Kasim Salim
Graphic Design
Brief:
You are to submit design proposals for a new graphic design publication entitled, New Visual Language. The first issue will focus on Form follows function - an exploration of Modernism and Post Modernism.
Part 1
Research into Modernism and Post Modernism generating a body of work that explores the origins and philosophy of the movements related to your area of practice. Your visual work should be an expression of the movement and not a pastiche. You should aim to convey the essential nature of the movement. You will need to understand the social, industrial and political concerns which influence both movements.
Part 2
You are to submit designs for a broad sheet, which should be based al and original visual research from the year. To include edited versions • • • • • • •
City in Flux Earth Artifact Type transcription New Visual Language You should produce: Masthead Cover design Contents page Inner page/s
on your personof the following:
Modernism
Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped Modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities The main style of modernism is form, follows, function. There were many modernist periods such as de stijl, Bauhaus, Futurism, Vorticism, Cubism, Surrealism and Dada. The modernist believed in designs that symbolised the 21st century.
Post - Modernism
Post Modernism is a late 20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism, which represents a departure from modernism and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/postmodernism
Modernism Movement: Abstract expressionism
Frank Stella 1936
Frank Stella is an American painter and printmaker, noted for his work in the areas of minimalism and post-painterly abstraction. Stella continues to live and work in New York. Upon moving to New York City, he reacted against the expressive use of paint by most painters of the abstract expressionist movement, instead finding himself drawn towards the “flatter” surfaces of Barnett Newman’s work and the “target” paintings of Jasper Johns. He began to produce works which emphasized the picture-as-object, rather than the picture as a representation of something, be it something in the physical world, or something in the artist’s emotional world. Stella married Barbara Rose, later a well-known art critic, in 1961. Around this time he said that a picture was “a flat surface with paint on it - nothing more”. This was a departure from the technique of creating a painting by first making a sketch. Many of the works are created by simply using the path of the brush stroke, very often using common house paint.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Stella
Modernism Movement: Futurism
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 1876 –1944
Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti was an Italian poet and editor, the founder of the Futurist movement. Marinetti is known best as the author of the Futurist Manifesto, which he wrote in 1909. It was published in French on the front page of the most prestigious French daily newspaper, Le Figaro, on 20 February 1909. In The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism, Marinetti declared that “Art, in fact, can be nothing but violence, cruelty, and injustice.� George Sorel, who influenced the entire political spectrum from anarchism to Fascism, also argued for the importance of violence. Futurism had both anarchist and Fascist elements; Marinetti later became an active supporter of Benito Mussolini.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti
Modernism Movement: Suprematism
El Lissitzky 1890 -1941
Russian painter, typographer, architect and designer. Born in Polshinok and grew up in Vitebsk. Studied architecture at the Polytechnic in Darmstadt 1909-14, then returned to Moscow where he began to work in an architect’s office. Also began in 1917 to illustrate Jewish books for children, at first in a style influenced by Chagall and popular prints. In 1919 appointed professor of architecture and applied art at the art school in Vitebsk, where Malevich was a colleague, and collaborated with him in the Unovis group. Began to make abstract pictures which he called Prouns, as ‘the interchange station between painting and architecture’. Sent to Berlin in 1921 to establish contacts between artists in the USSR and Germany. Met Schwitters, Moholy-Nagy, van Doesburg and many others, and had his first one-man exhibition at the Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hanover, 1923. Designed books and periodicals with radical innovations in typography and photomontage. Spent 1924-5 in Switzerland, then returned to Moscow. I find El Lissitzky very appealing I really like the use of colour and shapes that he uses in
his
work.
I
take
inspiration
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/el-lissitzky-1519
from
this
and
used
circles
instead
in
different
colours.
Modernism Movement: De Stijl
Max Bill 1908 -1994
Max Bill was a Swiss architect, artist, painter, typeface designer, industrial designer and graphic designer. Bill was born in Winterthur. After an apprenticeship as a silversmith during 1924-1927, Bill took up studies at the Bauhaus in Dessau under many teachers including Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee and Oskar Schlemmer from 1927 to 1929, after which he moved to Zurich. After working on graphic designs for the few modern buildings being constructed, he built his first work, his own house and studio (1932–3) in Zurich-Höngg.[1] From 1937 onwards he was a prime mover behind the Allianz group of Swiss artists.[2] Bill is widely considered the single most decisive influence on Swiss graphic design beginning in the 1950s with his theoretical writing and progressive work.[3] His connection to the days of the Modern Movement gave him special authority. As an industrial designer, his work is characterized by a clarity of design and precise proportions.[4] Examples are the elegant clocks and watches designed for Junghans, a longterm client. Among Bill’s most notable product designs is the “Ulmer Hocker” of 1954, a stool that can also be used as a shelf element or a side table. Although the stool was a creation of Bill and Ulm school designer Hans Gugelot, it is often called “Bill Hocker” because the first sketch on a cocktail napkin was Bill’s work. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Bill
Modernism Movement: Constructivism
Walter Dexel 1890 - 1973
Walter Dexel was a German painter, commercial graphic designer, and transportation planner. He also functioned as an art historian and directed a museum in Braunschweig during the Second World War. Walter er
Dexel
Dexel
is
was
one
an
of
the
autodidact.
outstanding He
studied
exponents
of
art
under
history
1920s
Constructivism.
Heinrich
Wölfflin
As
and
a
paint-
Fritz
Burg-
er in Munich from 1910 to 1914. At the same time he received private drawing classes from H. Gröber. In
1916
Walter
Dexel
graduated
from
university
with
a
doctorate
under
Botho
Gräf.
In 1912/13 he produced his first pictures during a study trip to Italy. His early pictures were influenced by Cézanne’s landscapes, with his later work being influenced by Cubism and Expressionism. In 1914 Dexel held his first individual exhibition with Cubist pictures at the “Galerie Dietzel” in Munich. In
1918
hbitions
Walter with
Dexel
became
Campendonk
and
head later
of
exhibitions
with
Bauhaus
in
Jena,
artists
where like
he
organised
Moholy-Nagy.
In
first
ex-
the
ear-
ly 1920s Dexel’s work moves on to Constructivism, which he approaches in a comprehensive way.
http://www.walter-dexel.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Dexel
Post - Modernism Movement: Grunge Typography
David Carson 1954
David Carson is an American graphic designer, art director and surfer. He is best known for his innovative magazine design, and use of experimental typography. He was the art director for the magazine Ray Gun, in which he employed much of the typographic and layout style for which he is known. In particular, his widely imitated aesthetic defined the so-called “grunge typography” era.[1] Carson became the art director of Transworld Skateboarding magazine in 1984, and remained there until 1988, helping to give the magazine a distinctive look. By the end of his tenure there he had developed his signature style, using “dirty” type and non-mainstream photographic techniques. is layouts featured distortions or mixes of ‘vernacular’ typefaces and fractured imagery, rendering them almost illegible. Indeed, his maxim of the ‘end of print’ questioned the role of type in the emergent age of digital design, following on from California New Wave and coinciding with experiments at the Cranbrook Academy of Art.
Post - Modernism Movement: Pop Art
Roy Lichtenstein 1923 - 1997
American Pop artist; painter, lithographer and sculptor. Born in New York. Studied at the Art Students League 1939, and at Ohio State College 1940-3. War service 1943-6. Returned to Ohio State College 1946-9, and taught there until 1951. First one-man exhibition at the Carlebach Gallery, New York, 1951. Lived in Cleveland, Ohio 1951-7, painting and making a living at various odd jobs. Instructor at New York State University, Oswego, New York 1957-60, and at Rutgers University 1960-3. Painted in a non-figurative and Abstract Expressionist style 1957-61, but began latterly to incorporate loosely handled cartoon images, Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck etc., in his paintings. Made a breakthrough into his characteristic work in 1961; painted pictures based on comic strip images, advertising imagery and overt adaptations of works of art by others, followed by classical ruins, paintings of canvas backs or stretchers, etc. Made land, sea, sky and moonscapes in 1964, sometimes in relief and incorporating plastics and enamelled metal. His later work includes some sculptures, mostly in polished brass, based on Art-Deco forms of the 1930s, Lives in New York.
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/roy-lichtenstein-1508
Post - Modernism Movement: Abstract expressionism
Jackson Pollock 1912 - 1956
Jackson Pollock was an American painter, and is possibly the leading force behind the abstract expressionist movement in the art world. He studied in 1929, at the Students’ League in New York, where he studied under regionalist painter, Thomas Hart Benton. Early on in his career, during the 1930s, he worked in the Regionalist style, and he was also influenced by Mexican muralist painter Digo Rivera, and by much of the work in Surrealism, the art forms which were popular during this period. His
main
tracted
to
work do,
from
1938
shortly
to
after
1942, he
was
finished
a his
Federal
Art
schooling
Piece at
which the
he
Students’
was
con-
League.
By the mid 1940s, the art form which Jackson Pollock was most known for, was work he did in the abstract style. And, by 1947, he was doing the ‘drip and splash’ style, which many believe he introduced to the art world during this time period. Rather than fixing his canvas to an easel, most of his canvases were either set on the floor, or laid out against a wall. From there, he used a style where he would allow the paint to drip from the paint can. Instead of using the traditional paint brush, he would add depth to his images using knives, trowels, or sticks. This form of painting, known as “action painting,” had similar ties to the Surreal movement, in that it had a direct relation to the artist’s emotions, expression, and mood, and showcased their feeling behind the pieces they designed. http://www.jackson-pollock.org
Post - Modernism Movement: Futurism and Constructivism
Neville Brody 1957
Neville Brody is perhaps the best known graphic designer of his generation. He studied graphic design at the London College of Printing and first made his way into the public eye through his record cover designs and his involvement in the British independent music scene in the early 1980s. As the Art Director of Fetish he began experimenting with the beginnings of a new visual language that consisted of a mixture of visual and architectural elements. Later the zines
he
was
innovative that
able styling
firmly
to
put of
established
these
The
ideas
Face
his
into
magazine
reputation
as
practice
and
(1981-1986). one
of
the
to It
set
new
was
world’s
his
leading
precedents work graphic
on
through maga-
designers.
In particular, his artistic contribution to The Face completely revolutionised the way in which designers and readers approach the medium.to the artist’s emotions, expression, and mood, and showcased their feeling behind the pieces they designed. His pioneering spirit in the area of typography manifests itself today in such projects as FUSE, a regularly published collection of experimental typefaces and posters which challenges the boundaries between typography and graphic design. https://www.fontfont.com/designers/neville-brody
Post - Modernism Movement: Pop Art
Andy Warhol 1928 - 1987
Andy Warhol was one of the most important artists of pop art, which became extremely popular in the second half of the twentieth century. Though he is best remembered for his paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, he also created hundreds of other works including commercial advertisements and films Around 1960, Warhol had decided to make a name for himself in pop art. Pop art was a new style of art that began in England in the mid-1950s and consisted of realistic renditions of popular, everyday items. Warhol turned away from the blotted-line technique and chose to use paint and canvas but at first he had some trouble deciding what to paint. Warhol began with Coke bottles and comic strips but his work wasn’t getting the attention he wanted. In December 1961, Warhol gave $50 to a friend of his who had told him she had a good idea. Her idea was for him to paint what he liked most in the world, perhaps something like money and a can of soup. Warhol painted both. Warhol’s first exhibition in an art gallery came in 1962 at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. He displayed his canvases of Campbell’s soup, one canvas for each of the 32 types of Campbell’s soup. He sold all the paintings as a set for a $1000.
http://history1900s.about.com/od/artists/p/warhol.htm
MASTHEAD DESIGNS
I have collected a range of exciting masthead designs for inspiration. I have found every masthead is very different but works really well with the rest of the design of the magazine. I feel the colours and the weight of the type faces used are good too as the mastheads stand out and are easily seen from a distance.
FRONT COVER DESIGNS For front cover designs I have looked at very popular current magazine covers that are on the market at he moment. I find some covers are full of vibrant colours, where some of the magazines main interest on the cover is a single photo covering the whole front cover. I like both designs but “paper’ magazine is my favourite as it is bright, colourful and white. It stands out and gets the message across, I find some of the other covers are to busy and are not very welcoming.
LAYOUT DESIGNS
Here I found some really interesting layout examples, I feel very inspired by these by the use of space, colour and even point size. I think I will be using some of these layouts but making it my own so it gives it a unique look and is reconsigned as my magazine.
B L A C K S PA C E LESS IS MORE
THE GRID SYSTEM The Grid System is a framework that has b e e n m a d e f o r a g r a p h i c d e s i g n e r t o o rganise information on a page. It is made up of a series of lines to structure the contents in it
W o r k i n g w i t h Ty p e f a c e s . . Arial Black
DIN Alternate
New Visual Language
New Visual Language
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
Century Gothic
Gill Sans
New Visual Language
New Visual Language
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
Times New Roman
Snell Roundhand
New Visual Language NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE Lucida Calligraphy New Visual Language NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
New Visual Language NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE C h o s e n Ty p e f a c e
Helvetica Neue New Visual Language NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
Tu m b n a i l D e s i g n s Here are some Tumbnail sketches of ideas for my front cover and page layout, from there ideas I have developed them and used them in my final magazine
MASTHEAD DEVELOPMENT Here is various styles of mastheads. I have used a range of tools to produce them. I have also considered shape, size layout of type and even colour. I have come up ideas and made little changes to see what I can come up with. I feel my final masthead is bold big and gets the message across,when coming up with this I though about what it would look like on a shop shelf so I choice the colour yellow so it would stand out,
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NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
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NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
NEW VISUAL LANGUAGE
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n i F
M l a
a
h t s
d a e
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FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
CONTENTS PAGE DEVELOPMENT For my contents page I looked at ways I cover make it simple but effective. I feel the content page designs I have produced are strong and is easy to use, I agree that some are stronger then others, but my ideas from the first design to the last has progressed really well and that the final design takes inspiration of the artists I have research, using bright colours and shapes.
Contents City in Flux Page 1 - 3
Earth Artifact Page 6 - 10
Typeface Page 3 - 6
Artist
Page 10 - 15
Page 1 - 3
City in Flux
Page 1 - 3
Earth Artifact
Page 1 - 3
Typeface Page 1 - 3
C on t e n t s
Artist
Contents Earth Artifact
Page 1 - 3
City In Flux
Typeface
Artist
Page 1 - 3
Page 1 - 3
Page 1 - 3
F
a n i
lC
o
e t n
n
ts
P
e g a
Typeface Page 3 - 6
City in Flux Page 1 - 3
Contents Artist
Page 10 - 15
Earth Artifact Page 6 - 10
FRONT COVER DEVELOPMENT With my cover designs I took some inspiration from the research I got together but my final idea I took from the artist I researched. I have used simple shapes and bright colours I have also find the bold yellow masthead sits in really well. I am overall really happy with the cover design and find it goes really well with the contents pages.
n i F
C l a
ov
er
P
e g a
PAGE LAYOUT DEVELOPMENT Here I have shown how I have progressed with my development of the pages. I went for a white background at first but did not feel it looked good at all, so I changed the theme on each page so it gave each project a unique look.
NVL MAY 2015