teaches students how to socialise, handle conflicts and cooperate with other. Five elements that define cooperative learningFace to face interaction Positive interdependence Individual accountability Collaborative skills Group processing

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

03 Design Development

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Redefined brief ......................94 Concept development ......................95 Initial explorations ......................96 Collection 1 ....................104 Collection 2 ....................130

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Redefined brief To design a range of knock down furniture for classrooms to be used in classroom spaces which can be manufactured by the client in order to strengthen clients current portfolio. The furniture should majorly use the materials specified by the client which were plywood and square pipe. The characteristcs of the furniture to be designedDurable Functional Aesthics Knock down Easy to assemble/Install Comfortable Make a brochure/portfolio for the clients current products.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Concept development While doing research, a few areas in the current institutional furniture design were identified which needed improvement. Keeping this in mind concepts were developed to include certain additional features. The institutional furniture was sought to incorporate modularity, have options of customization so that personalization can be done as per need. Furthermore, the furniture’s aesthetic appeal, comfort and adaptability to Indian classroom scenario were focused on. The materials specified by the client were plywood and square pipe. Using these materials the goal was to make the furniture affordable, easy to mass produce, easy to maintain and simple to install.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Initial exploration (Sketches)

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Tables (Plywood) A range of differently cut plywood, tables was explored. Different the structures and aesthetics produced by various forms and cut outs. Also if manufactured which designs would waste material and add to the manufacturing cost. Lipping/edge banding on the inner side cannot be done. Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Table (Metal+ply legs) Combination of plywood and metal was explored in tables. This integration of materials provides a lot of variations. Every structure having its own identity and form. Each of these variations were sub divided and explored further.

Madlab | Classroom furniture range 2016

Tables (Metal legs) Square metal pipe as legs was explored and plywood as table top. Exploring legs with different alignments and angles brought different meaning and form language.The selected table was further explored. Concept taken foreward and explored further

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

Chair A range of furniture was explored with metal legs and plywood table top. Each exploration had its own identity and form. Concept taken foreward and explored further

100

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Double attached A range of classroom benches was explored. In the concept taken forward the seat becomes the storage for the student seating on it. The developed concept has the writing surface for the student sitting behind it.

Concept taken foreward and explored further

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101

Single bench A range of furniture was explored with metal legs and plywood table top. The

102

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Flap chair A variety of concepts and structures were developed using plywood and metal. The concept taken forward supports the flap which prevents it from getting lose because of regular use. Concept taken foreward and explored further

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103

Collection 1

104

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Table-Chair 1+1 Attached 2+2 attached Flap chair

Final Table Table The table in this collection has a very strong and stable structure which looks very simple and elegant. Breaking away from the symmetery that is commonly seen in classroom furniture. The table was designed such that it could be transported in parts and assembled directly at the site easily. The table was mainly divided into two parts- table top which is made from pre-laminated plywood and a metal frame which is made of square pipe. Space while transportsation can be saved by diagonally stacking the metal frame and stacking the table tops separately. The table can be assembled easily using screws. The metal frame is entirely welded for strength and longer life span of the furniture.

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105

Explorations of Final Table

106

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Explorations of Final Table

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107

Final Table

108

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The table’s metal structure can be diagonally stacked for saving space while transporting.

Metal member at the back of table top to prevent stationery from falling off to the other side.

Exploded view

Back view Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

109

110

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111

Final Chair Chair The next furniture in the collection is a single bench. It has a stable structure and enough writing surface is provided. The tie member in the front also serves a foot rest for the student. It has a very simple and continuous metal frame. The metal frame can be stacked for transportation.

112

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Chair sketch

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113

Final Chair

114

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115

Single Single bench

bench The next furniture in the collection is a single bench. It has a stable structure and enough writing surface is provided. The tie member in the front also serves a foot rest for the student. It has a very simple and continuous metal frame. The metal frame can be stacked for transportation.

116

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117

Final Single bench

118

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The metal structure can be diagonally stacked for saving space while transporting.

Exploded view

Back view

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119

120

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121

Double bench

Moving forward with the collection, the next furniture is the double bench. The double bench with the seating surface in the front and the writing surface at the back eases ingress and egress. This also gives more freedom in terms of space. Th bench also solves the problem of storage of bags. The seat is extended from the back (under table top) in order to provide storage for bags, books etc. To prevent falling of things to the other side, a metal member was added at the end of the storage.

122

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123

Final Double bench

124

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Colour option

Back view

Slightly raised backrest to avoid stationary from falling off to the other side.

Metal member at the end of seat to prevent bags from falling off to the other side.

Kanika Meena | Furniture and Interior Design | NID 2016

125

The metal structure can be diagonally stacked for saving space while transporting.

Exploded views 126

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127

128

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129

Flap chair The next furniture in line is the Flap chair/Tablet chair. The flap chair was designed keeping in mind the regular movement and usage of the flap which eventually leads to a non stable and lose writing surface. The flap/ writing surface in this flap chair is supported at both ends.The pressure while using the flap gets transferred to the metal frame which ensures a longer life span for the furniture.

130

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131

Final Flap chair

132

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Exploded view

Back view

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133

134

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135

Collection 2

136

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Modular furniture

Modular furniture This helps in develop a range of design options Streamlines process and inventory. Personalization with unique furniture and colors. This range three major parts1. Frame 2. Table top/ Seat 3. Legs These three pieces when put together build a beautiful furniture piece. This range is not only aesthically pleasing but also stable and strong structurally. It is light in weight, easy to transport and shift.

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137

Table frame explorations

138

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139

Final Table

140

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141

142

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143

144

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145

Final Table

146

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147

148

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149

Modular Chair In the modular range the next furniture is the chair having a similar rod frames as the modular tables. A variety of frames, seats and legs were explored for chairs. Every frame having its own form and aesthetics.

150

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151

Chair frame explorations

152

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153

Final chair 1

154

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155

Final chair 2

156

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157

158

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159

04 Conclusion

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Reflections The project was truly a great learning and an enriching experience. It also acted as an exposure to the working life of a designer. It furthermore created an understanding of maintaining the balance between what is benefitial/best of the client and the need of the user. The project built a nice understanding of what all to keep in mind while designing for institutions such as the strength and stability of the furniture, avoiding adding complexities keeping in mind the manufacturing process but also not neglecting the aesthetics. The freedom offered to design helped very postively to come up with many other concepts and directions which were not explored further but was very self satisfying. me. It was a good opportunity to work in office environment and with a team and get a real life exposure to the industry. Experiences, advices and criticism from people around helped alot to grow in thought process and in gaining knowledge. The knowledge gained over the years at NID was implemented into the field of furniture design and manufacturing. Both, the academic knowledge and industrial experience helped me prepare myself to take the final step into the real world.

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05 Appendix

162

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Explorations ......................94 Brochure ......................95

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163

Explorations

164

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Brochure

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ACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS

Office Table Series

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 1800mm

Designed for Student’s life, Customized for you.

Executive Office Table (OCT 001)

Sturdiness and grandeur are the gems of this table. It gives and executive meaning to the office.

OCT 001

Executive Office Table (OCT 002)

This is an all-purpose table that consists of different parts that can be used in different ways.

OCT 002

Length

: 1800mm

Executive Office Table

Breadth : 900mm Height

(OCT 003)

: 450mm

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 900mm Height

: 450mm

OCT 003

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Executive Office Table (OCT 004)

This unique piece has a storage right next to the user that allows easy access.

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 900mm Height

: 450mm

OCT 005

Executive Office Table (OCT 005)

Storage and spaciousness are two factors that define this piece.

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 900mm Height

: 450mm

OCT 004

OCT 008

Executive Office Table (OCT 006)

Length

Office Table

: 1800mm

(OCT 008)

Breadth : 900mm Height

: 450mm

OCT 006

This L shaped table is a perfect combination of elegance and stability. It also has sufficient storage under it.

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 1800mm

Office Table (OCT 009)

Length

This office table is simple and clean. Its beauty lies in consisting minimum number of surfaces required.

Height

: 1800mm

Breadth : 600mm : 1800mm

OCT 009 Executive Office Table (OCT 007)

This table reduces the requirement for a storage piece as it has places to store on either side.

Office Table Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 900mm Height

: 450mm

OCT 007

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(OCT 010)

This is H-shaped table provides the user with his/her own niche to work in. It has enough storage and room for customization.

Length

: 1800mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 1800mm

OCT 010

Designed for Student’s life, Customized for you.

Computer Table With Partition (LBD 001)

0 Length

: 900mm

Breadth : 600mm

This table provides students with their own private corner and the partition reduces visual chaos.

Height

: 750mm

LBD 001

LBD

LBD 003

LBD 002

LBD 005

M AT E R I A L A N D F I N I S H E S ABC range of neutral colours…………

LAMINATES WHITE-XYZ

GREEN-XYZ

MATERIAL-Plywood FINISH- Laminate

BLACK-XYZ

Computer Table (LBD 002) Unique legs and form with a clean surface on top give this table a classy look.

Length

: 900mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 750mm

Computer Table With Partition (LBD 003)

Length

: 900mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 750mm

Computer Table (LBD 004)

Length

: 900mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 750mm

Computer Table With Partition (LBD 005)

This table with clean aesthetics helps the place look bigger and less cluttered.

YELLOW-XYZ

LIGHT TURQUOISEXYZ

ORANGE-XYZ

BLUE-XYZ

RED-XYZ

METAL FINISHES Length

: 900mm

Breadth : 600mm Height

: 750mm

MATERIAL-MS Sections – L sectionPipeSquare pipeFINISH- Powder coating

WHITE-XYZ

SOFT MAPLE-XYZ

GREY-XYZ

GREEN-XYZ

CHROME-XYZ

YELLOW-XYZ

BLACK-XYZ

ABC range of wooden finishes…………

LIGHT OAK-XYZ

FINE GRAIN-XYZ

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06 Bibliography

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Bibliography http://www.educause.edu/research-and-publications/books/learning-spaces http://www.featherlitefurniture.com/ http://www.wiprofurniturebusiness.com/ http://www.dovetail.in/ http://www.popcornfurniture.com/ https://www.godrejinterio.com/Godrejinterio/products.aspx?id=29&menuid=311&catid=42&subcatid=108 http://www.benchwala.com/ http://www.classroomfurniture.in/ http://www.dukeschoolfurniture.com/college.html http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/college-furniture.html http://www.made-in-china.com/ http://www.chairwale.com/classroomfurniture.php https://www.alibaba.com/ http://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/20-things-educators-need-to-know-about-learning-spaces/ http://enwork.com/product/learning-environments/ http://www.hermanmiller.com/research/solution-essays/rethinking-the-classroom.html http://study.com/search/text/academy.html?q=collaborative+learning#/topresults/collaborative%20learning http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/publications/Documents/31/ErgonomicPrinciplesChecklistsForOfficeFurniture_1991_PDF.pdf https://storify.com/karthikkora/what-are-the-advantages-of-foldable-furniture http://mydecorative.com/the-benefits-of-folding-furniture/ http://misbah-chattah.blogspot.in/2009/11/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-folding.html http://topictrends.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-diy-projects/ http://www.hillcrossfurniture.co.uk/blog/2012/01/benefits-of-stacking-chairs/ http://www.carpin.com/hardware.htm http://www.junkmail.co.za/outdoors-and-diy/machinery-and-tools/gauteng/pretoria/pretoria-east/steel-tube-connectors/61360540

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Image Credits Page8, 10- Bhushitendu Bhatt Page 12- Mohit Rajora Page 27 to 36 - Provided by clients Page 37- Kanika Meena Page Page 39-Library- http://www.universityprimetime.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/library.jpg Auditorium- http://www.zehmann.com/Media/Uploads/Ana%20Sayfa%20Vitrin/av-01b.jpg Hostel- http://blog.askiitians.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/MG_0286.jpg Mess-http://snu.edu.in/images/cafeteria/2.jpg Classroom- https://i.ytimg.com/vi/W0fxboAhGJs/maxresdefault.jpg Laboratory - https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/ba8305f2-e6cc-4b55-929d-5304780b4fdf/3c88c264-c63a-4d51-9c9a-0e0659302b54.jpg Staffroom- http://bbpsgr.edu.in/images/staffroom1.jpg Flap chair- http://www.ergochairs.com.au/ergochairs/images/Products/Chairs/Educator-Tablet-Chair.jpg Double bench-https://sc01.alicdn.com/photo/v25/678521425/middle_school_desk_and_chair_set_double.jpg Single bench-http://accentpaints.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/superb-classroom-desk-chairs_steel-frame-material_silver-finish-frame_plastic-seat-andtable-material_green-seat-color.jpg Table chair-http://dookzer.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/tables-and-chairs-clipart-resort-style.jpeg Page 43- http://www.featherlitefurniture.com/ Page44-https://www.godrejinterio.com/Godrejinterio/index.aspx Page45-http://www.dovetail.in/ Page46-http://www.wiprofurniturebusiness.com/ Page47-http://www.popcornfurniture.com/ Page 48- http://www.made-in-china.com/ http://www.dukeschoolfurniture.com/college.html Page49-http://www.chairwale.com/ http://www.classroomfurniture.in/ http://www.benchwala.com/ 174

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http://www.paragoninc.com/ Page50-https://www.alibaba.com/ http://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/college-furniture.html Page52-https://www.steelcase.com/ http://www.hermanmiller.com/ http://www.paragoninc.com/ Page53-http://www.artcobell.com/ http://www.bretford.com/ http://www.sediasystems.com Page54- http://www.abcofurniture.com/WhatsNew.aspx http://www.fleetwoodgroup.com/ http://enwork.com/ Page57 to 61- Kanika Meena Page 62 : http://jiitbuzz.host56.com/13.jpg, http://cdn.htcampus.com/cmsmedia/uploads/files/None/AGBS_Classroom_3Xccnnu.jpg Page 63 : http://image.slidesharecdn.com/nmimsshirpurcampus-110628065337-phpapp01/95/nmimsshirpur-campus-14-728.jpg?cb=1309415652 http://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/1458295087phppU1gbL.png Page 64 : http://img.webme.com/pic/s/srmw/class-room-1.jpg Nitika Meena Page 65 : http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1WR_uxQbtyM/UjmVGOs55II/AAAAAAAABUM/ezflnEkxGoA/s1600/DSC01016.JPG http://www.cullez.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi Page 67 : http://med.stanford.edu/irt/edtech/classrooms/features/lksc-project-rooms/_jcr_content/main/panel_builder/panel_0/panel_builder/panel_0/panel_builder/ panel_0/image_1.img.620.high.jpg https://images.steelcase.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,q_70,h_656,w_1166/v1427745239/ www.steelcase.com/12-0004538.jpg Page 68 : https://www.google.co.in/search?sa=G&hl=en-IN&q=Image&tbm=isch&tbs=simg:CAQSlQEJiLR5sRNebcEaiQELEKjU2AQaAggCDAsQsIynCBpiCmAIAxIomRXgCpcV4grmCpUVyBeFDYENgg2KNok2iDbcP4c2xj6BNtY4jyiTNhow-e5EdDDKWlrZLVl3kshS-oPQAJai_1Wy2RKBxtWqCyOeCgG-2WdXlPL2rtDl59wpzIAQMCxCOrv4IGgoKCAgBEgRv_1DMcDA&ved=0ahUKEwijpfOMqt_QAhVMKcAKHbIHAqQQ2A4IGygB&biw=1680&bih=939#imgrc=iLR5sRNebcGOmM%3A http://schoolfunds.us/image/essay-on-nelson-mandela-as-a-leader.jpg Page 69 : http://www.acu.edu.au/__data/assets/image/0003/498018/Canberra_classroom_B21.jpg https://cooleylawschoolblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/class.jpg

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Page 72 http://www.whiteleysoffice.co.uk/assets/gallery/1637-ClassroomTables.jpg http://22j6mtga3ry44qhlz39afk8c.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Poynton-High-School-Cheshire-Flexible-Classroom-Tables-by-constellations.jpg Page 73- http://www.ifurn.com/pics/8/hon-furniture/hon-accomplish-275-x-189-classroom-layout-large-adjustable-cantilever-desks.HED-CL-007.5._raw.jpg https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwii0LHGg9XQAhUJro8KHRsODN0QjBwIBA&url=https%3A%2F%2F lh3.googleusercontent.com%2F-fwKw0QC-80c%2FT7vthmOAtNI%2FAAAAAAAAAD4%2F0VhQS2rTpYkI6KMHl1anruL-ySJdVmJiACL0B%2Fs0-d%2FClassroom-088_ mr.jpg&psig=AFQjCNGDcpiAu2TcZ0Ei2Y-6LBH82hbwTA&ust=1480751555255602 http://www.maica.co.tz/images/classroom-furniture/IMG_20160320_134443.jpg Page 77- http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pwkxVlJ7B1Q/U8z3d5r66lI/AAAAAAAAAc8/fqWbYYCXvzg/s1600/wooden-dining-table.jpg http://ii.worldmarket.com/fcgi-bin/iipsrv.fcgi?FIF=/images/worldmarket/source/19018_XXX_v1.tif&wid=420&cvt=jpeg http://www.glubdubs.com/picture-resolution/1920x1440-wooden-furniture-designs-wooden-furniture-shops-in-kerala-woodenza.jpg https://sc02.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1Li.iHpXXXXXkaXXXq6xXFXXXs/Maydos-wood-shield-glass-hard-water-based.jpg Page 81-http://www.metalliform.co.uk/shop/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/400x/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/m/f/mf4642-1024x1024.jpg http://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/design-museum-designs-of-the-year-2014-nominations-designboom-09.jpg Page 83- https://img01.olx.co.za/images_olxza/1000334037_3_644x461_steel-tube-connectors-tools-diy.jpg http://img0139.psstatic.com/191369339_simpson-strong-tie-zmax-18-gauge-galvanized-steel-angle-.jpg https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1iMZaKFXXXXbhXFXXq6xXFXXXJ/metal-connecting-brackets-for-wood.jpg http://trubamaster.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/krab-sistema-dlya-profilnyh-trub-2.jpg https://www.realestate.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Masters_Screws_550-1024x768.jpg http://www.ap-host.co.uk/apbuilders/main/ALL.jpg http://www.wszhuxian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/office-chair-glides-for-carpet.jpg http://ep.yimg.com/ay/yhst-58618103726359/nylon-base-swivel-glides-4.gif

Software used to produce this document are as follows• AutoCAD • Adobe Photoshop • Adobe Indesign • Keyshot • Google Sketchup

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Graduation Project_Classroom Furniture_NID

Articles inside

Initial explorations

Concept development

Client

Project proposal

Types of classroom layouts

Ergonomics

Redefined brief

Constraints

Joineries

Sponsor