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Regime: The Case of Spain” in Regimes and Oppositions, pp. 171-259. 15. Ibid. pp. 193-199 16. Ibid. p. 194. 17. Ibid. p. 196. 18. Ibid. pp. 199-205. 19. Ibid. p. 211. 20.Thocydides, The Peloponnesian War, as quoted by M. Hagopian The. 21. Phenomenon of Revolution (New York, 1974) p. 206. 22. Dahl, Polyarchy, ch.3. 23 1359 97116 24. Dahl, Political Opposition, p. 397.
152
.7 1363 .8 R.Dahl. (ed)Political Oppositions in Western Democracies. (Yale U.P.1966). 9. Ibid. pp.332-347. 10. Ibid. pp. 384-386. 11. W. Foltz, “Political Oppositions in Single-Party States of Tropical Africa” in Regimes and Oppositions, edited by R.Dahl U.P.1973, pp.151-154. 12. G. Skilling, “Opposition in Communist in Regimes and East Europe” Oppositions.pp. 92-94. 13 1221371 106 14. J.Linz, “Oppositions to and Under an Authoriarian
1. V. Randall and R. Theobald, Political Change and Underdevelopment. (London, Macmillan 1985.) 2. G. Savil, The Complete Works of George Savile. Oxford, 1912,p.225, as quoted by K.von Beyine “Opposition” in Marxism, Communism and Western Society. Vol6, New York, 1973, p.158. 3. See A.S Foord, His Majesty’s Opposition: 1714183 (Oxford U.p. 1964). 4. R.Dahl. polyarchy (Yale U.P.1971)ch.I. 5. Ibid.p. 49.
6. Ibid., Ch.8.
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) Wege aus der Totalitarismus-Forschung, Hrsg.: Bruno Seidel und Siegfried Jenkner, 1968 S. 611.
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Hana Arendt, Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, Band III, Totale Herrschaft, Berlin, 1975. P. Pawelka, Herrschaft und Entwicklung, im Nahen Osten, Ägypten, Heidelberg,1985. Reinhard Kuhn, Welt der Politik, Berlin, 1971. Totalitarismus im 20. Jahrhundert. Eine Bilanz der internationalen Forschung, Bonn 1996. Wege aus der Totalitarismus-Forschung, Hrsg.: Bruno Seidel und Siegfried Jenkner, 1968.
Allenstrem Graf, K., Die allgemeinen Merkmale der totalitären Diktatur. Jesse, in: Jesse, E. (Hrsg). Die allgemeinen Merkmale der totalitären Diktatur, Carl Joachim Friedrich und Zbigniew Brzezinski, in: Jesse, E. (Hrsg): Totalitarismus im 20. Jahrhundert. Eine Bilanz der internationalen Forschung, Bonn, 1996. Hanna Arendt, Macht und Gewalt, München, 1970.
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1-The Section drawn on Ahmed Hashim “ CivilMilitary Relations in Iran: A Case Study” unpublished manuscript, January, 1999, pp,148-168. 2-For more on the 1953 coup, see Mark j. Gasiorowski, the 1953 Coup D Etat in Iran, International Journal of Middle East studies 19,no3 (August 1987) 261-286. 3-Patrick Clawson and Michael Rubin, Eternal Iran: Continuity and Choas ( New york , palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 82-83. 4- Ibid. 69-85. 5
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15- Roberts, 45. Gasiorowski,645-666> 16-Michael Eisenstadt, The Armed Force of the Eslamic Republic of Iran, An Assessment, Meria Lournal 5, no.1, March, 2001. 17-Ali Ahmedi Motlagh, Political Prisoners and the Security Apparatus in PostElection Iran, Muftah, August,2, 2010. 18- Michael Eisenstadt, syrias Defense companies: Portrait of a Praetorian Unit, unpublished paper, 1989. www.ndu.edu/inss
9 200 100 1978 1000 Ward,217 10- Hashim. 148-149. 11-Mark J. Gasiorowski, The Nuzhih plot and Iranian politics, International Journal of Middle East studies.34,no. 4(September.2002) 645666. 12- Ward, 225. 13- Hashim, 140-168, Roberts, 5-28, Ward, 208210, Entessar, 57-61 Zabih.1-135. 14- Ward,221.
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