Karolinska institutet annual report 2012 by Karolinska Institutet

Annual Report

2012

Karolinska Institutet is one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading medical universities. Its mission is to contribute to the improvement of human health through research and education. Karolinska Institutet accounts for over 40 per cent of the medical academic research conducted in Sweden and offers the countryÂ´s broadest range of education in medicine and health sciences. Since 1901 the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has selected the Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine.

Cover photo Anna EklĂśf has studied speech and language pathology at Karolinska Institutet. In 2012, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education evaluated every study programme in speech and language pathology in Sweden and Karolinska Institutet got the highest grade. Speech therapists specialise in communication disorders as well as swallowing disorders and the therapy of these disorders. Speech and language pathology studies disorders in human speech, how these disorders arise, what causes it and how to manage them. By injury or disease, people can be affected to the point where it is difficult or impossible to communicate with others. The ability to communicate through language is absolutely vital for the quality of life. .

Annual Report 2012 Karolinska Institutet Ref. no. 1-18/2013

Karolinska Institutet’s education and research 2012

KI Solna Campus 1,478 FTE students Research SEK 1,548 million 1,938 FTE employees

Danderyd Hospital 235 FTE students Research SEK 33 million 26 FTE employees

Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 839 FTE students Research SEK 1,282 million 1,101 FTE employees

Söder Hospital KI Huddinge Campus with Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 3,110 FTE students Research SEK 921 million 1,087 FTE employees

183FTE students Research SEK 40 million 41 FTE employees

“Research” indicates total assets, excluding premises and funding for medical training and research.

Table of contents Karolinska Institutet in brief Key ratios Karolinska Institutet’s structure President’s comments on the year Results of operations Internal management and control

5 6 7 8 10 11

Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and master’s (second-cycle) education

Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education

Common to all operations

Collaboration and innovation

Internationalisation

Quality

Equal opportunities

Sustainable development

Human resources and competence supply

Infrastructure

Financial report Notes The university board Appendix

58 71 80 84

Figures in the tables provided in this annual report have been rounded up, so that the totals, etc., do not appear consistent.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Karolinska Institutet in brief, 2012 Bachelor’s and Master’s education Programmes with number of degrees awarded Professional qualifications • Occupational therapy • Audiology • Midwifery • Biomedical laboratory science • Speech and language pathology • Medicine • Optometry • Psychology • Psychotherapy • Radiography nursing • Physiotherapy • Nursing • Specialist nursing • Dental hygiene • Dentistry • Dental technology

60 18 56 52 4 272 29 18 14 39 107 14 419 38 70 13

General Qualifications • University diplomas • Bachelor’s • Master’s (one year) • Master’s (two year) • Broad Master’s (one year)

1 351 159 137 7

Total 1,878 (No. of individual students: 1,668) KI also arranges single-subject courses for supplementary qualifications and further education. 5,885 full-time equivalent (FTE) students and 5,307 annual performance equivalents (APEs). 305 incoming students and 139 outgoing students on exchange programmes.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Research and education – doctoral level • 5 295 articles published, including others (2011) • 2,165 active doctoral students (≥10% active) • 359 completed doctoral degrees and 14 licentiate degrees Asset management (market capitalisation) • SEK 259 million in fund management • SEK 1,235 million in foundation management Staff 4,192 employees (FTE), comprising: • 367 professors (27%) • 159 senior lecturers (58%) • 161 postdoctoral fellows (51%) • 159 lecturers (75%) • 793 senior research fellows (53%) • 572 doctoral students (64%) • 1,068 lab and technical staff (69%) • 913 administrative staff (84%) Note: The figures in brackets give the percentage of women. Total number of women: 2,662 (64%) Funding Total: SEK 5,646 million, of which: • 2,566 direct government funding • 730 research councils • 389 other government agencies • 738 Swedish foundations and organisations • 197 Swedish companies • 540 county councils and municipalities • 432 foreign financiers, including – 194 EU – 162 foundations and other organisations – 76 companies • 55 financial revenue Premises Total area: 213,881 m2 Cost: SEK 667 million

Key ratios 2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

5,885 154 5,307 170 34 438 57% 43% 2,165 61% 39% 572 380 3.03 4.26 359 14

5,815 146 5,351 159 10 409 61% 39% 2,133 62% 38% 544 340 2.56 4.21 349 14 4,090 1,043

5,524 144 5,050 157

5,595 143 5,012 159

5,336 143 5,052 151

450 62% 38% 2,076 62% 38% 519 347 2.05 4.21 367 21 3,901 1,062

420 61% 39% 2,028 61% 39% 515 342 2.38 3.94 392 17 3,801 1,022

420 60% 40% 2,080 61% 39% 491 362 2.19 3.83 352 15 3,789 925

4,192 4,716 846 46% 54% 714 41% 59% 367 27% 73%

4,109 4,699 845 47% 53% 707 41% 59% 347 26% 74%

3,944 4,545 801 46% 54% 665 40% 60% 331 24% 76%

3,875 4,382 812 47% 53% 634 38% 62% 328 21% 79%

3,453 3,988 753 48% 52% 573 38% 62% 316 20% 80%

5,646 954 87% 13% 4,692 37% 63%

5,340 926 87% 13% 4,415 37% 63%

5,253 851 89% 11% 4,402 36% 64%

4,880 853 89% 11% 4,027 33% 67%

4,476 850 89% 11% 3,626 36% 64%

5,506 52% 12% 3,118 5,017 2,313 108 1,289 82

5,188 53% 11% 2,916 4,899 2,277 145 1,196 97

4,994 52% 11% 2,761 4,658 2,224 255 1,079 129

4,734 53% 12% 2,791 4,105 2,030 149 812 122

4,325 51% 12% 2,696 3,626 1,652 164 665 119

Education and research

FTE, full time equivalent, students1 Cost per FTE student (SEK thousand)* APEs1 Cost per APE (SEK thousand)* Number of fee-paying students New doctoral admissions – women – men Doctoral students, total > 10% activity – women – men Doctoral students with employment (FTEs) Doctoral students with grant (FTEs) Average study time, licentiate students (net) Average study time, doctoral students (net) Doctoral degrees awarded Licentiate degrees awarded Peer-reviewed scientific publications ** Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication (SEK thousand)*** Staff

FTEs Average staff Teaching staff: (FTEs) – women – men Teaching staff with doctoral degrees (FTEs) – women – men Professors (FTEs) – women – men Finance

Revenue, total (SEK million), of which Bachelor’s and Master’s education (SEK million) – direct government funding (%) – external revenue (%) Doctoral education and research (SEK million) – direct government funding (%) – external revenue (%) Costs, total (SEK million) – Staff – Premises Premises costs2 per m2 (SEK) Balance sheet total (SEK million), of which – unexpended grants – change in capital for the year – administrative capital (incl. change in cap. for the year) – of which subsidiaries (KI Holding AB)

1 Excluding contract education and contracted courses. 2 As stated in the revenue statement. * Including costs incurred within funding for medical training and research and the dental care centre. ** Figure not given owing to delay in registration, which would otherwise distort the statistics. The figures for 2008–2010 have also been adjusted due to the aforementioned delay in registration. Also affects cost per publication. *** Including costs incurred within funding for medical training and research.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Karolinska Institutet’s structure 2012 UNIVERSITY BOARD

Internal audit

PRESIDENT

Management Group

University Administration Board of Higher Education Board of Doctoral Education Board of Research

University Library Comparative Medicine KI Holding AB

Councils and Committees 22 DEPARTMENTS KI Solna Campus Department of cell and molecular biology (CMB) Department of physiology and pharmacology (FyFa) Department of learning, informatics, management and ethics (LIME) Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics (MBB) Department of medical epidemiology and biostatistics (MEB) Department of microbiology, tumor and cell biology (MTC) Department of environmental medicine (IMM) Department of Neuroscience (Neuro) KI at Karolinska University Hospital (Solna) and Danderyd Hospital Department of public health sciences (PHS) Department of clinical neuroscience (CNS) Department of clinical science, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS) Department of woman and child health (KBH) Department of medicine, Solna (MedS) Department of molecular medicine and surgery (MMK) Department of oncology–pathology (OnkPat) KI Huddinge Campus with Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Söder Hospital Department of biosciences and nutrition (BioNut) Department of clinical science and education, Söder Hospital (KI SÖS) Department of clinical sciences, intervention and technology (CLINTEC) Department of laboratory medicine (LABMED) Department of medicine, Huddinge (MedH) Department of neurobiology, care sciences and society (NVS) Department of dental medicine ( DENTMED)

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

President’s comments on the year Strong international presence As I write this foreword, the inauguration ceremony for my presidency has recently taken place at the City Hall. I have been commissioned with the leadership of a strong and expanding medical university in a period of great change, which bears the hallmark of my predecessor. I would therefore like to especially thank Professor Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson for all her accomplishments as President of our university. Karolinska Institutet (KI) is today a leading research university with a strong international presence and high visibility in Swedish society. It is with pleasure and pride, but also humility, that I now accept this commission as KI’s twenty-first President. Unique research initiative The government’s latest research and innovation bill provides Sweden with a unique opportunity to increase the international competitiveness of our research. Together with the previous bill, additional annual funds of nine billion have been estimated and a significant portion have been allocated to life sciences. It is a challenge and a great responsibility for the educational institutions and other research actors to channel these resources towards activities that provide the highest quality research. SciLifeLab is becoming a national resource This year, the government has decided to strengthen the focus on Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab) as a national resource for large-scale basic and translational cutting-edge research within molecular life science, medicine and environment. The government’s investment is expected to reach SEK 300 million by 2016. In April 2012, AstraZeneca joined the investment efforts in SciLifeLab previously determined by the government and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. The main priority is to support researcher-initiated translational and patient-oriented research within neurosciences, cancer, respiration, inflammation, infectious diseases, diabetes, other metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The aim is to increase the understanding of disease mechanisms and validate new target molecules for diagnosis and treatment. Programme evaluation In 2012, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education examined nine of KI’s programmes; two of which have received the grade of very high quality, five have received the grade of high quality and two were given the grade of poor quality. The highest grade was achieved by the Speech and language pathology programme and the Bachelor’s education in Psychology, which is a very pleasing result. However, all programmes at KI should constitute high quality education and the long-term goal is for at least 50 per cent of all programmes in the future to obtain the grade of very high quality. Specific intervention measures have been developed for the programmes that were

rated poor quality, but KI is now working with focused efforts to improve quality within all programmes, including elements such as pedagogical development and increased related research. In connection to this, I would like to thank all the KI employees who participated in various ways in the evaluation work. Collaboration with the County Council In the past year, the cooperation with Stockholm County Council (SCC) has been intensified, for example through Project 4D (four diagnoses), in order to create better conditions for clinical research and development within health and medical care. This applies to the areas of heart failure and thromboembolism, arthritic diseases, type 2 diabetes and breast cancer, and informatics. The aim of the project is also to investigate how the results of clinical research can be converted more rapidly into new and improved treatments, as well as to strengthen collaboration with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Mayo Clinic The collaboration with the Mayo Clinic in the United States has deepened. During the year, joint meetings took place in Stockholm as well as in Rochester, Minnesota. A joint operational steering group has been created with the task of structuring and planning future cooperation. As a joint venture, an announcement was made at the end of the year regarding the opportunity to apply for financial aid for travel involved with cooperation projects within research, education, innovation and administration. This is only the first step and I look forward to continued close cooperation and new initiatives in the coming year. Major investments in infrastructure Construction work has been on-going throughout the year, both with our spectacular auditorium and the Widerström Building, which will house the departments of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME) and Public Health Sciences (PHS). In close cooperation with SCC, the intensive process of designing a brand new university hospital will continue, which will include a large laboratory building for translational research with a focus on prevalent diseases. The design of Biomedicum, which will become one of Europe’s largest research laboratories for biomedical basic research, is now almost complete. Donations KI has received a number of donations in 2012, which contribute to our long-term research in a vital way. I want to take this opportunity to mention a few: • Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner for Cardiovascular Research (SEK 28 million)

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

• • • •

Stichting af Jochnick Foundation, research on the underlying causes of diabetes (SEK 15 million) Fredrik Lundberg, research on arterial aneurysm (SEK 13 million) Björn och Lena Ulvaeus, research on blood diseases (SEK 3 million) Mats Sundin, collaboration with the University of Toronto on children’s health (SEK 2 million)

In addition to these larger donations, we have also received numerous donations and gifts of lower amounts and I would like to extend a warm thank you to all our donors for your financial support and commitment to KI. The future I wish to highlight three key issues relevant to KI’s future. We need to strengthen KI’s position as a leading international research university. We therefore need to allocate additional resources to supporting the really promising young researchers at the beginning of their career, in order to ensure regrowth and increase the opportunities for international recruitment. We also need to strengthen our first-cycle programmes, so that we can attract the most energetic, enthusiastic and creative students from all parts of the world. The same requirements of excellence that we place on research must be placed on our programmes. Furthermore, we need to develop our interaction with health and medical care. The healthcare landscape within which KI operates in is undergoing rapid change. The number of individual healthcare providers is growing rapidly, which can lead to fragmentation and thereby jeopardise the epidemiological, clinical, and translational research that constitute important parts of KI’s international competitive ability. Consequently, KI needs to develop a new strategy for collaboration with the health care system. Finally, I would like to point out that KI’s success – past, present and future – is solely thanks to many individual employees’ creativity, brilliance, enthusiasm, competitive desire, loyalty and, not least, hard work. I therefore look forward with great confidence to continued positive development for both research and education at KI.

Anders Hamsten President

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Results of operations The Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance In accordance with Chapter 3, Section 1 of the Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (SFS 2000:605), the authorities shall comment on the results of operations relative to the information set forth in the authority’s instructions and, where appropriate, what the government has specified in public service agreements or in another decision. The profit and loss accounting should primarily relate to how the operation’s performance has evolved in terms of volume and costs. The report must be submitted according to the classification determined by the authority, unless the government has decided otherwise. Instructions for higher education institutions – the Higher Education Act The public service agreement of 2012 for universities and higher education institutions, stipulates that the overall goals for universities’ and higher education institutes’ operations are found in the Higher Education Act. The Act states that the two main tasks of universities and higher education institutions are education, which has a scientific or artistic basis as well as reliable experience, and also research and artistic development along with other development work. Also included in the higher education institutions’ tasks is that they must collaborate with the surrounding society, provide information on their operations and endeavour for their research results, developed at the institution, to be applied in an effective manner.

Operations should also, for example, be conducted in such a way • that there is a close relationship between research and education, • that scientific credibility and good research practices are safeguarded, • that a high quality is achieved within the operations, • that the available resources are utilised effectively, • that sustainable development is promoted within the operations, • that equality between women and men is always observed and promoted, and • that the operations promote an understanding of other countries and international conditions. Furthermore, students should be given the right to influence the education, and the educational institutions should actively promote and broaden the scope of recruitment. Strategy 2012 KI has established a development strategy for 2010–2012: The mission involves contributing to the improvement of people’s health through research and education. The vision is for KI to be one of the world’s leading universities within the medical field. It is on the basis of goals and reporting requirements in the referred to documents that this annual report is developed.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Internal control KI is encompassed by the Internal Control Ordinance (2007:603). In view of the established risk analysis and the implemented and planned work with approved control activities, the Board of Karolinska Institutet’s assessment in the annual report is that internal control at KI is satisfactory. This year’s work has been based on previously agreed rules and guidelines for internal control at KI, where a more thorough risk analysis has been carried out during the financial year 2012. The departure point for the risk analysis has been KI’s mission in accordance with the Higher Education Act and Ordinance, public service agreements and the University’s development strategy. In addition, significant observations in conjunction with internal and external auditing have been considered. This year, the Board of Karolinska Institutet has identified eleven risk areas where decisions have been made regarding targeted control activities: namely, the loss of degree-awarding powers, inadequate teacher access within education, the lack of modern technology platforms and tools within education, limited opportunities for clinical research and education, scientific fraud, restrictive regulations on registry data and animal activity, the lack of research documentation, inadequate medical informatics for KI/SCC, insufficient adaptation at KI based on changes in healthcare, the lack of compliance with the Public Procurement Act and reclamation due to poor management of funds and reporting to external financiers. During the year, previously approved control activities have been followed up on two occasions, where significant results have been reported to the Board of Karolinska Institutet, including the development of KI’s information security and IT.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

A framework for information security measures has been developed with comprehensive preparations for implementation. In the autumn of 2012, two senior positions were also filled within information security and IT. On 13 February 2012, the Swedish National Audit Office submitted an audit report containing observations relating to the procurement and purchasing process where KI, in its official letter to the National Audit Office on 23 April 2012, had reported planned and implemented measures within the area. During the year, work has continued to significantly strengthen internal controls in order to ensure that the Public Procurement Act is followed. Further development work is required. In a decision on 29 May 2012, the Office of the Chancellor of Justice was extremely critical of KI for deficiencies in record keeping and case administration. Throughout the fiscal year, major efforts have been instituted in order to overcome these shortcomings. These measures have included the clarification of responsibilities, training initiatives and a review of the operations’ registration. Preparations have been made for the introduction of a new registration system and electronic workflow management system which will be up and running in 2013. In order to improve the efficiency, quality assurance and integration of the internal control process, as well as operational planning and monitoring, the Board of Karolinska Institutet reached a decision on 20 February 2012 regarding activities in KI’s annual plan for 2012–2013. The work has resulted in clearer instructions for operational planning and KI’s first comprehensive operational plan containing tasks and a budget for the coming year.

Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Prospectus programmes in medical and surgical care respectively were launched in the autumn term of 2012. The Master Programme in Health Informatics was modified prior to 2012 and is now a programme comprising a joint degree together with Stockholm University. The aim is to provide the programme with a clearer link to the on-going research within the field at both universities. As KI estimates an over-production in the next few years, decisions have been made that aim to adjust the prospectus to the established funding cap. During the year, KI commenced the phasing out of two beginners study programmes, Dental Technology and Public Health Sciences. Decisions have also been reached to significantly reduce the scope of single-subject courses, but this will not enter into effect until 2013. In 2012, the breakdown into different types of programmes and courses, as well as the breakdown of courses into first-cycle and second-cycle, remained unchanged for the most part from 2011, which is illustrated in the tables below.

Karolinska Institutet is unique in Sweden with respect to its broad, virtually comprehensive prospectus within medicine and healthcare. KI offered 40 study programmes during the year and advertised over 130 separate single-subject courses. The focus of the prospectus is on programmes that lead to a professional qualification as well as continuing education for those who already have an education within health and medical care. KI continually reviews its prospectus and has in recent years strived to concentrate the selection of programmes on offer. An established goal is for KI to only offer programmes with active research within the main subject area. KI is also endeavouring to adapt the prospectus to the receivers’ needs, as well as increase the proportion of programmes at the second-cycle level. There have been few new initiatives this year as KI has had a period of over-production, wherein funding savings will be exhausted for the nest few years. Two new specialist nursing

Breakdown of programmes that lead to a general qualification, programmes that lead to a professional qualification and single-subject courses 2009 FTEs

2010 %

FTEs

2011 %

FTEs

2012 %

FTEs

General qualification – beginner

328

264

248

211

General qualification – continuation

344

393

443

424

3,939

3,726

3,832

3,976

Professional qualification – continuation

585

566

582

573

Single-subject courses

399

575

709

701

5,595

100

5,524

100

5,815

100

5,885

100

Professional qualification – beginner

Total Source: Ladok

Bachelor’s and Master’s courses (including courses settled against supplementary funding) 2009

2010

2011

2012

FTEs

Bachelor’s

3,603

3,423

3,480

3,554

Master’s

1,848

2,035

2,289

2,290

144

5,595

100

5,524

100

5,815

100

5,885

100

Unclassified Total Source: Ladok

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Professional qualification course for opticians KI assessed that there was no identifiable need to initiate a professional qualification course for opticians in 2012.

The students In general, KI’s programmes have a high acceptance ratio and this figure has increased somewhat when compared to 2011. The total number of qualified first choice applicants has increased by slightly more than two per cent in comparison with 2011. The Study Programme in Medicine and the Study Programme in Psychology have the highest acceptance ratio at KI, as well as

in a national perspective. Following a fairly significant decline in 2011 – resulting from the introduction of tuition fees – the acceptance ratio for the one- and two-year Master’s programmes has increased again, both in the national and international admissions rounds.

Widening participation Widening participation involves both the recruitment of new groups of students – with the aim of reducing the recruitment imbalance – as well as the creation of good study conditions for those already studying at the university. During 2012, KI intensified its efforts with regard to language support for students, through expanding language support in Swedish. In addition, KI offers language support in English starting from 2012. KI also offers language support at a distance, an activity that is primarily aimed at students studying abroad. The previously available seminar series on scientific writing has, during the year, been provided within additional study programmes. Finally, KI also offers students a lecture series in study skills and stress management.

As part of efforts to widening participation, KI has, for example, introduced student ambassadors. The student ambassadors visit and present KI’s range of activities at upper secondary schools within Stockholm county. KI seeks as diverse a group of ambassadors as possible, both in terms of gender and ethnicity. Furthermore, KI collaborates with Huddinge, Solna and Tensta upper secondary school, where collaborative activities are ongoing. These activities include elements such as inspirational lectures and study visits. Another important part of the work with widening participation is that KI offers prospective students the opportunity to ”shadow a student”.

Acceptance ratio by programme type (qualified first-choice applicants) 2009

2010

2011

2012

Places

Ratio

Places

Ratio

Places

Ratio

Places

Ratio

Beginner

986

4.8

1,142

5.1

1,297

4.6

1,245

4.9

Continuation - excl. Master’s (1/2 year)

678

2.1

511

2.9

618

3.1

674

2.8

Master’s (1/2 year)

225

2.8

334

2.9

362

1.9

325

2.3

1,889

3.6

2,087

4.1

2,277

3.8

2,244

3.9

Total

Sources: VHS (Swedish Agency for Higher Education Services), NyA Open

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Breakdown by age As shown in the diagram below, the percentage of beginners under 24 years of age has increased significantly between 2011 and 2012, and – with the exception of 2010 – an increase is also

noted in comparison to previous years. The increase in percentage of younger students may be due to the new admissions and selection criteria introduced in 2010.

Age distribution of beginners on beginner’s programmes 2012

Age distribution of beginners on continuation programmes 2012

100%

>35 years 25–34 years

>35 years

100%

>35 years

25–34 years

80%

80% < 24 years

< 24 years

60%

< 24 years

25–34 years

40%

20%

25–34 years

< 24 years

>35 years

2009 2010 2011

2012

< 24 years

2009 2010 2011

2012

Student influence Student participation is an important part of KI’s drafting and decision making processes. Students at all levels have the opportunity to influence KI’s drafting and decision making bodies, including KI’s Management Group. A strong student presence is particularly important in bodies that have a direct responsibility for matters of education. KI therefore requires that at least one student representative be present at meetings for such bodies to be quorate, provided that a student representative has been appointed. In 2012, women constituted 68 per cent of the student representatives in decision-making bodies: KI’s Board, the internal executive boards and programme committees, an increase of five percentage points compared with 2011. However, the difference in nominal terms is small. In the programme committees, the gender distribution is

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

representative of the student population – 73 per cent being women – which is not the case in the other aforementioned bodies. In order to promote student influence, KI organises annual seminars for students active within KI’s drafting and decisionmaking bodies. Students are educated on applicable laws and provisions as well as on KI’s organisational and decision-making structure. At the programme committee level, continuous discussions are conducted on the importance of student influence. KI has an agreement with the two unions at the University regarding their responsibility for student participation and educational affairs. Included in the agreement is financial support for these tasks, as well as for the Students’ and Graduate Students’ Ombudsman. During the year, a new agreement has been drawn up for 2013–2015.

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Admissions to the Study Programme in Psychology The Study Programme in Psychology at KI began in the autumn term of 2007 with 40 places. In the public service agreement for 2009 and 2010 respectively, KI was awarded an additional 15

beginner places (7.5 FTE students), which means that the planned number of beginner places is 70. In the autumn term 2012, 84 students were registered on term 1.

FTE students in the Study Programme in Medicine and Study Programme in Dentistry According to the public service agreement, KI is to report the number of FTE students on both the Medicine and Dentistry programmes. The information is shown in the table to the right. The way in which the number of FTE students has developed over time is presented in Table 6 of the Tables appendix.

Total number of FTE students in the Study Programme in Medicine and Study Programme in Dentistry 2012 Study Programme in Medicine 1,516 Study Programme in Dentistry 396 Source: Ladok

Degrees awarded The total number of degrees awarded has decreased significantly when compared to 2011; from 2,239 to 1,878. The decrease is due to KI – as a result of losing its degree-awarding powers – having no admissions to the Study Programme in Nursing during 2009. This impacts both the number of nursing degrees

awarded and Bachelor degrees with nursing as their main field of study. Several other degrees have increased in number. This year, the first batch of psychology students at KI graduated. The number of degrees awarded per programme is shown in Table 7 in the Tables appendix.

Number of degrees awarded Degree

2009

2010

2011

2012

Professional qualifications

1,488

1,416

1,466

1,223

697

728

773

655

Total number of degrees

2,185

2,144

2,239

1,878

Total number of individuals

1,792

1,786

1,888

1,668

General Qualifications

Commissioned work Commissioned work at KI consists of two parts: contract education and contracted courses. The revenue for commissioned work has, as shown in the diagram to the right, decreased somewhat when compared with 2011, and amounts to over SEK 70 million in 2012. Municipalities and county councils are the single largest clients.

75 60 45 30 15 0

Revenue from commissioned work, 2003–2012, excluding tuition fees

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2011 2012

Source: Agresso

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Revenue from commissioned work divided by financier, 2012 Foreign 11%

Other government agencies 9%

Swedish companies 19% County councils and municipalities 45% Organisations and foundations 4%

Higher educational institutions 12%

Source: Agresso

Contract education In total, revenue from contract education has diminished. This is due to a decrease in the extent of non-accrediting contract education. Accrediting contract education has however increased compared to 2011, both in terms of revenue, FTE students and APEs. Through a strategic initiative aimed at healthcare providers, further commissions have been generated. An in-

crease has been observed in several subject fields, such as social psychiatry and medicine. This year, the National Board of Health and Welfare has been a major client, but these commissions ended in 2012. In 2013, the current recession is expected to result in a decrease in the extent of accrediting contract education.

FTE students and APEs in contract education 2009

2010

2011

2012

FTE students

181

178

235

250

APEs

192

128

202

222

Source: Ladok

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Internationalisation the number of incoming students is relatively consistent (see Table 8 in the Tables appendix for more information). The decline in exchange within the framework of the LinnaeusPalme programme has decreased owing to several projects coming to an end and new projects being in the development phase. Only planning trips and teacher exchange take place during this development phase. In addition to this, a number of KI students each year complete part of their thesis work abroad within exchange programmes. In 2012, a number of medical students have also conducted data collection abroad for their thesis, however not within the framework of an exchange programme. Students who participate in international courses such as ”Global Health” and ”Medical development in Europe and the EU” also complete part of their education abroad. Action has taken to develop a new action plan for the internationalisation of first-cycle and second-cycle programmes during the year. The goal of the plan is for KI graduates to have the ability to work both in multicultural environments and in an international market with varying economic and social conditions. KI should also be an attractive study destination for international students.

Internationalisation work at KI is conducted in accordance with the ”Action plan for the internationalisation of first-cycle and second-cycle education, 2010–2012”. This year, KI and the student unions have cooperated in order to improve the reception and services provided for incoming students. This work is vital for attracting foreign students, not least those subject to tuition fees. Furthermore, KI has collaborates with the University of Oviedo in Spain within the Erasmus Mundus programme; the one year Master’s programme ”Public Health in Disasters” comenses in 2013. This programme leads to a joint degree. In addition, the annual activities have been carried out, such as information meetings regarding teacher and student exchange, social activities for incoming teachers and students, as well as courses in teaching in English. The scope of KI’s longstanding collaboration with Makerere University in Uganda has been further expanded in 2012 with the addition of two more of KI’s study programmes. KI is working to increase teacher exchange. The number of outgoing teachers has, however, halved during the year due to the government exchange programme ”Mobility for Teachers and Students within higher education, 2011–2012” coming to an end. The number of outgoing students has also declined, while

Student exchange, 2012

ASIA NORTH AMERICA EUROPE

225 65 25 10

21 31

14 13 AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA

16 15

OCEANIA

INCOMING TO KI

OUTGOING FROM KI

Source: Ladok

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

FTE students, 2012 Total 5,885

Single-subject courses 12% Medicine 26% Master’s programmes 7%

Other continuation programmes 2%

Specialist nursing (cont.) 8% Physiotherapy 6% Biomedical lab science 3%

Nursing 10%

Other beginners’ programmes 12%

Occupational therapy 3%

Psychology 4% Dentistry 7%

Source: Ladok

Educational assignment Full-time equivalent students (FTEs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs) In 2012, the number of FTE students was 5,885 and the number of APEs 5,307 within the framework of the funding cap. The result is slightly lower than previously forecast. The result for 2012 is SEK 11.2 million over the funding cap, including remuneration for APEs from December 2011. The number of FTE students has increased somewhat in comparison to 2011, while the number of APEs has decreased. This is mainly due to the fact that there were 39 course weeks during 2012 compared to the normal 40 and that, as a result,

more examinations will be registered in the calendar year 2013. The calculated remuneration for the year’s activities amounts to SEK 598,958,000. Together with the performances from December 2011 of SEK 1,400,000 the direct government funding for 2012 will thus be burdened with SEK 600,358,000. This gives an outgoing appropriations saving of 49,785,000. Each programme’s share of the total number of FTE students is illustrated in the diagram below. The number of FTE students and APEs within the different programmes is shown in Table 6 of the Tables appendix.

Remuneration for FTE students and APEs within the funding cap including December performances, 2009–2012, SEK thousands 2009

2010

2011

2012

Funding cap

552,204

619,449

616,148

589,150

Remuneration

532,674

553,772

587,977

600,358

Under/over funding cap

-19,530

-65,677

-28,171

11,208

Including supplementary appropriations during the period 2009–2011 Sources: Ladok, public service agreement

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Tuition fees for students from a third country KI had a total of 60 fee-paying students in 2012. Within the framework of tuition fee activities, seven Master’s programmes have been offered in English during the year. KI also offered a number of single-subject courses, along with courses within the framework of the EuroScholars consortium and Stockholm Summer School. The latter is a collaboration between KI, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University. Thirtyone new students were registered in KI’s two-year Master’s programmes in the autumn term of 2012. In addition, one student was registered in the complementary training for dentists. Of the 32 fee-paying students, 12 had a full scholarship while 20 students paid fees. Of the total number of registered students in term 1 of the Master’s programmes in English, third country students represented 15 per cent in 2012. The corresponding figure for 2011 was 14 per cent. In 2012, the number of FTE students was 33.6 and the number of APEs was 27.7. International students’ satisfaction with the quality of education and reception services has increased significantly, as reflected in the International Student Barometer 2011/12.

The investments made by KI within operations financed by tuition fees are also intended to benefit the university’s other educational activities. KI’s assessment is that operations financed by tuition fees involve a certain amount of extra administrative work. No new strategic agreements have been signed with universities outside the EU/EEA area as a result of the introduction of tuition fees. In 2012, KI had 80 third country students within the framework of exchange agreements, compared with 89 students the previous year. Less than SEK 2.8 million of the costs in 2012 represent remuneration to the departments providing the courses. Other costs consist of administration and marketing initiatives.

Revenue and costs for operations financed by tuition fees (SEK thousand) 2011 2012 Revenue 1,708 5,724 Costs 3,645 5,895 Total -1,937 -171 Source: Agresso

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Quality The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education’s evaluations have been in focus throughout 2012. Ten of KI’s programmes have been audited. Two programmes received the grade of ”very high quality”, five received the grade of ”high quality” and two were given the grade of ”poor quality”. In one case, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education has not yet reached a decision. As several of KI’s programmes lead to both general qualifications and professional qualifications, the self-evaluation process has been extensive. This process has constituted a vital part of the internal quality work, as shortcomings identified through the self-evaluation have been immediately addressed. KI has developed action plans for those programmes that received a ”poor quality” grade, and the assessment is that the level of quality will be deemed satisfactory when the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education performs its follow-up evaluation. KI will analyse and take advantage of the success factors found in the programmes receiving a ”very high quality” grade. Measures to improve the quality of education In order to ensure and improve the quality of KI’s degree project work, all syllabi for degree projects will be audited, along with almost one hundred theses. The preliminary results of the audits reveal that a number of syllabi need to be revised to achieve a higher compliance with the qualitative targets of the Higher Education Ordinance. Furthermore, it appears that the process of systematic quality assurance of degree projects must continue. It should be noted that, as the audit reveals, shortcomings in the syllabi do not necessarily result in quality deficiencies in the projects. There is an on-going dialogue regarding the steps that need to be taken based on the results of the audits. During the year, KI has worked to define what constitutes excellence in education. The purpose is to provide the educational organisation with tools for continued strategic quality management. At the start of the year, KI implemented a new criterion- referenced course evaluation that is common to all programmes. The survey is currently being evaluated. Measures to improve the quality of teaching activities There are currently several functions at KI with the task of supporting the professional development of teachers and supervisors and developing the teaching quality within the programmes. In order to optimise this support, KI has decided to organisationally coordinate these functions starting in 2013.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Teacher training courses and professional development In 2012, ten different courses were provided for KI teachers in teaching and learning in higher education. The Educational Congress in 2012, thus far organised annually by KI, focused on the possibilities of developing student learning with the help of IT. There were more than 300 participants in the Congress, mostly comprising teachers, students and clinical supervisors from KI. KI’s Teachers’ Day was conducted with the theme ”Sustainable education – choices for the future”. The Teachers’ Day focused on sustainable development in a broad perspective that included aspects of internationalisation, equal opportunities, entrepreneurship and ethics. Funding for pedagogical projects and distinctions Each year, KI sets aside funds for pedagogical development projects that aim to develop and improve the quality of firstcycle and second-cycle education. Funding was granted to five different projects in 2012. In addition to the KI-specific funds, Stockholm County Council (SCC) allocates project funding for pedagogical research and development projects within Stockholm’s health sciences programmes. KI annually presents awards to teachers, teacher teams, or administrative staff who have conducted significant work with pedagogical development or renewal within first-cycle or second-cycle programmes. During the year, three new members were appointed to be included in the Pedagogical Academy. Established in 2011, the aim of the Academy is to create a network for KI teachers. Development of learning environments and student engagement Throughout 2012, work continued on the project ”Future Learning Environments”, which is a collaboration with SCC. The project aims to develop both formal and informal learning environments at KI and at hospitals. Two informal environments have been inaugurated this year, on campus in Huddinge and Solna respectively, and similar projects will be carried out at the Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Södersjukhuset (Stockholm South General Hospital) and Danderyd Hospital. The students seem to benefit from these environments and an evaluation of the project has been initiated. The successful seminar series ”Get inspired by a professor” that started in 2011 has continued its run during 2012. In order for as many students as possible to take part in the lectures, they are being published on KI’s website.

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Equal opportunities in teaching Gender distribution Most of KI’s first-cycle and second-cycle programmes have a distorted gender ratio, where men are in the minority. It is only the Study Programme in Medicine that has a relatively even gender distribution. Overall, the changes compared to 2011 are very small, but differences can be noted at a programme level, for example, the proportion of women among beginners in the Dentistry programme increased by about 12 percentage points. It is difficult to influence the gendered educational choices. A similar gender distribution to that of KI can be found at other universities with health science programmes, as well as in the labour market the students encounter following graduation. KI initiatives aimed at encouraging a more even gender distribution among the students include always having representatives from both sexes in the marketing campaigns targeting prospective students. KI has also conducted a special project with purpose of providing in-depth knowledge on why young men are not as likely to apply to programmes in medicine and healthcare. The results have been published in the book ”Passing the ball and fitting in: Masculinity, football and genderrelated education choices”. These results may also be used by KI in the context of future recruitment efforts.

non-discrimination is, for example, addressed in courses dealing with patient treatment issues and the future professional role of the students, but also in courses dealing with knowledge areas where a link can be made between different patient groups and the occurrence of disease. Several programmes have also introduced issues of discrimination in their course evaluation surveys. Furthermore, individual study programmes have conducted surveys of students comprising the underrepresented sex. These surveys show that they have a need for male role models and the possibility of meeting in a single-sex environment. As increased knowledge and awareness among supervisors and teachers is one of the most important conditions for equal opportunities in education, KI offers its teachers and clinical supervisors training in these issues. In 2012, approximately 130 teachers and supervisors participated in this training. KI also offers training to the students, primarily with regard to the Discrimination Act and a non-discrimination perspective in education. In 2012, around 165 students participated in this training. In addition, all new students are informed about discrimination legislation and about the support services available at KI.

The non-discrimination perspective in teaching During 2012, the non-discrimination perspective has had a greater impact in several of KI’s programmes. The subject of

Gender distribution of beginners on beginner’s programmes, 2012 Occupational therapy

Women

Audiology

Men

Biomedicine Biomedical lab science Speech pathology & therapy Medicine Optometry Psychology Radiology nursing Physiotherapy Nursing Dental hygiene Dentistry Total

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Gender distribution of beginners on continuation programmes, 2012 Midwifery

Women Men

Psychotherapy Specialist nursing Odontological prophylactis Master’s 1 year Master’s 2 year Total 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Special undertakings Dental care In accordance with the public service agreement, Karolinska Institutet is required to operate a dental care centre in connection with its dentistry education. The dental care centre should cater to both the programme’s needs and the need for clinical odontological research and development. The facility consists of both paediatric and adult dental care. Services available at the dental care centre include everything from advice to advanced specialist care. Support functions are connected to the activities. During 2012, the centre’s activities involved approximately 36,500 patient visits. The appropriation item for the dental care centre was SEK 92,640 and the total cost was SEK 111,304. Aside from the designated government funding, KI allocates additional funds to these activities. Complementary training for doctors, nurses and dentists from third countries Together with the universities of Lund, Gothenburg and Linköping, KI is commissioned with providing complementary training for individuals from third countries who have completed a degree in medicine, dentistry or nursing. KI coordinates the educational initiatives. The complementary training for doctors involves one year’s full time studies (60 credits), of which 30 credits are earned through placements. The programme builds on the students’ previous knowledge and experience, and great emphasis is placed on students integrating their knowledge and skills in a Swedish healthcare context. The combined experience achieved through the programme is considered positive from both a student and course management perspective. However, the availability of high quality placements is, to a certain extent, still a problem. The student’s knowledge of the Swedish language is crucial both for the student’s ability to follow the programme and when it comes to deepening their professional knowledge. The complementary training for nurses involves one year’s full time studies (60 credits). Theoretical studies are interspersed with work based elements. During 2012, the syllabus for the programme has been revised in order to clarify the intended learning outcome. Furthermore, medical Swedish has been integrated into all aspects of the course, and the parts of

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

the programme taking place on campus have been given a more clinical focus. As with previous years, KI has found that a good knowledge of Swedish is essential for successfully completing the education. The complementary training for dentists involves one year’s fulltime studies (60 credits) and consists of both theory and clinical skills training. Experiences from the second round of education suggest that students’ theoretical and clinical knowledge vary to a significant extent, and that the education must be adapted to the students’ abilities. Prior to 2013, KI will revise the syllabi in order to facilitate adaptation to the needs of individual students. As with previous experience, it has been found that knowledge of the Swedish language also varies. A pilot project is being conducted in 2012 and 2013 together with Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) in Södertälje Municipality in order to enable students to improve their knowledge of Swedish. Utilisation of funds for complementary training Revenue per FTE student amounts to almost SEK 237,000 for the complementary training for doctors, more than SEK 131,000 for the education for nurses and more than SEK 302,000 for the education for dentists. The manner in which these resources have been used is presented below. In the item ”admissions”, only admissions costs at the departmental level are included (overall assessment). Other admissions costs are included in the indirect costs. In order for the data regarding the proportion of funds being used for teaching not to be misleading, data on placements should also be included. KI continuously monitors the students undertaking complementary training in order to make individual adjustments – insofar as it is financially possible. During 2012, KI developed a survey questionnaire that, in 2013, will be distributed to all who have participated in complementary training. The purpose of this study is mainly to investigate the extent to which those who completed the education have found work as a doctor, dentist or nurse.

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Reporting of certain data Qualified applicants Registered Non-completion Number of FTE students* Graduates Complementary training for doctors Spring term Autumn term

– 72

18 (20) 20

0 0

9.90 8.50

16 –

Complementary training for nurses Spring term – 25 (26) 0 13.75 24 Autumn term 33 25 0 10.63 – Complementary training for dentists Spring term – 15 (16) 0 8.25 16 Autumn term 46 16 0 6.80 –

* Number of FTE students includes students subject to tuition fees. () indicates the number of students registered for the autumn term 2011. Sources: Ladok, NyA

Utilisation of funds for complementary training, 2012 (% of costs) Doctors

Nurses

Dentists

Planning

Admissions

Validation

Teaching

Placement

Other, incl. indirect costs

29 29

Total

100

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Other Task of developing clinical education and research KI has received SEK 1,603 (thousand) (2:72 ap. 9) for the development of clinical education and research. The need to develop clinical education remains high, which is why KI decided to use the funds for activities at the Centre for Clinical Education (CCE). CCE – which is a collaborative body between KI, Stockholm County Council (SCC) and the individual higher eduction institutions in Stockholm – has an overall and coordinating responsibility for placements within Stockholm County health and medical care. Activities are run within four operational areas: Interprofessional Education (IPE), pedagogical inservice training for teachers, pedagogical development and research, and quality and logistics in work integrated learning. Within the Interprofessional Education, various seminars and workshops have been conducted to increase skills and awareness with regard to interprofessional learning. Within the

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

framework of pedagogical in service training, both managers and leaders within healthcare and placement supervisors have been offered various forms of professional development. With regard to pedagogical development and research, a teacher’s academy has been created. The academy constitutes a common platform for teachers and supervisors where issues of a pedagogical nature can be discussed. Furthermore, KI – for example, via CCE – has been involved in the construction of academic medical centres, whose aim is to integrate research, education and development in primary care. In 2012, efforts continued to develop an evaluation instrument for placements. During 2013, it is estimated that the instrument will be implemented in some of the County Council’s activities. In addition, a training for students focusing on the keeping of medical records, treatment, confidentiality and hygiene has been developed. This programme will be tested, after which it will be enter into operation in 2013.

Bachelor’s and Master’s education

Financial report The revenue and cost development for Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education is presented in the table below. The revenue from government funding is presented including funding for medical training and research. Further information can be found under the financial report.

Unallocated revenue and costs Profit from shares in subsidiaries and associated companies, as well as tax collection, is not distributed within lines of business. See the revenue statement in the section Financial report.

Total for first- and second-cycle education, SEK millions Revenue Direct government funding Fees and other remuneration

2009 2010 2011 2012 759.2

754.0

805.5

833.1

84.9

83.9

100.0

100.6

Grants

8.8 12.7 20.6 19.8

Financial

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Total revenue

852.9 850.7 926.2 953.6

Costs Staff

420.3 434.0 488.2 507.7

Premises

100.5 99.6 99.0 109.2

Other operations

304.4 295.1 318.1 335.7

Financial Depreciation Total costs

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 23.6 23.3 17.9 12.2 849.0 852.1 923.5 965.0

Transfers Government funding

4.2 4.3 7.3 7.6

Funding from other government agencies

1.9

Contributions paid

0.0

-6.1 -4.3 -7.3 -7.6

Change in capital for the year Annum

3.9 -1.4 2.6 -11.4

Balanced (IB)

134.1 137.9 136.5 139.1

Total (UB)

137.9 136.5 139.1 127.8

Source: Agresso

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education

Doctoral education and research

Research New research findings – some examples As a medical university, KI conducts research within a broad spectrum of subjects covering all types of diseases. The research is carried out at all levels, from purely experimental laboratory research on the mapping of disease emergence and development, to more patient related treatment research and clinical trials. Here is a selection of new findings that have been published in highly ranked scientific journals over the past year. Breast cancer Several research reports on breast cancer have been presented during the year, which is now the most common form of cancer in women. Breast cancer is classified according to surface markers exhibited by cancer cells, which is of crucial importance with regard to choice of treatment. It has now been proven that these markers change during the course of a patient’s disease (Journal of Clinical Oncology, June). Clinical observations and a genetic mutation relevant to the disease prognosis have also been presented (Journal of Clinical Oncology, August and October). Two major clinical trials (Phase 3) revealed that treatment of breast cancer with two drugs in combination was no more effective than treatment with a single drug (Journal of Clinical Oncology, February). Nowadays, an increasing number of women survive following breast cancer treatment, and one study has shown that the vast majority return to their previous employment and continue working to the same extent as before the diagnosis (Journal of Clinical Oncology, July). Cancer drugs The small cell molecule p53, which protects against tumour development and which is mutated in about half of all cancer cells, is an attractive target for cancer medications. An initial human trial involving a substance that recreates a mutated p53 has revealed promising results (Journal of Clinical Oncology, September). Several studies have revealed factors at the cellular, molecular and genetic level that provide a greater understanding of how cancer cells function and, thus, how they can be tackled (Science, November, Journal of Experimental Medicine, February, Nature Biotechnology, February and July). Quality of life A majority of the patients who have undergone surgery for tracheal cancer were found, during a follow up after five years, to consider themselves having a high quality of life. A small group, however, had persistent and increasing discomfort from the surgery (Journal of Clinical Oncology, January and April). The fact that people diagnosed with cancer run a significantly higher risk of suicide or death from cardiovascular disease directly after receiving their diagnosis has provided new knowledge considered important for both relatives and healthcare professionals (New England Journal of Medicine, April). A study has shown that women who are about to undergo

cancer treatment receive significantly less information on how the treatment will affect their future ability to have children, when compared to men in the same situation (Journal of Clinical Oncology, May). The importance of palliative, nonpharmacological care in the final stage of life has been described in the form of body care, touch, a safe environment and rituals surrounding death. (PLOS Medicine, February). Blood disease A preliminary review of all Swedish patients with chronic blood diseases, or myeloproliferative diseases, revealed that the prognosis for survival has improved somewhat in recent decades (Journal of Clinical Oncology, July). Rheumatoid arthritis A new drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has proven as effective as biological drugs but, unlike these, the new preparation can be taken in tablet form (New England Journal of Medicine, August). In another study, a biological drug was revealed to be effective when taken in tandem with conventional medication, at least during the first two years of treatment (Lancet, May). One study has also changed the evaluation of blood clot risk in RA. The risk was certainly elevated but was not related to hospitalisation, something which was previously assumed (Journal of the American Medical Association, October). Heart failure Heart failure is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation and death, and occurs in various forms. An analysis of data from the national heart failure registry suggests that commonly prescribed drugs for heart failure and high blood pressure can have a wider range of applications than previously known and can also be employed against ’HFPEF’, a type of heart failure which had, to date, lacked an established treatment plan (Journal of the American Medical Association, November). Recent results also suggest that treatment with a so-called ’biventricular pacemaker’ could be of value, even for patients with a milder case of heart failure (European Heart Journal, October). Blood vessels The mapping of the arginase enzyme, which counteracts the formation of protective nitric oxide in the blood vessels, has led to a completely new explanatory model for how vascular complications present in diabetic patients (Circulation, November). Physical activity Further importance has been attributed to physical activity when it was revealed that muscular weakness in youth is associated with the increased risk of premature death, mainly due to suicide or cardiovascular disease (British Medical Journal, November). Research has shown that exercise provides

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

so-called epigenetic changes in the DNA of muscle cells, which affects their ability to respond to different signals from the body (Cell Metabolism, March). Obesity A look back at individuals who have undergone gastric bypass surgery revealed that they continued to utilise health services to the same extent as people who received conventional obesity treatment, despite the fact that surgery often resulted in sustained weight loss and therefore a reduced risk of diseases such as diabetes, coronary thrombosis, stroke and cancer (Journal of the American Medical Association, September). Diabetes A completely new way to treat diabetes has been tested on mice. The method is to block a signal path and thus prevent fat being stored in the ”wrong” places in the body, such as the muscles and heart (Nature, September). KI researchers have participated in several international research consortia which have identified different genetic variants that affect how type 2 diabetes develops (Nature Genetics, May and August). Infections An analysis of several international studies of the three infectious diseases HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis C among homeless groups showed that the occurrence of the diseases among these groups was significantly higher than among the general population. However, the prevalence of these diseases was unevenly distributed between groups and countries (Lancet, August). It has also been shown that the incidence of condyloma, genital warts, has fallen sharply in young women in Sweden, which is likely due to the currently available HPV (Human papillomavirus) vaccine (Journal of Infectious Diseases, July). Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in the genetic material of the cell’s mitochondria can cause a variety of serious illnesses such as muscular weakness, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It has now been shown that the risk of a child inheriting a mitochondrial disease is already determined when the future mother is an embryo (Nature Genetics, October). Brain cells The regeneration of neurons in various parts of the brain has been studied intensively in recent years. It has now been shown that the area of the brain needed to interpret odour recognition differs between humans and other mammals, whereby no new neurons are formed there in humans after birth. This could explain why the human sense of smell is normally so much worse than that of an animal (Neuron, May). A whole new group of neurons in the brain that are significant with regard to, for example, heart rate and blood pressure, have been described (Journal of Clinical Investigation, December). Two molecules

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

have been identified which are important for the survival and regeneration of neurons in the brain, including dopamineproducing neurons. This is a discovery that could ultimately have implications for treating diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (Nature Chemical Biology, December). Alzheimer’s disease An initial clinical trial of a potential vaccine for Alzheimer’s disease showed that the vaccine was well received by the body and that an immune response developed against the harmful peptide beta amyloid (Lancet, June). In another study, research showed that even minor forms of amyloid are likely to have significance for the development of Alzheimer’s disease, and that these could be a potential target for future drugs (Neurology, June). Mental illness During depression, the brain’s ability to change is reduced and it becomes less adaptable with regard to issues such as memory storage. Research has now shown that this is due to the impaired function of the brain’s support cells, knowledge that can pave the way for new methods of treating depression (Molecular Psychiatry, February). A clear correlation has been discovered between premature birth and an increased risk of mental illness later in life, such as bipolar disorder, psychosis and depression. This can probably be explained by abnormalities in brain development where the nervous system of preterm births is immature and extremely sensitive (Archives of General Psychiatry, June). Potential risks have been highlighted for cases both with and without drug treatment during pregnancy for women with bipolar disorder. The analysis revealed a difficult balance between the risks of deep depression resulting from an untreated illness, and the risks of birth defects or other complications resulting from the drug treatment (British Medical Journal, November). A drug currently being tested against Huntington’s disease has been shown to also interact with a receptor relevant to schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and certain neurodegenerative conditions, and it would therefore be of interest for the development of treatments against these diseases (Molecular Psychiatry, February). ADHD A comprehensive registry study has shown that criminal activity in adults with ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) fell sharply during periods when they were on medication for the condition compared to when they were not medicated (New England Journal of Medicine, November). Previous research has shown that people with ADHD run a higher risk of becoming involved in criminality.

Doctoral education and research

Quality in research of publications are based on year of publication, but since the database is updated with a slight time lag, there are no complete statistics for the past year at the time of publishing this annual report. Figures for 2012 will therefore not be given in the chart to avoid any distortion of the facts. A more accurate assessment of scientific production is possible by making comparisons over a longer period of time. KI has therefore decided to draw comparisons for the 2002–2011 period, during which the total production of publications increased by 38 per cent.

Measuring scientific production – bibliometrics KI uses bibliometrics to measure the spread and impact of its research findings. Bibliometrics involves the application of mathematical and statistical procedures to articles, books and other media. Reported data is analysed over a long period of time. The number of articles is a rough measure of scientific production and depends on a variety of factors, such as the publication patterns within different disciplines. The bars of the figure below to the right represent publications with some kind of address that can be linked to KI. Figures for the number 6000

2012 Publications Other

5000

2012 Field normalised citation score

Letter Editorial material

1,75

Meeting abstract

4000

Review Article

1,50

3000

Karolinska Institutet

1,25

2000

Global average

1,00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1000

Source: Web of Science

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: Web of Science

The ”Field normalised citation score” compares the citation rate of a particular article with publications of the same class (i.e. the same kind of document from the same year and within the same subject). An individual article’s indicator is 1 if it is cited as many times as the mean citation rate for similar articles. The diagram above gives the mean field normalised citation score for all articles from KI per year. Between 2006 and 2011, KI’s score climbed from 1.46 to 1.55. KI thus has a relatively stable citation rate and is clearly maintaining its global position. Publications from 2012 have not yet been cited to the extent required to provide stable and reliable data and have therefore been omitted from the above diagram. External research assessment (ERA) The extensive external evaluation of KI’s research which was completed in 2011 has been followed up through department visits by the Dean of Research. This follow-up focused on the management of research groups that had garnished poor results in the evaluation. An important issue in the ERA evaluation was the definition of group leaders and their role and responsibility.

There is an obvious need for a clearer and, within KI, a more coherent definition in this respect. Thematic Translational Centres The eight translational centres at KI have been evaluated during the year. The evaluation reveals that most centres, in an impressive and efficient manner, have created new partnerships, venues, recruitment and joint projects, several of which would hardly have existed without this effort. Several projects will have a clear impact in healthcare. The evaluation team believes that it is important that this initiative continues. One centre received reduced support pending an additional follow-up, while another centre was not granted continued support. Identification and recruitment of new researchers Through the utilisation of, for example, selection procedure, three prominent researchers in the field of regenerative medicine have been recruited to the position of professor at KI. An important role in this work is the newly formed strategic recruitment group. The group’s work will be based on KI’s long-

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

term strategy, the ERA 2010 evaluation and KI’s staff inventory. During the year, the group conducted a competence inventory and drafted proposals for the introduction of a new academic appointment as Senior Research Specialist. The possibility of a ”training position” was also introduced into the Higher Education Ordinance this year. Against this background, KI announced funding for 20 Research Associate positions in the autumn. Funds have also been allocated for 20 positions for young researchers (”research associate extension”). Research basis Research basis implies that even those teachers whose main task is teaching must have the means – financially and time-wise – to conduct their own research and thus increase the connection between teaching and current research. In light of this, announcements have been made of up to twelve senior lectureships with particular focus on teaching. Research documentation The development of research documentation focuses on an improved solution for the storage of research data, including raw data, as well as efficient and complete trackability. An important element of this work is the introduction of Electronic Laboratory Notebooks (ELN). At the end of the year, there were more than 1,500 ELN users. Organisation of laboratory animal activities A functional, clear and centrally established organisation for animal experimentation is a critical quality issue as regards providing safe and secure conditions for research. In view of the EU Directive on the protection of animals, a decision has been reached to establish a local animal welfare body. Operational activities within KI are collected under an internal organisational unit for comparative medicine. This unit is in charge of all aspects of animal experimentation and provides researchers, doctoral students and other staff with services and guidance.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

Research funding The foreign financiers, however, have not kept pace with this development, having instead decreased funding by approximately 11 per cent. These figures show that Sweden’s relatively positive economic development in recent years has also given both public and private financiers opportunities for investment within research.

The positive development of research funding at KI continues. This applies to both direct government funding and external funds. Funding from research councils has increased by 50 per cent since 2009. During this period, direct government funding has also increased by 30 per cent, thereby constituting a larger increase than that of external funds for this period (7 per cent).

Total revenue for research, 2009–2012, SEK millions 2009

2010

2011

2012

Change 2011–2012

Foundations and organisations

645

654

688

692

0.6%

Foreign funding (see below)

467

496

431

416

-3.5%

Research councils

484

597

654

730

11.5%

Municipalities and county councils

559

551

427

475

3.9%

Other Government funding

304

260

298

349

17.0%

Swedish business sector

196

171

168

-1.5%

-16.1%

FINANCIERS

KI funds Financial revenue

-11.0%

Total external funding

2,731

2,824

2,792

2,935

4.0%

Direct government funding

1,326

1,581

1,630

1,732

6.3%

Total

4,057

4,405

4,422

4,667

4.8%

67%

64%

63%

Proportion of external funding

Total revenue from foreign funding, 2009–2012, SEK millions EU *

234

231

224

194

-13.6%

Foundations and organisations

134

195

128

150

16.9%

Business sector

100

-7.7%

Total

467

496

431

416

-3.5%

*Scholarships are not included for 2011-2012. Direct comparisons cannot be made with 2009-2010, where scholarships have been included.

Development research funds 3,000 External

2,500

2,000

1,500 Government

1,000

2003 2004

2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010 2011

2012

Source: Agresso

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

European support for individual researchers European grants for individual researchers are primarily received from the European Research Council (ERC) and the Research Executive Agency (REA). The ERC is one of the four parts of the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). Grants are awarded to individual researchers/research groups where only ”excellence” is considered a selection criterion. KI has ten current ERC Advanced Grants and twelve Starting Grants. In 2012, revenue from ERC research grants amounted to SEK 51 million, which corresponds to an increase of 26 per cent compared to 2011. The REA administers another pillar within the FP7, also called the People Programme or the Marie Curie Programme, which aims to strengthen individual researchers in their career development by broadening excellent research within both industry and academia. In 2012, the number of Marie Curie Fellowships at KI increased from 29 to 37. Involvement within the FP6 was concluded through the final reporting of two projects in 2012. KI has participated in 234 FP7 projects in 2012. KI has also acted as coordinator for 21 of these projects.

European Union KI retained its position as the largest recipient of EU funds of all Swedish universities, and as one of the largest in Europe in the category of ”health”. The total number of EU-funded projects at KI has increased compared to previous years. However, research grants have fallen by 15 per cent since the budgetary year 2011 and amounted to SEK 200 million in 2012. This amount includes scholarships for both 2011 and 2012. Approximately one quarter of the decrease is caused by changes in the exchange rate in the form of a stronger Swedish Krona against the Euro. Another reason is that a large number of cooperation projects coordinated by KI expired in 2012, while the newly added projects generally had a more modest budget. An exception, however, is the revenue from the European Research Council received by individual researchers, which increased significantly in 2012. The trend is therefore that KI is strengthening its position with respect to the amount of individual excellent researchers (in so-called ”bottom-up” projects where the research topic is controlled by the researchers themselves), but is reducing its participation in excellent research constellations (so-called ”top-down” projects where research topics are defined by the EU).

Revenue from the EU (including scholarships)

250

10,5 235,2

232,9

214,2

200

Scholarships

225,6 7,1 193,7

185,7 172,5

150 138,8

100

113,4

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: Agresso

Number of EU projects, 2008–2012 Total number of projects – of which KI is coordinator

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

260

230

204

222

234

Source: EU database KI

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

American research grants KI is one of the main recipients of American research grants in Europe. Research revenue from American financiers amounted to SEK 58 million in 2012, of which SEK 19.6 million was from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), KI’s most important partner outside Europe. SEK 32.8 million from American nonprofit organisations and private foundations is also included in the total figure. Aside from NIH funding, 2012 saw KI receive federal funds from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Employee Benefits Security Administration, the US Army and the National Science Foundation for a total of 38 research projects, 10 of which were coordinated by KI. Funds for strategic research fields KI has established national research initiatives within six strategic research fields (SRFs, in Swedish: SFO): diabetes, neuroscience, healthcare science, cancer, epidemiology and stem cells/regenerative medicine. Each SRF seeks to develop effective research environments within the respective fields and increase mobility between preclinical and clinical research and industry. The strategic research funds amounted to SEK 136,420,000 SEK (12,198,000) of which has been paid to co-applicant universities. The distribution involves SEK 4,222,000 from SRF diabetes to Umeå University, SEK 2,817,000 from SRF neuroscience to Umeå University and SEK 1,127,000 to KTH, as well as SEK 4,032,000 from SRF Healthcare Science to Umeå University. Throughout the year, SEK 119,998,000 has been expended within the six strategic research fields under KI’s responsibility, which impacts the change in capital for the year positively in the amount of SEK 16,422,000. A more detailed financial report is submitted annually to the Swedish Research Council. The development of the SRF environments and synergies with other strategic initiatives provide KI with a strong base

for creating internationally pioneering research profiles within respective fields. KI participates in two additional SRF ventures within molecular bioscience (Science for Life Laboratory) and within E-science. SciLifeLab represents a pooling of resources from KI, KTH, Stockholm University and Uppsala University. The establishment of SciLifeLab has provided researchers at KI with unique opportunities to conduct technically challenging largescale research projects focusing on the study of genes and proteins. SciLife-Lab enables researchers at KI and the rest of Sweden to have access to the modern technologies and tools created as a result of today’s rapid technological development. SciLifeLab works towards creating natural collaborative platforms with several national infrastructures, exemplified by CBCS, BBMRI.se and SWEDSTRUCT (see below under Funds for strategic infrastructure). Funds for strategic infrastructure In 2012, KI was tasked by the Swedish Research Council (SRC, in Swedish: VR) to establish a national infrastructure in structural biology, SWEDSTRUCT, financed by the SRC and with strategic resources from KI. The infrastructure is based on a collaboration of existing research environments in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Lund (MAX IV). Previously, KI has coordinated two additional national infrastructures. Within the field of chemical biology, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS) has been tasked with offering researchers large-scale binding studies of chemical molecules to various target proteins. Biobanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure of Sweden (BBMRI.se) aims to create a national standard for the collection of biobank samples, along with costeffective opportunities for long-term storage and sample analysis. BBMRI.se is supported by all medical universities in Sweden and different units will be established at various locations in the country. Each operation is led by a board of directors.

International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) Neuroinformatics is a separate part of bioinformatics which has great significance for the development of knowledge on nervous system functions and diseases within the psychiatric and neurological field. INCF has 17 member countries in Europe, North America, Australia and Asia, and is financed through fees related to the countries’ investments in research and development (rolling capital for 2012 is SEK 17.8 million). The Secretariat has 14 employees, primarily researchers with doctoral degrees. KI places premises and administrative service at INCF’s disposal. During 2012, INCF has worked through the following programme areas: Digital Brain Atlasing; Ontologies for Neural

Structures; Multi-scale modeling; and Standards for Datasharing. More than 150 leading international researchers, mainly from the member countries, are involved in the programmes. INCF is working closely with the NIH and the EU to develop neuroinformatics within a multinational programme for the analysis of traumatic brain injuries. In 2012, INCF also developed the software ”INCF Dataspace”, which can be installed on any computer or server. In this way, neuroscientific data can easily be made accessible and searchable for all who are connected to Dataspace. Dataspace is a part of the international cyberinfrastructure for neuroinformatics, which is one of INCF’s primary mandates.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

Doctoral education career opportunities following graduation needs to be changed. A clear and competitive career path is an essential tool in realising the potential of the best young researchers. The gender distribution among both active doctoral students and graduates is approximately 60 per cent women and 40 per cent men. This proportion has remained largely unchanged during the period 2009 to 2012. Also see Table 10 in the Tables appendix.

The number of active doctoral students at KI has increased by 6.7 per cent since 2009. KIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s turnover for research during the same period increased by 15 per cent, while the number of degrees awarded decreased by 8.4 per cent. This implies a continued high number of doctoral students which, however, has not increased at the same rate as the turnover. The number of licentiate degrees is still low. KI continues to analyse whether the relationship between the volume of doctoral students and

Doctoral education: admissions, registered students and degrees awarded Doctoral admissions

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

420

450

409

438

2,080

2,028

2,076

2,133

2,165

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; of which are licentiates Registered doctoral students (active >_ 10%) Licentiate degrees PhD degrees

352

392

367

349

359

- of which with previous have a licentiate Source: LADOK

Active doctoral students at KI

Theses defended at KI

Women

400

2,500

Total

Men

350

2,000

300 250

1,500 200

1,000

150 100

500 50

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: LADOK

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

35â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Doctoral education and research

Actual period of study, doctoral education

Actual period of study The actual period of study has stabilised at a normal level four years after a slow increase since 2006. The reasons for the stabilisation are better registration procedures and monitoring.

5 4

Doctor of Philosophy

3 Licentiate

2 1 0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: LADOK

Student finance The proportion of doctoral grants in relation to doctoral studentships remains unchanged at around 78 per cent. The proportion of external funding has decreased since 2009

from 72 to 65 per cent. This is mainly due to the positive development of direct government funding over this period, which has enabled increased state funding.

Student finance, 2009–2012 2009 Student finance by discipline Doctoral studentship Doctoral grant Total

of which is direct Government funding of which is external funding

2010

2011

2012

SEK

219,711

227,127

235,539

241,299

63,203

63,639

66,218

70,061

282,914 290,766 301,757 311,360

79,568

93,715

108,300

109,646

203,346

197,051

193,457

201,714

Source: Agresso and Primula

Costs of doctoral education The average cost of a doctoral student with employment/ doctoral grants works out at an estimated SEK 1,190,000 for 2011 (see to the right), an increase of 2.5 per cent compared with the previous year. It may be noted that the cost of salaries/doctoral grants decreased between years. This is not due to an actual reduction of the salaries/grants, but due to the fact that, relatively speaking, the number of doctoral grants increased more than the number of doctoral studentships. The data is based in part on assumptions, which is why the cost should be viewed as approximate. See appendix: Costs for performance

Costs per performance in doctoral education, SEK thousand 2011 2012 Supervision costs Salaries 151 153 Operating costs 46 50 Premises 25 28 Depreciation 8 9 Subtotal 230 240 Doctoral student costs Salaries/doctoral grants 341 327 Operating costs 237 256 Premises 130 143 Depreciation 42 46 Subtotal 750 772 Indirect costs – from salaries and operations Total costs

181

178

1,161

1,190

Source: Agresso and Primula

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Doctoral education and research

Quality in doctoral education Recruitment of doctoral students One goal is that the main proportion of doctoral students at KI will be recruited in competition. A competitive recruitment process is expected to broaden the recruitment base of doctoral students and to improve the matching of doctoral student and training location. Throughout the year, over 130 doctoral positions have been advertised via KI’s recruitment system, which is more than double that of the previous year. Plagiarism checks within doctoral education During the year, work has commenced to introduce plagiarism checks within doctoral education. Plagiarism checks are employed routinely nowadays within all levels of education. Since the spring term of 2012, all course providers at the doctoral level have had access to the anti-plagiarism tool Urkund, and are expected to use it for home assignments where plagiarism can occur. The intention is also that background material in KI’s doctoral theses is scrutinized. A pilot study was conducted in the autumn, where issues such as reliability of the various anti-plagiarism tools were tested. The impetus behind these measures is primarily to increase doctoral students’ incentives to write original and thorough texts rather than to detect potential cheating. Monitoring of the doctoral students’ views on the education Exit Poll is a survey which is sent out to all doctoral graduates and licentiates. Results from four years have been compiled, 2008 – 2011. The results show that 87 per cent of the doctoral students are fully or partially satisfied with their time as doctoral students at KI, and that 89 per cent would recommend KI to prospective doctoral students. Given the choice, 85 per cent would choose to undergo the doctoral education at KI again.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Supervisor survey A pilot survey aimed at supervisors was conducted in order to assess the self-perceived performance. The results showed that the supervisors’ own perception of their work was consistent with the expectations of the supervisors’ role. Alumni survey of doctoral graduates at KI 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 In autumn 2011, KI, together with the medical faculties at universities in Gothenburg, Linköping, Lund and Umeå, conducted an alumni survey. In 2012, an interim report was compiled, entitled ”PhDs at Karolinska Institutet – their research training and entry into the labour market”. The responses were consistent with the results from the other participating medical faculties. 90 per cent of the doctoral graduates from KI were employed. Among those who had found employment, more than 40 per cent worked within universities and higher education institutions and, of these, 94 per cent stated that research was part of their work duties. Less than a third worked within a county council and around 20 per cent worked within the private sector. Of all the doctoral graduates, 81 per cent stated that their work was connected with the field of their doctoral studies, and 16 per cent worked within another research field or area. More than 90 per cent were satisfied with their doctoral education and three out of four responded that they had received good supervision during the education.

Doctoral education and research

Internationalisation: research and doctoral education New doctoral education collaboration with Stellenbosch University A comprehensive Memorandum of Understanding was signed between KI and Stellenbosch University in 2011. In order to develop and deepen this collaboration, a cooperation agreement relating to doctoral education was signed in 2012. The partnership means that doctoral students carry out their doctoral education at both universities, with supervisors from both Stellenbosch University and KI. The education is concluded with the doctoral students being awarded a PhD degree from both universities (double degree). Donation allows postdoctoral programme with the University of Toronto In 2012, former national team player and NHL ice hockey professional Mats Sundin donated a sum equivalent to SEK 2.2 million to KI and the University of Toronto for the establishment of ”The Mats Sundin Award”. It is a postdoctoral programme for elite medical research, where young postdoctoral researchers from KI together with colleagues from the University of Toronto will conduct research on child health and development (Development Health). National Institutes of Health (NIH) Since 2001, KI has had an established doctoral student collaboration with NIH within the field of neuroscience which, in relation to the number of doctoral students and funding, constitutes the second largest collaboration concerning doctoral education at KI. Doctoral students alternate between KI and

NIH and are supervised by supervisors from both organisations. In 2012, four new doctoral students were recruited to joint research projects. A joint KI-NIH symposium was held in October at NIH. Doctoral students, supervisors and scientific coordinators at KI and NIH all participated in the symposium. Activities in Singapore KI has had an extended collaboration with Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore. Two joint symposiums were held in Singapore in September regarding microbes research, metabolism, regenerative medicine and cancer research. In conjunction with the symposium, a meeting of alumni was also arranged for former students and doctoral students from Singapore. Rockefeller University KI collaborates with Rockefeller University in the form of a postdoctoral exchange agreement and through the lecture programme Nicholson Lectures. These lectures are held alternately at the two universities. Doctoral Week KI hosted Doctoral Week in autumn 2012, an event arranged annually by the European University Association. The conference focused on three current issues in doctoral education: international trends, funding and quality assurance. Approximately 200 visitors from around the world participated in this event.

Equal opportunities: research and doctoral education The proportion of newly recruited professors who are women will rise to 47 per cent for the period 2012–2015. To achieve this aspect of the government’s established recruitment goals, a workgroup was formed in autumn 2012 to develop a specific action plan with measures to achieve a better gender balance, both in the short- and long-term. In April 2012, the project ”Parenthood and an academic career? A study of parenthood among doctoral students at KI” was concluded. This project also aimed at achieving a more even gender distribution among the professors at KI. The study examined how doctoral students view doctoral education in combination with parenthood, the opportunities and obstacles they perceive and what KI can do to facilitate parenting as a doctoral student. The Delegation for Gender Equality in Higher Education has approved funds for another gender equality project at KI, ”Mentor4Equality”. This project investigates the conditions for pursuing a research career at KI based on a gender perspective. The main goal of the project is to generate knowledge on the mechanisms and structures that prevent gender equality in

the context of doctoral education and the postdoctoral period. During the course of 2012, the participants in the programme have observed various forms of unequal treatment at KI. They have also examined images and symbols from a gender perspective. The pervasiveness of male dominance has been perceived to be overwhelming. A group of participants has also examined several years’ copies of KI’s news magazine KI Bladet, and how men and women are presented in images. Since 2010, a feature on equal opportunities has been included in the mandatory introduction for all newly admitted doctoral students. Within supervisor training, which is mandatory for new supervisors, there are also courses on gender equality issues and equal treatment. A total of 180 participants have taken part in the foundation course, 48 have participated in the research supervisor course and 24 have taken part in the leadership course. During the autumn term of 2012, workshops were organised for the departments’ Study Directors for doctoral education, regarding equality and the handling of cases involving discrimination and harassment.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Common to all operations

The operational areas of research and doctoral education are reported, including funding for medical training and research and asset management. Further information can be found under the financial report. A correction of SEK 30.3 million has been made to the 2011 external funding on account of a modified accounting principle for doctors with combined positions. See Notes 2 and 5. Co-financing In cases where external financiers do not provide full funding for research projects, KI is obliged to co-finance the project by

other means in order to cover the full costs. During the year, direct government funding has been used for the co-financing of grant-funded research amounting to SEK 60,5 million (SEK 53.8 million), which corresponds to approximately three per cent (3 per cent) of the total grant funding. Unallocated revenue and costs Profit from shares in subsidiaries and associated companies, as well as revenue collection operations, is not distributed within lines of business. See the revenue statement under the section Financial report.

Total for research and doctoral education (including asset management), SEK millions 2009

2010

2011

2012

1,326.0

1,581.5

1,630.1

1,732.4

750.2

696.8

641.0

670.1

1,925.6

2,095.0

2,077.6

2,234.6

24.9

29.1

65.6

54.9

4,026.7

4,402.4

4,414.3

4,692.0

2,074.9

2,171.7

2,265.2

2,363.5

452.2

465.0

486.7

557.7

1,251.0

1,364.0

1,326.7

1,433.2

Revenue Direct government funding Fees and other remuneration Grants Financial Total revenue Costs Staff Premises Other operations Financial

-13.5

7.4

28.3

8.9

Depreciation

120.4

134.1

157.2

177.8

3,885.0

4,142.2

4,264.1

4,541.1

0.0

6.1

13.2

12.2

Total costs Transfers Government funding Funding from other government agencies

24.9

20.9

29.6

34.7

Other funding

20.0

35.5

82.9

84.7

-44.9

-62.5

-125.7

-131.6

141.7

260.2

150.2

150.9

Contributions paid Change in capital for the year Annum Balanced (IB)

411.1

552.9

813.1

954.3

Total (UB)

552.8

813.1

963.3

1,105.2

Source: Agresso

40â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Common to all operations

Collaboration and innovation Introduction Karolinska Institutet (KI) collaborates extensively with higher education institutions, hospitals, government agencies, companies and organisations worldwide. This kind of cooperation is a prerequisite for a successful university. The collaboration is based on the many initiatives taken by individual teachers, researchers and research groups at the departments. The following section presents examples of joint collaborations organised at the institution level. KI is the largest academic partner in Sweden for researchers in other countries. KI’s single largest partner, Stockholm County Council (SCC), is a pivotal facilitator of important clinical research and education. More than half of KI’s operations are conducted in the clinical environments of hospitals and other medical facilities. KI is found within a knowledge-intensive area for the Medicine and life sciences in Stockholm, close to the University Hospitals, KI Science Park, KI Holding AB, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, ECDC.

Within the region, KI also collaborates with KTH, Stockholm University, Södertörn University, Stockholm School of Economics and Uppsala University. KI is also involved in Stockholm Science City and Flemingsberg Science. Collaboration with Stockholm County Council The objective of the collaboration between KI and SCC is to improve health and medical care through research and education. The extensive restructuring of health and medical care in the Stockholm region requires an intensified collaboration between KI and SCC, both from a holistic perspective and at different organisational levels. Distribution of resources Within the framework of the cooperation organisation, KI/SCC allocates the resources for research, education and development. This includes ALF funding (remuneration to SCC for medical training and clinical research) and the appropriated funds that SCC sets aside for this collaboration. The organisation also reviews the distribution of direct government funding for education and research assigned to KI.

Management level

Karolinska Institutet KI

Stockholm County Council SCC

Management Group KI/SCC

The Research Strategy Committee

Board of higher education

The Infrastructure Committee

Operational level

R&D group/community

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Common to all operations

Initiatives in 2012 included targeted investments in thematic centres, the identification and recruitment of new researchers, resource support to both prominent professors and younger researchers and the strengthening of core facilities. Evaluations were also performed on thematic centres and core facilities. KI has 45 Adjunct Professors who are cofinanced by SCC (October 2012). Education collaboration The Centre for Clinical Education (CCE) has overall responsibility for the regional coordination of placements within the county’s health and medical care. Over the course of the year, CCE’s teacher’s academy has been further developed, constituting a common meeting place for teachers and supervisors. As part of efforts to integrate research, education and development in primary care, four academic medical centres have been built during the year. Four additional centres have also been planned. The Infrastructure Committee The Infrastructure Committee coordinates, initiates and in some cases finances investments and operating costs within the areas of property development, animal testing facilities, biobanks,

informatics and learning environments. The Council provides strategic guidance for the organisations respectively. In 2012, resources were concentrated within two key areas; informatics and biobanks. Furthermore, the Future Learning Environments project entered its final stage through the completion of a number of environments (also see the section ”Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education”). Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and the Centre for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training have also received support from the Council. Faster path to utilisation In the spring of 2012, Project 4D (four diagnoses) was initiated in order to improve conditions for clinical research and development in health and medical care. The aim of the project is also to investigate how the results of clinical research can be utilised more rapidly into new and improved treatments, as well as to strengthen collaboration with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Strategies are developed by project groups within the areas of heart failure and thromboembolism, rheumatology, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer and in a project on informatics.

Development of RE&D funds at SCC, 2009–2012, SEK millions 2009

2010

2011

2012

Revenue ALF funds

542.2

562.7

566.6

574.4

SCC funds

1,008.2

1,046.4

983.9

1,010.7

External funds

269.2

177.2

308.5

219.2

Total revenue

1,819.6

1,786.3

1,859.0

1,804.3

Source: report from Stockholm County Council, SCC

In accordance with the public service agreement, KI has submitted information to the Ministry of Education and Research regarding the allocation of 2012’s ALF funds as follows: Staff costs 58.2 per cent, Premises costs 16.2 per cent and Other costs 25.6 per cent. Information dissemination Karolinska Institutet is dedicated to disseminate the knowledge developed at the university to the public and private sectors and to the general public. Research findings are communicated to the wider community through, for example, various forms of media. In 2012, KI was mentioned on average 47 times a day in the Swedish national press, local press, weekly press, news websites and broadcast media, amassing a total of 17,000 times. KI was also mentioned over 16,000 times in international media (Source: Retriever). Since 1994, KI has produced Medical Science, a popular science magazine issued quarterly, with a circulation of 22,600. During the year, KI has also published an English collection edition. Many of the KI’s researchers

and teachers, in addition to their regular assignments, are also involved in public debate as authors of journal articles and books, as lecturers, and through participation in trade fairs and conferences. In 2012, KI participated in several collaborative projects aimed at disseminating knowledge to a wider public, including a series of lectures for the Swedish Public Educational Broadcasting Company and the Public TV Knowledge Channel, a research competition for children in collaboration with the magazine Kamratposten, and the activity day ForskarFredag (The Scientist’s Friday) in cooperation with the association Public and Science, which attracted about 5,500 visitors. Innovation support and collaboration with the private sector A great deal of the research done at KI is conducted in collaboration with Swedish and overseas companies, which provides considerable knowledge-exchange opportunities and sources of financing. In 2012, the private sector invested

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Common to all operations

SEK 274 million in research at KI, of which SEK 76 million by companies based abroad. KI offers contract education which, in 2012, amounted to SEK 63 million, more than 20 per cent of which was from clients within the private sector. SciLifeLab In spring 2012, the government announced that SciLifeLab – run jointly by KI, KTH, Stockholm University and Uppsala University – would become a national research centre from 2013 onwards. In addition to the funds allocated by the government, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation will also invest in technology laboratories in SciLifeLab. The pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca aims to invest SEK 40-80 million a year, over the next five years, in research projects within the framework of SciLifeLab. This company, like many other pharma companies, has recently restructured their portfolios of research and research facilities. AstraZeneca announced earlier in the spring that, during 2012, the company will phase out research at several facilities in the world, including in Södertälje.

companies, the purpose of which is to put knowledge and research results to good use by commercially exploiting the projects or knowledge produced from Karolinska Institutet. KIHAB has four wholly owned subsidiaries: Karolinska Institutet Innovations AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park AB, Karolinska Institutet University Press AB, and Karolinska Institutet Housing AB. The consolidated turnover in 2102 was SEK 43 million (SEK 46 million). The groups operating result was SEK -32 million (SEK -8 million), partly due to poor stock performance. The government has previously allocated SEK 9 million to KI to be used for the utilisation of research findings. These funds were transferred to KIHAB as shareholder contributions following a corporate review, in accordance with the public service agreement for 2009. During 2011 and 2012, KIHAB transferred the entire amount as a group contribution to KI Innovations AB and KI Science Park AB. Companies seeking collaboration with researchers, or researchers who wish to collaborate with companies or develop commercially viable ideas, are offered support from KI’s innovation system which is comprised of five key actors.

KI Holding Karolinska Institutet Holding AB (KIHAB) owns, sells and manages shares and participations in project and service

Unit for Bioentrepreneurship

The Innovation Office

Research and education Support for private sector collaboration, in entrepreneurship. information and guidance in innovation issues.

Karolinska Institutet Innovations AB

Karolinska Institutet Science Park AB

Karolinska Development AB

Incubator. Support for commercialisations and corporatisations. Licensing. Mature companies are sold to market participants, including Karolinska Development.

Provides premises, installations and Facility Management for life science companies.

Investment firm with a company portfolio, several originating from KI Innovations AB.

Education and research within innovation and entrepreneurship The Unit for bioentrepreneurship (UBE) is an academic unit at KI focusing on education, development and research, including a two-year international Master’s programme. During the year, a project aiming to implement entrepreneurship at KI’s first cycle programmes has been launched at eleven of KI’s first cycle programmes. In 2012, UBE received grants from the Söderberg Foundation; to study open innovation between industry and academia, the healthcare innovation system and the further development of management education for future doctors. Service for ideas, advice and enterprises Through the Innovation Office, KI offers researchers and students support with idea development and collaboration with the private sector. It also offers guidance for companies seeking academic partners. The Innovation Office has been financed

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

with separate state funding; SEK 5 million for the period 2009– 2011, and SEK 7.3 million for 2012. KI has matched this figure with funds from its own resources. During 2012, 135 advisory cases were handled by the Innovation Office, 110 of which were related to advice around early phase ideas and 25 were related to business collaborations based on established research at KI (23 in 2011). The Innovation Office works together with Uppsala University in giving patent advice and with UppsalaBio around Bio-X project applications. The Innovation Office is also partnered with KTH in the Kunskapslotsen project and collaborates with Södertörn University on the EntréQ project. Since its establishment in November 2010, the Innovation Office has, by way of trade fairs, seminars, department visits, etc., had contact with 3,512 people with the aim of raising awareness and increasing the flow of ideas.

Common to all operations

KI’s incubator for commercial projects KI has an incubator offering commercial advice and project management in the form of Karolinska Institutet Innovations AB. Researchbased ideas from researchers at KI and other research institutions in the Nordic countries are evaluated here. In 2012, KI Innovations AB evaluated 77 ideas and had 11 active projects at the turn of the year. KI Innovations AB is responsible for the allocation of funds from Vinnova to promising research findings in order to evaluate commercial potential. KI Innovations AB has evaluated more than 1,300 ideas since the company was formed in 1996. KI Science Park Karolinska Institutet Science Park AB is located both in Solna and in Flemingsberg. In December 2012 there were 63 companies in the KI Science Park employing a total of 420 people. KI Science Park offers businesses both hard and soft infrastructure, a meeting place for knowledge transfer and experience exchange, and Life Science-specific support functions. Together with Södertörn University, KI Science Park also runs a service sector incubator in Flemingsberg, where for example two projects from AstraZeneca are receiving help in getting their operations off the ground. Grants have been obtained from the EU to develop added value for the companies.

In 2012, Science Park arranged 31 seminar activities with a total of 540 participants. Karolinska Development AB – a listed investment company Karolinska Development’s goal is to create value for investors, patients and researchers by developing innovations from world class science into products that can be sold or out-licensed with high returns. The portfolio, which on 31 December 2012 comprised 34 projects, 15 of which werein clinical development, is strong within the fields of cancer and other areas of significant medical need. Since April 2011, the Karolinska Development share has been quoted on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm (ticker: KDEV). Flemingsberg Science Foundation As KI announced in the 2011 Annual Report, KI has this year applied to the government for support for the Flemingsberg Science Foundation by way of the Stockholm Science City Foundation. The aim is to support the development of the Flemingsberg area as a research and educational environment. According to information, the matter is currently being processed in the Government Offices. In 2012, KI has paid support pursuant to the above in the amount of SEK 0.5 million.

Selected key ratios: collaboration, number/SEK millions/%

2009

2010

2011

2012

A Externally financed research, total – from companies, total – from overseas companies B Contract research – from companies, total C Contract education, total revenue – from companies, total D Contract education (FTE students) E Adjunct Professors (headcount) – of which are financed by SCC F Doctoral students employed in the private sector and public organisations (annual working units) G EU projects (FP6, FP7 och EU health programme) – as coordinator H Ideas advice cases treated at KI Innovations AB and the Innovation Office I KI Innovations AB active projects at turn of year J Companies within KI Science Park K Employed by companies within KI Science Park* L Scientific articles, percentage co-published with parties outside of KI (%) M Scientific articles, percentage co-published with

2,731 296 100 567 177 50 15 180 69 42

2,824 265 69 425 133 51 17 178 52 38

2,792 250 79 422 129 69 17 235 57 42

2,935 241 73 395 124 63 14 250 64 45

416 230 38

419 204 29

442 222 31

452 234 21

88 29 53 145

97 21 56 585

157 13 65 580

178 11 63 420

parties outside of Sweden (%)

Sources: A-D: Ekonomisystemet Agresso. E: KI Academic Appointments and Announcements Office, F: Ladok Student Database, G: KI Researcher Support Office, H-K: Data from respective operations, L, M: University Library (Web of Science). H refers to the net number, 43 of which are funded by Vinnova’s programme Verification for Growth. Advice for early phase ideas, established at the Innovation Office from 2011. Data for 2009 and 2010 relating only to KI Innovations AB. Note: The decline in B, Contract research, is partly due to a modified accounting principle with regard to funding from SCC. *Data on the number of employees is collected by survey.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Internationalisation Quality Equal opportunities Sustainable development

Internationalisation

Long standing tradition of international contacts and scientific exchanges Internationalisation activities within KI aim to improve quality and diversity within research, education and administration, with the goal of strengthening the university’s competitiveness. At KI, there is a long tradition of international contacts and scientific exchanges with researchers, teachers, doctoral students and students in other countries. The map shows an overview of international collaborations in terms of the number of copublications with different countries. New cooperation agreements have been signed Much of KI’s research is conducted in collaboration with partners around the world. For the most part, collaborative interactions between individual researchers and research groups takes place without agreements governing the cooperation. In some cases, however, there is a need to strengthen strategic research fields and educational collaborations through formal cooperation agreements, with the aim of creating strong and stable links between the partner institutions. 2012 saw the signing of comprehensive declarations of intent or agreements on co-operation within research and/or education with, among others, Stellenbosch University in South Africa, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois. Enhanced co-operation with the Mayo Clinic In 2011, KI and the Mayo Clinic, USA, decided to deepen and broaden their co-operation within research, education, administration and innovation. An operational steering group was created to work with the strategic planning which this entailed. Within the framework of the cooperation, the opportunity to apply for funds for travel expenses related to cooperation projects was announced for the first time in

December. Joint meetings have also taken place throughout the year. For example, the Mayo Clinic was visited by the president along with members of KI’s management and Stockholm County Council’s political leadership. During the year, an annual joint meeting was arranged in Rochester with a total of approximately 100 participants, where research, education and innovation were the topics of discussion. International visits and delegation missions Each year, KI receives a large number of visit requests from universities and other organisations. During the year, delegations from universities in Brazil, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan and Uganda, to name but a few, have paid a visit to KI. In addition, KI has received visits from, among others, Canada’s Minister of Health, the WHO Secretary-General and the President of Finland. This year, several delegation missions were carried out to different parts of the world, including visits to the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Seoul National University. KI also sent representatives to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the School of Medicine’s 60th anniversary, and to Peking University Health Science Center’s 100-year anniversary. Erasmus Mundus KI is currently part of a number of Erasmus Mundus collaborations involving, for example, India, South Africa and Europe. Erasmus Mundus is an EU-funded cooperation and mobility programme in the field of higher education, operating in consortia of European and non-European educational institutions.

Co-publication countries for Karolinska Institutet researchers 2009–2012 Certain data included herein are derived from th Web of Science prepared by THOMSON REUTERS, Inc (Thomson), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: THOMSON REUTERS 2011. All rights reserved.

Number of publications 0 1–10 11–50 51–200 201–1 000 1000 +

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Quality

Quality an integrated part of operations In 2012, KI was granted continued funding for mobility and degree-awarding educational programmes at a doctoral level in collaboration with the University of South Africa. In addition, a one-year Master’s programme is being initiated – Public Health in Disasters – together with the university of Oviedo och Université catholique de Louvain. The programme will begin in autumn 2013 and will lead to a joint degree between KI and the University of Oviedo. Organisation of internationalisation issues The internal operational boards for higher education, research and doctoral education are responsible for internationalisation within the respective areas of responsibility. In addition, there is an International Strategy Committee (IS) specifically responsible for strategic internationalisation issues. The Committee’s mission is to coordinate the internationalisation efforts at KI, which involves prioritising the proposals received on university-wide collaborations.

The departure point for quality work at KI is that the operations can continually be improved. A prerequisite for achieving successful quality work is that it is an integrated part of regular operations. The requirements for quality are formulated in various policy and strategy documents. The responsibility for quality within core operations lies with the three operational boards. Evaluation External evaluations have affected this year’s activities both within research and education. The results of the external evaluation of KI’s research (ERA) have been followed up during the course of the year. In 2012, the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education audited ten of the University’s first-cycle and secondcycle programmes. Experiences gained from these evaluations will be taken into consideration in the on-going quality work. Also see the section ”Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education”. Operational management A detailed risk analysis has been carried out during the year. This risk assessment has created a common picture of where measures need to be taken in order to achieve KI’s goals, thereby exposing significant quality deficiencies in the operations. Through the planning and monitoring of each operation, control measures are taken in order to manage the identified risk areas. Also see the section ”Internal management and control”. An on-going review of KI’s management model has been conducted during the year in order to improve and assure the quality of operational planning and internal control. Efforts to develop quality indicators have continued with the circulation of proposals for the consideration of the parties involved. In 2013, these indicators could be employed in connection with quality control. Implementation of the Operations Information System (VIS) has been underway during the year and the first part has already been launched. This makes it possible to monitor educational missions as well as certain staff statistics. The system should enable access to key ratios, quality indicators and quantitative information on KI and the departments’ activities. Organisation Based on efficiency and savings requirements, the University Administration has conducted an organisational review in autumn 2012. The aims of the new organisation, which enters into effect in March 2013, include providing effective and qualitative support to the core operations and operational boards as well as increased results orientation. The organisation will also endeavour to increase coordination in order to facilitate a better response to important recommendations received from audit bodies. Further descriptions of quality work can be found under the respective operational areas.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Equal opportunities

KI works actively and purposefully to achieve equal opportunities for employees and students. This work is based on the criteria for discrimination as dictated by the Discrimination Act. During the period 2012–2015, much attention is given to the subject of gender, with respect to discriminatory practices. The reason for this is that the government has established a recruitment goal for professors which, in KI’s case, means that 47 per cent of newly recruited professors should be women. Organisation The President has the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that targeted equality work is conducted at KI. The Council for Equal Opportunities, which is directly subordinate to the President, engages in strategic initiatives based on the seven criteria for discrimination stipulated in the Discrimination Act. The Council includes representatives from the operational boards, departments and University Administration, student unions and union organisations. The Council works in a general capacity but also provides direct to support to departments and programmes etc. Its tasks include the development of an action plan for equal opportunities. The Council also acts as a support function for the President with regard to referrals and investigations considered relevant for equal opportunities. At the departmental level, the Head of Department is responsible for work pertaining to equal opportunities. There are also one or more equal opportunities representatives found at each department. Gender distribution in drafting and decision-making bodies as well as at management level The proportion of women among Deans and Vice Deans was 17 per cent at the end of 2012; all Deans and two out of three Vice Deans are men. The gender distribution among operational board members is calculated to be within the range of 40–60 per cent. The proportion of women in KI’s Management Group has dropped from 56 per cent in 2011 to 33 per cent in 2012. In accordance with the current regulations for head of department assignment and forms for recruitment of department heads, the recruitment group for each posting shall select at least two candidates for the position comprising one man and one woman. The proportion of women among department heads is 32 per cent, which represents an increase of 5 per cent compared with the previous year.

Launch of online education In order to increase awareness and knowledge of discrimination law and how KI handles and investigates individual cases of discrimination, a web-based educational programme has been developed. The programme is aimed at both staff and students at KI. This online education can be viewed as an introduction to the Discrimination Act. To gain a deeper knowledge of legislation, norms and values, KI offers seminars and lectures on equal opportunities as it has done in the past.

Project with focus on disability In autumn 2012, KI initiated a project which focuses on the discrimination criterion disability. Within this project, measures have been planned within two areas. This is partly to facilitate a return to work following an illness that led to permanent disability, and partly to prevent discrimination in the recruitment context. These measures are financed through joint party security funds. Seminars In addition to seminars and lectures aimed at specific target groups, in 2012, KI arranged the open lecture ”Equal rights and opportunities and a work environment free from discrimination – a matter of course at KI?” KI also offered equality representatives the opportunity to attend a seminar on age discrimination in the workplace. Further descriptions of issues surrounding equality can be found under the respective operational areas, as well as under Human Resources and competence supply.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Sustainable development

Research and education for sustainable development Good public health is both a prerequisite and a goal of sustainable development. There are currently significant improvements being made in human health on a global scale. At the same time, diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and HIV pose a threat to public health in the world’s poorer regions, while cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes impact the societies of richer countries. KI’s research and education help identify, describe, prevent and cure these diseases and are therefore of paramount importance for sustainable development. During the year, KI’s educational programmes continued in their efforts to integrate sustainable development into education. The goal is for all programmes to clarify the sustainability issues which are of particular relevance and whether there are intended learning outcomes that connect to these issues. The purpose of this is to better communicate the programmes’ ”sustainability content” to current and potential students, and if necessary, formulate supplementary course elements and learning outcomes. KI’s sustainability work has strong links to the University’s work with internationalisation, equal opportunities, entrepreneurship and ethics. At this year’s Teachers’ Day on the theme of ”sustainable education”, participants discussed the need and opportunities for working in an integrated manner with these areas. In April, the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs hosted the international conference ”Stockholm +40 – Partnership Forum for Sustainable Development” in memory of the first UN Global Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972. In conjunction with the conference, the government invited Sweden’s universities and higher education institutions to organise local events to emphasise the relevance of education and research for sustainable development. A number of seminars were organised at KI on the theme of sustainable development, where examples from KI’s research, education and campus work were presented. Sustainable campus KI also contributes to sustainable development by taking environmental and social responsibility, realised in the way in which we conduct our operations. With regard to its laboratory-intensive activities, KI has a relatively high energy consumption, wherein there is scope for improving energy and environmental performance as well as financial savings. Energy efficiency is therefore an important requirement in new construction and renovation. Furthermore, KI conducts energy-saving projects in existing buildings together with KI’s landlord. In co-operation with the landlord Akademiska Hus, KI has commenced a comprehensive initiative aimed at improve-

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

ments, such as the energy recovery in air conditioning systems throughout Campus Solna. The project is scheduled to continue through 2013 and is expected to provide energy savings of approximately 4,000,000 kWh/year, equivalent to almost six per cent of the total energy consumption of the premises KI rents from Akademiska Hus. In 2012, efforts were also intensified with respect to addressing ventilated workplaces where negative remarks on safety functions had been noted. This work will continue in 2013. Minimal energy use with regard to equipment and furnishings has also been an important requirement for the renovation of the houses W-berg and Retzius. At the end of the year, a major energy-saving project was initiated in Campus Huddinge. The project will run until 2014 and is expected to lead to a 40 per cent lower energy consumption in the affected building at Alfred Nobels allé 8. Another priority area within KI’s sustainability work is to minimise the environmental and health risks within laboratory operations. The internal environmental audit in 2011 showed that risk assessments regarding work in laboratories must be performed to a greater extent than is done today. The risk assessments aim to ensure that substances harmful to the environmental and health are handled in a safe and responsibly manner. In order to overcome this shortcoming, several educational and informational activities have been conducted. KI aims to increase the proportion of source-separated waste so as to enable a higher degree of material recycling. The possibilities for students to source-separate their waste have previously been limited, and have now been improved both on Campus Solna and in Huddinge. Management system A significant part of KI’s sustainability work takes place within the framework of KI’s Environmental and sustainability management system. The system has been built up in accordance with the international standard for environmental management – ISO 14001. The year’s environmental audit with regard to these requirements was conducted during the autumn. The audit revealed that the environmental management system has developed positively since the previous year’s audit. Both knowledge and commitment regarding issues of environment and sustainable development have increased within the organisation However, efforts to establish a number of key elements in the management system must be continued, such as the introduction of a deviation management system and document control procedures.

Human resources and competence supply

Report on human resources been employed with permanent contracts and 407 have resigned. In addition to employees, a large number of individuals without a formal employment arrangement participate in KI’s operations. This primarily includes visiting researchers, scholarship students and unpaid Associate Professors. Furthermore, county council employees, such as nurses, physiotherapists and doctors, also participate in research and education. In October 2012, KI had 572 doctoral studentships, which is an increase of 28 annual FTE employees compared with 2011, and 380 doctoral students with study grants, representing an increase of 40 annual FTE employees. Of those doctoral students, 65 per cent (254 individuals) combined their grants with an assistantship. In addition, there are doctoral students with alternative sources of funding, such as scholarships, other employment at KI or another educational institution or through clinical placement.

In October 2012, KI had 4,768 employees, an increase of 65 when compared with the same period in 2011. This corresponds to 4,192 annual FTE employees, an increase of 83 (two percentage points) on 2011. The largest percentage increases are attributable to the Senior Lecturer (pre-clinical) and Senior Research Fellow categories. The category Senior Lecturers (pre-clinical) has decreased by 12 annual FTE employees, which corresponds to -9 per cent. The category Senior Research Fellows has increased by 52 annual FTE employees, corresponding to 7 per cent. The staff turnover for permanent staff was approximately 14 per cent. This represents an increase of one percentage point compared to 2012. The total turnover of staff, including staff on fixed-term contracts (and doctoral students with employment) was approximately 23 per cent, which is an increase of one percentage point. Throughout the year, 347 individuals have

FTE staff by category 2009

Wmn (%)

2010

Wmn (%)

2011

Wmn (%)

2012

Wmn (%)

Change 2011–12

Professor, pre-clinical

188

190

203

214

Professor, clinical

140

142

144

153

Senior lecturer, pre-clinical

110

112

134

122

-9%

-4%

Research associate

Senior lecturer, clinical

117

138

165

161

-3%

Lecturer

219

180

166

159

-4%

Senior research fellow

685

708

741

793

Doctoral student

515

519

544

572

896

971

913

-6%

Technical staff

Admin staff

1,005

858

71 1,020

1,003

71 1,068

Total

3,875

65 3,944

65 4,109

65 4,192

Note: The figures above include all employees, regardless of work hours or length of tenure, but exclude people with assistantships linked to postgraduate grants, adjunct or acting teachers, and employees on leave of absence, parental leave, sick leave, early retirement, etc. With regard to the number of other employees, only those on full leave of absence (rather than parental and sick leave) have been omitted. The figures for all employees (FTE and other) refer to October 2011. The calculation of FTEs, however, does not include staff on sick or parental leave, in accordance with Statistics Sweden’s instructions.

Breakdown by gender As in previous years, about two thirds of employees are women. The ration of female professors is 27 per cent, which is an increase of less than two percentage points compared to 2011. In the Senior Lecturer, Research Associate and Senior Research

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Fellow categories, the gender distribution falls within the interval of 40–60 per cent. Among lecturers, doctoral students (employed) and technical and administrative staff, women represent an overwhelming majority, even if a marginal reduction in the gender imbalance is noted when compared to 2011.

Human resources and competence supply

2012 Staff categories: breakdown by gender Total: 4,192 Professor Professor Lektorlecturer Senior Fo-assistent Postdoctoral fellow

Junior lecturer Adjunkt Forskare Senior research fellow Doktorand Doctoral student Tekn personal Technical staff Adm personalstaff Administrative

800 800

600 600

400 400

200 200

Kvinnor (tot 2 678)

200200

400400

600600

800 800

MĂ¤n (tot 1 514)

F 100

M 267 = 367

F 91

M 67

= 159

F 82

M 79

= 161

F 119

M 40

= 159

F 422

M 371

= 793

F 369

M 203

= 572

F 731

M 336

= 1 068

F 762

M 151

= 913

Female, total 2,678 Male, total 1,514

New teachers were received for promotion to Senior Lecturer and Professor, where recruitment decisions have been taken in 2011 and 2012. Despite the large number of promoted professors in 2011, there has of yet been no marked reduction in professorships being filled through advertisement in 2012.

The right to promotion was removed from the Higher Education Ordinance as of 1 January 2011, wherein KI chose not to reinstate the right or possibility of promotion in its order of admissions and employment. In connection with the expiry of the previous employment plan, a record number of applications

Newly appointed Professors and Senior Lecturers, including promoted 2009

Wmn (%)

2010

Wmn (%)

2011

Wmn (%)

2012

Wmn (%)

Professor Advertised position

Guest

Total

Advertised position

Promotion

Senior Lecturer

Total

*Including persons who applied for an advertised lectureship but who were promoted directly to Professor, and including persons recruited from a professorship funded by the Swedish Research Council. The number of promoted Senior Lecturers is one less than that of 2011.

52â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Human resources and competence supply

Associate was removed from the Higher Education Ordinance in January 2011, but due to transition rules, new Research Associates could be employed until 31 October 2011. The position was reintroduced in the Ordinance on 15 August 2012 under the title teaching position for acquisition of qualifications. In its order of admissions and employment, KI has continued to use the title Research Associate for this position. In autumn 2012, KI made an investment through the central advertisement of funds for 20 positions as Research Associate. Additional funds are expected to be allocated to this end in 2013. During the year, selection procedure has been used on one occasion. The selected professor is a man. There were 64 Adjunct Professors at the year’s end which corresponds to 15 annual FTE employees, as well as 36 Adjunct Senior Lecturers corresponding to 9 annual FTE employees.

The government has established a recruitment goal for KI where at least 47 per cent of the professors employed during 2012–2015 are to be women. The goal includes promoted professors and Visiting Professors, but not Adjunct Professors. In 2012, the proportion of employed (including Visiting Professors) and promoted professors who are women totals 30 per cent. The President’s Council for Equal Opportunities has appointed a working group mandated to develop proposals for active measures to increase the proportion of women among new professors at KI. The number of Senior Lecturers recruited through an advertised position increased slightly compared to previous years. This is despite the large number of Senior Lecturers who gained positions through promotion in 2011. The proportion of women among newly appointed Senior Lecturers reached 47 per cent in 2012. The four-year training position of Research

Adjuncts, professors and senior lecturers 2009

Wmn (%)

2010

Wmn (%)

2011

Wmn (%)

2012

Wmn (%)

New adjunct position

Renewed adjunct position

Total

New Adjunct position

Renewed Adjunct position

Professor

Senior lecturer

Total

Number of teachers holding PhDs and proportion of all teachers, 2009–2012 (annual FTE employees) Year

Number PhD’s

Proportion of total (%)

2009

634

2010

665

2011

707

2012

714

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Postdoctoral The number and proportion of teachers holding PhDs continues to increase (annual FTE employees). This group includes Professors, Senior Lecturers, Research Associates and Adjuncts. Teachers who have not completed a doctorate are only found in the Adjunct category.

Human resources and competence supply

Sickness absence Sickness absence Sickness absence continues to decrease overall during 2012, the most significant change relating to long-term sickness absence. Likely reasons include changes implemented in the regulations and the fact that KI works proactively with rehabilitation. In

general, KI has a low level of sickness absence but the data, in particular from short-term absence, can be uncertain due to the academic staff ’s work hours not being regulated to the same extent as other staff. In some cases, the day of qualifying period is exchanged for holiday days or compensatory leave.

Sickness absence (%) 2009–2012 Total Long-term sickness absence

2009

2010

2011

2012

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.8

63.7

57.0

48.9

32.1

Women

3.1

2.7

2.4

Men

1.1

0.9

1.0

0.8

Employees <29 years old

1.6

1.5

1.2

Employees 30–49 years old

1.8

1.5

1.6

Employees >50 years old

3.5

2.9

2.7

2.3

Long-term sickness absence relates to a continuous period of sixty days or more of the total sickness absence period. Sickness absence for women and men is stated as a percentage of the combined regular work hours within the group. The figures do not indicate the sickness absence for women and men as a percentage of the total sickness absence. Sickness absence in age groups is calculated correspondingly.

Reporting of competence supply In accordance with the Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (2000:605), all government agencies must report and analyse the measures taken in order to ensure that the required competence is available to achieve the goals of the operation. In order to attract, recruit and retain competence, KI wishes to highlight actions within the following areas: • Recruitment and manpower • Leadership development • Work environment and health • Visiting Researcher Services • Participation and influence Recruitment and manpower The process of ”Support for the development of manpower plans” has come to an end. The system support function for mapping the formal education for employees at KI has been developed, and much of this information has been collected. However, work to develop a system support function in order to produce comprehensive manpower plans has not yet been completed. A new recruitment system, NetRecruiter, has entered into operation during the year. The purpose of the system is to support the common recruitment process developed in the

form of a web-based recruitment guide, which aims to improve the efficiency and quality assurance of KI’s recruitments and shorten lead times. The development of KI’s recruitment process/guide has continued throughout the year. Work within recruitment has also included Employer branding in the form of agreements with various social media, where texts and films have been produced. KI has also participated in various job fairs and similar events. In addition, the recruitment feature of KI’s external website has been developed in order to attract potential employees. Introduction programmes are conducted each term for all new employees within all occupational categories, and specific individual introduction programmes are being developed by new heads of administration that include a mentor system to facilitate the acclimatisation of new employees. One project relating to the advertisement and recruitment of doctoral positions is also underway. The aim is for KI to competitively release the doctoral positions and co-announce the advertisements. The date of the introduction is planned for 2014. Leadership development A basic range of leadership development programmes have been offered and conducted during the year, including the National

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Human resources and competence supply

Defence College’s leadership concept ”Developmental Leadership (DL)”, which is a new feature of the operations, as well as a programme in contractual matters relating to managerial responsibility. The proportion of managers/leaders who in 2012 participated in some form of leadership development programme is approximately 23 per cent (140 managers/leaders of about 600), which is generally the same proportion as in 2011. In addition, a number of managers/leaders have undergone work environment programmes. During the year, a deepening of the mandatory work environment education has been introduced with special focus on psychosocial work environment. In addition to educational programmes, leadership seminars have also been conducted, as well as educational initiatives together with other universities. Work environment and health In 2012, initiatives within the areas of sleep, stress and exhaustion have been prioritised based on KI’s 2011 employee survey. According to the survey results, there was a group of approximately five hundred people who experienced sleep disorders several times a week due to the nature of their of work. Initially, our goal has been to offer the individual and work group tools and strategies to counteract unhealthy stress. KI’s employees have been offered the opportunity to participate in sleep schools, workshops focusing on early signals, and stress management (including MBSR methods). Overall, 123 employees participated in an eight-week programme focusing on sleep and stress management, and close to 30 work groups (450 employees) took part in various workshops. A pilot project was initiated in 2012 under the title ”Development of leadership, team and individual resources – Production of a model to strengthen the organisational climate and the effective utilisation of skills.” Within the framework for this project, an indepth mapping of two departments was performed during 2012, which will be followed by appropriate interventions in 2013. Monitoring of the systematic work environment initiatives within KI has been achieved through meetings in autumn 2012 involving all the departmental work environment groups. Reports and planning of necessary interventions will take place

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

in the beginning of 2013. KI’s central Work Environment Committee has begun work to develop a new guideline regarding work environment and health, which will replace KI’s earlier work environment policy. This will be implemented during 2013. KI coordinates with Previa within the area of company healthcare. In terms of cost, Previa’s initiatives during the year can be broken down into the following; 3 per cent for promotional initiatives, 57 per cent for preventative initiatives, and 40 per cent for rehabilitation work. As a new service, Previa has also introduced a specific management support initiative within KI. A new health promotion organisation Based on guidelines in accordance with the WHO and NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, England), KI’s management decided on a new health promotion organisation on 29 October as a clear signal value and as an important part of the work with creating an attractive workplace. The main features of this new organisation include a health promotion reimbursement for all employees, opportunities for workplacebased training for staff and students, and continued targeted health promotion efforts throughout KI. Visiting Researcher Services Visiting Researcher Services provides information for incoming international doctoral students and researchers, as well as support for staff at the host departments. During 2012, four introduction days were arranged for newcomers and a seminar was organised for department staff in collaboration with the Swedish Migration Board and Tax Agency. Through this service, the opportunity for incoming doctoral students and visiting researchers to understand authority regulations can be realised, along with providing them an introduction to life in Sweden and at KI. Participation and influence During the autumn, some 40 heads of administration and HR managers at KI received an education in the Employment Codetermination in the Workplace Act and collaboration. This education was conducted together with the Swedish Agency for Government Employers.

Infrastructure

Strategy During the year, KI has continued its work on the established strategy aimed at creating an internationally effective infrastructure within the areas of research laboratories, learning environments, laboratory animal facilities, biobanks, genomic/ proteomic platforms and informatics. Planning, which primarily impacts Campus Solna, has taken place in close association with Stockholm County Council. The investments will be based on KI’s own needs but will simultaneously support the vision that KI shares with many stakeholders, which is to strengthen Stockholm as a world-leading life science cluster. During the year, a number of major construction projects entered the final stage, and these buildings are expected to become operational in 2013. These include KI’s new auditorium, the Widerström Building, and the third house, Gamma, within the complex called KI Science Park. The need for new premises has been accentuated during the year as a result of increased activities and expansion of the Science for Life Laboratory. Until the next major building complex, Biomedicum, is established in 2018, KI is going to experience a very strained premises situation. The new buildings that will be completed in 2013 are already fully leased. The strategic investment involving the modernisation and expansion of laboratory animal facilities, whose planning began three years ago, is also in the final stage of its first phase. On 1 January 2012, KI took over the primate facility Astrid Fagraeus

Laboratory from the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, and an animal house called Wberg was also opened at the end of the year. As a result, KI has been able to increase its capacity significantly. The prospects for conducting research with laboratory animals have thus increased with regard to both modern requirements from authorities and being able to cater to the health of both laboratory animals and staff. With these investments, KI will have access to biological models that modern medical research will inevitably demand. These facilities are considered state of the art within the field. SciLifeLab will soon be creating a platform for, among other things, genomics and proteomics, that will be able to compete with the best in the world, even if the capacity is not as large as some international counterparts. It will constitute a national facility with its base in Stockholm–Uppsala. The technical platform now requires stronger integration with, for example, research within the fields of medicine and environment. The strategic work is currently focused on two of the infrastructures necessary for research; biobanks and informatics. Within the biobank area, the continued expansion of infrastructure for samples taken in the framework of research projects has been underway, while an integrated approach to a broader collection of healthcare samples for future research is not yet in place. During the year, a joint work group has been formed for informatics issues.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Infrastructure

Premises KI’s auditorium In conjunction with KI’s 200th anniversary, KI received a donation from the Erling-Persson Family Foundation. The donation pertains to a new auditorium with 1,000 seats, office and conference premises, a restaurant and a Faculty club. In 2012, the exterior of the building was completed and the construction’s spectacular form and facade emerged. The building is expected to be ready in June 2013.

Biomedicum – KI’s new high-tech laboratory for experimental research In 2012, the Biomedicum project has involved a great deal of planning and signing of agreements, and is now awaiting the government’s approval of the lease. Biomedicum comprises two blocks; a laboratory building and a special laboratory animal facility. Overall, the project encompasses approximately 78,000 square meters and a completion date is estimated for 2018.

Learning environment The Future Learning Environments project is a collaborative venture between KI and SCC which has developed different types of environment, both informal and formal, with future learning environments in mind. In 2012, two of these informal environments have been realised in Solna and Huddinge. KI has also commenced the implementation of formal environments in the form of nine smaller and medium-sized lecture halls.

Wberg animal house Phase one in the Wberg project, the renovation of the old Wallenberg laboratory, was completed and ready for moving in at the turn of the year 2012/13. The second phase, the updating of current animal facilities, is estimated to be complete by mid2013.

The Widerström Building During the year, a building for Public Health Sciences was erected on Campus Solna, containing learning environments and offices. The premises will enter into operation in the start of 2013. Within the building, KI will be sharing premises with SCC and the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control. Karolinska Institutet Science Park (KISP) The Science Park consists of three buildings; Alpha, Beta and Gamma. The most significant operational adaptions have been implemented in Alfa in preparing suitable premises for the Science for Life Laboratory. Beta is being leased for research by Swedish Orphan Biovitrum (SOBI). The construction of the last building, Gamma, is on-going. Tenants will include the Science for Life Laboratory and KISP, whose appropriation of the premises is planned in two phases during 2013.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

KI’s portfolio of premises and costs Year

Area sq.m. (MUA)

2009

198,009

Cost (SEK m.) Percentage of total costs 553

2010

204,494

565

2011

200,859

586

2012

213,881

667

Premises costs include rent, electricity, media and janitorial services, etc. Source: KI’s property management system and Agresso

Financial report

Karolinska Institutet’s turnover for 2012 was SEK 5,646 million (SEK 5,340 million). A positive change in capital of SEK 108 million was reported for the financial year. SEK –31.5 million of KI’s earnings is attributable to KI’s subsidiary Karolinska Institutet Holding AB. In this section, Agresso should be considered as the source unless otherwise stated. Revenue Karolinska Institutet’s operating revenue rose by 5.7 per cent compared with 2011. During the period 2009–2012, the total increase in operating revenue was SEK 766 million or 15.7 per cent. Direct government funding The increase in funding (excluding funding for medical training and research) for the year was SEK 129 million, or 6.9 per cent compared with 2011. Of the previous years’ funding savings within first-cycle and second-cycle education, SEK 11.2 million has been returned. This is because KI exceeded the ’funding cap’ at settlement of FTE students and APEs. KI had SEK 49.8 million remaining in funding savings at the end of 2012 – see also funding report and Note 1. The increase in allocation of funds for research and doctoral education, SEK 105.6 million, is attributable to investments within strategic research, quality

related allocation and price and salary conversion (0.9 per cent). Cooperation within the framework of the medical training and research agreement is reported under the section Collaboration. External funding, fees and grants In 2012, external revenue from fees and grants rose by SEK 186 million compared with 2011. During the year, a number of external projects were completed, which impacted revenue favourably. The completed assignment from Stockholm County Council regarding Karolinska Institutet’s School of Public Health is an example. Financing for the takeover of operations from the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control has been received as grant funding in 2012. In 2013, these funds will be received as government funding. Financial Financial revenue amounted to SEK 55 million in 2012. The biggest individual item under revenue was SEK 47.0 million (SEK 55.3 million) in interest revenue on the interest account with the Swedish National Debt Office. The annual average interest rate on the interest account for 2012 was 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent).

Revenue, SEK millions 2009

2010

2011

2012

1,535

1,765

1,861

1,990

550

570

575

576

Total funding

2,085

2,335

2,436

2,566

External funding, fees and grants

2,770

2,888

2,839

3,025

Education and research funding Clinical education and research funding

Total external funding

Financial

2,795

2,918

2,905

3,080

Total revenue

4,880

5,253

5,340

5,646

Funding/Total revenue

43%

44%

46%

45%

External funding/Total revenue

57%

56%

54%

55%

A correction of SEK 30.3 million has been made to the 2011 external funding on account of a modified accounting principle for doctors with combined positions. See Note 2.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Financing diagram KI’s revenue is divided up by financing category in the following chart. The largest individual external sources of funding are listed in the appendix, Table 11. Karolinska Institutet’s revenue for 2012, SEK 5,646 million in total (2011, SEK 5,340 million)

Research councils 13% (12%)

Other government agencies 7% (6%)

Government funding 45% (46%) Swedish foundations & organisations 13% (13%)

Foreign foundations & organisations 6% (6%) Swedish companies 4% (4%) Financial revenue 1% (1%)

Foreign companies 1% (2%) Municipalities & county councils 10% (10%)

Costs The increase in costs in 2012 was 6.1 per cent compared with the previous year. During the period 2009–2012, KI’s costs have risen by SEK 772 million, or 16.3 per cent.

Other operations Other operating costs rose by SEK 124 million compared with 2011, and represent an equal percentage of the costs as in 2011.

Staff Staff costs increased by SEK 118 million or 4.3 per cent compared with the previous year. In October 2012, KI had 4,768 employees, an increase of 65 when compared with the same period in 2011. A salary review has been entered into the books on 1 October 2012 with an estimated average increase of 2.8 per cent for the last three months of the year.

Financial Financial costs fell by SEK 20 million compared with 2011. This reduction is largely due to lower costs relating to exchange losses on the sale of securities, SEK 1.2 million (SEK 15.6 million). The market value of the share portfolio has exceeded the original book value in 2012, which led to the 2011 writedown of financial securities of SEK 1.5 million being reversed by the same amount. Interest expenses on loans in the Swedish National Debt Office have decreased due to lower average interest rates in 2012, 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent).

Premises At the end of the year, KI’s premises portfolio totalled 213,881 m². Premises costs rose in total by approximately SEK 81 million compared with 2011. In addition to index increases for rent, the increase in costs was due to expanded activities including the Science for Life Laboratory and the takeover of operations such as the Astrid Fagraeus Laboratory. Renovations of existing premises also impacted premises costs as they are reported as additional rent.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Cost trend, SEK millions Staff

2009

2010

2011

2012

2,495

2,606

2,753

2,871

553

565

586

667

1,555

1,659

1,645

1,769

-13

144

158

175

190

Premises Other operations Financial Depreciation Total costs

4,734

4,994

5,188

5,506

A correction of SEK 30.3 million has been made to the 2011 staff costs on account of a modified accounting principle for doctors with combined positions. See Note 5.

Change in capital The revenue statement for the year is broken down by business area in accordance with the table below. The positive change in capital, SEK 108 million (144.5 million), relates mostly to research and third-cycle education, SEK 150.9 million. KI’s asset management is also reported within this. The change in capital has arisen primarily within government fundingfinanced research and can be traced to the major investment made in the latest Research Bill. The delay in using the invested funds also explains the positive change in capital for the year. It can now be noted that operations are growing at a faster rate than previously, which constitutes a more rapid utilisation of

funding. External grant-financed and contract-financed projects that have been concluded during the year, and which have funds remaining, are taken up as revenue during the year and have a positive impact on the change in capital. Negative change in capital within first- and second-cycle education, SEK 11.4 million, is traced to the fact that accumulated equity is used to finance the year’s activities. KI’s subsidiary, Karolinska Institutet Holding AB, reported a loss of SEK 31.5 million. This amount consists of the 2012 preliminary results and adjusted fixed income for 2011.

Revenue statement by business area 2012, SEK millions Total

Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education

Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education

2,565.5

833.1

1,732.4

770.7

100.6

670.1

2,254.4

19.8

2,234.6

Revenue Direct government funding Fees and other remuneration Grants Financial Total revenue

54.9

0.00

54.9

5,645.6

953.6

4,692.0

2,871.2

507.7

2,363.5

Costs Staff Premises

666.9

109.2

557.7

1,768.9

335.7

1,433.2

9.0

0.1

8.9

190.0

12.2

177.8

5,506.1

965.0

4,541.1

Change in capital for the year (excluding subsidiaries and revenue collection)

139.5

-11.4

150.9

Results from participations in subsidiaries and associated companies

-31.5

Other operations Financial Depreciation Total costs

Results from revenue collection operations Change in capital for the year (including subsidiaries and revenue collection)

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

0.0 108.0

Financial report

Revenue statement 2012, SEK millions Outcome

Forecast

Direct government funding

2,566

External funding, fees and grants

3,025

2,943

5,646

5,569

2,871

2,905

667

640

1,769

1,730

Difference

Revenue

Financial Total revenue

Costs Staff Premises Other operations Financial Depreciation Total costs

190

186

5,506

5,472

Change in capital

140

34 43

Comments on the differences between outcome and forecast The positive change in capital for the year for KI’s ordinary operations is higher than the forecast contained in the interim report. The biggest deviation in terms of revenue is the item External funding, fees and grants. The deviation is mainly due to revenue from projects taken up as income being higher than estimated in the interim report. The year’s staff costs were slightly lower than expected, explained by the reduced number of employees than had been forecast. Premises costs were higher than expected mainly due to the major infrastructural investments currently underway, wherein it can be difficult to accurately predict costs. The outcome for other operations is primarily due to a greater increase in purchased services than expected.

Advances from external sources of funding and liquid assets Unexpended grants and deferred contract revenue relate to non-accrued costs for activities where remuneration is paid in advance by the financiers. Completed external projects mean that the item Deferred contract revenue decreases, which is reflected in increased revenue in the revenue statement. Accrued grants/contracts relates to accrued costs for grantfinanced and contract-financed activities, where remuneration is received afterwards and where agreements/contracts exist to confirm this. The table shows the trend for advances from grants/ contracts, reduced by on-going work which is invoiced/ordered afterwards and liquid assets.

Advances and liquid assets, SEK millions 2009

2010

2011

2012

2,030

2,224

2,277

2,313

333

362

358

294

-168

-216

-205

-208

-6

-4

-9

-8

Net advances

2,189

2,366

2,421

2,391

Liquid assets, bank and Swedish National Debt Office

2,550

3,064

3,384

3,388

Unexpended grants Deferred contract revenue Accrued grants Accrued contracts

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Paid research grants, SEK millions Research grants

2009

2010

2011

2012

2,284

2,236

2,207

2,350

Paid research grants In 2012, paid research grants increased by SEK 143 million compared with 2011. Grant funds from the Swedish Research Council increased by SEK 60 million compared to 2011. The takeover of operations from the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control has impacted grant funding positively by SEK 33 million. This funding will be received as direct government funding from 2013. Grant funding from Persson Family Foundations increased by SEK 29 million.

Administrative capital The accumulated administrative capital including change in capital for the year is SEK 1,288.6 million, divided up as follows: • Subsidiaries SEK 55.5 million • Asset management SEK 30.2 million • Ordinary operations SEK 1,202.9 million See Notes 10 and 24.

Asset management Karolinska Institutet administers individual donations intended for medical science at KI. Donations are divided up into: 1. Funds reported within KI as an authority. 2. Independent foundations that are their own legal entities, with administration linked to KI. For funds, which are administered and reported within KI,

both the return and the capital may be used. The foundations are separate legal entities, and issue their own separate annual reports. The foundations’ distributed return to KI is included as external grants in KI’s reporting. The foundations are reported in summary below to give a full picture of KI’s donation capital, regardless of the legal form.

Funds Growth of invested funds during 2012 At the end of the year, the market value of share funds and interest-bearing funds reported within KI’s fund management stood at SEK 259.0 million (SEK 272.4 million). During 2012, the net outflow (difference between purchased and sold funds) was minus SEK 28.6 million and the change in value was plus SEK 16 million. Managed investment fund portfolios are invested up to 49.3 per cent in mutual funds in Sweden and other countries, and 41.1 per cent in Swedish interest-bearing assets. Alternative investments account for 9.6 per cent of the portfolio. Return

Return in per cent compared with the reference index 2009

2010

2011

2012

KI’s funds

14.9

1.9

-3.8

6.4

Reference index

13.3

4.1

0.9

6.9

Return is stated net, i.e. including dividends and deductions for administrative costs. Share indices are stated inclusive of reinvested dividends.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

The total return on the investment fund portfolio was +6.4 per cent in 2012, which is 0.5 percentage points lower when compared to the reference index. Reference index for total administration 2012 Since October 2012, the composition of the reference index has been: Swedish interest-bearing OMRX Bond 40 Shares MSCI World NDR (expressed in SEK) 50 Alternative investments SSVX 12 M + 3 percentage points (year over year) 10 During January–September 2012, the proportion of alternative investments was lower: Swedish interest-bearing OMRX Bond 40 Shares MSCI World NDR (expressed in SEK) 55 Alternative investments SSVX 12 M + 3 percentage points (year over year) 5

Financial report

Distribution of the investment fund portfolio, 31/12/2012

Distributions from KI’s funds During 2012, SEK 55.8 million was distributed internally at KI. This is divided up by purpose in accordance with the table below.

Alternative investments 9,6%

Allocations from KI’s funds, SEK millions Swedish share funds10%

2009

2010

2011

2012

36.2

32.6

45.4

35.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

0.1

Other

20.0

Total

57.0

53.5

66.5

55.8

Research Interest-bearing securities 38,4%

First-level education

Global share index funds 39,3%

Cash 2,7%

Incoming funds to asset management In 2012, KI received paid funds to asset management of SEK 90.9 million (85.9). Individual donations of SEK 2 million or more are reported to the right..

Research purpose

Donor

Donation Professorship in medical science and in clinical medical research

Amount, SEK millions

T&R Söderberg Foundation

33.0

Medical research and doctoral education

Foundation of Tyra and Gustav Svensson’s Memory

16.9

Young gifted researchers

W.K. Bowes Foundation

5.3

Cognitive neuroscience

Jochnick Foundation

5.0

Scholarships to students from non-EU countries

Friends of Karolinska Institutet

4.5

Cancer research

Sune and Charlotta Hays Foundation

3.4

Research within haematology

Dr Åke Olsson’s Foundation

2.6

Medical research, preferably rheumatic diseases, heart disease and cancer

Ulla and Karl Svanlund’s Foundation

2.0

Uppdrag Besegra Stroke (Mission Conquer Stroke)

Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation

2.0

Foundations There are 235 associated foundations outside of KI’s scope of rfeporting, these issue separate annual accounts and annual reports. No new foundations were established during 2012. New donations placed with existing foundations totalling SEK 13.7 million were received. In comparison with 2011, net wealth has increased by SEK 69 million, or 5.9 per cent, after dividends but including new donations. At the end of the year, foundation funds consisted of Swedish shares 22 per cent (31), foreign shares 41 per cent (38), hedge funds 8 per cent (4), interestbearing securities 27 per cent (24) and liquid assets 2 per cent (3). Throughout the year, SEK 35.8 million was distributed to KI from the foundations. It is the individual purpose of each

foundation that governs the aim and emphasis of the grant. For foundations with administration linked to KI, KI has received remuneration of SEK 0.9 million for administrative costs. Foundations, SEK million Net wealth Funding granted*

2009

2010

2011

2012

1,231

1,244

1,166

1,235

52.8

47.5

45.1

35.8

*Amounts for 2009–2011 are adjusted with regard to research grants to KI from external foundations. They have previously been erroneously reported here.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Revenue statement, SEK thousands Outcome

Outcome

01/01/2012

01/01/2011

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

2,565,547

2,435,581

770,747

740,940

2,254,418

2,098,274

54,902

65,662

5,645,615

5,340,456

-2,871,225

-2,753,350

-666,949

-585,653

-1,768,913

-1,644,846

-9,010

-28,665

-189,991

-175,106

-5,506,088

-5,187,621

139,527

152,835

-31,542

-8,525

Revenue from fees etc. and other revenue not at the disposal of the authority

2,117

2,067

Funding credited to the Government budget from revenue collection operations

-2,114

-1,871

196

Funding received from the Government budget for financing grants

19,801

20,565

Funding received from the authorities for financing grants

34,745

29,577

Other funding received for financing grants

84,661

82,928

-139,206

-133,071

107,989

144,506

Revenue from operations Revenue from funding (Note 1) Revenue from fees and other remuneration (Note 2) Revenue from grants (Note 3) Financial revenue (Note 4) Total revenue Operating costs Staff costs (Note 5) Premises costs (Note 6) Other operating costs (Note 7) Financial costs (Note 8) Depreciation and write-downs (Notes 11-13) Total costs Operational outcome Results from shares and participations in wholly-owned and part-owned companies Revenue collection operations (Note 9)

Balance Transfers

Contributions paid Balance CHANGE IN CAPITAL FOR THE YEAR (Note 10)

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

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Financial report

Balance sheet, SEK thousands ASSETS

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

Capitalised expenditure for development

3,828

4,457

Rights and other intangible fixed assets

2,972

4,085

6,800

8,543

42,631

61,073

662,921

605,589

65,272

31,438

770,824

698,101

55,458

102,443

236,251

244,959

291,709

347,403

145,359

121,845

95,014

80,074

303

772

240,676

202,691

Prepaid expenses (Note 19)

151,478

128,600

Accrued revenue from grants (Note 20)

207,733

204,561

Intangible fixed assets (Note 11)

Total intangible fixed assets Tangible fixed assets Improvement expenditure on property owned by others (Note 12) Machinery, equipment, fixtures and fittings, etc. (Note 13) Fixed assets under construction (Note 14) Total tangible fixed assets Financial fixed assets Shares and participations in wholly-owned and part-owned companies (Note 15) Other long-dated securities holdings (Note 16) Total financial fixed assets Receivables Accounts receivable Receivables from other authorities (Note 17) Other receivables (Note 18) Total receivables Cut-off items

Other accrued revenue (Note 21)

10,512

14,787

369,724

347,948

-50,130

-90,435

-50,130

-90,435

3,244,073

3,191,142

143,503

193,232

Total cash and bank

3,387,576

3,384,374

TOTAL ASSETS

5,017,179

4,898,625

Total cut-off items Settlement with the Government Settlement with the Government (Note 22) Total settlement with the Government Cash and bank Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account (Note 23) Cash, postgiro and bank

66â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Balance sheet, SEK thousands CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

5,238

82,000

96,969

1,093,334

949,303

107,989

144,506

1,288,561

1,196,016

7,438

11,548

39,776

38,013

47,214

49,561

Swedish National Debt Office loans (Note 27)

442,336

400,245

Liabilities to other authorities

105,610

95,777

Accounts payable

247,332

192,978

Other liabilities

137,349

177,032

Total liabilities, etc.

932,627

866,032

133,031

139,522

2,313,002

2,276,622

Administrative capital (Notes 10+24) Government capital Profit participation in wholly-owned and part-owned companies Balanced change in capital Change in capital according to the revenue statement Total administrative capital Provisions Provisions for pensions and similar obligations (Note 25) Other provisions (Note 26) Total provisions Liabilities etc.

Cut-off items Accrued costs (Note 28) Unexpended grants (Note 29)

302,743

370,871

Total cut-off items

Other prepaid revenue (Note 30)

2,748,777

2,787,016

TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES

5,017,179

4,898,625

183,900

None

Contingent liabilities (Note 31)

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

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Financial report

Accounting principles This annual report has been prepared in accordance with the Swedish Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (2000:605). Karolinska Institutet follows generally accepted accounting principles in accordance with the Swedish National Financial Management Authority’s general advice on § 6 of the Swedish Bookkeeping Ordinance (2000:606). Revenue and costs are periodised in accordance with the accruals concept. The cut-off amount is SEK 20,000,000. The limitation amount for direct depreciation against equity is set at SEK 20,000,000. Valuation of receivables and liabilities Receivables have been entered at the amount which, after individual examination, is expected to be paid. In those cases where invoices or equivalent have been received after the set cut-off date (04/01/2013) or where the amount of the receivable or liability was not known exactly when the accounts were produced, these amounts are reported as cut-off items. Foreign currency receivables and liabilities have been valued at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Valuation of bank balances in foreign currencies Foreign currency bank account balances have been valued at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Donations The acquisition value of a donation is valued at the market value at the time of acquisition. In the case of bequeathed gifts, the time of acquisition is deemed to be the distribution of the estate. Valuation of intangible fixed assets Intangible fixed assets are assets developed by KI which are intended to increase KI’s administrative service potential. The financial lifetime shall be at least three years, and the acquisition value shall be at least SEK 20,000,000. The acquisition value includes both external purchases and KI’s own direct costs. Installations are depreciated linearly at a maximum of five years from the month of acquisition. Valuation of tangible fixed assets Assets, excluding computers, which are intended for permanent use with an acquisition value of at least SEK 20,000,000 and have an estimated financial lifetime of three years or longer are defined as fixed assets. Computers with an acquisition value of up to SEK 30,000,000 are reported as costs immediately when the estimated financial lifetime is less than three years. Objects which constitute a functioning unit with a combined acquisition value of SEK 20,000,000 or more are classified as fixed assets. These assets are reported at their acquisition value less accumulated depreciation according to plan. Fixed assets are depreciated linearly over the assessed financial lifetime.

Depreciation times for machinery, equipment, fixtures and fittings, etc. are applied according to estimated lifetimes of three years, five years or ten years. Financial fixed assets • Bonds: On purchase, the purchase sum is entered in the balance sheet as a financial asset. On selling, the financial assets are reduced by the book value and any difference is entered in the balance sheets as a capital gain or a capital loss. • Shares/participations: On purchase, the purchase sum is entered in the balance sheet as a financial asset. On selling, the financial assets are reduced by the book value and the difference is entered in the balance sheets as a capital gain or a capital loss. • Depreciation and appreciation: If the total market value of the portfolio is considerably less than the book value and it is not certain whether this decrease is permanent, a depreciation is performed. A depreciation is entered by reducing financial assets in the balance sheet against an increase in financial costs in the revenue statement. Depreciations and appreciations are reversed by decreasing or increasing financial costs when the market value rises. Externally financed operations When periodising grants or fees, the revenue for the period is determined by the costs for the period. Surplus grant revenue or fee revenue is periodised as unexpended grants/fees or other prepaid revenue. Unexpended revenue that are not grants or fees is taken up as revenue against the change in capital for the year. For projects where payment is received afterwards and where this is confirmed by an agreement/contract, the costs are periodised against other accrued revenue (in the case of fee financing) or as accrued grant revenue (in the case of grant financing). If there is no agreement/contract, the costs are taken up as revenue and affect the change in capital for the year. Karolinska Institutet Holding AB On 1 January 1998, Karolinska Institutet took over the administration of Karolinska Institutet Holding AB from the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. In the annual report, details of participations in subsidiaries are reported as share in earnings in accordance with the equity method. The holding is reported in the balance sheet under the items Participations in subsidiaries, Government capital and Profit participation in subsidiaries. Improvement expenditure on property owned by others Improvement expenditure on property owned by others is treated as a direct cost when it amounts to a maximum of SEK 500,000. Investments totalling a higher amount will be dealt with via rent surcharges.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Financial report

Reporting of combined positions In 2012, KI changed accounting principles for SPV premiums which apply to doctors holding combined positions (doctors whose services are shared between Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SCC), in accordance with directives from the Swedish National Financial Management Authority (ESV). The reason for the change in accounting principles was because, as of 2011, the pension premiums are included in the counterparty reporting with SPV. Previously, KI posted SPV premiums to SCC as an non-governmental tax exempt allowance. The amendment affects the item Other revenue from fees and remuneration that has been reduced, see Note 2. In 2012, SCC’s pension premiums were reported as a cost reduction which affects the item Employer fees, pension premiums and other fees in accordance with laws and agreements, see Note 5. Corrections to the 2011 figures are made in the revenue statement and related notes, as well as the financial tables. Exemption from certain provisions for universities and higher education institutions in accordance with the public service agreement Universities and higher education institutions are granted exemption from the provision on settlement of funding in accordance with §§ 5 and 16 of the Swedish Appropriation Ordinance (1996:1189). Settlement against funding and funding items for funds paid out to the educational institution’s Swedish National Debt Office interest account shall take place in connection with the monthly payments to the relevant educational institution’s Swedish National Debt Office interest account. Universities and higher education institutions are graccted exemption from § 11 of the Swedish Appropriation Ordinance (1996:1189) in such a way that the educational institution may transfer both surplus production and unused funding caps (funding saving) to a maximum value of ten per cent of the funding cap to the subsequent budget year, without specifically

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

requesting the government’s consent. Universities and higher education institutions are granted exemption from the provisions of chapter 2, § 4, paragraph three of the Swedish Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (2000:605) that the annual report must include an account of key ratios. Universities and higher education institutions must instead provide information in accordance with Appendix 6. Universities and higher education institutions are granted exemption from the provisions of chapter 2, § 4 of the Swedish Annual Reports and Budget Documentation Ordinance (2000:605) to produce and submit to the government a funds statement in the annual report. Information In accordance with the Swedish National Financial Management Authority’s guidance on multi-financed operations (ESV 2006:28), all sources of financing should be used in parallel. One of the reasons for this is to give an accurate picture of how the resources are used. KI has significant sources of external financing, particularly for grant-financed research, where funding has been applied for and granted for research within a specific subject. Granted funding is subject to conditions in accordance with agreements, and must be used in accordance with the plan decided on in the agreement. Grant funding received is not directly linked to performance, but is linked to the costs researchers applied for in order to carry out research within a specific subject. Against this background, KI does not fully apply parallel consumption since grants are usually granted for specific costs and not for performance.

Financial report

Accounting against funding and revenue headings (SEK thousands)

Opening transfer amount

Allocation for the year in accordance with public service agreement

Reallocated amount

Withdrawal

Total avaliable amount

89,805

589,150

-28,812

650,143

Expenditure

Closing transfer amount

16.2:15 First-level (first- and second- cycle) education (framework) 16.2:15 1

Funding cap*

600,358

49,785

16.2:16 Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education (framework) 16.2:16 2

0 Basic resource

1,307,185

16.2:71 17

Dental care centre

92,640

16.2:71 18

Test after doctors' period of practice following medical school

4,468

Total

97,108

16.2:71 Special mandate for universities and higher education institutions

16.2:72 Remuneration for clinical education and research

16.2:72 6

Karolinska Institutet

16.2:72 9

Task of developing clinical education and research

16.2:55 11

Further education of nursing staff*

327

Total

327

580,370

574,400

327

574,727

5,970

5,970 -327

580,697

2,635,133

2,585,348

49,785

0 Total

90,132

2,573,813

-28,812

*) Since 2010, there are two discrepancies with the Government report in Hermes regarding the opening transfer amount and the withdrawal amount. The discrepancy is SEK +428 thousand for 16.2:15.1, which corrects itself in the withdrawal of SEK 28,812 thousand. For 16.2:55 11, the discrepancy is SEK -16 thousand, which has been adjusted payment-wise during the year. This table shows the adjustment of the opening transfer amount in accordance with ESV’s instructions. Pursuant to this, data is consistent with Hermes regarding the closing transfer amount.

ACCOUNTING AGAINST REVENUE HEADINGS Revenue heading

Revenue

2,542,001

Patient fees for dentistry education

2394,01

Interest revenue

2,114 0

Total

2,114

CHARGEABLE ACTIVITIES WHERE REVENUE IS NOT AT KI’S DISPOSAL

Activity

Surplus/ deficit until 2010

Surplus/ deficit until 2011

REVENUE 2012 Budget

Outcome

Budget

Outcome

Surplus/ deficit 2012

2,000

2,114

COSTS 2012

Closing surplus/ deficit 2012 199

Dental care centre Patient fees

-309

196

2,000

2,117

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

NOTES (SEK THOUSANDS) Note 1. Revenue from funding 31/12/2012

31/12/2011

697,466

675,539

1,291,751

1,185,376

576,330

574,666

2,565,547

2,435,581

Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education Research and doctoral (third-cycle) education Remuneration for clinical education and research

Table 1a Report of the number of full-time students (FTSs) and annual performance equivalents (APEs) Outcome in relation to the period 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2011 EDUCATION AREA

Outcome FTE

Outcome APE

APE remuneration (SEK thousands)

Outcome total remuneration

26 472 383 114 1,624 395 2,292

FTE remuneration (SEK thousands)   665 12,120 21,278 6,677 95,412 19,242 151,927

Humanities Social sciences Natural sciences Technology Care Odontology Medicine

28 517 425 133 1,792 437 2,553

499 9,028 16,193 4,819 74,920 20,282 165,896

1,164 21,147 37,471 11,495 170,332 39,525 317,823

Total

5,885

5,307

307,321

291,637

598,958

Funding cap (SEK thousands) The report shows that the educational institution exceeds the funding cap by (SEK thousands) The report shows that the educational institution is below the funding cap by (SEK thousands)

589,150 9,808 0

Table 2a Calculation of funding savings and surplus production (SEK thousands) A. Available funds (including agreed additional budget)   Funding cap for the year   + any included funding saving   Total (A)

589,150 60,993 650,143

B. Total outcome for first- and second-cycle education   Remuneration for APEs from December in the previous budget year   Outcome total remuneration in accordance with table 1   + any use of previous surplus production   Total (B)   Total (A-B) 1

1,400 598,958 0 600,358 49,785

Positive total transferred to table of funding saving below. Negative total transferred to table of surplus production below.

Table. Funding saving Total closing funding saving (A-B)

49,785

– any funding saving above 10% of the funding cap 2 Closing funding saving

49,785

Table. Surplus production Total closing surplus production – any surplus production above 10% of the funding cap 2 Closing surplus production 2

The portion of the funding saving and surplus production that the educational institution may not retain without the Government’s approval.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 2. Revenue from fees and other remuneration 31/12/2012 Revenue from fees and remuneration in accordance with § 4 of the Swedish Fees Ordinance Other revenue from fees and remuneration

31/12/2011

82,791

63,024

687,956

677,916

770,747

740,940

Other revenue from fees and remuneration consists primarily of contract revenue. The increase in § 4 revenue is due to increased rental income and increased tuition fees for students from third countries. The item Other revenue from fees and remuneration for 2011 has been revised due to changes in accounting principles in 2012 regarding SPV premiums for doctors holding combined positions. These are reported as a cost reduction under Staff costs, also see Note 5. Chargeable activities where revenue is at KI’s disposal, SEK thousand The accumulated surplus of chargeable activities amounts to SEK 95,393 thousand, which represents 18.6 per cent of the operation’s turnover of SEK 514,137 thousand. Part of the surplus will be used in the context of enhanced cooperation with SCC within Public Health Sciences. It will also be used for the co-financing of projects where full cost coverage is not achieved. The surplus will be used, for example, in the development of new courses within the framework of contract education.

Activity

Surplus/ deficit until 2010

Surplus/ deficit 2011

Revenue 2012

Costs 2012

Surplus/ deficit 2012

Accumulated closing surplus/deficit 2012

4,417

225

6,925

8,593

-1,668

2,974

9,113

63,146

52,273

10,873

20,029

First-or second-cycle education Commissioned education Vocational college, KY, etc. Contract education Education for students who are obliged to pay tuition fees

-1,479

-1,937

5,724

5,895

-171

-3,587

Sum

12,051

-1,669

75,795

66,760

9,034

19,416

Research and third-cycle education Contract research

53,704

330

395,270

373,063

22,207

76,241

Sum

53,704

330

395,270

373,063

22,207

76,241

339

-95

453

698

-245

-264

42,280

43,072

43,317

-245

-264

Activities where full cost coverage requirements do not apply Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Tests Letting apartments 1 - exchange programmes and visiting researchers Letting apartments 1 - Government Decision (U2010/4277/UH) Optician centre Other activities in accordance with Appendix 4 2 Sum

-95

Notes, see opposite side.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

¹ Karolinska Institutet does not deal with the actual letting of accommodation for international students and visiting researchers, but procures this as a service from Karolinska Institutet Housing AB (formerly University Accommodation Center AB,UAC), a wholly-owned company within KI Holding AB. KI paid a fee of SEK 3,492,000 for this during 2012 (SEK 3,000,000/year for 2010 and 2011). In addition, KI has had miscellaneous costs of SEK 261,000 (SEK 257,000). These costs are paid for by funding. Since letting takes place in this way, it is not classified in KI’s accounts as fee-financed activities. KI Housing makes 277 (271) apartments available to KI, of which 64 (58) are researcher apartments and 213 (213) are student rooms. In total, KI Housing rented out apartments/rooms to 808 (816) international students and visiting researchers during 2012 (the reservation system was replaced in Jan-Feb, which is why an estimate has been made for this period). The occupancy rate was around 88 per cent. In addition, KI rented out accommodation during 2012 for visiting researchers for a total of SEK 339,000 (SEK 216,000). The cost is assessed to be the same. The need for apartments/rooms is expected to increase in line with increased international exchanges and cooperation.

² During 2012, KI rented out premises to external tenants for a total of SEK 42,280,000 (SEK 37,849,000). There is no separate cost accounting for this activity but full cost coverage is taken as the starting point, which is why the cost i specified in line with the revenue. KI’s policy is to rent out entire buildings if possible in order to have full right of disposition over its premises portfolio. Vacancies which may then arise are used as a premises provision for future needs through renting.

Note 3. Revenue from grants

31/12/2012

Revenue from grants from other authorities

983,626

818,684

1,270,792

1,279,589

2,254,418

2,098,274

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

46,971

55,329

7,931

10,333

54,902

65,662

Revenue from grants, non-Government

Note 4. Financial revenue

31/12/2011

Interest on Swedish National Debt Office interest account Other financial revenue

The reduction in interest revenue at the Swedish National Debt Office is due to a lower rate of interest on the interest account in 2012 compared with 2011. The annual average interest rate on the interest account for 2012 was 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent). Capital gain on disposal of financial fixed assets was SEK 2.7 million (SEK 6.5 million) and accounts for the decrease in other financial revenue.

Note 5. Staff costs

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

1,833,872

1,752,782

894,596

860,645

70,061

66,218

Salary costs excluding employer fees, pension premiums and other fees in accordance with laws and agreements Employer fees, pension premiums and other fees in accordance with laws and agreements Doctoral grant Other staff costs

72,696

73,705

2,871,225

2,753,350

In 2012, staff costs increased by SEK 117.9 million, or 4.3 per cent, compared with the previous year. In October 2012, KI had 4,768 employees, an increase of 65 when compared with the same period in 2011. The item Employer fees, pension premiums and other fees for 2011 has been revised due to changes in accounting principles in 2012 regarding SPV pre-miums for doctors holding combined positions. These are reported as cost reductions instead of revenue. See Note 2.

Note 6. Premises costs At the end of the year, KI’s premises portfolio totalled 213,881 m² (200,859 m²). Premises costs rose in total by approximately SEK 81 million compared with 2011. The cost increase is primarily due to increased premises occupancy and on-going infrastructure investments. Also see the section on infrastructure.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 7. Other operating costs

31/12/2012

Remuneration for clinical education and research (medical training and research agreement funding) Other operating costs

Note 8. Financial costs

31/12/2011

574,400

566,553

1,194,513

1,078,293

1,768,913

1,644,846

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

Interest on Swedish National Debt Office loans

5,917

7,138

Other financial costs

3,093

21,528

9,010

28,665

In 2012, financial costs fell by SEK 19.7 million compared with 2011. The reduction is due to a lower rate of interest on loans at the Swedish National Debt Office. The annual average interest rate on call loans was 1.47 per cent (1.78 per cent). This reduction in the item Other financial costs is largely due to lower costs relating to exchange losses on the sale of securities, SEK 1.2 million (SEK 15.6 million). The reversal of 2011â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s write-down of securities results in a negative impact amounting to SEK -1.5 million.

Note 9. Revenue collection operations The balance relates to the net change in potential bad debt losses for non-payment of patient fees at the Department of Odontology.

Note 10. Change in capital by business area Balanced change in capital (A)

Change in capital for the year (B)

Total (A+B)

125,339

-20,583

104,756

Activity First- and second-cycle education Education in accordance with public service agreement Commissioned work Total

13,798

9,205

23,003

139,137

-11,378

127,759

900,276

128,698

1,028,975

54,034

22,207

76,241

954,311

150,905

1,105,216

Research/third-cycle education Doctoral education and research Contract research Total

74â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 11. Intangible fixed assets Applied depreciation periods: 5 years Opening acquisition value Acquisitions for the year Minus acquisition value of retired/sold rights Closing acquisition value Opening accumulated depreciation Minus accumulated depreciation for retired/sold rights Depreciation for the year Closing accumulated depreciation Book value

31/12/2012 38,500 389 -5,917 32,972 -29,957 5,917 -2,132 -26,172 6,800

31/12/2011 34,355 4,145 0 38,500 -25,290 0 -4,667 -29,957 8,543

Retirement refers partly to Effica (patient debiting system for dental care) and partly to database licenses for bibliometric analysis, SEK 5,917 thousand in total.

Note 12. Improvement expenditure on property owned by others Applied depreciation periods: 10 years Opening acquisition value Acquisitions for the year Transfer from installations in progress Minus acquisition value of scrapped/sold equipment Closing acquisition value Opening accumulated depreciation Minus opening accumulated depreciation for scrapped/sold equipment Depreciation for the year Closing accumulated depreciation Book value Sold/retired assets Capital gain Capital loss

31/12/2012 102,278 0 0 -17,253 85,025 -41,205 7,814 -9,004 -42,395 42,631

31/12/2011 102,570 -292 0 0 102,278 -31,132 0 -10,073 -41,205 61,073

0 9,429

0 0

31/12/2012 2,010,676 224,460 20,859 -57,276 2,198,720 -1,405,087 48,143 -178,855 -1,535,799 662,921

31/12/2011 1,909,570 157,831 15,486 -72,211 2,010,676 -1,316,255 71,534 -160,366 - 1,405,087 605,589

0 8,729

74 603

Note 13. Machinery, equipment, fixtures and fittings, etc. Applied depreciation periods: 3 years, 5 years, 10 years Opening acquisition value Acquisitions for the year Transfer from installations in progress Minus acquisitions value of scrapped/sold equipment Closing acquisition value Opening accumulated depreciation Minus accumulated depreciation for scrapped/sold equipment Depreciation for the year Closing accumulated depreciation Book value Sold/retired assets Capital gain Capital loss

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

75â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

Notes

Note 14. Fixed assets under construction 31/12/2012

31/12/2011

31,438 54,694 -20,859 65,272

19,557 27,367 -15,486 31,438

Opening acquisition value Acquisitions for the year Transfer to assets account Accumulated acquisition value

Fixed assets under construction include improvements to KI’s campus areas. These projects run for several years, which is why the transfer to the assets account may be lower than the opening balance.

Note 15. Shares and participations in wholly-owned and part-owned companies Karolinska Institutet Holding AB (100 %) Nominal value

3,000 at SEK 100 each

Book value

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

300

55,458

102,443

Shares in KI Holding are valued at SEK 47 million lower than at the previous closing of the accounts. This is due to the KI Holding group’s equity capital having diminished by SEK 47 million during the year, of which SEK 34 million resulted from holdings in Karolinska Development being valued at a lower amount. At the year’s start, Karolinska Development was valued at the market price of SEK 24,00 per share, and at year’s end the market price was 15,30 per share. According to the preliminary as yet unrevised revenue statement and balance sheet for 2012, Karolinska Institutet Holding AB shows a result of SEK -32.4 million (SEK -6.9 mil-lion). Net sales for the year preliminarily total SEK 42.8 million (SEK 47.4 million). The preliminary net sales for the year was, in total, SEK 73.5 million (SEK 122.9 million), with preliminary equity of SEK 55.5 million (SEK 103.3 million). The comparison figures in brackets relate to 2011’s confirmed balance sheet figures. For a more detailed description of Karolinska Institutet Holding AB, see the section entitled Collaboration.

Note 16. Other long-dated securities holdings (relates to asset management) Shares and participations

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

Book value

143,607

141,525

Market value

152,534

141,525

Book value

92,645

103,434

Market value

99,331

108,194

Bonds, etc.

The investment fund portfolio had developed positively during 2012, and the market value exceeded the book value. 2011’s write-down of the book value of securities holdings (SEK 1.5 million) has consequently been appreciated in 2012.

Note 17. Receivables from other authorities

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

VAT receivables

81,325

69,374

Other government receivables

13,689

10,700

95,014

80,074

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

303

772

Note 18. Other receivables Other receivables

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 19. Prepaid costs Prepaid premises costs Other prepaid costs

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

130,867

120,419

20,611

8,181

151,478

128,600

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

25,584

32,913

182,149

171,648

207,733

204,561

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

8,230

9,340

Note 20. Accrued revenue from grants Accrued revenue from grants, other government authority Accrued revenue from grants, non-government Here, accrued costs are reported for grant-financed activities where remuneration is received afterwards and where agreements/contracts exist to confirm this.

Note 21. Other accrued revenue Accrued contract revenue Other accrued revenue

2,282

5,446

10,512

14,787

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

-16,690

-14,820

-2,114

-1,871

0 **)

-18,803

-16,690

-90,132

-71,796

Under the item Accrued contract revenue, accrued costs are reported for contract-financed activities where remuneration is received afterwards and where agreements/contracts exist to confirm this.

Note 22. Settlement with the Government Revenue collection Opening balance Reported against revenue headings (-) Funds from interest account credited to revenue headings (+) Liabilities relating to Revenue collection Funding in interest-bearing flows Opening balance *) Reported against funding (+) Funding credited to the interest account (-) Repayment of funding Liabilities related to funding in interest-bearing flows

2,585,348

2,456,146

-2,573,813

-2,455,505

28,812

-18,961

-49,785

-90,116

16,372

14,495

2,162

1,882

Other receivables/liabilities on the government’s central account at the Riksbank Opening balance Deposits in non-interest-bearing flows (+) Payments in non-interest-bearing flows (-) Claims on the government’s central account at the Riksbank Balance

-76

-5

18,458

16,372

-50,130

-90,435

With regard to first-level education funding, KI has exceeded the funding cap by SEK 11,208 thousand, including December performances from 2011. In addition, KI has settled SEK 327 thousand relating to an opening funding saving from the special funds for education of healthcare professionals (2:55 funding item 11). In relation to funding for first-level education (the funding cap), 2012 saw KI repay that part of the closing funding amount for 2011 that exceeded 10 per cent of the year’s revenue (SEK 28,812 thousand). *) During the year, a previous discrepancy (SEK 16 thousand) against the Government report in Hermes was adjusted. This table shows the adjustment of the opening transfer amount. Hence the difference between the closing funding savings in 2011 and the opening funding savings of 2012. See also the funding report. **) Correction of the 2011 amount. Should be 0.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 23. Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account 31/12/2012

31/12/2011

3,244,073

3,191,142

Change in capital according to the Balanced Swedish Financial Accounting change in capital Standards Council

Total administrative capital

Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account of which short-term liquidity needs

Granted, unused credit on Swedish National Debt Office interest accounts stands at SEK 153.8 million. Note 24. Administrative capital

Government capital

Profit participation in subsidiaries

5,238

96,969

949,303

144,506

1,196,016

475

144,031

-144,506

97,444

1,093,334

1,196,016

Opening balance Previous yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s allocation Corrected opening balance

5,238

Change in equity, subsidiary

-15,444

From the National Public Art Council Change in capital for the year Closing balance sheet total Change during the year

107,989

5,238

82,000

1,093,334

107,989

1,288,561

-14,969

144,031

-36,517

92,545

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

11,548

14,694

Change in capital by business area is detailed in Note 10.

Note 25. Provisions for pensions and similar obligations Opening provision Change in pension provisions for the year

-2,530

-1,229

Pension payments for the year

-1,579

-1,916

7,438

11,548

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

2,000

Skills exchange and skills development initiatives

37,776

36,013

Closing provision

39,776

38,013

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

400,245

376,343

Closing provision

Note 26. Other provisions Disposal of radiation source

Note 27. Swedish National Debt Office loans Opening balance New loans

78â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

175,100

131,285

Repayments for the year

-133,009

-107,383

Liabilities to the Swedish National Debt Office

442,336

400,245

Granted loan framework at the Swedish National Debt Office

520,000

440,000

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Notes

Note 28. Accrued costs 31/12/2012

31/12/2011

Accrued salaries

21,171

28,828

Holiday pay liabilities

83,343

84,161

3,032

10,522

25,484

16,012

133,031

139,522

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

786,534

773,373

1,313,438

1,279,324

213,030

223,925

2,313,002

2,276,622

Accrued cost to the National Government Employee Pensions Board for pension funds Other accrued costs

Note 29. Unexpended grants Unexpended grants, other government authority Unexpended grants, non-government Unexpended grants asset management

These liabilities relate to non-accrued costs for grant-financed activities where remuneration is paid in advance.

Note 30. Other prepaid revenue Prepaid contract revenue, other government authority Prepaid contract revenue, non-government Other prepaid revenue, other government authority Other prepaid revenue, non-government

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

54,372

55,035

239,661

302,956

547

5,290

8,163

7,591

302,743

370,871

31/12/2012

31/12/2011

183,900

Prepaid contract revenue relates to non-accrued costs for contract-financed activities where remuneration is paid in advance.

Note 31. Contingent liabilities Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities relate to commitments regarding the construction of the upcoming Biomedicum building.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

79â&#x20AC;&#x2021;

The university board

The University Board Remuneration paid to the Board of Karolinska Institutet in 2012 and details of other commissions (The commissions listed are board memberships and council memberships for other government authorities, as well as directorships of Swedish and foreign limited companies.)

Other commissions Susanne Eberstein Chair Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson President until 31/12/2012 Anders Hamsten President from 01/01/2013

Västernorrland Police Board, chair The National Swedish Police Board, member Swedish Commission for Security and Integration, member Judicial Appointments Board, member

Partner and chairman of the board in MedScientia Scientific Advisory Board Carnegie Healthcare Funds, member Heart-Lung Foundation’s Research Council, member Professor Nanna Svartz Foundation, member King Gustaf V 80 yr Foundation, deputy board member Lisa & Johan Grönberg Foundation, director SalusAnsvar Foundation, director

912,033

Annika Andersson, Vice Chair Dan Andersson

Pantor Engineering AB, chair

28,000

The Swedish Cancer Society’s finance board

28,000

Elias Arnér

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta – General Subjects, Elsevier, editor IMCO Corporation Ltd AB, director PRIMA Barn- och Vuxenpsykiatri AB, director

770,184

Anders Blanck Eva Fernvall Eskil Franck

Welfare Development Council, member The Anti-Corruption Institute, member Swecare AB, member Swecare Foundation, member

28,000

e-Health Institute, Linnaeus University of Kalmar, chair IQ, subsidiary of the Swedish Alcohol Retail Monopoly, member

28,000

Government appointed special investigator for more effective methods against violent extremism

28,000

Salary/Fee SEK

Karolinska Institutet Holding AB, member The Board of Stockholm Science City Foundation, member Stockholm School of Entrepreneurship SSES, member Biomedical Sciences International Advisory Council, Singapore, adviser The Transparency Council of Stockholm County Administrative Board, member The Danish Council for Research Policy

66,000

1,565,666

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

The university board

Other commissions

Salary/Fee SEK

Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren Torbjörn Rosdahl Marie Wahren-Herlenius Jan Andersson, Vice President, Adjunct until 31/12/2012

Member Scientific Advisory Board, Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UMCR) Member International Advisory Board, Hannover Biomedical Research School Member Board, Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology President, the Society for Natural Immunity Head of Research, CellProtect Nordic Pharmaceutical AB (Start up Biotech)

No external commissions

Tore Nilsson Foundation, director Rocognition AB, director

Centre for Translational Molecular Medicine, the Netherlands, scientific adviser The Flemingsberg Science Foundation, member The Carnegie Foundation, scientific adviser The Center for Molecular Medicine, director Journal of Internal Medicine, editor

Kerstin Tham Vice President, Adjunct from 01/01/2013

The Vårdal Foundation’s idea testing – Challenges of ageing, coordinator Board of European Master of Science in Occupational Therapy, member STROKE association’s research council, member

Tobias Brosjö until 31/12/2012

No external commissions

28,582

Felicia Fixell until 31/12/2012

No external commissions

43,999

Åsa Samuelsson until 31/12/2012

No external commissions

337,017

Erik Hellsing from 01/01/2013

Café Partner Scandinavia AB, deputy board member

224

Arash Hellysaz from 01/01/2013

Hope Group AB, deputy board member

196,040

Hampus Eksell from 01/01/2013

No external commissions

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

734,280

28,000

723,648

1,145,769

1,031,941

The University Board Back row: Anders Blanck (government appointee); Torbjörn Rosdahl (government appointee); Christina Hammarstedt (staff representative*); Patriq Fagerstedt, (staff representative*); Eskil Franck (government appointee); Dan Andersson, (government appointee); Gunnar Stenberg (staff representative*); Erik Hellsing (student representative); Hampus Eksell (student representative); Bengt Norrving (University Director, primary rapporteur) Front row: Elias Arnér (faculty representative); Kerstin Tham (Vice-President, additional member); Annika Andersson (government appointee); Anders Hamsten (President, ex-officio member); Susanne Eberstein (Chair-person, government appointee); Eva Fernvall (government appointee); Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren (faculty representative); Arash Hellysaz (student representative); Absent: Marie Wahren-Herlenius (faculty representative) * Staff representatives have no voting right

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Decision on the annual report and assessment of internal control The University Board hereby submits its annual report for 2012. We confirm that the annual report provides a true and fair impression of the authority’s results, costs, revenue and financial position. We also judge the authority’s internal management and control to be satisfactory. Stockholm, 18 February 2013

Susanne Eberstein, Chair Eva Fernvall Anders Hamsten, President Eskil Franck Annika Andersson Erik Hellsing Dan Andersson Arash Hellysaz Elias Arnér Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren Anders Blanck Torbjörn Rosdahl Hampus Eksell Marie Wahren-Herlenius

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Appendix

Costs for performance As with previous years, KI reports the following performance measures: • cost per full-time student (excluding contract education and commissioned education) • cost per annual performance equivalent (excluding contract education and commissioned education) • cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication • cost of a doctoral student with an education grant or employment at KI Definitions Full-time equivalents and annual performance equivalents are the performances carried out during the year and are defined in accordance with the public service agreement. Costs relate to costs reported for the year within the operational area of Government Funding-financed first-/Bachelor’s and secondcycle/Master’s education. Costs also include grant-financed and fee-financed costs associated with the activity. However, contract education and commissioned education are not included. It should be noted that full-time students and annual performance equivalents have been related to costs individually. It is not therefore possible to relate costs per full-time student and annual performance equivalent to the price tags used in the government’s allocation of resources to the educational institutions. In this context, it should be noted that the costs are also included in the clinical sections of physician and speech therapist education (corresponding to the funding for medical training and research) and dentistry education (the dental care centre). The measurements of costs per full-time student and annual performance equivalent are deemed to be relatively secure, as the constituent elements relate to the current year and are conventional. Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication includes all costs related to research and education at third-cycle level, including contract research. There is no separation of the actual course components in doctoral education because they cannot be read from the accounting system. In the concept of scientific publication, KI has chosen to take articles and overview articles from its bibliometric database based on data from Thomson Reuters’ citation databases (Web of Science). KI has also chosen to report, under Key ratios, the number of publications unfractionated (without taking into account the proportion of a publication attributable to authors at the educational institution in question). KI has not reported any information regarding publications for the last year (2011) as there is a delay in receiving reports. The measurement “cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication” should be viewed with caution since there is no direct link between the year’s costs and the same year’s published articles.

The research work involved in an article may have taken many years. In view of the above, this measurement should be regarded as an approximate value. Finally, it should be emphasised that these performance measurements do not say anything about the quality of operations. The development of the three measurements is commented on below. 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Cost per FTE student, SEK thousands 154 146 144 143 143 Cost per annual performance equivalent, SEK thousands 170 159 157 159 151 Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication, SEK thousands 1,043 1,062 1,022 925 (Excerpt from Key ratios)

Costs per full-time student and annual performance equivalent The cost per full-time student and annual performance equivalent has increased by 8 and 13 per cent respectively during the period. The increase between 2011 and 2012 is relatively higher than the previous year’s figure, but some caution should be exercised when making comparisons between two years. In the case of 2012, for example, the number of course weeks was 39 while the level of performance simultaneously diminished. Also refer to the section on Bachelor’s (first-cycle) and Master’s (second-cycle) education. Cost per peer-reviewed scientific publication The number of publications has increased during the period, while the costs have also somewhat increased, resulting in a higher unit cost. However, KI’s internal management model in resource allocation between departments puts a premium on quality in the form of citations and the journals’ reputation and impact, rather than the number of articles. Between 2010 and 2011, the unit cost decreased as a result of the relative increase in publishing. KI is not reporting the outcome for the past year because there is a delay in the registration of the number of publications. It should be noted that the cost per publication only provides an indication of productivity and not the scientific impact. Also see the section on research and doctoral (thirdcycle) education. Performance and costs within education at third-cycle level and cooperation As in previous years, KI has reported the cost for a doctoral student with employment or a grant under the section doctoral education. For 2012, the cost for education provision was an average of SEK 327,000 for doctoral students with employment or an education grant at KI (weighted average). These costs can be

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Appendix

obtained directly from the financial and staff reporting system (572 doctoral students with employment and 380 with education grants in October 2012.) In addition, there are the following costs: • supervision • operating costs • premises • equipment (depreciation costs) • indirect costs. Supervisory work has been estimated at approximately 20 per cent of an annual FTE workload based on a survey conducted at KI in 2011. Therefore, the average salary cost for a supervisor is estimated at SEK 153,000. Operating and premises costs along with depreciation are proportioned based on the number of annual FTE employees, including doctoral students with education grants within the operational area research and doctoral education. The same calculation is used for doctoral students as for supervisors. The total cost for a doctoral student including supervisor costs can thus be estimated at SEK 1190 (thousand) after overhead charges have been added for indirect costs (SEK 1,161 (thousand) in 2011). The data is based in part on assumptions, which is why the cost should be viewed as approximate. A table of costs and comments can be found under the section doctoral education.

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012

Karolinska Institutet Annual Report 2012 This publication is an abridged version of the document delivered to the Swedish Government in February, 2013 Compiled by University Administrative Department Karolinska Institutet 171 77 Stockholm ki.se

Photo Gunnar Ask, Olle Nordell, Ulf Sirborn, Erik G Svensson, Thinkstock Graphic design Carina Persson, Communications and Public Relations Office, Karolinska Institutet Print Davidsons Tryckeri

ISBN 978-91-85681-53-2