andreas karamalikis portfolio 2018
ATHEN 4 . 21 8 . 200 EINWOHNER 41 2K M² FLÄCHE BIS 1 9.0 00E I N W. / K M² BAUZEIT: 60 JA H RE 1 TYPOLOGIE
Po r t f o l i o 2 0 1 8 A ndreas Kar amalikis B Sc. BU Weimar / MSc . T U Be rlin w w w.k rmlks.wordpres s. c o m an dreas.karamalikis@g ma il. c o m
AKADEMI SCHE AR BEI T E N
I. Learning from a Crisis - Masterthesis
Ty p o l o g i s c h e Re s i l i e n z a l s E n t w u r f s b e i t r a g z u r a k t u e l l e n Stadtentwicklu ngsde b a t t e Be rlins Pr o f. D r. J. S t o l l m a n n & Pr o f. D r. F. G e i p e l M it verfasser : Kena n M e lhe m
II. Berliner Hybrid - Bachelorthesis
N euer s t ä d t i s ch er Wo h n r a um i n M i tt e B er l i n s Pr o f e s s u r E n t w e r f e n u n d Wo h n u n g s b a u Pr o f. M a g. A r c h . W. S t a m m -Te s k e Di p l . - I n g. J. Cr i s t o p h , Di p l . - In g. H. M i ch e l s e n Einzelarbeit
MSc - WS 2017/18 BSc - SS 2014 Teil 1: Herle itu ng e ine r Id e a lt y p o lo g ie f ü r Be rlin Teil 2: A nwe ndu ng de r Typ o lo g ie in re a le r Sit u a t io n / Schinke lwe ttbe we rb 2 0 1 8 - Sp a nd a u e r Ba lle t
III. Polykatoikia - Hochbau
A daptive Blockstruktur nach dem A thener Prinzip Fa c h g e b i e t E n t w e r f e n u n d G e b ä u d e k u n d e Pr o f. D r. F. G e i p e l Dipl.- Ing. A. Wieg ne r, D ipl. -I ng. A. Sa ad M it verfasser : M. E spin M arti, T. G e o rg o po ulo u, S. Ko s t o u r o u , D. M e g a s
IV. Formal Informality - Städtebau
A g r o wt h p r o t o co l f o r Ti r a n a i n t i mes o f cr i s i s A r c h i t e c t u r e D e s i g n I n n o v a t i o n Pr o g r a m Pr o f. D r. R . H e h l B o r a B a b o çi , J u s t i n e L i v O l a u s s o n M i t v e r f a s s e r : T. G e o r g o p o u l o u MSc - SS 2015
MSc - WS 2014/15
B ERUFL I CHE AR BE I TE N
V. Schönberger Linse
Ei n Wo hnhau s fü r so z ia le D iv e rs it ä t Konzeptverfahren für Soziale Träger in Kooperat ion mit D e ime l O e lsc hlä ge r Arc hit ekt en u nd KlimaG ut I mmo b ilie n
VI. Quartier Weißensee
s o zi a l er Wo h n un g s b a u i n H o l zb a uwei s e, K f W 40 Le i s t u n g s p h a s e n 2 - 3 De i m e l O e l s ch l ä g e r A r ch i t e k t e n 8/2016
1/2017
VII. Visualisierung & Grafik frei beru fliche Ar be it
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Neubau, BlockrandNord >50 m2/Einw VG Fläch Falk Flächenkonsum: VG Heerstrasse Großwohnsiedlung Heer GRZ: 0,17 QUARTIERS - EBENE hoche Dichte Wohnsiedlung in Umgebung, Nord, Spandau Wohnsie Wohnungsgröße: 2-2,25 Zi/Einw Großwohnsiedlung Heerstraße Friedrichstadt nG: 3-4 Woh GFZ: 1,09 vorwiegend Zeilenbau Faccaer ioritiaNord, si tectium quidel Spandau Faccaer ioritia sivorwieg tectium Flächenkonsum: <35 m2occatem. /Einw acero occatem. Perspel isquiGRZ: 0,19 um:ius <35 m2/Einw ius acero Persp QUARTIERS - EBENE Faccaer ioritia si tectium quidel QUAR Faccaer si tectiumius quidel de llabor aut Faccaer auta queioritia aut abo. acero occatem. Perspel isquide llabor aut auta que a Wohnungsgröße: 1,75-2,0 Zi/Einw Heerstrasse Nord öße: 1,5-1,75 Zi/Einw iusFalken acer 25 de 50 llabor 0,89 ius acero occatem. Perspel isqui-100 Itatem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis GFZ: 2,54 aut auta que autW: abo. Itatem laccuptatiis ni vel GFZ: de llabo de llabor aut auta abo.laccuptatiis ni velliquodis evenist plaut aut et que aut Itatem evenist emporeris plaut rdichte: 30emporeris Einw/ha Einwohnerdichte: 150 Einw/ha GRZ: 0,41 Itatem la Itatem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis ad ulluptatur renderude - EBENE 25 50 100 QUARTIERS GRZ: NE renim re evenist emporeris plaut aut et renim re ad ulluptatur re it ät ch i evenist evenist emporeris aut etre ad ulluptatur renderu llabor aut auta que aut abo. DIta-plautrenim evenist emporeris plaut W: ad 0,37 GFZ: 0,75 renim W: re 025 renim re ulluptatur renderum tem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis ev earnings from a Crisis evenist emporeris plaut aut et renim re ad ulluptatur re evenist evenistEinwohnerdichte: emporeris plautrenim aut etre ad ulluptatur renderu 30 Einw/ha GRZ: 0,14 25 50 100 Einw renim re renim re ad ulluptatur renderum 25 50 100 itä
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Faccaer ioritia si tectium quidel ius acero occatem. Perspel isqui-Groß de llabor aut auta que aut abo. Nord VG Falkenhagener Itatem laccuptatiis ni Feld velliquodis evenist emporeris plaut aut et Facc Wohnsiedlung in Umgebung, renim re ad ulluptatur renderumius a vorwiegend Zeilenbau evenist emporeris plaut aut et de lla renim reioritia ad ulluptatur renderum Faccaer si tectium quidel Itate ius acero occatem. Perspel isqui-even - EBENE BLOCK de llabor aut auta que aut abo. renim Itatem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis even GFZ: 1,3emporeris plaut aut et renim evenist ti
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Großwohnsiedlung Heerstraße Nord, Spandau
Learnings from a Crisis
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ritia si tectium quidel occatem. Perspel isqui-Kerngebiet, Neubau, Blockrand aut auta que aut abo. hoche Dichte Staaken cuptatiis asse Nordni velliquodis mporeris plaut aut et Faccaer ioritia si tectium quidel dlung Heerstraße d ulluptatur renderudeius acero occatem. Perspel isquiauta que aut abo. Ita- de llabor aut auta que aut abo. au ptatiis ni velliquodis evItatem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis a si tectium quidel evenist emporeris plaut aut et atem. Perspel isqui- renim re ad ulluptatur renderude NE auta que aut abo. llabor aut auta que aut abo. Itatatiis ni velliquodis tem laccuptatiis ni velliquodis ev reris plaut aut et lluptatur renderum Pt. 4.2 // Typologischer Vergleich BLOCK- EBENE reris plaut aut et IDEALTYP O LOGI E lluptatur renderum GFZ: 3,84 2swert u ng des I de alblo c k s Au B l o ck t y p o l o g i e , S p l i t- Le v e l nsum: >50 m /Einw GRZ: 0,62 Bergmannkiez sgröße: 2-2,25 Zi/Einw Staaken Friedrichstadt VG Friedrichstadt Ad nG: 5-7 ap m
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25 50 Vergleich 100 Pt. 4.2 // Typologischer
VERGLE I CH S GE BI E TE Ty p o l o g i e & A u s w e r t u n g
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4.2 // Typologischer Vergleichbe Ziel der Arbeit ist,Pt. Prinzipien des resilienten Städtebaus 59 reits in der Entwicklungsphase festzulegen. Die abgeleiteten Strategien werden anschließend im Entwurf für die Reaktivie - 25 W: 11,14 Weiträumigkeit: 1,0750 350 Einw/ha rung der ehemaligen Kasernenareale in Spandau angewandt.
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Berlin hat eine sehr reiche typologische Geschichte. Aus heutiger Sicht können die Qualitäten neu bewertet werden und Grunlage für zukunftsfähige Stadträume dienen.
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Wachstum dernG: 3-5 Hauptstadt ist bereits weit bekannt. Wenn sie im Jahr 2050 ca. 4 Mio. Men0-50 m2/Einw schen behausen soll, müssen für den Städtebau neue Grund2 Flächenkonsum: 40-50 mFlächenkonsum: /Einw lagen geschaffen werden. Grundlagen, die nachhaltig iden1,5-1,75titätsstarke, Zi/Einw urbane Qualitäten schaffen und in Zukunft ein hochwertiges Wohn- und Arbeitsumfeld garantieren. Wohnungsgröße: 2-2,25 Zi/Einw
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GRZ: 0,43 Flächenkonsum: 40-50 m2/Einw Ad it he ap st unG: 3-5 b Ro Wohnungsgröße: 2-2,25 Zi/Einw e äum Flächenkonsu onsr O p ti
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Learnings from a Crisis
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Te i l 1 : H e r l e i t u n g e i n e r I d e a l t y p o l o g i e f ü r B e r l i n
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PR INZIPIE N DE R TYP O LO G I S C H E N R E S I L I E N Z D IC H TE GF Z
Einw o hne rdic ht e
We i t r ä u m i g k e i t
N e t we r k d ichte
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35 0 Ein w. / h a
<300m U mla uf
14.4
2,6 Bloc kebene
2.0
1.7
4.5
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3.2
3.2
4.6
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23.8
D IVERS I TÄT Ein wohnermischu ng
Ra u m q u a l i t ä t e n
Wohnungsbaugesellschaften Privateigentum Soziale Träger Baugruppen
N u t z u n g s m i s ch u n g
M a ßs t ä b l ichk eit
vielfache Öffentlichkeitsgrade neue Blickachsen 2.3
2.3
2.3
Dimensionierung der Freiräume je nach sozialer Funktion Erschliessung ohne mechanische 8.32 Abhängigkeit (zb Aufzug) 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.4 Fussläufige Blockgrössen 5.4
7.1 0.2
4.41
7.1
Maisonetten Loftwohnungen Micro-Apartments förderfähige Wohnungen
Büros Gewerbe betreutes Wohnen temporäres Wohnen
Grünraumversorgung heterogene Raumerfahrung
5.4
kleinteilige Parzellierung
ADAPTIVI TÄT Te i l u n g s p o t e n t i a l
Ro b u s t h e i t
Po l y v a l e n z
O p t i o n s r ä ume
23.8 3.2
3.2
3.2
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.5
1.7
TRH
14.4
2.0 1.7
4.5
Raumnetzwerk visualisiert die vielfache Erschliessungs- und Kopplungsmöglichkeiten
getrennte Primär- und Sekundärstruktur, erlauben einen leichteren Umbau Sollbruchstellen minimieren die konstruktiven Umbrucharbeiten
Nutzungsneutrale Räume für individuell interprätierbare Nutzungseinheiten
Dienender & Bedienter Raum
Visibility Graph Test zur Qualität der Räume. Dienende und bediente Schicht visuell getrennt Flexibel über die Verkehrszone an- und entkoppelbar
KLIM A G rün
Wa s s e r
23.8 3.2
3.2
3.2
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.5
1.7 14.4
2.0 1.7
4.5
Grünraumversorgung & Naherholung
dezentrale Sammlung von Biokompost
Nachbarschaftliche Gärten
Grauwasseraufbereitung und Retention und Rückgewinnung
Be lic htung
dezentrale Regenwassersammlung
Te m p e r i e r u n g
18°
65°
Sonnenverlauf 21. Juni & 21. Dezember optimale Drehung: 30°
Schattenwurf 21. Juni & 21. Dezember
Maximierung der belichteten Nutzungseinheiten und Einsatz passiver Verschattungsstrategien
Kühlwirkung der Freiräume durch Evapotranspiration
kompakte Baukörper für optimiertes A/V Verhältnis
passive Ventilation
Strassen als Windkorridore
Te i l 2 : A n w e n d u n g d e r Ty p o l o g i e i n r e a l e r S i t u a t i o n / Schinke lwe ttbe werb 2 0 1 8 - Sp a nd a u e r Ba lle t
D
as ehemalige Ka s e r n e n - A r e a l i m S p a n d a u e r S ü d e n biet et die Gele ge nhe it nic ht nur de n dring e n d g e brauchten Wohnra u m , s o n d e r n a u c h e i n u r b a n e s G e b i e t als neu en Bezu gsp unk t für die umlie g e nd e n Wo hn s t r u k t uren zu sc haffen. Die v o m Se na t g e f o rde rte n 2000 Wo h ne inheit en bilden d e n Ausgang spunk t f ür d ie We i t e r e n twicklung des städt i s c h e n Ra u m e s . H i e r i d e n t i f i z i e r t e n w i r die H er au sforderu n g, d ie se Nac hf rage z u d e c k e n, d i e d a s exi stierende Quart i e r s b i l d g ä n z l i c h v e r ä n d e r n k ö n n t e u n d e rhöht e ökologische Anf o rde runge n für e ine k lim a a k t i v e Sta dt st ellt .
U m d a s A r e a l a l s u r b a n e s Q u a r t i e r a k t i v i e r e n z u k önnen, wi r d e i n e ü b e r g e o r d n e t e S t ä d t e b a u l i ch e E i n b e t t u n g b enö t i g t : Di e S e e b u r g e r- u n d Wi l h e l m s t r a ße we r d e n a l s Ha up tv e r k e h r s - u n d E r s ch l i e ßu n g s s t r a ße n a u f g e n o m m en und d u r ch e i n e We i t e r e e r g ä n z t . Di e s e wi r d g e g e n s ä t zlich zu d e n b e i d e n b e r e i t s e x i s t i e r e n d e n f u n k t i o n a l e n Ver k ehr s a ch s e n a l s i d e n t i t ä t s s t i f t e n d e Pr o m e n a d e a u s g e b i l d et und b i e t e t e i n e Fu ß g ä n g e r- u n d f a h r r a d g e r e c h t e Ve r bindung d e s S p a n d a u e r S ü d e n s m i t d e m B a h n h o f S p a n d a u s i m Nord e n . G l e i c h z e i t i g v e r v o l l s t ä n d i g t e i n e w e i t e r e Pr o menade d e n r i n g f ö r m i g e n La n d s c h a f t s z u g u m Wi l h e m l s t a d t herum (B u l l e n g r a b e n - E g e l p f u h l g r a b e n - Ha v e l ). I. S t ä d t e b a u l i ch e E i n b e t t u n g
II . N a ch b a r s ch a f t s b i l d u n g
Q u a rt i e r sk o n z e p t Um festzustellen, was für Dichtewerte der I de alblo c k im ausg e wä h l t e n G e b i e t e r z i e l e n muss, w urd e d ie s q ua n t i t a t i v a n a l y s i e r t . I n de n Te ilge bie te n k o n n t e s o m i t b e we r t e t w e rde n, o b und w ie s t a r k e i n e N a ch v e r d i chtung sinnv o ll w ä re .
Städtebau lic he Par amet er: GFZ GR Z Ge s ch o s sanzahl We i t r ä u m i g k e i t E in w o h n er dic ht e Fr e i r a u m q u a l i t ä t e n Nutzungen Ty p o l o g i e n
Erg e bnis ist e in multiv a r i a b l e s B e we r t u n g s s y s tem von Bestandsstrukturen. Diese sind durch den EInsatz des Idealtypen auszugleichen b z w. sinng e mä ß z u e rh ö h e n . Als Entw urfsansa tz e rg i b t s i ch s o m i t e i n l e i s tung so rie ntie rte r Blo c k t y p . D ie ausg e w ä hlte Blo c k m o r p h o l o g i e (m o r p h o lo g isc he C a hra k te risti k a ) k a n n a l s z u s ä t z l i c he s Be w e rtung sk rite ri u m g e s e h e n we r d e n .
II I . A d a p t i v e Q u a r t i e r s t y p o l o g ie
f u ßl ä u f i g e E r r e i ch ba r k eiten
Ty p o l o g i e n N e u / B e s t a n d
M ö b i l i t ä t s s y s tem P
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Wa s s e r k r e i l ä u f e
Stadtklima
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E c o - Ce n t e r
B E R L IN ER H YB R ID - T H E SIS Neuer städtische r Wo hna d ra u m in M it t e Be rlins
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eine Bachelor-T he sis be sc häf tigt sic h auf stä d t e b a ulic her Ebene mit de r Wie de rhe rste llung d e r in n e r s t ä d tis chen Blockst r u kt ur be i g le ic hz e itige m Ve rsuc h, d e n B e rliner Block neu zu d e f inie re n. D ie se r w ird hie rb e i m e h r m a l s s o u mst r u kt u r iert , d a ss e ine rhy thmisie re nd e , multid i r e k t i o nale S t ru kt u r u rbane r R ä ume ¹ ge sc haf f e n w ird , di e u n t e rs chiedliche Au fent ha ltsqua litäte n aufz e ige n so ll. Auf ar c hit ekt onisc he r Eb e ne w e rde n z w e i Sc hw e rp u n k t e g e s et zt : Au f die Flex ibilität d e s G e sa mtg rundrisse s u n d a u f e ine zent r ale Ersc hlie ß ungsty po lo gie , d ie die unte r s ch i e dlichen Wohnfor men mite ina nd e r v e rw e bt² .
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S o m i t w u r d e n d r e i G r u n d t y p o l o g i e n e n t w i c k e l t , d i e durch e i n g e p l a n t e b a u l i c h e S o l l b r u c h s t e l l e n z u s a m m e ngelegt we r d e n k ö n n e n u n d d a d u r ch e i n b r e i t e s S p e k t r u m a n K li e n t e l (Fa m i l i e n , WG s , S i n g l e s , j u n g e u n d a l t e M e nschen) beherbergen können. D i e s e u n t e r s c h i e d l i c h e n Le b e n s f o r m e n w e r d e n d urch ein z e n t r a l e s , o f f e n e s Tr e p p e n h a u s i n j e d e m d e r 8 B l öck e ers c h l o s s e n . D i e s e s k o m m u n i k a t i v e Z e n t r u m i s t z u r S tadt hin g e ö f f n e t u n d b i l d e t e i n r e p r ä s e n t a t i v e s E n t r e é , d a s d en B e g r i f f Ve s t i b ü l a u f e i n e r n e u e n A r t u n d We i s e z u i n ter p r ät i e r e n v e r m a g.
=
Berliner Block
Bruch des Blockes
B e rl i n e r In n e n h o f
überdimensioniert, abge w andt , au t is t is ch
Eindring e n de s ö f fe ntlic he n Stra ß e n lebens, Erhöhung der städtischen Fr o n t a g e n
A b g e s ch o t t e t e r, funktional ausgerichteter Innenraum m i t s ch wa ch e r A u f enthaltsqualität
Tr ä g e r m a n g e lhafte r Lebensqu ali t äte n
R hyt m i si e r u n g der Blöcke
Re d e f i n i e r u n g d e r E rsc h l i e ß un g
Di a l e k t i s ch e B e ziehung zur Stadt, Ö f f n u n g d e r B l ö ck e b e i g l e i ch z e i t i g e r hoher Ausnutzung d e r G r u n d s t ü ck s f l ä ch e
E i n f ü hr ung hor izont a l e r und vertikaler S t r a ß en mit einem i n t i m e m Charakter a l s B asis für einen s o z i a l en, k ultur ell e n u n d ök onomi s ch e r n A usta usch
1
2
3
1 halböffentli c h e G a s s e n m i t “ bike -hanga r s ” , Te r a s s e n u n d Eingängen d e r A t e l i e r w o h n u n g e n u nd der Zentra le rsc hlie ß ung
2 kommunikative Gassen mit Zugang zu den Atelierräumen, Sitzgelegenh e i t e n u n d Ca r- S h a r i n g S t ä n d e n
3 P l ä t z e z u r N a h r e r h o lung und K i n d e r s p i e l p l ä t z e n , bespielt von d e n A t e l i e r s u n d G ew er b eflä ch e n , m i t Ca r- S h a r i ng Stä nd e
WOHNTYPOLOGI E N D i e Fe s t l e g u n g d e s G r u n d l a y o u t s de s Gesamt gr u ndr isse s e rf o lgte simultan z ur D ime n s i o n i e rung der Wohngru n d r i s s e . S o m i t s i n d d i e R ä u m e z w i s c h e n den Wohnblöcken m i t d e r i n n e r e n D i m e n s i o n i e r u n g d e r Blöc ke gleic hwer t ig a ufe ina nd e r a bge stimmt. Als Produ kt ergeben sic h Wo hnty p o lo gie n in e ine m G r u n drast er von 6,5m x 10m, e inge te ilt in v ie r Fe ld e rn m i t d e r Dimension nu t zu ng sne utrale r R äume . Eine s dav o n b e i n h a l tet die S c häc ht e, z usamme n mit de m Eingang s - un d N a s s ze llenbereic h.
At elierwohnu ng - 100qm
D i e i m A b s t a n d v o n 6 , 5 m s t e h e n d e n S c h o t t e n l a s sen sich d u r ch e i n g e p l a n t e S o l l b r u ch s t e l l e n d u r ch q u e r e n , sod a ss d i e G r u n d t y p o l o g i e n m i t e i n a n d e r v e r b u n d e n we r d en k ön n e n , u m g r ö ße r e E i n wo h n e r p a r t e i e n a u f z u n e h m e n . Di e Ty p o l o g i e d e s a d a p t i v e n G r u n d r i s s e s e n t s p r ang a us d e r Id e e , e i n e n L ö s u n g s a n s a t z z u m s t a r k e n d e m og r a p hi s ch e n Wa n d e l d e r Ha u p t s t a d t v o r z u s ch l a g e n . S o m it k önn e n s i c h i n m i t t e n B e r l i n s s o w o h l S i n g l e s , a l s a u c h Familien u n d W G s , a b e r a u c h t e m p o r ä r e Wo h n - o d e r A r b e i t sformen niederlassen.
Maisonette - 95qm
Studio 57qm / 114qm
ZUR KO NSTR UKT I ON D ie Auß e nfassade d e r Wo h n e b e nen sind gekennzei c h n e t d u r c h d i e d u r c h g e h e n d e n w e i ß e n Bänder, die sich rh y t h m i s c h i n B a l k o n e v e r g r ö ß e r n , u n d durch die hölzerne n S c h i e b e l e m e n t e n , d i e d i e M a t e r i a l i t ä t de s Innenr au mes w ie d e rspie ge ln. Den Kontrast zu di e s e n b e w i r k e n d i e i m H i n t e r g r u n d stehenden, dunkler e n Fa s e r z e m e n t-Ta f e l n , d i e w e g e n i h r e r matt geschliffenen O b e r f l ä c h e u n d d e n c h a n g i e r e n d e n Schat t ier u ngen ein na türlic he s, b e le be nd e s Ausse h e n e rw irken.
D i e Fa s s a d e e r w e i s t s i c h j e d o c h n i c h t n u r a l s Tr e n nschicht z wi s ch e n In n e n u n d A u ße n , s o n d e r n e r l a n g t e i n e D ick e, d i e d u r c h E i n b a u s c h r ä n k e u n d S i t z n i s c h e n i n s z e n i e rt wird. Konstruktiv setzt sie sich aus vorgefertigten Fassadenpa n e l e n i m Ho l r a h m e n b a u z u s a m m e n , d i e i n d i e S ch otten k o n s t r u k t i o n a u s S t a h l b e t o n e i n g e h ä n g t we r d e n . D i e s e Ko n s t r u k t i o n s w e i s e s o r g t f ü r e i n e w i r t s c h a f t l i che u n d e n e r g i e e f f i z i e n t e U m s e t z u n g d e s G e s a m t k o n z e p tes, d i e we g e n d e r Vo r f e r t i g u n g d e r E l e m e n t e z e i t s ch n e ll a us g e f ü h r t we r d e n k a n n .
I 3
I 2
- 1
1 H olz- Element-Fassade , nic httra ge nd 8 m m Fa s e r z e m e n t t a f e l , E q u i t o n e Te c t i v a Fu g e n b a n d 4 0m m La t t u n g, t r o c k e n 4 0m m Kontra-Lattung 24 0m m Miner aldämmw o lle D ampfsper re 1 2m m Tr o c k e n b a u p l a t t e n H y d r o p a n e l
2 De ck e n a u f b a u 1 5 m m Pa r k e t t , A h o r n E p h o r a 5 0 m m E s t r i ch 5 0 m m Tr i t t s c h a l l d ä m m u n g Tr e n n s c h i c h t 200mm Stahlbetonelemente, vorgefertigt 1 0 m m Pu t z
3 B a l k o n a u fb a u 1 5 m m B a l k o n b ela g, Tea k holz 2 5 m m S i ck e r s ch icht Di ch t u n g sb a hnen 2 % < Ve r b u n d e s t r i c h 2 0 0 m m S t a h l b e t ond eck e 1 0 m m Pu t z
P O LYKATO IK IA
A daptive Blockstruktur nach dem A thener Prinzip
U
nser Team befas ste sic h hie r mit e iner int ensiven Re c he rc he und Re v is io n adapt iver Woh nstruk ture n unte r dem Leitmotiv der ath e n e r Po l y k a t o i k i a ( s ieh e Index S eit e). Das Ziel: Eine grund l e g e n d e S t r u k t u r zu entwickeln, in d i e Ra u m e i n h e i t e n ein geschr ieben wer d e n k ö nne n, d ie durch “ Wachsen” und “Sc hrumpf e n” in alle drei Achsen unte rsc hie d lic he Nutzungsart en u nd -grö ß e n aufne hme n kö nn en. En ts cheidende Rolle f ür die M a te rialisierung dieses Ansa t z e s s p i e l t e a u c h der Kontext, Sevran i m s u b u r b a n e n Pa r i s : D e r v o n L I N A r c h i t e k t e n g e l e i t e te Mast erplan “Gr an Paris” sie ht e ine De zent r alisier u ng de r M e tro po lre gio n Pa r i s ’ v o r u n d s o m i t e i n e s u k z e s s i v e Nach verdic ht u ng so lc he r Pe rip he rie gebiet e. Ein Gr u nd m e hr, sic h a n d ie s e m Or t adapt iver Raumstruk ture n z u w idm en. Das Er gebnis deses Fo rsc hungspro je kte s w ur de in 5 Manife ste z usa mme ng e tragen: p eriphery, la f abri q u e, p ol y kato i kia , st oa, plat eia
Co ntinu at ion of t he S tre e t Sc ape s
PE R IPH E RY a n u n d e rr a ted a r ea , wh i ch m a n y i n h a b i t , b u t d on‘ t ta k e a dv a n t a g e o f. A p a r a s i t e , t ha t is d ep end e n t o f t h e c e n t e r. T h e h i gh percentage o f y o u n g p e o p l e s u g g e s ts a potential d e m a n d f o r c r e a t i v e a n d educational outlets.
Co m plet ion of t he S t re e t Ne tw o rk
Re t r o f i t t i n g t h e f o r m e r f a c t o r y h a l l
Sitep la n
L A FABRIQUE t he brain, a sp ac e o f c o actio n , eit her small a nd priv ate o r w ide an d c ollec t ive, c ha ng ing ac c o rd i ng to demand. Revivin g t h e o r i g i n a l us e o f th e plot as well as ta k ing Se v ra ns c urre n t resident s int o acc o unt. I t fo rms an entity on the ground f l o o r h o s t i n g m ultiple u ses su c h as a ma rk e t o r a f ablab an d spr eads t hrou gho ut the b uildi ng into smaller fr agme nts, tak ing the f orm of a private works p a c e a n d / o r a c o nn ective part ic le bet w e e n the d w e ll i ngs .
a p l a ce f o r p h y s i ca l a n d menta l a ctivity f o r t h e p r o d u ct i o n o f m a t er ia l or imma t e r i a l p r o d u ct s - a r e i n t e p r eta tion of the o l d f a ct o r y
a-a
b -b G r ound Floor
a - a S ce na r io 1 Fa b la b
b -b Scenario 2 Market Hall
POLYKATO I KI A a c lu ste r o f p ub l i c , s em ipublic and privat e f ragme nts se e m in gly juxt apost ed following a c o ntinu o us grid. A shift in it pro v ide s a highe r l e v e l o f var iabilit y again st the usual linearity. A unit is formed following the lo g ic o f t h is grid and can gr ow or shrink by a d ding o r su bt ract ing neigh b o uring f ie lds hosting functions of wo r k o r d w e l l i n g acco ring t o demand.
1,20
3,60 m2 4,20
4,20
12,60 m2 3,00
9,00 m2
3,00
1,20
1,20
3,00
3,00
1,20
1,20
4,20
4,20
3,00
Module
Juxta p osition
3 r d F l o or ( exemp la r y)
U nit Ty p o lo gie s ( e x e m p l a r y )
3 d i m e n s i o n a l co n n e ct i o n t h r o u g h a â&#x20AC;&#x153; connector â&#x20AC;&#x153;
1. Senario / Wohnung + Wohnung / Vertikalachse
STOA the mediu m betw e e n o ute r and inne r e nv iro nm e n t . A s heltered continuation of t h e c o n t e x t i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g. A c t i n g l ike a filt er it s adju st abl e p e rme a bility p re de te rmine s th e p ublicn es s of t he act ivit ies o n the g ro und flo o r.
INVOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION INVOLUNTARY A S S OC IATION very little in common
hou se
neighbours
one comfort
stree t
nodding acquintance
work associate
dist r ic t
recogniction
very many like minds
city
PL AT EIA an interjunct i o n o f c o l l e c t i v e l y c o n t r o l l e d o p e n s pace s - c ou rt yards or jadins f amila ire s - o n the up pe r f l o o r s o f the bu ilding enhancing the c o mmunal liv ing. Upo n s uc h t hr esholds of so c ia l e nc o unte r ha v e b e e n app l i e d 2 prin ciple s of personal asso c ia tio n:
nationality
VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION
house
street
district
city
Hi e r a r ch y o f A s s o ci a t i o n b y A + P Smithson
Intimate distance
personal distance
social distance
public distance
close phase
phyisical contact
45-75cm
120-210cm
far phase
15-45cm
75-120cm
210-360cm
360-750cm
7,5m-100m Pe r s o n a l D i s t a n c e b y E d w a r d H a l l
4 t h F l o or ( exemp la r y)
E leva tion Ea st
FO R M A L I N FO R MAL ITY
a grow th pr o to co l fo r Tir a na in t im e s o f c ris is
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRIAL The
INDUSTRIAL fu ndament of this gro w th p ro to c o l f o rms the si g n i n g o f a her it able leaseho ld be tw e e n use rs a nd land o w n e r s a n d
3
THE THE CONTEXT CON2
DENSITY T h e o u t co m e oDENSITY f t h i s g r o wt h DENSITY p r o t o co l i s n o t DENSITY a r i g i d ma stereg malls eg malls eg malls walled walled walled p l a n wi t h f i x e d b o r d e r s b u t m o r ecitya p o s s i b l e acity g g lomer acity t i o n o f c o m m o n o p e n s p a c e s w h i c h b y t h e i r s i z e , use and 2 2 2 a m o u n t d e f i n e t h e m o r p h o l o g y o f t h e b u i l t s t r u ct u r e.
3
3
3
city center
RESIDENTIAL
AL
T h i s i s n o t o n l y a p r o f i t a b l e o f f e r f o r t h e o wn e r s in the s h o r t- t e r m b u t a l s o a wa y t o a v o i d t h e t r a p o f l a n d sp ecu l a t i o n a n d t o s e cu r e a h a b i t a t a n d i n co m e e v e n f o r p r eca ri o u s t e n a n t s i n t h e l o n g- t e r m .
city center
Fu r t h e r a n a l y s i s h o w e v e r h a s c o n v e r t e d t h e i n f o r m a l b u i l ding pr act ic e from a p ro ble m to a so urc e o f inspira t i o n f o r o ur proposal: wha t w e sugge st is no t an o v e rimp o s e d u rban plan to dictate t h e l o c a l w a y o f b u i l d i n g b u t a g r o w t h protocol which will p r o v i d e g u i d e l i n e s a l l o w i n g i t t o s p r a w l eg malls in a st r u ct u red and p ro duc tiv e w ay.
t h e f o r m a t i o n o f co - o p s f o r co m m o n l a n d u s e a s a sour ce o f i n co m e a n d cr e a t i o n o f co m m o n o p e n s p a ce s .
city center
he project is de a l i n g w i t h t h e u r b a n i n f o r m a l i t y w h i c h is the most sign i f i c a n t p r o b l e m o f t h e s u b u r b s o f Ti r a n a ( A lbania) since t he fall o f the c o mmunist re g ime .
city center
T
ANALYZING THE ANALYZI CON-
TEXTUAL INFLUENCES TEXTUAL
IO 1
4
AND4TYPOLOGICAL AND TY
CASE STUDIES CASE OPEN OPEN ST SPACE SPACE USAGE USAGE COMMERCIAL
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL
1
albanian informal suburbs
1
albanian informal suburbs
1
1
albanian forests informal suburbs
forests
SCENARIO SCENARIO 1 2 SCENARIO 2 + pr iv at e p ro p erty
SCE N AR I O 2
if private investement had tak e n ove r
SCENARIO 2
S C E N A R IO 3
SCENARIO 3
SCENARIO 2
IF PRIVATE INVESTEMENT HAD TAKEN OVER
+ private property + higher individual living quality + indiviual mainteneance + offer meets demand + social control
+ high density = critical mass + social infrastructure + organized mainteneance
if d e ve lop e r‘s p la n h a d b e e n re a liz e d
SCENARIO SCENARIO 2 3 SCENARIO 3
forests
IF INFORMAL SETTLEMENT HAD SPRAWLED
- monofunctional - no social interaction - poor infrastructure - lack of common spaces - no adaptability
if i n f or m a l s et tl ement ha d sp r a wled
rural
albanian informal suburbs
rural
EDUCATIONAL
SCENARIO 1
S C EN ARI O 1
suburb
OPEN SPACE USAGE
suburb
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
leftprivate over public commonleft overpubliccommon left over public
suburb
COMMERCIAL
4
private public common
rural
COMMERCIAL
4
common
rural
COMMERCIAL
TH E CONTEXT To fu r t h e r u n derstand the city of Tiran a w e analys e d t he c ont ext u al inf luences (right) on our site a n d AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL t h e differ ent u r ban t ypo lo g ie s EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL i n th e s u r rou nding by t est-a p ply ing them on ou r sit e ( bo tt o m ) . In su ch way we d e riv e d t h en a possibly opt imal re lat io n be t ween open, clo se d, private and public spac e f o r o ur pro posal.
private
suburb
private
INDUSTRIAL
- no private property - monofunctional - ineversible constructions - bad living quality - no private open space - lack of common open spaces
S C E N A R IO 4 f orm a l in f orm a lity
SCENARIO SCENARIO 3 4 SCENARIO 4
SCENARIO
+ high density = c r itic al mas s + d i ver s e p r og r a m + m i x ed p r op er t y AL SPRAWLED SETTLEMENT IF INFORMAL HAD IF SPRAWLED PRIVATE SETTLEMENT INVESTEMENT HAD IF PRIVATE SPRAWLED HADINVESTEMENT TAKEN OVER IF PRIVATE HAD TAKEN INVESTEMENT OVER IF PRIVATE HAD IF DEVELOPER‘S TAKEN INVESTEMENT OVER PLAN HAD IF DEVELOPER‘S HAD TAKEN BEEN OVER REALIZED PLANIFHAD DEVELOPER‘S BEEN REALIZED PLAN IF HAD DEVELOPER‘S BEEN FORMAL REALIZED PLAN INFORMALITY HAD BEEN FORMAL REALIZED INFORMALITY FORMAL INFO + h ig h e r in di v i d ua l l i v i ng q ua l i ty + soc ial infr astr uc tur e + op en s p a c es = u r b a n q u a l i t i es + s oc i a l d i ver s i t y + in d iv iu al m a i ntenea nce + or ganized mainteneanc e + h i g h d en s i t y + c om m on /p u b l i c s p a c e s operty ++private o ffe r property m high e ets density d em a nd p l a n nprogram ed i n f r a s t r u+cdiverse t u r e program + diverse= u r b a nproperty q u a l i t i es + mixed property + = critical + high mass density = critical+mass high density = critical + high massdensity + diverse = critical program mass+ + diverse +program mixed + mixed prope dividual living ++higher quality living quality s o c iaindividual l+csocial o ntrol pr ivate pr oper ty + s oc=i aurban l c onqualities t r ol &+ ex chan ge infrastructure + social infrastructure -+no social infrastructure + social infrastructure + open spaces = urban + open qualities spaces = urban + qualities open spaces = urban+ qualities open spaces + social diversity social diversity + social divers mainteneance + indiviual+mainteneance monofunc tional n o p r i va t e p r op er t y + u r b a n a n d r u r a l m i x t ur e organized mainteneance + organized mainteneance + organized mainteneance + organized + high mainteneance density + high density + high density + high density + common/public spaces + common/public spaces + common/pu ts demand+-offer mo nmeets o fu n cdemand ti o na l - inever sible c onstr uc tions + planned infrastructure h i g h er r en t + d evel qualities op em en t a=d urban a p te d qualities to th e n e e d s= urban qualit + planned infrastructure + planned infrastructure + planned =infrastructure urban trol +-social n o s ocontrol c-ial intera cti o n poor pr ivate open spac e s oc i a l h om og en i t y no private property- no private property - no private property - no private property + social control & exchange + social control & exchange + social contro - po o r in- fr astructure/com -mmonofunctional o n sp ac es -- monofunctional lac k of c ommon open spac esprivate property- no - nprivate o i n c l uproperty s i on i n t o -t no h e private t i s s u e property of t h e c i-t yno private monofunctional - monofunctional - no + urban property and rural mixture + urban and rural mixture + urban and r n o a d a p t ab i l i ty tional - -monofunctional
- ineversible constructions - ineversible constructions - ineversible constructions - ineversible - higher constructions rent - higher rent - higher rent - higher rent + developement adapted + developement to the needs adapted + developeme to the need nteraction - no social -interaction bad living quality - bad living quality - bad living quality - bad living - social quality homogenity - social homogenity - social homogenity - social homogenity tructure - poor infrastructure - no private open space - no private open space- no private open space - no private - noopen inclusion spaceinto the - no tissue inclusion of theinto citythe tissue - no inclusion of the city into the-tissue no inclusion of the city into the tissue of the city mmon spaces - lack of common - lack ofspaces common open - lack spaces of common open -spaces lack of common open - lack spaces of common open spaces
p r i v a t e u s e s a r e l o c a t e d o n t h e u p p e r f l o o r s . D u e to the r i s i n g d e m a n d f o r i n t e r a ct i o n , t h e e x i s t i n g r u i n s w ill b e g r a d u a l l y r e v i v e d b y g i v i n g t h e m a n e w u s e t h a t ena b les s y n e r g i e s w i t h t h e c o m m o n s p a c e s . T h o s e a r e c a lled the Co r e Ty p o l o g i e s .
SOCI O SPACI AL R E L AT I ON h e r e w e i d e n t i f y t h e f u t u r e actors and their sp a c i a l n e e d s d e r i v i n g t h u s t h e c o m m o n open space (garde n t y p o l o g i e s ) , t h a t w i l l b e p l a c e d o n the site. The auxili a r y s p a c e s o f t h o s e e l e m e n t s a r e b e i n g placed in the groun d f l o o r o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g h o u s e s w h i l e
single unit of
in the
forming a
using the open space as a
cooperating to add a
giving the ruins a new
ACTORS
ROLE
GROUP
GARDEN TYPOLGY
GROUNDFLOOR USE
CORE TYPOLOGY
of:
of:
of:
of:
of:
precarious tenants
co - ops
students
community gardens
co - op spaces
food production educational green
multiple owners community kitchens shops for trade workshops multifunctional rooms
Baugruppen
individuals
enterpreneurs
agricultural fields
service - infrastructure
food production phytogiltering food processing
technical rooms serving rooms garages storages
recreational spaces
temporary occupation
student unions
families
social green ecological green multifunctional
external users
social events cultural events guerilla
businesses
non commoners
permanent residents
market platform 162m x 98m exchange of goods produced in the different units trading with external actors
+
weekly/seasonal/annual market public space, promenade, landmark
exhibition hub 36m x 84m exchange of value-adding knowledge and skills for the producers and organizers
recycling lots
retail
conference, administration, exhibition
sort by materials compostation bikes & electronics repair cafes
vending resources ateliers gastronomy
lab, workshops, seed library
C o m m un it y Dr iven Infr as truc ture
Co m m u n i t y G a r d e n Ty p o l o g y - Floor p la n
wa
recyc
lin
st
g-
e
fe rt
ilis
ctr
ici
er
ecycle non r
able waste
ty
CELLS
EXTERNAL ACTORS exp
osu
re
ds
st
wa
nm
od
en
s
t
de
rt te
n
offe
m
an
d
r
s
sur
od
e
po
go
ai
ex
lter
go
phytofi
e
goo
workforce
e
orce
e
ds
dg
CORES
le
goo
wo
org inc
u
d
ie
nc
e
nged
ow
excha
kn
workf
INTERNAL ACTORS
rkfo
anis
a
ele
at
er
w
rce
ation
ome
knowle
dge
Cr o s s - s e ct i o n t hr oug h the lot
i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l g r i d i s a l s o t h e v i t a l c o n n e c t o r b e t w een the g a r d e n s a n d t h e co r e s : i t e n a b l e s a r e ci p r o ci t y wh en g a rd e n s a n d co r e s a r e b e i n g a ct i v a t e d b y t h e a ct o r s .
THE SPACI AL ST R AT EGY the garde n ty p o lo g i e s a r e be ing plac ed insid e an infrastruc tura l g rid that e n s u r e s o pt imal exploit at io n o f surf ac e and supply ne tw or k . T h i s
IDEN TIFI CATIO N
cells
Cells agricultural field community garden recreational space recycling lot
ACT IVAT ION
cores
Core s market platform exhibition hub
connectors
C o nne c to rs layer of infrastructure for mobility, transportation of goods, water and energy supply
R EC IPR O C ITY
I nte rna l Ou t p u t in the cells inhabitants cultivate resources and create goods which are then sold or traded to external actors
External Input in the cores external actors enter the market where local products are being exposed or visit the exhibition hub where exchange of knowledge and skills take place
THE GROWTH PR OTOCOL o n c e t h e a c to r s a n d t h e spacial element s ha v e be e n id e ntifie d, the gro wt h p r o t o co l can be init iat ed. Fo r a struc ture d and pro duc ticv e o u t co m e
IN ITIATE
PL A N
INITIATE
ecology
4 p a r a m e t e r s h a v e b e e n s e t w h i c h d e t e r m i n e how people g e t t o g e t h e r, a ccl a i m l a n d a n d t h e l o t o ccu pa tion. The g r a d u a l s p r a w l o f t h e s e t t l e m e n t i s t h e n b e i n g d ocumented in 4 phases.
EXECUTE
PLAN
agriculture
Ce l l s < > Co r e s The more goods are being produced and sold on the market platform or exhibited in the hub, the more people become aware of the project. The more the external awareness the higher the input of knowledge and financial resources that again will boost production.
EXECUTE
G R OW GROW
social
technical culture
Coop formation
to carry out common interests and aspirations and to share costs People will experience the commoning through common profit making but also simoultaneously creating common open spaces
Coop formation Actors form co-ops to carry out common interests and aspirations and to share costs. Thus people will experience the commoning through common profit making but also simultaneously creating common open spaces.
Land acclaim
through heritable leasehold making land affordable, excluding its speculation and giving it a value The compromise here it to develop unmarketable properties for private use.
This is an investement of effort in the short term but with a reward in the long term because of income generation and ensured heritage of property
La n d a c c l a i m Commoners acclaim land through heritable leasehold making land affordable, excluding its speculation and giving it a value. The aim here is to develop unmarketable properties for private use. This is an investment of effort in the short term but with a reward in the long term because of income generation and ensured heritage of property.
Construction
actors settle down with the time building homes for their own or for rent as second income and pass it to next generations. Ideally this follows the guidelines of the architect for optimal exploitation of space and organisation of infrastructure
Co n s t r u ct i o n Actors build homes around their co-op cells following the guidelines of the infrastructural grid for optimal exploitation of space and organisation of supply network. The ground floor use is dedicated to the use of the co-op activity. The amount of floors reserved for each actor depends on his needs and financial condition.
Cores
With a central position, huge size and polyvalent form the existing ruins can host different vital functions. Over time they will get redefined and reappropriated. First as a landmark, then promenade, market place, public space, hub.
Co r e s With a central position and polyvalent form, the existing ruins can host different vital functions. Over time they will get redefined and reappropriated. The first ruins as promenade, later as a market place to exchange goods with external actors and as a central public space. The second ruin can house workshop events and labs, later serve as an exhibition hub where fairs and other social events can take place. with the aim of raising external attention and awareness to the project and attracting financial and social exchange.
POS SIBL E OUTCO ME
f u l l y d e v e l op ed scena r io r e cr e a t i o n a l s p a ce (l e f t ), m a r k e t p l a t f o r m (ce n t r a l ), u r b a n ga r d en ( r ig ht)
PHASING
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
the land through long term lease to repress speculation. Guidelines Phas e 1regarding, lot size, building density and height. will be set here The common open spaces have to form the center of each coop cell People with interest with the buildings being setcommon at the 4 edges and their ground floorand use dedicated to the use of the common activity. aspirations form co-ops and acclaim the land through long term lease to repress speculation. The common open spaces form the center of each co-op cell. Ruins are being discovered as a promenade.
P ha se 2 Groups develop and cultivate their common space. They use the building lots for their own or for rent as a second income. Ruins now become the new market platform where locals can trade the new products internally or with external actors.
PExternal hpublic a sresidents espace. 3 can profit from the new activities and play at the new Initiatives between the inhabitants shall strive to projects of common Cells diversify, exchange strengthens, profit, eg a homogenic infrastructure markets take place. External residents can profit from the new activities and occupy the new public space. Initiatives between the inhabitants strive to projects of common profit, e.g. first fairs and workshops inside the exhibition hub for external input.
Phase 4 Full amount of cells, exchange and production take place. The exhibition hub is fully functioning and events become profitable to invest in, central market attracts more external actors. With an organised coordination the site can become a new spot of citywide interest or even transferred to other unused lots.
People with common interest and aspirations for co-ops and acclaim
Groups develop and cultivate their common space. Some of them will occupy the lots only for land use others also to already build their homes next to it. Ruins are being discovered as a landmark and promenade
Cells multiply, exchange strengthens, first markets take place.
Full amount of cells, exchange and production. Exhibition and events become profitable to invest in, central market attracts more external actors. With an organized coordination the site can become a new spot of city-wide interest or even transferred to other unused lots.
ECO - C E N TE R 4 / 201 8
Masterarbeit So ft w a r e : A u t o Ca d , R h i n o, V- Ra y, P h o t o s h o p
F ür : Deim el Oe lschlä g er A r ch . S of tw ar e : Vect or wor ks , Rhi no, V- Ra y, P h o t o s h o p
M U SE U M D E S 21 . JA H RH U N D E RTS 2 /2017
So ft w ar e : A r chica d , A r tla ntis, Pho to sho p
Für : Gro be Architekten
f r e i berufl i c h e Arbe it
SCHÖ NBER GER L INSE 1 / 201 7
VIS UAL I S I E R U N GE N
G R AFIK wicht iger Aspe k t m e i ne r Arb eit smoet hodik ist d i e graphische Repräsentatio n . D i e Ko m plexit ät des Inhalte s b e g r eife ich als Inspiratio n , e h e r als Hindernis. W ä hrend des Studiums ha b e i c h mir dabei das Konstrukti v e A r b eiten in allen relevant e n Pr o g r a m m e n a n e i g n e n k ö n n e n .
F ü r : De i m e l O e l s ch l ä g er A r ch. So ft w a re : I l l u s t r a t o r ( Web & Dr uck )
IN FO G R A FIK E N PLU S E N E R GIE H AU S 8 /2016
19 4
11
15
6
5
5
13
13 1
20 4
4 6
20
1 15 4 9 10
24
7
20 4 10
3
Jan
1
Okt
9
27
Gewinn KWh/Tag Verbrauch
Jul
8
4 35
12 4
8
8 12 4 8
25
12
12 4
35
14 4 9
1
Apr
13 4 9
3
JAHRESBILANZ
4
12
33 36
35
PV Ertrag Wärmepumpenstrom Heizung Haushalts-Stromverbrauch Wärmepumpenstrom Warmwasser Monatsbilanz
TAGESBILANZ
6:00
18:00
24/0
500
1000
1500
2000 W
12.Mai 2016
12:00
Gesamtproduktion Batterieladung Netzeinspeisung Batterieverbrauch Netzbezug Gesamtverbrauch
M A STERARBEIT PR ÄSEN TATIONSPL ÄNE 4 / 2018
5 A0 a uf 160g/ m 2 m a t t S of tw ar e : I llustra to r, I nD e sign
M E H R AU F w w w. k r m l k s . wo r d p r e s s . co m
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