The Spectrum - Issue 11 (2021)

Page 62

P. 55 - P. 57 - P. 58 -

'Facebook' from Flickr by Book Catalog. Licensed under CC BY 2.0. 'Isaac's 1pm check-in on WebEX, Liam' from Flickr by Alpha. Licensed under - CC BY-NC 2.0. Image from UNESCO, 'startling digital divides in distance learning emerge', accessed 16 May 2021 https://en.unesco.org/ news/startling-digital-divides-distance-learning-emerge. Licensed as All Rights Reserved but is available for personal, non-commerical use.

REFERENCES EUROPEAN AFFAIRS Towards a Crisis-Proof Schengen Area: Post-Covid and Beyond by Joao Bessa Pereira, Virginia Izzo, Claudia Quinn and Ela Rautner P. 4 - P. 6 -

'European Flag' from Flickr by Rock Cohen. Licensed under - CC BY-SA 2.0. 'Members of the Schengen Information System (SIS) from Wikimedia Commons. Licensed under - CC-BY-SA-4.0.

1 Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community, 25 March 1957, Article 3. 2 "Schengen Agreement" Schengen Visa Info, Updated November 25 2020, (2020), accessed 13 December 2020, https://www. schengenvisainfo.com/schengen-agreement/. 3 Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code), March 23, 2016, Article 25. 4 European Commission, Notifications of temporary reintroduction of border control. 5 Schengen Visa Info, 'Schengen Area in the brink of suspension: what could be the consequences' (2020). 6 Schengen Visa Info News, '21/26 Schengen countries have already closed borders while EC still mulls Schengen suspen sion idea' (2020). 7 Hanne Beirens, Susan Fratzke and Lena Kains, 'When Emergency Measures become the norm: post-coronavirus pros pects for the Schengen zone' Migration Policy Institute (2020). 8 Sofia Vasilopoulou and Liina Talving, 'Opportunity or threat? How Europeans view freedom of movement' LSE Blog, (2018). 9 Darren Neville, 'Cost of Non-Schengen: The Impact of Border Controls within Schengen on the Single Market' Director ate-General for Internal Policies; European Parliamentary Research Service (2016), 9. 10 European Parliament, 'Schengen: what issues affect the border-free zone?' (2020). 11 Schengen Borders Code, (2016), Article 25. 12 Ibid. 13 Europol, 'Europol in brief ', (2019), 14. 14 European Commission, 'Notifications of temporary reintroduction of border control' 15 Sevgi Cilingir, '“Europe Without Borders” and the Future of European Integration: Internal Border Controls in the Schengen Area' in Yilmaz Bayar (ed.),Handbook of Research on Social and Economic Development in the European Union, (Turkey, 2019), 463-467. 16 Europol, Partners and Agreements, accessed 13 December 2020, https://www.europol.europa.eu/partners-agreements 17 Europol, Governance and Accountability, accessed 13 December 2020, https://www.europol.europa.eu/about-europol/gov ernance-accountability 18 UK Government, 'Police and Crime Commissioners: progress to date' (2014). 19 Ibid, 3. 20 Schengen Borders Code, (2016), Articles 22, 23, 24. 21 Schengen Borders Code, (2016), Article 27; it reads “Procedure for the temporary reintroduction of border control at inter nal borders under Article 25”. 22 Unprecedented meaning a threat the Member State has never experienced before, as it has been Covid-19. 23 Schengen Borders Code, (2016), Article 2(21). 24 "What Happens when Countries Break EU Environmental Law?" ClientEarth, accessed 27 November 2020, https://www. clientearth.org/latest/latest-updates/stories/what-happens-when-countries-break-eu-environmental-law/. Freedom in Europe: Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights by Natalia Vasnier, Noe Amelynck, Léo Sgambato, Catherine Burke, Jonas Decker and Mirjam Seiler P. 8 - Image from Unsplash by Külli Kittus. Licensed under the Unsplash License. P. 10 - 'About Ten Thousand People Attended A Rally in Dublin in Memory of Savita Halappanavar' from Flickr by William Murphy. Licensed under - CC BY-SA 2.0. 1 ‘Poland enforces controversial near-total abortion ban.’ BBC News, accessed 28 March 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-europe-55838210.


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Articles inside

references

37min
pages 62-76

image references

3min
page 61

letter from the president

3min
page 60

Bridging the Economic Gap Through Digital Literacy

9min
pages 57-59

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout and Online Misinformation

9min
pages 53-56

Why do the Health Inequalities in Ethnic Minority Populations Still Exist?

14min
pages 48-52

COVID-19 and the Education Crisis: Using the 'A-Level Fiasco' as a Catalyst for Regulatory Reform

9min
pages 38-40

Addressing the Educational Needs of Refugee Youth in the Face of COVID-19

7min
pages 41-43

What Policies Should High-Income Countries Implement to Combat the Impact of COVID-19 on Population Mental Health

10min
pages 44-47

CONTENTS

11min
pages 34-37

Loss and Damage in the Global South: The Struggle for Support and Climate Justice on the International Stage

12min
pages 30-33

Access to Green Finance for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the UK

10min
pages 26-29

Blue Doves in Flight: Towards a New Model of Peacekeeping Communications

10min
pages 19-22

Freedom in Europe: Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights

11min
pages 8-11

The International Community's Response to China's Human Rights Abuses in Xinjang

10min
pages 12-15

A Suggestion for Social Housing Policy in England

9min
pages 23-25

New York to N'Djamena: How should France Negotiate American Involvement in the Sahel?

9min
pages 16-18

Towards a Crisis-Proof Schengen Area: Post-Covid and Beyond

10min
pages 4-7
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