Issue 08
different kinds of leaders
The Spiritual Leader Mohandas Gandhi Idealist Counselor INFJ
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Letter from Keirsey Dear Friend, Welcome to this issue of the Keirsey Magazine. Every issue has been designed with thoughtful intention, integrating thought leadership with art to help you engage in learning about you. Our team gathers daily to brainstorm and discuss new ideas on how to conintually evolve our magazine. And we have been collaborating with illustrators, artists, designers, and writers from all over the world to make this magazine possible. We thank you for the countless numbers of you that have provided feedback on how the integration of concepts with artistic expression has been an engaging and exciting way to learn. This month, we are featuring Mohandas Gandhi, an Idealist Counselor INFJ. We refer to his type as the Spiritual Leader. Gandhi is recognized as a symobl of peace; and historians have often portrayed him as meek, humble, and passive. Most fail to realize, however, that his temperament nature was that of a contentious spirit. We portray Gandhi not as a passive, accomodating individual, but as a leader who had a fierce resolve, who waged a spiritual battle, rather than a physical one, who stubbornly stood his ground, and refused to give in, no matter what. All the Best,
Lisa J. Choi Creative Director The Keirsey Group
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Table of Contentss Dating & Relationships
Why It’s Complicated for Idealists to Date
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Dating can be complicated for Idealists because they often find themselves disappointed with how reality does not match up with ideality.
Portrait of a Leader & Leadership Lessons
Mohandas Gandhi
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The Spiritual Leader Idealist Counselor INFJ
His outer frail appearance was the opposite of his inner obstinate nature. Inwardly there was a fierce resolve to hold onto his convictions.
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Life Journey
Mohandas Gandhi “My life is my message.” -Gandhi
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
Are You a Sage?
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A Sage has the unusual ability to offer wisdom that is usually inaccessible from anywhere else.
Collection of Leaders
The Spiritual Leader
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Spiritual Leaders live by their truths, and offer their wisdom to the world.
Finance
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What Kind of Philanthropist Are You?
Imagine if you had so much money, that you could write a check in any amount, for any cause you wished to donate to.
Spirituality
Spiritual Disciplines
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Depending on one’s temperament, one engages spiritually in a specific kind of way.
Artist Credit
Olga Dynkina
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Portraits of Mohandas Gandhi
Keirsey
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YO U THE YO U SEE
MUST
C HA N G E WISH IN
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TO
THE
WORLD.
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BE
Dating & Relationships
WHY IT’S Complicated FOR
IDEALISTS TO DATE
Idealists love to be in love. They yearn to find their soulmate, the perfect one that’s meant for them. They believe in signs, destiny, romance, and true love. They love to love others, so they love to date. With each new relationship, there is the possibility that this might be the one. But, dating can be complicated for Idealists because they often find themselves disappointed with how reality does not match up with ideality. If they meet the one, they are elated until they find that the one isn’t the one anymore. They hope to feel a certain
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way when they meet the one, and when they do, they fall in love. This can be the start of growth as two become one, or it can also be short lived if they fall in love with who they imagined they’d meet rather than the person they’ve actually met. Idealists can overcome this, however, if they recognize that true love is not about finding that perfect someone, but rather, it is a journey of becoming soulmates together as they turn ideality into reality everyday.
Dating & Relationships
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Dating & Relationships
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Dating & Relationships
ARTISANS & IDEALISTS The Idealist falls in love with the Artisan because they feel that they have finally met that person who is fully engaged with them. The Artisan lives in the here and now, so to the Idealist, the ever present Artisan can be intoxicating. They feel a kind of connection that touches the soul. The Idealist feels romanced and swept away. What often happens though is that they can misinterpret the Artisan’s presence as a deep soulful connection. Artisans are fully present because they love to play to the max. They play hard, because this
is how maximum pleasure is accessed. Rather than engaging the soul, they are engaging the moment. The Artisan’s way of love is to be a playmate—to be drunk in the now. The Idealist’s way of love is to be a soulmate—to know and be known, and to be joined forever, to become one—in heart, soul, mind, spirit, and body. This scares the sh*% out of an Artisan if they’re not ready. Artisans see finding the one as finally settling down after they’re exhausted from all their playing. Idealists see finding the one as their lifelong dream.
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Dating & Relationships
GUARDIANS & IDEALISTS The Idealist falls in love with the Guardian because they feel that they have finally met that person who provides safety for them. The Guardian strives to be honorable in all their ways, and this is something that Idealists find attractive. They feel that they have met someone who has all the essentials balanced—family, friends, fitness, and finances. What often happens though is that they misinterpret the Guardian’s stable life as the ideal that they themselves have yearned for. Guardians have things in order because they are utterly responsible and fear an unknown future. The Guardian’s way of 11
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love is to be each other’s helpmate—to find a partner to practically share the load. The Idealist lives for romance, to find their soulmate that is magically meant for them by the universe. The Guardian is looking for someone that they can go step-by-step with to the next stage of life. Though Guardians can be romantic, it’s the kind of romance that involves courtliness, and preparation with practical things like dinner reservations. But, the Idealist is longing for fairy tales, poetry, discussions on the meaning of life, tears and tragedy.
Dating & Relationships
Dating & Relationships
IDEALISTS & IDEALISTS 13
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Dating & Relationships
The Idealist falls in love with a fellow Idealist because they feel that they have finally met that person who they can discourse with heart to heart. When Idealists get together, it can often feel euphoric for quite some time because of a mutual longing that is seen and understood. Two Idealists can feel as though they are building sand castles in the sky together. What often happens though is that they can be in love with an idealized version of their romantic partner rather than the real person. They can see someone they’ve always imagined rather than the real person
with all of their warts and flaws. Often Idealists will keep the bad and the ugly hidden from each other for as long as possible because they want to only reveal their most ideal selves. The Idealist’s mutual desire to be each other’s soulmate can only be fulfilled if the real person is embraced. To be truly authentic means to really see the other, and to be totally vulnerable. Partial authenticity is not authenticity. It is only when both of them can be naked together and unashamed, that there souls can be intertwined. Keirsey
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Dating & Relationships
The Idealist falls in love with the Rational because they feel that they have finally met that person who understands them. The Rational is abstract like the Idealist, and additionally, they are highly analytical. The Idealist finds that the Rational is able to put into words how an Idealist feels, so they feel a kind of connection that makes them feel known. What often happens though is that they misinterpret the Rational’s ability to analyze them as deep, warm, soulful engagement, when it is actually a cooler objective analysis, where they are making a diagnosis, 15
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rather than sympathizing with a vulnerable expression and appeal for touch. Rationals are able to identify an Idealist’s feelings because they are good at organizing them. Rather than engaging the soul, they are making calculations. The Rational’s way of love is to be a mindmate—to articulate, debate, collaborate, and theorize together. The Idealist’s way of love is to be a soulmate—longing for heartfelt, (often emotional) exchanges. Rationals can often have a harder time engaging in this manner over the long-haul.
Dating & Relationships
RATIONALS & IDEALISTS Keirsey
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STRENGTH DOES NOT COME F R O M P H Y S I C A L C A PA C I T Y . IT C O M E S F RO M A N I N D O M I TA B L E W I L L .
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Portrait of a Leader
P O RT R A IT O F A L E A D E R
Mohandas Gandhi The Spiritual Leader Idealist Counselor INFJ By Edward Kim and David Keirsey
It would be very easy to make the assumption that Spiritual Leaders are passive, tender, and gentle. These leaders are often known for their meekness and humility—and therefore, opponents often underestimate them as being weak or feeble. This assumption would be a gross error in judgment and plays to the advantage of achieving the Spiritual Leader’s quest. Such was the case for Gandhi. His outer frail appearance was the opposite of his inner obstinate nature. Inwardly there was a fierce resolve to hold onto his convictions, and to pursue his intentions with tenacity. Gandhi would prevail in his quest because he was willing to stay the course until his opponents would be forced to acknowledge the “rightness” of his contentions. He demonstrated a courageous spirit with a moral authority that inspired the millions who loved him. He led by casting a vision for a spiritual battle rather than a mere physical one. Gandhi showed patient persistence, where the path to peace was met with victory.
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Portrait of a Leader
Portrait of a Leader
Leadership lessons from Gandhi
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Spiritual Leaders have deep convictions that flow from a commitment to spiritual growth. The aim of Gandhi’s life was summed up in his own words, “What I want to achieve—what I have been striving and pining to achieve these thirty years— is self-realization, to see god face to face... I live and move and have my being in pursuit of this goal.” Every word, whether silent or spoken, every decision, and every action transpired from his utter commitment to spiritual growth. The trajectory of his life was aimed toward the service of humanity, in hopes that such service would lead to the achievement of his vision. He stated
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in his autobiography, “If I found myself entirely absorbed in the service of the community, the reason behind it was my desire for self-realization…” His was a life on a quest for, “the Absolute Truth, the Eternal Principle, that is God…” There was no price he would not pay to reach his goal, he further stated, “I have not yet found Him, but I am seeking after Him. I am prepared to sacrifice the things dearest to me in pursuit of this quest. Even if the sacrifice demanded be my very life, I hope I may be prepared to give it.”
Portrait of a Leader
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Spiritual Leaders reach out to their opponents by peaceful contention. The British were unprepared for the “peaceful contention” of Gandhi as they were used to winning by brutal force, where they prevailed by “strength and might.” The approach taken by Gandhi was other worldly—one that was foreign and alien to all that the British Empire knew. His quest was to win by the force of truth and love, rather than to triumph by injuring the opposition with violent atrocity. During his leadership, at any moment he had enough influence that he could have called upon millions
of Indians who followed, to create an uproar against the tyranny, but this was not his way. Rather, his ardent insistence to those who governed was to confront, by making an appeal to the conscience. Gandhi upheld the value and dignity of all human life—including those who stood vehemently against him with hatred. He felt that all humanity “are children of one and the same Creator…” and that to attack the authors of oppressive systems would be equivalent to attacking oneself, and to bring harm to the whole world.
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Portrait of a Leader
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Spiritual Leaders see the best in others even amidst flaws and deficiencies. During Gandhi’s time, all Indians were looked upon as flawed and deficient, and even among those of Indian decent, a caste system was in place to honor only those of the upper privileged caste. The people were divided by religious strife, socio-economic levels, educational status, and genealogy—and forging unity amidst such dissension was unfathomable to all. However, Gandhi believed in the best of his people, amidst whatever shortcomings there were. He had this perspective because he understood that amidst weaknesses, strength could be found. For Gandhi, his shyness was his deficiency, but he was able to turn it into his strength. He said, “My shyness has
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been in reality my shield and buckler. It has allowed me to grow. It has helped me in my discernment of truth.” His shyness facilitated him to turn inward, which helped him to develop an inner-strength, and a fierce inner-resolve. His personal transformation allowed him to see the potential for a spiritual transformation for his people—to no longer accept as truth that they were somehow “less than” because others had defined them this way. By going to the deeper recesses of his soul, he learned to see through a different set of eyes—to discern the truth of his identity, the identity of others, and the identity for India.
Anatomy of an Empath
Portrait of a Leader
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Spiritual Leaders express their insights through quiet strength and symbolic action. Gandhi led by contributing his insights quietly and symbolically. He made statements through symbols, which communicated underlying principles and truths. Whether it be actions or objects used to convey a message, Gandhi communicated to his people and his oppressors through a myriad of powerful symbols: the act of fasting; making salt; a spinning wheel; choosing celibacy; shedding his upper garments; walking barefoot. These were statements with underlying meanings, remembered even decades after they were first used.
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If each of these symbols were explored, we would find a depth and richness, which would communicate volumes. For our purposes here, let us take a look at the symbolic action known as the “Salt March.” In 1882, the British wrote into law, the “Salt Act”—which gave the British a monopoly on the collection and production of salt. This allowed the government to be the sole provider of salt, and to collect for distribution of salt, and to also levy a tax on the salt— it represented 8.2% of the British tax revenue.
Portrait of a Leader
The Indians were forced to purchase salt, even though salt was freely available on the coast (by evaporation of sea water). Salt was used by nearly everyone in India, and the Salt Act significantly hurt the poorest Indians the most. Violation of the Salt Act was a criminal offense. In an act of civil disobedience, Gandhi started to march to the sea. This symbolic action became known as the “Salt March.” With a small handful of followers, their march symbolized their journey towards independence. As the courageous few marched, others joined. By the time Gandhi reached the water’s edge, a group of more than 60,000 followers stood with him. What started out as a mere symbolic action turned into massive
civil disobedience—millions of Indians protested the law. Quiet, non-violent defiance was the trademark of their way to freedom. The protests turned into a boycott of all British goods. The British were now finally shaken, and at first, new laws and restrictions were established, but once these tactics rendered ineffectual, the tyranny erupted into the brutal massacre of hundreds of nonviolent protesters. With the entire world as the audience, the British were seen as disgraceful, while Gandhi became a symbol of gracefulness. The Salt March marked the beginning of Gandhi’s worldwide fame, recognized for “Soul Power”—he was declared by America’s Time magazine, 1930 “Man of the Year.”
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Portrait of a Leader
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Spiritual Leaders make deliberate choices to engage their followers at the same level. Gandhi made the statement, “Our ambition was to live the life of the poorest people.” He made his own clothing, and he had a simple diet, which included raw nuts, dates, bananas, lemons and olive oil. Though such acts seem almost foolish and would be easily estimated to be inconsequential, his commitment to live life as being a “part of the people,” and not “above the people” demonstrated for followers a purity for the cause, and authenticity of character. Because he chose to resonate with followers rather than be revered by them, he was able
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to unite people who were a part of opposing factions. India was composed of many distinctively polarized groups, divided by religion and social class. He united people not by political tactics, or charismatic persuasion—but by being personally present to his people, and by his personal example. He desired for his heart to be the heart of India, and for his every action to be an overflow of his being. Before seeking to lead those who would follow, he sought to understand the essence of his people.
Portrait of a Leader
Gandhi desired to be the personal embodiment and voice of a people, and not just a representative or a figurehead to stand up for the people. He took lengthy trips by rail to become more intimate with the conditions of his land. Throughout his travels, he rode on third-class accommodations, which were mainly for the poorest of the land. He deliberately chose to engage the familiar discomfort and dangers faced by travelers who journeyed in overcrowded rail cars, with unspeakable odors, and insanitary conditions, where abuse and violence was not uncommon. Participating in such journeys strengthened his belief that India had to become more. Gandhi
understood that every person had intrinsic value and dignity as a human being. And he sought for this truth to be materialized by seeing his people become valued as “citizens� of a country that was yet to become. His pursuit of becoming a nation was far more than just a quest for independence—it was the pursuit to lay hold of a spiritual principle that others had violated repeatedly. Gandhi believed to the core of his being, that those who were set aside as the least, the last, and the lost, were a people who mattered. It was the dream for a people who would find freedom from the spiritual captivity of being devalued, mistreated, and set aside as a lower class.
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Life Journey
The Spiritual Leader “My life is my message.” - Mohandas Gandhi
I. FOUNDATIONS: RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY
II. POLITICAL ACTIVIST: DEMANDING HUMAN RIGHTS
1869
1893
A. Jain B. London Law C. Theosophical society D. Bhagavad Gita E. Mumbai Failure
A. B. C. D. E.
MOHANDAS GANDHI 1849 - 1948
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South Africa Natal Indian Congress Diplomatic Method Smuts Compromise Zulu Wars
M Life Journey
Mohandas Gandhi
III. NATIONAL RECOGNITION: CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
IV. LEGACY AND IMPACT: FATHER OF INDIA
1915
1939
A. Champaran / Kheda B. Non-Cooperation C. Salt Boycott
A. B. C. D.
Quit India Jail Independence & Partition Martyrdom
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THE WEAK CAN N EV E R F O RG IV E . F O RG IV E N E S S I S THE ATTRIBUTE OF T H E S T RO N G .
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THE
SPIRITUAL
LEADER
COLLECTION OF LEADERS IDEALIST
COUNSELOR
INFJ
E l e a n o r R o o s e v e lt 1884-1962
Aung San Suu Kyi 1945-PRESENT
Mary Baker Eddy 1821-1910
Jane Goodall 1934-PRESENT
Queen Noor 1931-PRESENT
Mohandas gandhi 1869 -1948
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906-1945
Vรกclav Havel 1928- present
T. E . L a w r e n c e 1888-1910
C.S. Lewis 1898-1963
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Finance
WHAT KIND OF
PHILANTHROPI
ARE YOU?
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IST
?
Finance
Imagine if you had so much money, that you could write a check in any amount, for any cause you wished to donate to. We call them Philanthropists. Unfortunately, most of us don’t ever make it to the top of the wealth ladder. Unless you’re born to privilege, we start somewhere at the bottom with our first job, where we make an hourly wage, or in some cases, we work for free in a non-paid internship (or if you’re lucky, an internship with a small stipend). Most of us aspire to make that big salary, or better yet, the salary + commissions or bonuses. Some of us make the leap to become entrepreneurial; and if we’re successful, we become owners; and from there you can elevate to becoming an investor. But, it’s only when we’ve hit it big, that few of us ever become Philanthropists. If you speak with anyone who is a Philanthropist, they will tell you what delight they get in giving. The truth is, giving can be one of the most rewarding experiences in life, and it doesn’t have to happen exclusively at the very top. It can start at any stage. We’re not talking about giving out of obligation because you are expected or mandated to give. True giving brings a smile to your face. It brings tears, laughter, and fulfillment. Giving out of a moral duty, guilt, or sacrifice is really not giving at all—it’s more like paying taxes. Our research indicates that depending on your temperament, giving can be immensely satisfying if you give to that which resonates with who you are. It will fuel your heart, and it will cause you to want to give for the long haul. This kind of giving creates a win for everyone.
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Finance
ARTISANS G I V E TO. . . I N N O VAT ED
AUDACIO 31
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Finance
IVE GY
OUS
Artisans feel best when their gift goes to something that’s innovative, edgy, and audacious. The impact has to have both style and substance; it has to be creative and outside the norm, and it has to be bold and daring. Giving to what everyone else gives to has no appeal. Artisans don’t just give because there is a need. They want their money to be associated with something that stands out. They give to organizations that are doing something different.
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Finance
CREDIB
S U B S TA N T I
C O N S E R VAT I 41
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Finance
GUARDIANS G I V E TO. . .
BLE
IAL
IVE
Guardians feel best when their gift goes to an organization that has credibility. They entrust their money with those who have a track record, where processes are run efficiently and smoothly. This ensures that most of what they give ends up in the hands of the beneficiaries. They want substance, and distrust style. They feel more comfortable with charities that have been well established, and are conservative. They want to give knowing that nothing is wasted.
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Finance
IDEALISTS G I V E TO. . . Idealists feel best when their gifts go to those who are hurting most. Where there is war, they hope to bring about peace. Where there is hatred, they want to provide love. Where there are wounds, they want to see healing. Idealists are inclined to give when they feel a tug on their hearts. They want to be moved to give. When they see tears of sadness, they want to shed tears of empathy, and tears of joy in knowing that their gift is reaching someone’s heart.
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HEA
HEA
TEA
Finance
ALING
ARTS
ARS Keirsey
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Finance
R GIV
Rationals feel best when their gifts go to sustainable solutions. They are not inclined to give to the newest or the coolest. They often see well-established organizations as enabling beneficiaries, rather than empowering them. They are not moved by emotional appeals. They want to give to smart organizations that are tackling problems that no one else is attempting to solve. They give when they know that smart people will utilize their gift strategically.
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PRO
SOL
INT
Finance
R AT I O N A L S V E TO. . .
OBLEMS
LUTIONS
TELLIGENCE Keirsey
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F I R S T T H E Y I G N O RE YO U , T H E N T H E Y L A U G H A T YO U , T H E N T H E Y F I G H T YO U , T H E N YO U W I N .
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The Anatomy Of a Spiritual Leader Idealist Counselor INFJ
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A Spiritual Leader has the unusual ability to o er wisdom that is usually inaccessible from anywhere else. They lead others with their wisdom. If they so desired, they could live comfortably, even luxuriously, wielding power, and their conduct would be deemed as acceptable. The image of a Spiritual Leader as living a more privileged life makes sense But, a true Spiritual Leader turns the paradigm of leadership upside-down. They lead not from a place of power, but from a place of humility. The wisdom they o er comes from a place of greatness in spirit, rather than a greatness of material prosperity. In this article, we examine the anatomy of a Spiritual Leader.
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A SPIRITUAL LEADER SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SPIRITUAL TRUTHS OF THE UNIVERSE A Spiritual Leader has an insatiable appetite for understanding the spiritual truths of the universe. By spiritual truths, we mean the underlying, often hidden principles relating to goodness, growth, and harmony. These leaders see their lives as a quest to unravel those truths. They feel that a large part of their calling is to discover the truths, which especially pertain to the nurturing of individuals. A Spiritual Leader is a natural counselor, and
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so they learn well through receiving counseling themselves. A Spiritual Leader recognizes that great counsel comes in the form of relationships to those who can speak into their lives. This can come about through person-toperson interaction or also by engaging wisdom provided by authors through ideas and contemplations expressed in writing. These leaders see the pursuit of truth as an exploration of limitless possibilities.
Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A SPIRITUAL LEADER DECIDES WHICH TRUTHS THEY WILL ADOPT AND LIVE BY There are many spiritual truths in the world, and to adopt all of them would not be possible. A Spiritual Leader avoids the temptation of trying to accept everything. They are discerning to recognize which ones they will live by and espouse. There are truths that are right for them in the context in which they live, and other truths that simply do not work. A Spiritual Leader di erentiates which truths are relevant and which ones ought to be discarded. For these spiritual leaders,
this decision is not made by reason in a logical manner. But rather, it is a pursuit of the heart, where they attentively listen for what feels right. A Spiritual Leader will hold onto truths, only when they connect emotionally with them. Spiritual truths become real for these leaders as they internalize them and make it personal. Prior to selecting which ones they will adopt, a truth is merely a cold intellectual idea, which remains ine ectual.
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A SPIRITUAL LEADER OFFERS THEIR WISDOM TO THE WORLD A Spiritual Leader understands that to make an impact, they must connect the truths they embody to the needs of the world. Simply internalizing truths and living by them may make them a spiritual person, but doesn’t amount to any kind of influence. A Spiritual Leader o ers their own wisdom, not anyone else’s. They have something unique to o er because their beliefs have been woven to the fibers of their being. Authenticity is paramount for these leaders, so o ering counsel that
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does not stem from their identity is unconscionable for them. What they o er comes from deep-seated beliefs, which represent their personhood. Their wisdom has been tested in their own lives, and has become a part of their nature. Therefore, o ering their counsel can be a very intense experience for any counselee. Imparted wisdom is weighty, and never flippant. When they pass on wisdom, it comes from a deep place, and is meant to strike at the deepest parts of the recipient’s soul.
Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A SPIRITUAL LEADER MENTORS OTHERS TO GROW IN THEIR SPIRITUALITY Mentoring others to grow in their spirituality can be called discipleship. We would define discipleship as, The act of helping form in others what has been formed within them.” A Spiritual Leader will not lead a person where they have not gone before, nor will they encourage someone to take a path where they themselves are unwilling to go. Spiritual guidance is never o ered from a shallow place of methods, which were only once read about. When these leaders mentor others, what they o er
comes from a place where insight imparted has been the product of many years of wrestling. In e ect, the net result of what gets passed on to others is the identity of the Spiritual Leader themselves. As a result, recipients feel connected to these leaders in a very special kind of bond. A Spiritual Leader finds their deepest fulfillment when they help protégés who can also learn and grow in wisdom in order to help others.
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
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Anatomy of a Spiritual Leader
A SPIRITUAL LEADER CODIFIES THEIR WISDOM IN WRITING After years of o ering wisdom, and mentoring others, the collections of truths adopted and o ered emerge into a philosophy, which ought to be codified. What we mean by codify is to put it in writing. A Spiritual Leader makes it an absolute priority to allocate time to write on a regular basis. In most cases, these leaders will find that once they get started, that words will flow rather e ortlessly because they are naturally gifted at writing. Codification is the medium through which a Spiritual
Leader’s philosophy can be widely distributed to the world in a way that scales far beyond what can be achieved through dissemination themselves or through their disciples. Codification captures wisdom, which can be harnessed for generations beyond what a Spiritual Leader can do by mentoring. These leaders keep written journals of reflection allowing for a lifetime of discovery, contemplation, and counseling to transcend one’s own lifetime.
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HA P P I N E S S W HA T
YO U
W HA T AND ARE
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IS
IN
THINK,
YO U
W HA T
WHEN
S AY ,
YO U
DO
HA R M O N Y .
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Spirituality
Spiritual Disciplines
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Spirituality
They say that most human beings (irrespective of their temperament type) become spiritually engaged during times of di culty, challenge, loss, or because of some kind of awakening. In our research, we have found that di erent temperaments practice their spirituality in di erent ways. They are often referred to as spiritual disciplines. We like to think of them as default “go to� ways to express their spirituality. Depending on one’s temperament, one engages spirituality in a specific kind of way.
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Spirituality
Artisan
Restraining
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Spirituality
When the Artisan decides to become
and pleasurable for the Artisan than
spiritual, their reflex reaction is
anyone else, and so instinctual lust
to move toward restraint. Many
for all that the world can o er them
religions call this fasting. It is where
is highlt motivating. So, for Artisans,
an individual chooses to eliminate
the spiritual journey starts with
certain worldly pleasures from their
the act of restraining themselves
lives in an e ort to purify and cleanse
from engaging their hedonistic
themselves. Artisans by nature have
nature. These sensual individuals
a heightened sense of awareness
decide to trade in sensuality for
of their physical senses. The five
spirituality when they are seeking
senses—(see, hear, taste, touch,
to live a spiritual life.
smell)—are far more stimulating
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Spirituality
Guardian
Rituals
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Spirituality
When the Guardian decides to
religious teacher, or participating
become spiritual, they naturally
in religious ceremonies, Guardians
move toward engaging in rituals. For
find rituals comforting. Knowing
Guardians, spirituality is addressed
that there is a prescribed way of
in a manner where the first question
doing things when approaching
that comes to mind is, “What do I
the divine makes the Guardian
need to do?” So their “go to” way
feel assured that their efforts
is to find out what the established
will be recognized. Guardians want
authorities say. Whether it is a prayer,
concrete activities that they know
reading sacred literature, attending
have been done by others and that
a worship service, listening to a
have led to success.
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Spirituality
Idealist
Relationships
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Spirituality
By nature, most Idealists see
involved in a spiritual community
themselves as being spiritual, and
where one can be authentic is the
they engage spiritual practices on
highest need for Idealists. They
a regular basis. They see all of life
see spirituality as a journey to be
as being spiritual, where there is
taken together and never alone.
purpose and meaning in life that all
Idealists engage rituals, restraint,
of us are meant to find and live out.
and reflection, but such engagement
hen faced ith di culty Idealists
becomes that much more meaningful
are the first to rely on relationshi s
when it is engaged in relationship.
hey find their belo ed and en a e
Doing rituals together, restraining
heart to heart su
ortin
and
u liftin each other as they share
together, reflection together is where it’s at for the Idealist.
stories and confessions Being
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Spirituality
Rational
Reflection
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Spirituality
When Rationals engage spiritually,
get so busy using their brains—
they do so through reflection.
analyzing, strategizing, diagnosing,
Religious teachers sometimes refer
and consulting others, that they so
to this as silence and solitude,
often lose sight of the needs of their
contemplation, meditation, or
hearts. When Rationals take time
journaling. Reflection can simply
to re ect it is the startin
be thought of as thinking. It is to
for
pause, analyze, and gain clarity. In its essence, we see reflection as setting aside time and space to slow down and to listen to your thoughts. It becomes a sacred space to do some self-analysis. Rationals by nature,
ainin
atters
ers ecti e on ost It allo s the
lace hat to
e aluate their current state and to easure the a bet een they are headed and
here
here they
ay need to reali n their li es to ard
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Anatomy of an Empath
Artist Credits
CHOI, LISA
Creative Director & Designer Artisan Promoter ESTP
LEE, STELLA
Graphic Designer Rational Mastermind INTJ
BONILLA, FRANCIS Graphic Design Associate Idealist Champion ENFP
DYNKINA, OLGA Featured Cover Artist
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Photo Credits C.S. Lewis. Digital image. Deciantart. N.p., N. a. Web. 13 July 2015. <http:// goldilockes.deviantart.com/art/CS-LEWIS-Clive-Staples-Lewis-Christian-506003021>. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Digital image. flickr. N.p., 21 June 2012. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://flic.kr/p/ci69gG>. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 21 Mar. 1932. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_ Bild_183-R0211-316,_Dietrich_Bonhoeffer_mit_Sch%C3%BClern.jpg>. Eleanor Roosevelt. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 31 Dec. 1931. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Eleanor_Roosevelt#/media/File:Eleanor_Roosevelt_cph.3b16000.jpg>. Gandhi costume. Wikimedia commons. 1942. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi_costume.jpg> Gandhi hands together. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 1906. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Gandhi_hands_together. jpg> Gandhi South-Africa. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 1895. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:Gandhi_South-Africa.jpg>
Gandhi writing a document. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., July 31, 1942. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_ Gandhi#/media/File:Gandhi_writing. jpg> Jane Goodall. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 8 Oct 2010. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jane_Goodall_Int%C3%A9zet#/media/ File:JaneGoodallOct10.jpg>. Mahatma Gandhi laughing. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 1942. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Mahatma_Gandhi_laughing.jpeg> Mahatma Gandhi spinning yarn. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 1920. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Indian_National_Congress#/media/File:Gandhi_spinning.jpg> Mark Baker Eddy. Digital image. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 16 Aug 2011. Web. 13 July 2015.<https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Public_Domain_ Mary_Baker_Eddy.jpg>.
Queen Noor. Digital image. flickr. N.p., 31 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://flic.kr/p/9v2u57>. T.E. Lawrence. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 31 Dec. 1918. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._E._ Lawrence#/media/File:With_Lawrence_ in_Arabia.jpg>. Tagore Gandhi. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 1940. Web. 13 July 2015. <https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tagore_Gandhi.jpg> The face of Gandhi in old age. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 1930s. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi#/media/ File:Portrait_Gandhi.jp> Vรกclav Havel. Digital image. flickr. N.p., 3 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://flic.kr/p/oLhp7C>. Young gandhi. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 1879. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Young_gandhi.jpg>
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Wikimedia commons. N.p., 16 Aug 2011. Web. 13 July 2015. <https://commons. wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohandas_ Karamchand_Gandhi.jpg>
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