East Bottoms Vision Study pt. 2

e as t b o tt o m s v i s i o n s t u d y

industrial space reconsidered

VF 63

Goals & Objectives Green Infrastructure Framework Trail Design Framework Folly Framework Site Selection Phasing

65 69 83 93 99 101

VISION FRAMEWORK

ecological objectives

local ecological objectives In order to make East Bottoms inhabitable, it is necessary to make East Bottoms a safe place to be. The green infrastructure system will not only reduce air and soil pollution but will also manage the stormwater runoff and prevent the combined sewer system from overflowing and contaminating East Bottoms, the Missouri River, and the Blue River - thus aiding in the prevention of flooding in East Bottoms and wildlife preservation.

global ecological objectives Promoting sustainable adaptation in the East Bottoms would be an extremely beneficial development to resilient planning against global warming. Implementing this vision framework or certain aspects of this framework will not only build resiliency for the East Bottoms against flooding but also prepare for drought and prevent the East Bottoms from further contributing to dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.

ke s s l e r b l v d p a r k s sy s t e m e x t e n s i o n Connecting the East Bottoms to the Kessler Boulevard Parks System allows for planning for future generations as George Kessler did for us over 100 years ago. Establishing more pockets of land preservation is critical to the success of future generations of Kansas City. This also becomes a part of a larger green infrastructure system aiding in biodiversity promotion.

GOALS & OBJECTIVES

VF 65

The East Bottoms vision framework focuses on an issue that is happening in many cities around the world. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a widespread crisis of numerous industrial sectors has contributed to now polluted, neglected, or flood-prone industrial areas. It is now the job of future generations to figure out how to solve these problems. Transformation and reclamation of these industrial areas - such as Kansas City’s East Bottoms - is critical for sustainable city development and the recovery and conservation of our industrial heritage and riverfront. “This represents a significant enhancement to the quality of life and land use, and at the same time marks a new commitment to the transformation of polluted industrial sites to new cultural and environmental uses [15]." The East Bottoms vision framework looks for ways to transform these polluted industrial areas to sustainable green enclaves through natural processes over time and can stand as a model for other cities to follow.

identity objectives

natural amenities The East Bottoms has extremely strong geographical roots first described by Lewis and Clark in 1804. These natural amenities include the heavy expansive of woodlands throughout the Kessler Park bluff as well as the 955.45 acres of riparian forest and riverbank habitats along the Missouri River and Blue River. This is unique and unavailable anywhere else in Kansas City and the vision framework focuses on making these natural amenities an identifying element of the East Bottoms.

establish district identities By establishing district identities throughout the East Bottoms, this fosters cultural significance, wayfinding for easy navigation, growth and development of these areas, and creating memorable moments. This vision study accomplishes this through a color-coded trail loop and folly system which then turns this no man’s land into a destination site that makes use and celebrates what is already existing in the East Bottoms.

ecological and industrial coexistence The coexistence of industrial infrastructure and the green infrastructure system will be celebrated and reflect the identity of the industrial sector and Kansas City's unwavering leadership towards sustainability.

VF 67

connectivity objectives

p u b l i c r i g h t - o f-w ay Using the public right-of-way throughout the East Bottoms to create a continuous system of connections within and around the East Bottoms will allow for much needed safe walking and bike trails as well as easy navigation driving through the area. This also allows visitors and workers find and travel to the East Bottoms.

experiential A series of memorable experiences created this continuous public realm and offer side passages through nature; repurposed abandoned railroad tracks; and a color-coded system, which allows for a unique trail identity experience. These trails create a connection between the existing districts in the East Bottoms, allowing for successful, exciting, and integrated connectivity throughout the area.

ecological connections Providing connected environmental corridors along this continuous public realm creates safe passages for wildlife, directs the stormwater flow, and increases biodiversity through planting native vegetation where possible. Leading these corridors to the Missouri River and Blue River lets the city and our wildlife reconnect with our rivers.

"Every 2.5 minutes, the American West loses a football field worth of natural area to human development. And nearly half of all rivers in the West have been altered by human activities [16]."

G R E E N I N F R A ST R U C T U R E F R A M E W O R K

“ Ur b a n s p a c e s a r e i n e x t r i c a b l y l i n k e d t o t h e e nv i r o n m e n t o f o u r p l a n e t a n d t h e r e i s a c o m p e l l i n g c a s e f o r b u i l d i n g n e w c i t i e s a n d r e t r o f i tt i n g , o r e x p a n d i n g e x i s t i n g o n e s i n way s t h a t w o r k i n h a r m o ny w i t h n a t u r e , b y linking ecological and human systems. The objective is to achieve a cit y t h a t w o r k s i n e q u i l i b r i u m a n d b a l a n c e w i t h n a t u r e ra t h e r t h a n a g a i n s t i t , t o a d d r e s s t h e c u r r e n t e x c e s s o f u r b a n l i v i n g .�

- Cities Alive, Michael Mehaff y "Principles from the emergent theories of green infrastructure can be understood and applied in a new way to form unique landscapes of remediation [19]." The East Bottoms vision study looks to implement these strategies and examines how a remediation process could be exhibited. We asked ourselves how these landscapes of cleaning can become part of the urban infrastructure to create new revitalized industrial spaces? These transformative remediation and stormwater management systems can be used as design tools that provide conceptual bridges between environmentally friendly design, aesthetics, and recreation. This leads to better design in multiple ways. Usually, culture and nature are not one in the same thing and rather one or the other and we believe a strong argument can be made to change this. In "Landscape Urbanism" (2003), James Corner speaks of this "culturally animate ecology" where culture and nature become complementary through a practice of combining them into new kinds of public spaces, where landscape drives the process of city transformation.

This ultimately defines the concept we propose for the East Bottoms vision study and is first accomplished through an extensive site analysis of current sewer and stormwater management strategies.

The studio then started defining the best locations to store and direct rainwater based on topography, land use, and land ownership as well as public right-of-way that should be utilized for a bioswale network and street improvements. From here, stormwater catchment possibilities were calculated and the percentages of captured stormwater during rainfall events as well as ecologically significant vegetation.

VF 69

"The redevelopment of industrial areas has received a lot of attention in the past few years and has become a major landscape related problem [17]." Since the 1980s, policymakers and planners of Kansas City have been paying significantly more attention to sustainable development. “The redevelopment of derelict brownfield sites, which are often located in the core sections of urban areas or sites of high ecological value as rivers are prime targets for urban revitalization [18]." This is the current challenge and opportunity the East Bottoms faces. With strong geographical roots by our rivers, and preserved woodlands, the East Bottoms is a place that is sought out for future development, but more than a century of heavy industry has left a legacy of contamination that needs to be addressed first as well as the deeply rooted flooding issues. This can be accomplished through a strong green infrastructure framework.

lowest sites for retention

b a c k f l o w a n d s e w a g e o u tf a l l p o i n t s

Topographical studies show the land parcels that are lowest in elevation where water flows naturally through gravity. Based on the findings, the eastern part of the site is the lowest in elevation, and has the largest possible retention basins to be used in the East Bottoms.

During heavy rainfall events, the East Bottoms' combined sewer system tend to run overflow, causing problems of standing wastewater in the East Bottoms. This, along with polluted excess surface runoff result to flooding in the the East Bottoms and further contamination of the rivers.

separate

combined

p u b l i c r i g h t - o f-w ay p o s s i b l e b i o sw a l e n e t w o r k

s e p a r a t e v s . c o m b i n e d s e w a g e sy s t e m s

The interconnected public right-of-way presents opportunities for a contin- Different sewage system types in the East Bottoms help reflect the uous and connected bioswale network that conveys and direct stormwater ways to handle these different systems. In separate systems, filtration runoff naturally through gravity. and conveyance should be the focus. Combined sewage systems often lead to combined sewage overflows and catchment and conveyance should be the main focus.

site influences possible

VF 71

difficult

potential-to-use land and ownership limitations With the majority of the East Bottoms being owned and operated by private industries, potential-to-use land has been analyzed to show the most likely land to use(city-owned and public right-of-way) to the most difficult land to use(private industries). Some in-between parcels have been graded based on ecological value and current land use that is on the site.

g r e e n a n d b l u e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e b r e a kd o w n protective barriers/parks vegetated landscape phytoremediation/vegetation additions street tree addition

g r e e n i n f r as t r u c t u r e b r e a kd o w n The green infrastructure breakdown defines different land typologies: the protective barrier parks; land to be developed or restored for natural landscaping purposes; the land where phytoremediation and bioremediation are strongly encouraged; and street tree or eco-corridors that can allow for continuous wildlife passage. From here each pocket of land was further analyzed for ecologically significant vegetation types, and roughly how many trees should be introduced to the area. stormwater basins swale flow direction bioswales basin location

b l u e i n f r as t r u c t u r e b r e a kd o w n The blue infrastructure breakdown defines the bioswale network proposed along the public rightof-way and pockets of land that need to be kept in reserve for stormwater management. "Missouri has lost as much as 4.2 million acres (87 percent) of its original wetlands [20]." This blue infrastructure capture, convey, treats and store stormwater, as well as use it for remediation through natural processes.

An extensive bioswale and daylighted stream network connecting to smaller, distributed lands reduce the chances of overflow in the combined sewer system, therefore reducing the possibility of flooding in the East Bottoms. This also reduce the amount of polluted stormwater that ends up in the rivers.

vegetative green space wetland bioswales stormwater basins

t

ef

ron

ts

t

chestnut trfy

gardner ave

ey

rkl

be

wy pk

guino

nicholson ave

e tte av

+12,697 trees planted in east bottoms +1,969,916 lbs carbon sequestered in 1 year (assuming 5 yr old trees) +21% reduction of surface runoff in a 6 inch rainfall event g r e e n i n f r as t r u c t u r e f r a m e w o r k r e f i n e d The green infrastructure framework was refined by combining green(air quality and vegetation significant) properties and stormwater management strategies. These pockets of land and public right-of-way were then analyzed further and identified as having different ecologically significant land types including sunken green space, detention ponds, retention ponds, shallow trenches, vegetative buffer zones, wet ponds, rainwater wetlands, waterfront buffer zones, and infiltration tree ponds.

VF 73

n corrington ave

e front st

universal ave

rive r fr on

td r

deramus ave n century ave

ll s

we

stil

s4

s6

s3

s8

s10

s12

s11

s9

s7

s5

s2

s1

w a t e r s h e d l ay o u t p l a n a n d p e r f o r m a n c e According to the topography analysis, the site is defined into 12 smaller watersheds. Each watershed serves as a smaller system within the larger framework. While all of the watersheds have means of at least catchment, filtration, conveyance, and retention/detention, each watershed varies in the amount of stormwater catchment possible.

e x i s t i n g v s p r o p o s e d av e r a g e r a i n f a l l a n d d i s c h a r g e h y d r o g r a p h 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00

rain duration/min 0 0 0 0 :00 :0 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 00 :00 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :0 :0 :00 :0 :0 15 0:45 1:15: 1:45 2:15 2:45 3:15 3:45 4:15 4:45 5:15 5:45 6:15: 6:45 7:15: 7:45 8:15 8:45 9:15 9:45 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45

rainfall intensity/mm/h

P=10 yrs

rainfall intensity/mm/h

P=2 yrs

rain duration/min 0 0 0 0 :00 :0 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 00 :00 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :0 :0 :00 :0 :0 15 0:45 1:15: 1:45 2:15 2:45 3:15 3:45 4:15 4:45 5:15 5:45 6:15: 6:45 7:15: 7:45 8:15 8:45 9:15 9:45 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00

rain duration/min 0 0 0 0 :00 :0 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 00 :00 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :0 :0 :00 :0 :0 15 0:45 1:15: 1:45 2:15 2:45 3:15 3:45 4:15 4:45 5:15 5:45 6:15: 6:45 7:15: 7:45 8:15 8:45 9:15 9:45 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45

rainfall intensity/mm/h

P=50 yrs

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00

rainfall intensity/mm/h

P=5 yrs

rain duration/min 0 0 0 0 :00 :0 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 00 :00 00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :00 :0 :0 :00 :0 :0 15 0:45 1:15: 1:45 2:15 2:45 3:15 3:45 4:15 4:45 5:15 5:45 6:15: 6:45 7:15: 7:45 8:15 8:45 9:15 9:45 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45

m e as u r e d p e r f o r m a n c e

s1

1323 3 2 8 ,1 0 4 122,780 1 ,6 7 3 2 .1 %

s2 trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

s4 493 122,264 68,211 1 ,1 5 0 4 .6 %

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

756 1 8 7, 4 8 8 7 5 ,0 8 2 1 ,0 4 6 1.9%

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

517 128,216 61,390 941 2 .1 %

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

579 143,592 46,383 7 11 4.2%

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

279 6 9 ,1 9 2 1 7 7, 3 4 9 2 ,928 4 . 5%

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

s9 trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

s11 trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

7 11 176,328 136,42 2 2 ,0 9 1 6.2%

s6

s8

s10 464 1 1 5 ,0 7 2 259,202 3,765 4 .1 %

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

s5

s7 263 59,279 7 7, 7 6 1 983 3.7%

2389 592,47 2 53,205 1 ,0 2 5 8.8%

s3

622 154,256 81,853 1,464 2 . 5%

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

s12 trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

509 122,328 204,533 3 ,1 3 8 1.7%

trees co2 sequestered c a t c h m e n t a r e a (m 2 ) s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y (m 3) i m p r o v e d i n 1 .4 ” e v e n t

VF 75

Comparing the existing runoff conditions with the new proposal using the EPA Storm Water Management Model and Runoff Calculator, it showed that the proposed scheme would reduce a significant amount of surface runoff. For a 10-20 year storm event, each watershed should be able to handle rainwater in that area and for 50-100 years storm events, rainwater is directed to larger basins in the East.

For the entire study area, the proposed stormwater management would reduce 42.7% of surface runoff for a 1.4-inch rain event and 21% for a 6-inch rain event. Details specific to each watershed area including how many trees we propose to be planted, how much carbon those trees sequester, the improved catchment area for rainwater(impervious land minus pervious land), the stormwater storage capacity, and the improved percentage showing how much surface runoff is reduced is shown below.

street t ypologies & improvements

typology 1

typology 2

typology 3

Berkley Pkwy

rails-to-trails, rails-to-trails with bioswales

E Front St up to Riverfront Dr

typology 4

typology 5

typology 6

Deramus Ave, Gardner Ave, Stillwell St, N. Century Ave, and N. Corrington Ave

Guinotte Ave and Chestnut Trfwy *see electric park district for details

Riverfront Dr *see riverfront park for details

typology 7

typology 8

typology 9

E Front St and GoBond Proposal *see working landscape for details

Universal Ave *see industrial district for details

New Century Ave *see working landscape for details

KC PORT AUTHORITY DEVELOPMENTS

curb inlets bioswale soil perforated pipe collection pipe

curb inlet drains past sidewalk to native vegetation drain channel

VF 77

curb inlets mulch soil

typology 1 - berkley pkwy

porous asphalt over abandoned railroad tracks

porous asphalt over abandoned railroad tracks gravel added trees and vegetation

added trees and vegetation bioswale mulch soil perforated pipe collection pipe

t ypology 2 - rails-to-trails

t y p o l o g y 2 - r a i l s - t o - t r a i l s w i t h b i o sw a l e s

tree barrier native vegetation added to existing retention basin stormwater pipe mulch soil collection pipe

emergency lane, no curb

added vegetation mulch soil drain channel

added trees and vegetation bioswale porous asphalt trail continued on from typ 1

t y p o l o g y 4 - e as t f r o n t s t u p t o r i v e r f r o n t d r KCFD STATION #47

native vegetation bioswale collection pipe

mulch soil curb inlet collection pipe

t y p o l o g y 5 - d e r a m u s av e , g a r d n e r av e , s t i l l w e l l s t , n . c e n t u r y av e , & n . c o r r i n g t o n av e

VF 79 rain garden ponding zone

vegetated swale

drain pipe

riprap

trail drainage cover

curb cut

c o n n e c t e d b i o sw a l e n e t w o r k a n d v e g e t a t i o n - The bioswale system and street improvements aim to exhibit remediation and vegetation significance over time to the public by connecting these elements through recreation and public spaces. “The long-term time requirement for phytoremediation can also provide an opportunity: Changing and growing plant communities can be staged, each step of the cleaning process can transform into specific landscape typologies that build up the framework for urban form and green urban infrastructure and that is simultaneously a landscape of experiences [19]."

Below is a preliminary list of suggested street plantings for the Kansas City area. small-med trees

med-large shade trees

phy toremediation

American Hornbeam Amur Maple Crabapple Flowering Dogwood Fringetree Corneliancherry Dogwood Kousa Dogwood Goldenrain Tree Hedge Maple Hophornbeam Japanese Tree Lilac Red Buckeye Serviceberry Smoketree Trident Maple

American Linden Black Alder Black Gum Ginko Hackberry Honey locust Kentucky Coffeetree Lacebark Elm Littleleaf Linden Norway Maple Dawn Redwood River Birch Sugar Maple Sweet Gum Willow Oak

Indian Mustard Indian Grass Willow Poplar tree Sunflowers alpine pennycress hemp Pigweed Eichhornia crassipes

working detention space

working retention space

natural landscaping

Landscape to clean and remediate stormwater in surrounding areas

Landscape to clean and remediate stormwater in surrounding areas

detention pond that is not open to pedestrian circulation

retention pond that is not open to pedestrian circulation

Landscape to clean and remediate air quality and making a habitat for the animals in the area

public detention space

public retention space

urban green spaces

Hardscape that will act as a public space when dry and a detention pond when wet

Landscape to clean and remediate stormwater in surrounding areas while also engaging with public

Landscape to clean and remediate air quality while providing public interactive space for pedestrians

public seating, public stage/performance, art plaza, fields, andplaygrounds

boardwalks, bridges, and plaza areas

public landscaping in the more built environment that acts as placeholder for vacant lots including: plazas, seating, mazes, and playgrounds.

landscape that is not open to pedestrian circulation

green space typologies working detention space working retention space natural landscaping public detention space public retention space

VF 81

urban green spaces

l i n k i n g g r e e n i n f r as t r u c t u r e w i t h t h e p u b l i c r e a l m The green space typology system is put in place to identify the pockets of land set aside for ecological benefits strictly for environmental purposes or transformed into ecologically benefitial land also meant for public space or recreation as well. These spaces were defined based on site characteristics and by overlaying these green space typologies along with the trail loops system through the East Bottoms. By combining these public and natural sites, this allows pedestrian movement within the remediation and water management framework to become a unique series of experiences that change over time through plant growth that also educates the public.

b l u e va l l e y p a r k

p e n n va l l e y p a r k

swope park

TRAIL DESIGN FRAMEWORK

e as t b o tt o m s l o o p sy s t e m

e as t b o tt o m s t o w e s t b o tt o m s l o o p

c o n n e c t i n g t o Ke s s l e r l o o p sy s t e m

VF 83

The trail design framework focuses on solving the site's main connection issues and uses the public realm and green infrastructure framework to create a relationship between people, the East Bottoms, and nature. The concept of the East Bottoms trail is to create a connection internally using a series of small loops that will create a more pedestrian and cyclist oriented area. The bigger loop will connect the East Bottoms to the West Bottoms, in return creating a continuous public realm. That realm will be further connected to the Kessler Parks and Boulevards System which pull these connections through to the greater Kansas City area. Beyond that, these loops have a series of colors to keep pedestrians and cyclists oriented and bring organization and easy navigation to the trail. Ultimately, the trail would become a regional destination point, a valued local amenity, and also be used for marathons.

e x i s t i n g u r b a n f a b r i c & ke y c o n s t i t u t i n g e l e m e n t s

urban fabric

residential/social

manufacturer/warehouse

industrial/mixed use

industrial plants

rails

This zone makes up 15% of the site and defined by the housing and social functions provided in this area.

This zone makes up 10% of the site and is predominantly paved with industrial buildings only.

This zone makes up 10% of the site and defined through industrial uses, but also 4 schools, worker unions, and some vegetation.

This zone makes up 30% of the site and definied by the heavy industrial land use and agricultural land.

This zone makes up 35% of the site and the areas predominantly dominated by the railyards.

VF 85 ke y c o n s t i t u t i n g e l e m e n t s

cohesive urban fabric There are various types of urban fabric in East Bottoms from very small scale residential figure ground to large warehouses and manufactureres figure ground.

industrial structures

social venues

There are significant industrial elements that are There are significant social functions in East Botmassive in scale and volume and can be seen toms including various schools, food, and enterfrom various places on the site. These elements tainment areas on the site. become part of the character of the East Bottoms.

trail formation significant site elements

significant site elements The significant site industrial elements are defined to the right. These sites are chosen as significant by their scale and volume, their history, or the amenities that they provide for the public. The East Bottoms trail was partially formed by aligning the trail with these significant site elements or framing views of these significant site elements. stormwater basins swale flow direction bioswales basin location

g r e e n i n f r as t r u c t u r e f r a m e w o r k The East Bottoms trail was formed to not only align with significant site elements that are built but to also go along with the green infrastructure framework and connect the public to these natural working landscapes. This inspires and teaches users on the trail about our environment and juxtaposes the large industrial infrastructures.

stormwater basins swale flow direction bioswales basin location trail

VF 87

significant site elements

sy n t h e s i s m a p The synthesis map was formed based on the significant site elements of the site and the green infrastructure framework. From here, various trail loops systems were defined based on the context of the site, current vehicular traffic habits, land ownership, and ecological value.

critical developments The RIVERFRONT PARK not only protects the East Bottoms by acting as a horizontal levee, but also provides an active and engaging waterfront for Kansas City.

Visible to the Heart of America Bridge and I-29, this area provides an opportunity to activate Guinotte Ave as an important corridor unifying Berkley, The River Market, Columbus Park, and Pendleton Heights

This area serves as a GATEWAY to East Bottoms from Riverfront Park and NE Chouteau Trafficway.

With the MCC, Frontier School of Innovation, Frontier Stem High School, and KC Soccer Dome, this area is an existing PLACE OF LEARNING that can engage with manufacturers in the Industrial District

This wetland serves as the primary retention basin, linking the east side of the site to the trail from Riverfront Park and the Industrial District, and is visibile to I-435.

The Urban Core connects to the Riverfront Trail through a footbridge over the rails that provides connection and views to the Missouri River.

This wetland serves as the biggest retention basin and remediates water and soil, and serves as a crucial wildlife habitat for East Bottoms.

Next to Bar K and seen from Berkley Pkwy and Heart of American Bridge, this unassuming area is an opportunity for an urban green space off the Riverfront Heritage Trail

This area serves as the connection between West Bottoms to the East Bottoms Trail and further connects to the Missouri River.

The bridge connects the Rivermarket, Columbus Park and Pendleton Heights to Berkley Riverfront

THE ELECTRIC PARK DISTRICT connects Guinotte Ave to the Riverfront Park Trail. It also establishes a entertainment gathering node.

Green spaces surrounding railroad tracks can become a working landscape that remediates the soil and catches runoff from 30% slope from Kessler Park

Linking the East Bottoms Trail to Kessler Park, the KESSLER LOOKOUT TOWER AND BRIDGE gives the best views of East Bottoms and lands on Indian Mound Park.

PortKC introduces CONTAINERS ON BARGE, further catalyzing East Bottoms development.

Serving as a link to the Kessler Lookout Tower, this area connects East Bottoms to the Blue River and Blue River Valley.

development map The development map was made through identifying any important nodes, current disconnections, or opportunities that lie along the East Bottoms trail.

This tells you some of the major proposals or connections of the vision framework.

existing trail linking corridor immersive corridor social nodes riverfront nodes industrial nodes

VF 89

working landscape nodes

c l i ff d r i v e s c e n i c b y w ay river front heritage trail

defining critical nodes and corridors t ypes The trail is made up of two parts, nodes and corridors. The corridors create an experiential link to the nodes. The nodes are stop and view spaces that provide a different experience along the trail. The corridors are these moving experiences that create a pull effect to each of the nodes along the trail.

establishing trail identit y social / urban zone riverbelt industrial district working landscape

t r a i l zo n e s i t e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s To establish trail identity we first needed to define the different characteristics of the site along the trail. The most obvious identities were defined as the social/urban zone (defined because of the residential houses, entertainment amenities on the site and being the closest location to the city), the river belt (defined because of the riparian forest and riverbank habitats), the industrial district (defined because this part of the site mainly holds industrial warehouses and schools), and the working landscape (defined because this part of the site holds the largest industries and undeveloped land).

existing trail complete streets pedestrian/cyclist trail only rails-to-trails

trail t ypologies To further refine how this trail will be built, different trail typologies were defined: completed streets, pedestrian/cyclist trails only, existing trails, and repurposed abandoned railroad tracks.

3 mi.

west bottoms loop berkley loop

3.25 mi.

social hub loop

6 mi.

riverfront loop social industrial hub loop working landscape loop stem connection

2 mi.

3.5 mi.

13 mi.

VF 91

1.75 mi.

c r e a t i n g a l o o p s sy s t e m - To further establish trail identity, a color-coded loops system was utilized.

This massive industrial district is daunting to navigate and the color-coded system promotes organization and wayfinding. To reinforce this, a series of color-coded follies are brought through and along the trail to offer service amenities and trail rhythm. This idea is based on the creation of a repeatable visual code that creates identity and an ordering system that defines the trail and stands in opposition to the fragmented and haphazard nature of industrial urban scape. This strategy makes the trail loop system a desired trail for marathons and also stands as a regional destination showcasing the different districts within the East Bottoms. This is similar to Bernard Tschumi's design of Le Parc De La Villette in 1980.

“ T h e P ar k i s a s e r i e s o f c in e gr am s , e a c h o f w hi c h i s b a s e d o n a p r e c i s e s e t o f ar c hi t e c t o ni c , s p a t ial o r p r o gr amm a t i c t r an s f o r m a t i o n s . C o n t inui t y an d s up e r imp o s i t i o n o f c in e gr am s ar e t w o a s p e c t s o f m o n t a g e . M o n t a g e , a s a t e c hni qu e , in c lu d e s s u c h o t h e r d e v i s e d a r e p e t i t i o n , inv e r s i o n , s ub s t i t u t i o n an d in s e r t i o n . T h e s e d e v i c e s s u g g e s t an ar t o f r up t ur e , w h e r e b y inv e n t i o n r e s i d e s in c o n t r a s t- e v e n in c o n t r a di c t i o n .� – B e r nar d Ts c hum i

m o d u l e sy s t e m Follies were first defined as a module system of a 12' x 12' structure for easy construction and adaptability. This size was decided for the ample space it would provide for small amenities along the trail and also because this size easily fits stairs when the follies are stacked.

degrees of enclosure The degrees of enclosure of the follies are defined as transparent, open, semi-open, semi-closed, enclosed, and solid. These different types are placed along the trail based on what is needed.

Transparent follies are used as wayfinding/ artistic elements. Open follies are used for overhead sun protection but interact with the environment fully. Semi-open follies are used when a backdrop wall is needed or for sun or wind protection from one direction. Semi-closed follies are used for privacy from two sides of the structure for sun or wind protection. Enclosed follies are used for extra sun and wind protection or service follies like bike amenities that are more focused. Solid follies are used to hold functions like restrooms where privacy is crucial.

cladding type Different cladding types are decided based on the context and use of the folly. The standard sheet metal should be used when a solid wall is needed and masonry is not needed. The perforated panels could be used to display images or just interesting shapes/images that diffuse light and let some breeze through - This type also allows for vegetated walls. The louvers diffuse light and should be oriented based on sun direction. The fly ash brick is masonry that we feel could be used by recycling the fly ash being phased out by Evergy and should be used in strictly permanent follies.

F O L LY D E V E LO P M E N T F R A M E W O R K folly tower 5 min. walk tower views trail

VF 93

bridges

standard folly orientations Follies were first placed along the trail at important nodes of public interaction or specific disconnections. The follies at the rail or vehicular barriers were then identified as tower follies. From here, folly orientations, degrees of enclosure, and cladding types were based on views towards significant site elements, the green infrastructure framework, and environmental conditions. Beyond this, certain follies were identified as footbridge towers based on the need of getting past rail or vehicular barriers.

folly operations and programs First, the major services these follies offer were defined, including a watchtower for views and the public, footbridges for trails through wetlands, and footbridge towers to overcome rail or vehicular barriers. From here, typical service follies were defined to offer bike service, seating, eating, retail, or restrooms.

as p e c t s o f o p e r a t i o n s Aspects of operations refer to the follies structure in its relationship to environmental conditions. Beyond just shading - Energy harvesting, wind barriers, and air purification techniques are explored.

combination of programs Some follies are enhanced or combined at certain public nodes along the trail based on the need or site-specific qualities.

VF 95

folly operations and programs

folly program and placement methodology

After analyzing these specific sites further, the folly operations and programs were refined based on design solutions and expected user activity. 5-10 minute walks were defined as the farthest these follies should be from one another(these distances reflected in the map above).

installation details

VF 97

f o l l y c o n s t r u c t i o n d e t a i l s - The follies are constructed through modular I-beams bolted to column footings. For the roof, these columns connect to metered welded I-beams through bolting to a steel cap plate. The studio envisioned perforated enclosure panels from Standard Sheet Metal in the East Bottoms.

roof installation

modularity and prefabrication

column to beam

The studio explored modular and prefabricated construction processes based on the idea of creating a repeatable visual code. This generates less waste, creates fewer site disturbances, and allows for tighter construction.

Components are simplified as much as possible to reduce overall construction costs and part maintenance complexities. Smaller field crews are required as follies can be implemented on a need-basis at different times.

foundation

column to cladding

cladding

SITE SELECTIONS electric park district

river front park

working landscape

VF 99

industrial district

C O N C E PT P H A S I N G phase I : 0-5 years e s t a b l i s h r i v e r f r o n t a n d e l e c t r i c p a r k w h i l e i n i t i a t i n g r e m e d i a t i o n e ff o r t s

Initiate phytoremediation by developing constructed wetlands.

Establish Riverfront

Strengthen connection of River Market to Berkley Riverfront using existing Berkley Pkwy Bridge.

Buyback of lands to be kept in reserve for stormwater management.

Set up bridge to Riverfront

Transform Guinotte Ave into a greenway to establish Guinotte as an important corridor leading to Chestnut.

Establish Urban Core to catalyze redevelopment in East Bottoms.

Growing of foliage as barrier. Bigger and important lands bought back to be kept in reserve.

Initiate bioremediation efforts in lands between rails.

Planting of vegetation along Blue River Trail

p h as e I d e t a i l s Phase 1 of the project would include the large catalytic developments to spur growth, interest, and frequent activity in the East Bottoms. These developments include the establishment of Riverfront Park, redevelopment efforts to revitalize East Bottoms neighborhoods, and establishing an urban core at the Electric Park District surrounding existing amenities of J. Reiger & Co., Knuckleheads Saloon, and Electric Park field and playground. While these developments are initiated, phytoremediation planting across the entire site is started as landscapes only grow over time. This would also be a good time to buy back any land that can be put in reserve for stormwater management.

p h as e I I : 5 - 1 0 y e a r s establish industrial trail, ver tical farms, school campus rec fields, and nor th park labs

Continue phytoremediation planting.

Build up redevelopment by the river

More foliage is added. Vegetation is planted and maintained in the Working Landscape

Strengthen connection to West Bottoms

Revitalized district of East Bottoms maintained and new visitors established.

Transformation into a mixed-use corridor continues.

Repurpose abandoned railroads, implement green infrastructure Streets and bioswale network.

p h as e I I d e t a i l s Phase 2 includes the development of the Industrial District and further green infrastructure developments. This phase completes three primary stormwater basins and another loop system. This phase in particular focuses on making programs and forming relationships with the Metropolitan Community College Business and Technology campus as well as the Frontier Schools for Innovation. Relationships are formed through the addition of a vertical farm facility, school campus recreation fields/playground, and a learning lab park. Beyond this, this phase marks a time for landscaping maintenance and additionally added vegetation.

VF 101

Develop Chouteau Gateway to continue Riverfront Trail, construct stormwater basin, establish city greenhouse, and mark the beginning of Industrial Trail.

Establish Industrial Trail by: transforming Universal Ave corridor; transformed stormwater basins; a school campus plaza; and boardwalk trail park to the North.

phase III : 10-15 years e s t a b l i s h e c o - t r a i l a n d w o r k i n g l a n d s c a p e a r e as

Greenhouse introduced and partnered with MCC and Frontier schools to provide students with education, expertise, and careers in urban farming.

Vacant lands are bought back and used as additional basins for stormwater management.

Outdoor Classroom and Lab introduced to provide students with environmental, engineering, and natural sciences education and careers.

Green Loop is finished and connected to Kessler Parks and Boulevard System.

Eco-Trail and constructed wetlands serving as major retention basins, park and wildlife habitats are established and stitched to East Bottoms Trail.

Abandoned silos are adaptive reused into vertical water storage and wildlife habitat. Blue River Trail connection is resolved and improved.

p h as e I I I d e t a i l s Phase 3 includes finishing the loop system trails by developing public interaction along the Working Landscape green infrastructure and ecological developments. It is around this time we believe vegetation will have grown significantly and Evergy will have already been or will soon be phasing out the coal-burning plant, Hawthorne 5. By completing this trail many wildlife habitats are restored, the green loop is finished and connected back to the Kessler Parks and Boulevard system, and Kansas City has restored connectivity to the Missouri River and Blue River.

The vision framework was developed to focus the scope of the studio project including the boundary, vision, mission, and goals of the studio. After overlaying analytical and inventory research, findings concluded that the entire East Bottoms needs: a solid green infrastructure and flooding resiliency plan; a continuous and safe public right-of-way; public access to our rivers; ecological and wildlife promotion; and public recreation/interaction. To accomplish these goals, a trail loops system was created to follow along with the green infrastructure framework. This way the trail and a connected series of public spaces allow for a set of unique experiences where the industrial and natural realm coexist.

This series of experiential destinations within the trail loops system links together pedestrian walkways, bike paths, and eco-corridors while ultimately connecting them to existing trails and mass transit.

These destinations are public spaces defined by first utilizing existing public and natural amenities such as the entertainment available in the Electric Park area, Missouri River, Blue River, and Kessler Park. Beyond that, these different public spaces connect and stop through green infrastructure developments and natural landscapes, allowing for the trail to serve as these educational green enclaves.

Through a folly and color-coded system, this also serves as a solution to transform this 'no-mans land' into a series of destinations with a strong sense of identity.

Currently, the site landscapes have a consistent monochrome palette that stands out from the constant pavement and large industrial buildings. The color-coded trail system and added vegetation juxtaposes this and compliments. This ends up creating a unique and strong wayfinding system - By seeing what color the trail or follies are, this tells you what district and loops system you are in. This establishes a sense of place that allows visitors to feel comfortable about where they are and gives them a sense of direction. These various follies, public spaces, and trail loops then promote existing programming, wildlife, and industry. While the follies must establish a sense of identity and place, it is also important that these service follies provide connections both visually and physically. Two additional elements to the folly system include the use of footbridges and viewing towers. The main purpose of these specific folly systems is to create connections where there are existing problematic disconnections, take advantage of currently vacant land, and create memorable experiences with extraordinary views.

Beyond this, the vision framework defines critical areas of intervention that deserve further analysis and serves as proof of concept. These areas include the Electric Park District, the Riverfront Park, the Industrial District, and the Working Landscape. Electric Park and the Riverfront Park are established during phase 1 and labeled as 'catalytic' developments that build off of existing entertainment, connecting the city back to our rivers and heritage. The Industrial District focuses on green infrastructure, strengthening school and community relationships, and positive industrial developments. And lastly, the Working Landscape looks to give undeveloped land back to nature, promote wetlands and water storage, wildlife biodiversity, riverfront access, extraordinary views, and public recreational trails.

VF 103

conclusions

VF 105

TAC T I C A L I N D U ST R I A L U R B A N I S M :

BY TAY V I A N AV Y Vacancy The definition of vacancy is ‘empty space’ - Regardless of who legally owns the land this space is now empty. What does this do for our cities? These spaces can become vandalized, broken, and neglected which can put a burden on the city. We believe taking these left-over, empty spaces and establishing them as working landscapes or public spaces or a combination is critical in improving the city’s fabric.

“…empty spaces are not simply the left-over results of desertion but rather of construction: they are intentionally “set-up” and staged as open grounds for wholly indeterminate futures.”

-James Corner The understanding of architecture as ‘building’ is a common idea, but the reversal of this approach of architecture as 'un-building', can, in fact, be just as important. According to Waldheim/Santos-Munne in "Decamping Detroit", the process of unbuilding is one that cities should reflect on and treat as of the same importance as building. When it comes to developing a city, the technique of holding open unused space on reserve for future development is

critical. But what can this land become? How do we make it more meaningful to the city?

Tactical Urban Tools To create a meaningful space, the development of a framework needs to ask the important questions; What does this space need? What do the users of this space need? Does the space need users at all? With the current state of the world with the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe open green spaces are important for the vitality and health of the people in cities. This has opened the eyes of how we think of urban planning and design and how important these open green spaces are for people. Not public spaces, where we engage with the everyday citizens of the city, but the open natural land to be closer to nature. By using vacant spaces in cities, along with maintaining and promoting natural landscapes, we can create better and more sustainable design for the people and the environment. We can do this by creating tactical urban tools, such as the East Bottoms folly system, that allows temporary transformation of the space to fill in these vacant voids in our city’s fabric. These spaces allow for more meaningful design, impacting not only the surrounding site but the city as a whole.

H OW R E T H I N K I N G E X I ST I N G I N F R A ST R U C T U R E S C A N H E L P R E D U C E W I L D L I F E H A B I TAT F R AG M E N TAT I O N The Public Realm and Wildlife Kansas City, being a predominantly car-centric city, has the most limited-access highway lane-miles per capita than any other American urban city. Many of the industries in the East Bottoms are there because the location provides excellent vehicular connection in and out of Kansas City. With I-435, the second longest beltway in the nation, encircling the city and situated almost right in the middle of the East Bottoms, the highway not only brings in heavy traffic to the East Bottoms, but also acts as a barrier between the western and eastern half of the East Bottoms. Though it may not be obvious, these roads, as well as local public right-of-ways, are lined with roadsides that have the potential to also become wildlife corridors.

Typically mowed, these roadsides provide important habitats when shrubs and native vegetation are left to grow. Aside from costing less to maintain, restoring roadside habitats supports birds, butterflies, and many other species. Resulting from experimentation with different management techniques, utility companies found that when tall and fast-growing trees are eliminated to prevent interference with their equipment, this resulted to

low-growth dense shrubland that supports wildlife in desperate need of these habitats. Similar to utility corridors, roadsides are parcels of lands that are spared from development. While it is a struggle to prevent deforestation and increase the amount of protected lands that can support biodiversity, there are acres of lands that are untouchable from development that are present pretty much everywhere in the city, not just in the East Bottoms.

Conclusion While there are many ways to improve habitat fragmentation, which includes proper management of rivers for the diversity of animals that rely on it, there are many other ways to provide wildlife connectivity through the repurposing of existing infrastructures. While deforestation is inevitable during the current Anthropocene era, this has forced planners and conservationists to look for other ingenious ways to provide habitats using existing infrastructure that has been protected from development, unlike most open spaces in the country. Changes in regulations as well as management practices can make a huge impact in increasing biodiversity, not just in the East Bottoms, but everywhere else in the US.

VF 107

BY S H A R M A I N E Q U I L A L A

EP 109

Overview Chestnut Trafficway Electric Park Regional Connections

111 119 135 149

ELECTRIC PARK DISTRICT

Project Introduction 109

electric park district

river front park

industrial district

working landscape

E L E C T R I C PA R K OV E R V I E W

EP 111

The Electric Park District has arguably the strongest foundations in the East Bottoms due to the rich history and the current use of J. Rieger Distillery, Knuckleheads Saloon, and Electric Park's recreational field. This visioning study looks to capitalize on these existing amenities and push these ideas further.

This location also allows for the best direct access to and from the city via Guinotte Ave and Independence Ave/Chestnut Trafficway. Electric Park is phase one of the project because bringing density to the area is key and this area will be a great catalytic development that stands as a linking element from the city to the rest of the East Bottoms and the Riverfront. The design focuses on a few critical things: activating the underpass and overpass of Chestnut Trafficway, Electric Park reenvisioned, green infrastructure and stormwater collection, rail coexistence and celebration, connection to the riverfront, and a regional transit bus stop addition.

100 year floodplain 500 year floodplain

restaurants bars entertainment educational religious health grocery store gas station

recycling facility natural ammenity

missouri river

heims electric park

kessler park

floodplain local state regional

p u b l i c r i g h t - o f-w ay

amenities volume to capacity ratio: 0.8 - 1.0 < 0.7 > 1.0 0.7 - 0.8 max no. of trains per day < 15 15 - 30 > 30

rail volume

natural amenities 1 - 500 500 - 5,000 5,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 100,000

t r a ff i c v o l u m e

Being in a 100-year floodplain, this area is prone to a lot of flooding. This is partly due to the physical characteristics of the two large natural amenity parks including the Riverfront Park just to the North and Kessler Park just to the South. There is extremely heavy rail use directly East-West through the site and heavy vehicular use along Guinotte Ave and Chestnut Trafficway. Geographically sitting as a link to the riverfront, many bicyclists try to use Chestnut Trafficway as a link to the riverfront, until they find it effectively disconnected and difficult to navigate a route. That being said, this area has a lot of interest, talk of development, and cultural history unique to the site. “What was created as a ploy to draw customers to the Heim Brewing Company in 1899, the original Electric Park, which was located along Chestnut and Guinotte, became its rightfully own attraction piece [21]." Every night, roughly 100,000 lights, which gave the park its name, illuminated the many attractions that took place there. The park included many theme park-like rides and entertainment such as roller coasters, skating rinks, carousels, museums, and bowling alleys. But the biggest star of attraction was the nightly performances of electric light water shows which were hosted on a platform in a large fountain in the center of a lake. Here is where the name “Kansas City’s Coney Island” came from. Today, entertainment still continues throughout the Electric Park District through the use of the Electric Park recreational field, Knuckleheads Saloon, and J. Rieger & Co. shown below.

j. rieger & co.

EP 113

existing conditions

ke y d i l e m m a s Connecting to Riverfront Working with Water Runoff along Chestnut

Opportunity to improve connection to Electric Park Opportunity to improve neighborhood conditions Water management plan needed Rail Interruption between J. Rieger and Knuckleheads Rail interruption with a potential connection to Berkley Riverfront Park Limited connectivity & public right-of-way accessibility

Rail interruption along proposed trail

Stormwater runoff from Kessler Park, Cliff Dr. & Columbus Park

Limited connectivity and accessibility to Independence Ave

d e f i n i n g ke y i s s u e s Key issues for the area have been identified and speak to disconnections to the city and along streets, rail interruptions, stormwater runoff, neighborhood conditions, and public transportation.

potential parcels

The two largest parcels are owned by the city and available for development

EP 115

The parcels along Guinotte are a combination of existing LLCs and open parcels we believe have the potential for stormwater management

The parcel behind the gas station is a stand alone parcel that is open

Parking lot for Rieger. The parcels adjacent to the rail have little space from their setbacks

defining potential parcels Potential parcels have been defined along Guinotte Ave and Chestnut Trafficway that are undeveloped and/or would easily be available for use towards green infrastructure developments and/or public amenities.

OV E R A L L P R O P O S A L river front

electric park district

r i v e r m a r ke t

i n d e p e n d e n c e av e

design concept The overall proposal includes developing a social hub by enhancing the existing amenities currently provided and increasing the connection with the riverfront and the rest of the city.

s p e c i f i c d e s i g n a r e as

river front

chestnut trfwy electric park

EP 117

g u i n o tt e av e b u s s t o p

i n d e p e n d e n c e av e

river front

ke s s l e r p a r k

i n d e p e n d e n c e av e c h e s t n u t c o r r i d o r a xo n a n d ke y

The different design areas of the chestnut corridor defined as critical interventions include a footbridge to the Riverfront Park, Chestnut Trafficway overpass and underpass improvements, Electric Park, the Guinotte Ave bus transfer addition, and Independence Ave improvements.

c h e s t n u t t r a ff i c w ay a xo n ke y a n d d e s i g n c o n c e p t The Chestnut Trafficway design concept aims to retool existing infrastructure and make use of space currently underutilized. This includes Chestnut Trafficway trail/sidewalk improvements, rethought underpass public space and green infrastructure, stormwater redirected via Chestnut Trafficway, and a footbridge across the rails from Chestnut to Electric Park.

C H E ST N U T T R A F F I C WAY

EP 119

Independence Ave leads to Chestnut Trafficway and takes people across Kessler Park, a set of rails, J. Rieger & Co., another set of rails, and along the backside of Knuckleheads Saloon and down to Electric Park. Large adjacent industries include Yoli Totilleria and General Mills. The currently vacant and unused underpass of Chestnut Trafficway has great potential for stormwater management and creating a destination experience along the trail. This design concept speaks to be flexible and adaptable to public needs. This space can connect to future developments of J. Rieger & Co., hold open markets, display art, and stand as a service station for users on the loops system trail. The design proposal also suggest improvements to be made along the overpass of Chestnut Trafficway so that bicyclists may have safe passage to the East Bottoms and also because the simplest solution would allow for safe and continuous passage from Kessler Park to Electric Park past current rail disconnections would be to connect with the existing infrastructure already in place.

existing conditions

viewsheds

activity loading dock trash pick-up dock circulation delivery circulation trash circulation primary circulation

public

p u b l i c v s . p r i va t e

s t o r m w a t e r r u n o ff sewer inlet sewer drain sewer main

service

s e w a g e i n f r as t r u c t u r e

EP 121

outdoor patio outdoor storage back-of-house circulation/parking

spring

summer

fall

u n d e r p as s s h a d o w s t u d y The shadow study above first looked at the shadows cast during the entirety of spring, summer, fall, and winter. These shadow studies were then overlayed on top of each other to show the impact of shadows at various times of the day throughout the year.

winter

EP 123

site influences

j. rieger & co.

nor th facing section perspective

design proposal overall aerial

yoli tor tilleria

u n d e r p as s d e s i g n p r o p o s a l

EP 125

The Chestnut Trafficway underpass proposal is designed to be flexible and adapt to different public events that may occur here, whether they be connected to J. Rieger & Co. events or stand alone.

Permeable pavement patterns have patches of grass and native vegetation are introduced to soak up rainwater, clean air, and to better connect with nature. This also matches the design aesthetics already established by J, Rieger & Co. just across the street. Existing service pathways to adjacent industries are incorporated along with pedestrian and vehicular routes. The design allows for program adaptability allowing the flexibility to easily transform into different events. Three distinct spaces overlap one another including parking, the event space, and the social corridor. For the event space, three different layouts are shown to accommodate exhibition events, social events, and performance events. At the end of this corridor, pedestrians are led to a footbridge that they can take to cross rails to Electric Park.

service

adaptable program

overlapping spaces

bridge connection

yoli tor tilleria

nor th-south section

exhibition event

o p e n m a r ke t e v e n t

social event

plan manipulations Three different plan configurations have been shared above for different occasions that may happen. The exhibition event layout may be utilized for local art events or made permanent through a call for artists. The open market event layout may include career fairs, farmer's markets, or industrial worker events. The social event layout may be utilized for casual public or private events including performance events. If marathons are held along the trail loop system, this makes for a great stopping point and/or can easily accommodate food trucks as well.

EP 127

art exhibition

social corridor facing nor th to footbridge tower

cu r r e n t c o n n e c t i o n s p as t ke s s l e r p a r k a n d r a i l s

ke s s l e r p a r k , r a i l b a r r i e r s , a n d s i g n i f i c a n t i n d u s t r i e s Just past Kessler Park, there is a set of rails and major industries such as Yoli Tortilleria and General Mills. Passing J. Rieger & Co., on the other side of these industries, lies another set of rails before one reaches Electric Park and Knuckleheads Saloon.

railroad

wagon wheel mobile park

g u i n o tt e av e

railroad

.9-mile detour (10-minutes walk)

knuckleheads saloon j. rieger & co.

train idle max time : 5 minutes

The rails in this area have a strong presence and provide a special type of character to this area.

The trains are loud and frequent but also provide a sense of nostalgic fondness. Concerts at Knuckleheads and events in J Rieger & Co. will often be interrupted and requires people to momentarily stop and reflect on their environment, giving a sense of happiness as concerts and events continue.

Although, this also means there is a strong barrier between J. Rieger & Co. and Knuckleheads Saloon many times throughout the day. Currently, a 0.9mile route(10-minute walk) would be needed for a safe passage across the rails and back around to Knuckleheads.

ke s s l e r p a r k

nor th-south section

EP 129

cu r r e n t s i t u a t i o n

EP 131

o v e r p as s d e s i g n p r o p o s a l

o v e r p as s d e s i g n p r o p o s a l Chestnut Trafficway is currently the easiest way to travel from the East Bottoms to the rest of Kansas City and the residential neighborhoods to the South. The proposal here is to utilize this existing infrastructure and revitalize it for pedestrian use from the city but also locally for residents. This includes a connecting footbridge tower, vegetated screens along the already existing sidewalk, and safer trail passages from Guinotte Ave/Independence Ave. This also allows for some unique views to the rail yard and major industries and opportunities for educational wayfinding and signs about the history and significance of the East Bottoms.

o v e r p as s i n t e r s e c t i o n p r o p o s a l The image to the left is an aerial rendering showing the trail path along Chestnut Trafficway and the connections from Guinotte Ave from the West.

This then leads people on the trail to the footbridge tower down to Electric Park and through to the Riverfront Park.

r e v i t a l i z i n g o v e r p as s s i d e w a l k s The existing sidewalks on Chestnut Trafficway can feel intimidating due to the lack of separation from the streets busy traffic. The vegetated screens and hints of trail identity allow users to feel safer while using the sidewalks.

The image to the left depicts a conceptual view facing East towards the footbridge tower while passing the rails on N. Montgall Ave by foot(the most frequently used path by car) with the entrance to J. Rieger & Co. on your left and the backside of Knuckleheads Saloon to your left.

footbridge tower interior experience This image is an interior rendering from the inside of the footbridge tower. Here, trail users can see manipulations of light through metal louvers and perforated metal panels. The orange signals to users that they are on the Electric Park District trail and provides a distinct identity that juxtaposes and compliments the industrial nature that surrounds them.

EP 133

footbridge tower view from afar

e l e c t r i c p a r k a xo n ke y a n d d e s i g n c o n c e p t The Electric Park design concept focuses on using the existing amenities and enhancing their functions. This includes a public garden, an amphitheater for concerts, enhancing the playground area with the addition of water storage, and enhancing the recreational field into a more defined and playable football field.

E L E C T R I C PA R K

EP 135

Major connections via Guinotte Ave(River Market) and Chestnut Trafficway(Independence Ave) lead visitors to Electric Park itself. Once a huge attraction providing them park-like rides, electric light water shows, skating rinks, and beer from Heim Brewery, Electric Park now currently stands as a recreational field, playground, and sometimes accommodates larger performances from Knuckleheads Saloon. The proposal for this area looks to make connections to these existing uses and enhance or revitalize the area that supports these functions. Beyond that, the goal to stand as the anchor point for people coming from the city and directs them to the Riverfront Park via a footbridge tower gateway bypassing the rails. The park also looks to additional stormwater management strategies and the manipulation of folly structures to accommodate outdoor performances, playgrounds, and bus transfers.

existing electric park enter tainment events

electric park football practice

knuckleheads

live music & outdoor events

j. rieger & co.

indoor/outdoor events all ages & 21+ events distillery tours

knuckleheads saloon

[22]

EP 137

number of annual events Annually, Electric Park District sees hundreds of events through Electric Park, Knuckleheads Saloon, and J. Rieger & Co. Events in Electric Park peak in April and November with an average of 65 events.

Knuckleheads Saloon averages 45 events a month Jan-May and 20 a month Jul-Dec. J Rieger & Co. averages around 20 events every month consistently.

lowest topo for water surrounding sewer lines

2nd lowest topo for water sewer lines direct to electric park

3rd lowest topo for water

e x i s t i n g s e w e r m a i n t o w a t e r r u n o ff One of the biggest issues throughout all of the East Bottoms and the Electric Park District is its history of flooding issues. Due to age and the forces of nature, our sewer system is failing and must be updated and replaced. KC Water's Smart Sewer program is a 25-year, $4.5 billion plan to address this challenge.

The program helps protect our communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environment by reducing the amount of stormwater entering our sewer system, which will lessen the frequency of sewer overflows. Standing right at the base of Kessler Park and currently seeing a lot of standing water in the area, we believe the Electric Park District would be a great place to store or slow down runoff to help reduce the load on our sewer systems.

r u n o ff m a n a g e m e n t a n d p r o g r a m m i n g to the river front

electric park rec field

e l e c t r i c p a r k p l ay g r o u n d s

garden electric park per formance

footbridge across rails

u n d e r p as s b y r i e g e r

b u s s t o p & g u i n o tt e av e

t o i n d e p e n d e n c e av e

EP 139

electric park public space

garden

performance space

utilizing and enhancing existing uses The proposal for Electric Park stems directly from the current uses. An enhanced field is provided for all of the sporting practices and events that take place for the public as well as Kansas City Athlete Training. The playground has been enhanced to accommodate greater stormwater storage in addition to a growth in use by children. The Southern part of the site accommodates existing concerts from Knuckleheads Saloon.

p l ay g r o u n d & s t o r m w a t e r c o l l e c t i o n

recreation field

EP 141

electric park design proposal

m as t e r p l a n d e t a i l s The design concept for this area aims to develop a social hub using existing amenities. The proposal breaks down the park into three key areas: 1. ) Performance - Located towards the south end of Electric Park - The performance area is within close proximity to Knuckleheads Saloon as well as J. Rieger & Co. This space houses an amphitheater, an open lawn, and terraced seating built out from the bluff along Chestnut Trafficway. This space is fairly open, making it flexible for performances and other activities to take place here.

2. ) Recreation - Further towards the North is the recreational area of the park. Here, the inspiration came from the Kansas City Athlete Training gym.

With the amount of attraction that the place gets, we thought of expanding it on over towards the park with the setup of a football/soccer field, basketball court, and playground to accommodate the locals in the neighborhood as well as the business establishment.

3.) Garden - Lastly, the garden. With a large amount of history this park has provided, we honor that by creating a more formal garden space on the west side of Chestnut Trafficway that then leads you into Electric Park. After further research, we established that the location where we proposed the garden was in fact the original gateway into the park. By carving a tunnel under the overpass of Chestnut Trafficway, this creates a key circulation path to and from the garden to Electric Park.

p e r f o r m a n c e s p a c e & p av i l i o n f o l l y d e s i g n e x p a n d s p av i l i o n The original folly structure has been manipulated, transforming it into a pavilion for outdoor venues and other actives. This pavilion is a standalone structure with a simple orange translucent enclosure that can slide/expand across the structure for whatever function it needs to provide through a set of wheels located at the bottom of the enclosure. The structure is composed of steel V-bracing, steel columns, and concrete piers.

a d d s b a c kd r o p t o s t a g e The mobility of the enclosure is there to provide a backdrop to the different programs such as movie nights and concerts.

e x p a n d s g a t h e r i n g p l a tf o r m The enclosure provides a barrier and also can act as a screen, and provide a semi-private atmosphere. This also expands the gathering platform for performers. Beyond the folly structure and concrete platform, a large lawn space is provided for visitors.

mobile

static

metal cladding 3" air gap steel u-frame

wheel 1' x 1' concrete column

p e r f o r m a n c e f o l l y m o va b l e e n c l o s u r e c o n s t r u c t i o n d e t a i l

per formance space rendering

EP 143

metal post anchor concrete footing

t r a i l h e a d i n g t o p l ay g r o u n d a m e n i t i e s or park garden Once you go through the tunnel from the west side you'll come out to this view where you can go left for the park amenities or right to open plaza/concert venue. These various paths are provided to encourage exploration and discovery.

p l ay g r o u n d a m e n i t i e s a n d s t o r m w a t e r collection After taking a left, this is what you see. The playground area is revitalized and enhanced through some of our folly systems and a basketball court.

The water from the bridge and surface runoff from the park itself seeps through the natural topography and is stored here, allowing for an interaction with water and acting as a cooling element in the summer.

performance space

park

seating

EP 145 community event space The community event space is in direct relationship with Knuckleheads Saloon, right at the back of the building. The terraced seating can be used yearround and the paved space can be used for events.

c h e s t n u t t r a ff i c w ay

community event space

r i v e r f r o n t b r i d g e a xo n ke y a n d d e s i g n c o n c e p t The riverfront footbridge tower makes a connection from Electric Park, past the rails, to the riverbelt. Currently, the rail lines at this location may be the biggest obstacle for safe passage of pedestrians to the Missouri River. Leftover spaces are defined by these rail lines currently abandoned and not used and the design proposes a footbridge tower be put in place on this land to stand as a gateway to the Riverfront Park.

EP 147

river front bridge design proposal

footbridge section perspective rendering facing nor th

view from edge of river front under the footbridge tower facing south

g u i n o tt e av e a n d b u s t r a n s f e r a xo n ke y a n d d e s i g n c o n c e p t The bus transfer location provides better regional connections to the Electric Park District. This transfer location is placed at a very important connection of Guinotte Ave and right off of Chestnut Trafficway. Guinotte Ave is in need of green infrastructure street improvements because of current stormwater buildup along this street. The bus transfer location enforces this with a retention pond just West of the bus stop folly. The bus stop folly provides a restroom and seating for bus riders.

REGIONAL CONNECTIONS For the Electric Park and Riverfront Park to be successful, more regional connections are needed. Current routes were examined including direct connections to the River Market via Guinotte Ave and from Independence Ave via Chestnut Trafficway. From here, the ideal location for the bus transfer station was mapped. With the site being West of J. Rieger & Co., traffic circulation was defined and consist of a park and ride, folly structure, and a water detention site just west of the bus transfer folly.

EP 149

frequent bus service (12-15 min.) regular bus service (30-60 min.)

MAX service (10-30 min.) street car future street car development proposed locations of connections

bus transfer location

transit map

p e d e s t r i a n c i r cu l a t i o n

v e h i cu l a r c i r cu l a t i o n

b u s t r a n s f e r f o r m a n d c i r cu l a t i o n p r o p o s a l

t r a i l c i r cu l a t i o n

overall bus transfer design

eye level bus stop folly design

EP 151

bus transfer design proposal

T H E ST R U C T U R E O F F U N D I N G T H E E A ST B OT T O MS

BY C A L I ST R O R E Y E S Local Incentives I had the opportunity to interview Robert Long, from the Economic Development Corporation of Kansas City, about the local and state programs that could help build our case for the first phase of the East Bottoms project. During the interview I learned of the below redevelopment tools.

The first incentive described was TIF (Tax Increment Financing) this is where a developer pays all the increased property taxes resulting from a project.

The second is PIEA (Planned Industrial Expansion Authority).

This is an independent organization of the City of KC. Projects that are approved can have up to a 25-year tax abatement, which is what J. Rieger has done. When the tax abatement goes into effect, it forgives all of the existing property taxes.

Up to all of the property taxes can be abated for a maximum of 10 years, after that it is 50% for the rest of the 15 years. This method is the typical and most used method as it has the highest return on investment for developers.

The last of the local programs is LCRA (Land Clearance for Redevelopment Authority). It is also an independent agent of the city of KC. It is similar to PIEA as it grants urban renewal areas up to 10 years of property tax abatement to stimulate private investment, making the projects more affordable.

When LCRA goes into effect it forgives the increased prop-

erty taxes encouraging development in the area. It also allows surrounding properties to continue to receive their current property taxes. This would be the most successful for the current housing around Electric Park. It would benefit both new developers and current homeowners.

It is also less expensive than PIEA. The only exception is mobile homes since they count as personal property.

Electric Park District Current Situation As we started exploring ways into how we can turn around this district and restore it back to its old self as a social and entertainment hub, we started looking into local businesses that had similar ideas in mind. Back in April of 2019, the founder of J. Rieger & Co., Andy Rieger, filed a request for a Community Improvement District or CID. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Electric Park CID would allow some money from a district sale and use tax to be used for things like marketing, public safety, maintenance and repairs, landscaping, and cleaning... If approved, the Electric Park CID would be made up of 3.6 acres of land owned by J. Rieger & Co. The sales and use tax for the CID would not exceed 1%. It will have to be approved by Kansas Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s City Council [23]." Other businesses in the area were also in favor of the CID. One of the newest businesses that

D E V E LO P M E N T ST R AT E G I E S & O P P O RT U N I T I E S W I T H I N E L E C T R I C PA R K D I ST R I C T opened up back in January of 2019 called Kansas City Athlete Training (which plays a large role in the use of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Electric Park) was in favor of this approach. The nonprofit gym opened in January and since then, more than 300 kids from 50 districts in the metro have attended classes. The use of Electric Park has been a huge impact on supporting its business.

Potential Proof of Concept A diverse group of design professionals provided their guidance and expertise during multiple studio reviews throughout the fall 2019 semester, which led to the urban design proposals of the Electric Park District. For feasability studies, we further looked into how these proposals would be funded. To research this, we studied precedents similar to the East Bottoms project including the Atlanta Belt-Line and the New York High-Line.

Based on this research, we believe phase one of the East Bottoms Vision study would be the catalytic development of Electric Park District. Due to the funding surprises read about in our Atlanta Beltline research [24, 25] - The first step would be developing a project team and advisory group to provide guidance on the project.

The second step would follow a similar approach as the Atlanta BeltLine in their approach in creating special opportunity districts. Currently, the Electric Park District is a PIEA but this can be changed. Adding something like a transportation development district and larger CID would kickstart investment interest. Currently, the interest in the area is there and the arrival of J. Rieger & Co. adds a new anchor to the area. The majority of land acquisition would take place during this phase of the project, which would also include fundraising efforts.

Over time, the creation of catalytic development would build momentum and continue encouraging investment. Some later phases of the East Bottoms project would overlap each other to keep the interest high while in construction. This vision of Kansas Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trail system integrated with green infrastructure will help bring people back to the East Bottoms. It can help the city rethink ways to integrate the public realm with industry and would set a precedent for other midwestern cities.

EP 153

BY J A S O N I N G R A M

RP 155

Riverfront Park Overview Chestnut Access Point Constructed Edge Promenade Wetlands Amphitheater

157 173 177 181 187

RIVERFRONT PARK

river front park

electric park district

industrial district

working landscape

R I V E R F R O N T PA R K OV E R V I E W

RP 157

The Riverfront Park is a destination point in Kansas City that has been overlooked for many years despite the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historical and geographical connections with the rivers. Located between the levee and the Missouri River in the East Bottoms, the Riverfront Park is an attempt to rethink park as a resilient infrastructure designed not only to build resiliency and sustainable adaptation in the East Bottoms (and in turn, in Kansas City) but rebuild the city's connection back to the Missouri River. Both engaging and resilient, the Riverfront Park adapts to the changes of the river conditions, alleviates the threat of flooding, and allow for public access and coexistence with the river in all of its incarnations.

river front park connecting to the city

I-435

NE

Chestnut Trafficway

y wa

I-169

ffic Tra au ute Cho

Independence Avenue

Prospect Avenue

E 27th Street

r i v e r f r o n t p a r k c o n n e c t i n g t o k a n s as c i t y ' s p a r k s a n d b o u l e va r d s On a larger and geographic urban scale, the Riverfront Park is conceived as an addition to the Kessler Park System and inclusion of the major riverfront area into the totality of the urban order of the city. On an urban scale, the Riverfront Park creates an axial connection between Independence Avenue and Electric Park or Chestnut Trafficway, integrating into a set of cohesive destination points acting as a terminus.

reclaiming the river front NE C y icwa Traff eau hout

Mis so

uri Riv er

nor thern view from existing boat ramp

c a n a l leadin g t o missou ri ri ver

East Bottoms

tte Ave

RP 159

Chestnut Trafficway

Guino

Kessler Park

Northeast Kansas City

l e v e e r d a n d c a n a l o u tf a l l

Columbus Park

Downtown Kansas City trash on riprap in river front

v i e w o f ri ve r f r o n t un der c hou t eau t raff icway

r e s o l v i n g c o n n e c t i o n s t o t h e r i v e r f r o n t - Despite the Riverfront Park's proximity to major areas of the city, the park remains uninhabited because of limited accessibility caused by unsafe sidewalks, daunting heavy traffic, and busy railroad lines.

The Riverfront Park needs a safe and continuous public realm that connects to Independence Avenue through Chestnut Trafficway, and River Market, Downtown Kansas City and the West Bottoms through Guinotte Avenue.

phasing

p h as e o n e During the first phase of the project, the Riverfront Park is connected to the Kessler Parks and Boulevards System and the existing urban core. Its eastern part is developed into a habitable resilient urban park, while its northern part requires remediation to resolve existing contamination. Private ownership on its western side restricts intervention in that part of the riverbelt.

p h as e t w o The second phase of the project calls for further remediation and limited intervention along the riverbelt that mainly focuses on ecological restoration. This part of the trail connects users to the east side of the East Bottoms where they are welcomed by an ecological and industrial tour of the Working Landscape.

RP 161 m as t e r p l a n

s

riverbelt conditions analysis f l o o d e d a n d i n a c c e s s i b l e b r o w n f i e l d s - Soil and hydrology analyses of the Riverfront pointed to a diversity of conditions present in the riverbelt. With the levee separating the riverbelt from the rest of East Bottoms, the area deals with the everchanging hydrological conditions of the Missouri River. The presence of outfalls have caused soil erosion on some parts of the riverbelt. And its northern part is currently contaminated and needing treatment and remediation.

Condition 1 BrownFields, Dry & Wet, Levee-front

Condition 2 Wetland, Heavy tree cover, Levee - back

Condition 3

Brownfield. mostly wet, Heavy Tree Cover, Levee - back

Condition 4

Brownfield, Wetland, Heavy tree cover, Levee - back

legends

Condition 5

Brownfield, Mostly dry, Patial Tree cover, Levee - back

streets canal

streams levee

Condition 6

Mostly dry, Patial Tree cover, Levee - back

bridges trails

Condition 7

Brownfield, Mostly wet, Heavy Tree cover, on opposite side of levee

Condition 8

Brownfield, Mostly dry, Patial Tree cover, on opposite side of levee

Treated Brownfields Inaccessible Property Backflow Green space Streets Canal Streams Levee Bridges Trails

RP 163

treated brownfields

inaccessible property backflow

green space

hydrology

Analysis Area 2

Analysis Area 1

Flow speed Scour Area

Flow speed

flow speed Scour Area

A

Rock Riprap

scour area Deposition rock riprap deposition

Analysis Area 1 Flow speed

analysis area A

Scour Area Rock Riprap Deposition

analysis area B B

topography and hydrology of the Missouri River a r e a A - Smaller areas of moderate scour scattered throughout the reach. The frequency distribution of bed elevations was of a similar shape but narrower in 2015 than in 2011. The scour hole near the main channel pylon in 2015 was similar size and shape to that in 2011, albeit shallower on the outer side edges. Area is 1,640 ft x 805 ft, flow of 97,100 ftÂł/s. Local minimum channel bed of 681 ft. a r e a B - Numerous medium dune features were observed inn the channel thalweg, and numerous medium to small dunes and ripples were present throughout the rest of the channel, decreasing in size towards the right (south) bank.

Area is 1,640 ft x 970 ft, flow of 103,000 ftÂł/s. Local minimum channel bed of 693 ft.

East Bottom: 1896-2019 Hydrology

1 81896 96

1910

1910

1922

1922

1970

1970

1994

1994

2019

2 0 1 9 Old River

East Bottom: 1896-2019 RailRoad Development

Land River Bank Watershed

i n d u s t r i a l f l o o d p l a i n - The conditions of the rivers have historically driven the development of the riverfront and the East East Bottom: 1896-2019 Road Development Bottoms, and vice versa. Land was reclaimed as the city expanded further into the domain of the Missouri River, resulting in even worse flooding conditions. Consistent intense flooding in the watershed has driven residents away from the East Bottoms, leaving the area abandoned and open for rail and industry development. This has resulted to an uninhabitable and contaminated wasteland, with an underutilized Riverfront Park that is completely disconnected from the rest of Kansas City.

1970

1910

1910

2019

Increased Rail

1970

1896

1994

1922

1994

2019

River Land Green Belt

River

Disappear Road 2019 River Increased Road Main Road Secondary Main Road

1922

RP 165

1896

regulatory floodplain

resilient landscape h o r i zo n t a l l e v e e - Designed to adapt to the ever-changing water levels and protect the East Bottoms and its existing vertical levee, the Riverfront Park is a horizontal levee that acts as a natural buffer by using vegetation on sloped landscapes to absorb impact from flooding and intense water surge. It uses marsh wetlands to break waves and to control the flow of water and its direction. Providing multiple benefits, the Riverfront Park uses natural systems to protect, treat wastewater, remediate soil and water contamination, and provide important ecosystems for diverse species.

Islands create off streams breaking up the river current and moving water through remediation wetlands and vegetation.

Water filters are implemented in the wetland landscape to aid in water remediation.

A constructed edge is used to protect the river edge and levee from soil erosion and flood risk. It also deflects the fast current upstream away from the site to limit debris, silt and erosion.

Pier used to catch debris that missed the first service catchment.

Pier used to catch large debris before approaching the site.

The interceptor collects small debris, reducing water pollution.

design strategies

15’ flood waters

level 2

19’ flood waters

level 3

24’ flood waters

RP 167

level 1

programming

journey through the river front

RP 169

l e a r n i n g t h r o u g h e x p e r i e n c e - Throughout the park, different programs involving interactive activities are connected and discovered through the experience of walking the Riverfront Park trail. Designed to be tightly integrated into the natural systems, multiple wildlife habitats are formed from the diverse ecosystems throughout the Riverfront Park, allowing trail users to have a fun and engaging educational and environmental tour.

The Riverfront Park allows the community to gather, host events, and engage the surrounding school districts by providing programs that serve the river, celebrates how the river serves the site, and showcases how habitats are created based on different ecological conditions.

discover y points

“Unfortunately, it has taken a series of water-related disasters to make people see that status quo engineering standards — the pipes, walls and levees — may not be the only or best way for handling water, whether it be too much or too little.

Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, the floods in the Midwest and droughts across the southern half of the country have each shown the need for innovative ways to manage water. Cities are looking toward green infrastructure as a means to not only better deal with stormwater, but to also mitigate flooding, increase biological diversity, and provide cleaner water and air.”

—Mark Hough “Urbanism and the Landscape Architect ” (2013)

p r o p o s e d d e s i g n a r e as The Riverfront Park design comprises of a primary trail loop, secondary loops, and tertiary smaller pathways within each area. Through critical analysis, site formation and schematic design charrettes, important key areas are called out as primary points of program for the site. Viewshed, curiosity, experience and the variety in tree canopy and habitats created on the site result to a dynamic journey through the Riverfront Park, enriched with educational and recreational experiences. Carefully considered layouts allow for the users to have a new experience each time they visit the Riverfront Park.

RP 171

primary trail

secondar y trails

ter tiar y paths

m as t e r p l a n a n d ke y a r e as

C H E ST N U T AC C E S S P O I N T

RP 173

c o n n e c t i n g t o r i v e r f r o n t p a r k t h r o u g h c h e s t n u t t r a ff i c w ay - Despite Electric Parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proximity to the Riverfront Park, the presence of rails that operate over capacity adjacent to E Front St and Chestnut Trafficway cause a barrier between the Riverfront Park and the Electric Park everyday. The goal is to provide a continuous public realm connecting the Riverfront Park to the Electric Park via Chouteau Trafficway that is safe and separated from the vehicular and rail traffic, while elevating the identity of East Bottoms, Electric Park, and Riverfront Park.

connection diagram

l o c a l i ze d p l a n o f c h e s t n u t a c c e s s p o i n t

chestnut - river front bridge

c h e s t n u t - r i v e r f r o n t b r i d g e w i t h v i e w o f ke s s l e r p a r k a n d d o w n t o w n k a n s as c i t y design formation process By rotating the folly, circulation is allowed to run parallel to the busy E Front St traffic and levee (1). This rotation directs the access of circulation to the access point at the top of the levee (2). The connection is completed with viewsheds to the riverfront canal, and reflects back on the East Bottoms as one transitions down the circulation tower (3).

1

2

3

c a n a l as p u b l i c s p a c e

RP 175

i n t e g r a t i n g c a n a l o u tf a l l d e s i g n w i t h t h e t r a i l Tree canopy creates a direct viewshed to the river edge from the Chestnut-Riverfront bridge, pulling trail users through the space. This leads to the outfall canal that is designed to remediate and clean wastewater coming from the combined sewer outfall.

constructed edge promenade facing nor th with view of the chouteau bridge

trail on constructed edge promenade facing east with view of marsh wetlands

C O N ST R U C T E D E D G E P R O M E N A D E

RP 177

p r o t e c t i n g t h e r i v e r e d g e - Due to the heavy current of the Missouri River brushing away soil in most parts of the river edge, a constructed edge is designed to protect the base of the park. The Constructed Edge Promenade is designed to catch large and small debris, and to deflect the current across the river and upstream away from the site. With ease of maintenance as an important factor in the design, the Constructed Edge Promenade serves as filter and protection for the Riverfront Park.

l o c a l i ze d p l a n o f c o n s t r u c t e d e d g e p r o m e n a d e

f o l l i e s f r a m i n g t h e v i e w s - Aside from providing service amenities, the follies in the Riverfront Park are distributed and positioned to frame views and direct trail users. By taking advantage of viewsheds, the Riverfront Park connects trail users to the river and the city through an orchestrated experience that engages them with the Missouri River and views from within.

i s l a n d s a n d t h e i r f u n c t i o n s - A series of islands form to break up the water current allowing it to flow through the site. While these provide ecological benefits for the Riverfront Park and Missouri River by acting as a filtration device catching silt and debris, they serve to strengthen the trail journey's connection with the river. The difference in materiality of the islands is based off of each island's purpose. The Constructed Edge Promenade acts as a shield against strong currents, while marsh wetlands act like a sponge and increase the Riverfront Park's water holding capacity.

RP 179

hydrology control

footbridge wrapping around recreational wetlands

" Wetlands are the primary habitat of 200 plant and animal species considered rare or endangered in Missouri. Millions of ducks and shorebirds that migrate through the state each year depend on wetlands for food and shelter. Missouri's 43 species of amphibians depend on wetlands for breeding and larval development [26]."

f o o t b r i d g e b r i n g i n g t r a i l u s e r s a l o n g d i ff e r e n t l e v e l s o f w a t e r

WETL ANDS

RP 181

Being outside the levee, the Riverfront Park constantly deals with the everchanging water conditions of the Missouri River. Soil analysis and ecological conditions point to most of the riverbelt being a wetland, critical for the health of the river and able to support productive ecosystems. Phytoremediation techniques throughout the Riverfront Park are needed to treat wastewater and contaminated sites that may be harmful for the health of people, land, and waters. The use of phytoremediation techniques in the wetlands of the Riverfont Park present opportunities to engage trail users with natural systems that provide important habitats for different species ranging from pollinators to fish. Providing multiple benefits to both people and animals, the wetlands are designed to be integrated with the experience of the public realm.

l o c a l i ze d p l a n o f r e c r e a t i o n a l w e t l a n d s

e x p e r i e n c e o f n a t u r a l sy s t e m s p r o t e c t i n g f r a g i l e e c o sy s t e m - Restoring ecosystems while allowing human activities is possible in the Riverfront Park by elevating the public realm and physically separating it from the fragile landscape. While the landscape works to remediate overtime, connected footbridges separate trail users from the working landscape, providing a continuous, safe and still engaging experience of the natural systems in the Riverfront Park.

levee trail leading to recreational wetlands

d i ff e r e n t e l e va t i o n s , d i ff e r e n t p u r p o s e - The experience of the areas that are elevated higher while surrounded by dense forest are very different from the recreational wetlands where terraced vegetations on slope serve to remediate and increase the riverbelt's water holding capacity. Different elevations in the Riverfront Park serve different purposes, but collectively contribute in building resiliency for the urban waterfront park.

transition from levee trail to recreational wetlands

d i v e r s i t y i n e nv i r o n m e n t - Dry, semi-wet, and wet conditions require different types of plantings that accommodate different species. The footbridges that cross above different environments result in a variety of experiences on the same trail.

section of footbridge over recreational wetlands

RP 183

footbridges over recreational wetlands

phy toremediation r e m e d i a t i n g w e t l a n d s - Because of the presence of brownfields, remediation techniques are needed in the northern part of the Riverfront Park. Phytoremediation is natural processes designed to remediate a contaminated site. The process takes years of careful planning. In order to provide a continuous public realm over the remediating wetlands, footbridges are used to provide connecting paths connecting the wetlands, enabling the land to heal while still allowing human activity.

f o o t b r i d g e s c o n n e c t i n g d i ff e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e r e m e d i a t i n g w e t l a n d s

s e c t i o n o f w e t l a n d s w i t h va r y i n g w a t e r l e v e l c o n d i t i o n s

footbridges over remediating wetland

RP 185

f o o t b r i d g e s w i t h d i ff e r e n t h e i g h t e l e va t i o n s

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Working with nature - instead of in opposition of it - helps communities become more resilient and come back stronger after disruptive natural events. Long-term resilience is about continuously bouncing back and regenerating. It is about learning how to cope with the ever-changing 'new normal'." - Resilient Design, ASLA

western approach to amphitheater

amphitheater surrounded by marsh wetland

A M P H I T H E AT E R

RP 187

e v e r c h a n g i n g p u b l i c s p a c e - While most of the Riverfront Park adapts to the everchanging water levels, the Amphitheater is a program of the Riverfront Park that is conceived out of creating an experience out of the everchanging landscape.

Early in the study of the hydrology of the rivers, it was found that when water is removed out of one area, it ends up somewhere else in lower lying parts of the river. The Amphitheater is designed to be flooded, resulting to an adaptable everchanging space. Creating more room for the water slows down the channel, reduces the risk of flooding over time, and creates an adaptable public space that serves the community, wildlife, and river habitats.

l o c a l i ze d p l a n o f a m p h i t h e a t e r

ecological sponge r e m e d i a t i n g l a n d s c a p e - A landscape that absorbs impact, treats water and remediates pollution, the Amphitheater is a new paradigm of how public realm can be integrated with naturally flooded areas.

While some areas are designed to hold water, others adapt, and others have water move through the site resulting in various outcomes that work as a unified whole in increasing water holding capacity and employing sustainable adaptation.

t e r r a c e d a m p h i t h e a t e r e n c l o s e d b y m a r s h w e t l a n d s - Sloping in the landscape allow for better structural integrity and increased water holding capacity during intense storm surge. Tree canopy is preserved and used as protection from the sun and harsh winds. This creates garden spaces for the public to occupy and use for events, with the Kansas City as backdrop.

section of amphitheater

RP 189

s o u t h e r n v i e w o f d o w n t o w n k a n s as c i t y f r o m e x i s t i n g b o a t r a m p

a m p h i t h e a t e r o v e r l o o k i n g d o w n t o w n k a n s as c i t y

riverbelt as habitats swamp darter

great blue herons

egrets

sparrows

squirrel

green treefrog

blue catfish

water locust

channel

bald cypress

blachards cricket frog

folers toads

freshwater drum flathead catfish

water canna

wildflowers

water tupelo

water violet

cowbane

golden ragwort

swamp rose

grass of parnassus

canal section

great blue herons

egrets

sparrows

squirrel

muskrat

beaver

raccoon crayfish

blue catfish

duckweed

wetland section

cattails

flathead catfish

quilwort

shovelnose sturgeon

turtle

water snake

freshwater drum

naiad

water lilies

sycamore

cottonwood

belted kingfisher bird

prairie dog

moles

blachards cricket frog freshwater drum

flathead catfish

sycamore

freshwater drum

willows

blue catfish

river otters

oppossum

cardinal flower

mistflower

fowlers toads

shovelnose sturgeon

witch hazel

blue beech

blue lobelia

belted kingfisher bird

great blue herons

egrets

sparrows

squirrel

chipmunk

freshwater drum

riffels

flathead catfish freshwater drum

gravel bars

raccoon

skunk

prairie dog

blue catfish shovelnose sturgeon

sedges

cattails

sycamore

willows

white hazel

blue beech

amphitheater section

RP 191

riparian area section

W H AT C A N T H E S E S I T E S D O T H AT OT H E R S I T E S C A N ' T ?

BY S H A R M A I N E Q U I L A L A â&#x20AC;&#x153;Around 1 million animal and plant species are now threatened with ex tinction, many within decades, more than ever before in human history [27 ].â&#x20AC;?

Wildlife and the Rivers According to the Missouri Department of Conservation, the quality of water in the Blue River is good in the upstream but deteriorates as it passes through the industrial area of the East Bottoms. Because of the presence of a sewer treatment plant by the mouth of the Blue River, right before it joins the Missouri River, degradation of the water quality has been a chronic problem that has resulted in fish dying from lower oxygen levels in the water and common chemical spills.

The presence of another large sewage treatment plant along with other industries has resulted in the Blue River sometimes being grossly unable to accommodate fish and many other aquatic species.

While the quality of the Blue River affects the aquatic fauna residing in the river, the Missouri River also supports a diversity of wildlife â&#x20AC;&#x201C; on air and in water.

Shorebirds, such as Least Tern and Piping Plover depend on the Big Muddy for nesting habitats. With the East Bottoms

having had been industrialized for a long time, this has resulted in a reduction in habitats and disruption of critical ecosystems. Bald Eagles have also been known to nest in trees above the Missouri River, and there are over 150 active nests in Missouri River running along Missouri.

Freshwater mussels, with 65 species that are all extremely sensitive to water quality, used to be found in the bottoms of the Missouri River. This has declined significantly, and it is no surprise that they do not thrive by the East Bottoms. Fish, such as paddlefish and sturgeon, are fish populations that are native to the Missouri River but has also declined in the past years because of habitat loss and degraded water quality. Channelization of the river for flood control and barge traffic are also found to have resulted in habitat loss.

To make East Bottoms a safe and habitable place for the public, an efficient green infrastructure system is required all over the industrial area. This not only aids in flooding control in East Bottoms, but also protects the health of the human users on the site. But can this also benefit and promote biodiversity? How can we rethink infrastructures and use them to aid in habitat fragmentation?

Considered as some of the most productive and richest ecosystems in the world, wetlands are a critical part of the watershed that host an immense amount of wildlife.

Different plants, shallow waters, and nutrient-rich hydric soils result in an environment that produces organisms that serve as food for fish, amphibians, shellfish, and insects. These species in turn become food for bigger predatory animals like larger fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals, making wetlands an important part of many food webs hosting complex and dynamic relationships between many different species.

With many of these species being a part of global cycles of water, nitrogen, and sulfur, wetlands also play an important role in atmospheric maintenance, aiding in sustainable adaptation against climate change.

Wetlands act as a natural water purifier by improving water quality and absorbing pollutants. This benefits not only the city and the rivers but also the groundwater quality.

With global warming comes more severe and more rampant storms, making wetlands even more important in building resiliency. Wetlands are proven to protect against floods by absorbing energy and increasing water

holding capacity, which not only benefits the immediate area but also the lower-lying lands that are affected downstream.

Wetlands also prevent soil erosion by stabilizing streambanks overtime using vegetation.

All these benefits and yet 93% of the original wetlands in Missouri are now lost and mostly transformed into agricultural land.

At this rate, critical interventions are needed in order to restore important wetlands and conserve the remaining ones.

Responsible land use and development is critical in the planning of our cities in order to protect not only its future but the many other species that depend on the same interconnected systems that we share on this planet.

â&#x20AC;&#x153; The problems of the world cannot possibly be solved by skeptics or cynics whose horizons are limited by the obvious realities.

We need people who can dream of things that never were [28]."

RP 193

Importance of wetlands