Kinté Taylor
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ITGM 705 ART REVIEW 1 Winter 2011
Kinté Taylor THE TELEX
The electronic telegraph was percussed by the optical telegraphs of the late 18th and early 19th century. Optical telegraphs can be broken down into 3 sub-categories: Non-Literial, where sound patterns were transmitted over a distance, Literal: which requires alphabetic signaling and Visual: transmitting messages from “hilltop to hilltop”. A Frenchman by the name of Claude Chappe devised towers spaced as far as the eye could see, topped with large cross members that pivoted called the Semaphore Line. He also created a language represented by the different positions of the cross members. The two arms were able to show seven positions each, and the connecting cross bar had four different angles, totaling of 196 symbols. This line connected Paris and Lille and was used to carry war dispatches. Electronic Telegraphy had its beginnings in the early 19th century with the employment of electricity. This telegraphy either involved wires where electric impulses were transmitted (Wired Telegraphy) or microwave radio links (Wireless Telegraphy).
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Samuel Morse helped the telex and telegraphy communications network by his invention of the Morse key, a device to send electronic signals over wires, and Morse Code, and code consisting of long an short pulses. Each letter of the alphabet was assigned a specific set of long and short pulses (dots and dashes). Everyone wants to get information as quick as possible. Today we have all forms of instant communication ranging from the daily newspaper, Internet, to the mobile web. We take for granted the immediacy of communication. Telegraphs arose from the need for faster communication. Although other forms of transportation were emerging, information still needed a fast and inexpensive way to be delivered. As a real-time, data communications service, the Telex became worldwide by the 1960’s. It allowed the exchange of communication and data between one another. Originally the telex used Morse code, which consists of long dash and short dot and signals when the machine was operated manually. Automatic Teleprinters used the 5-bit Baudot code (also known as ITA2). Telephone lines led to the decline of the telex with its ability to send digital communications at high speed over them. The
KintĂŠ Taylor THE TELEX
Internet and email have advanced us from time when we had post rider and other forms of rudimentary communication delivery. Now a days, even email is subsiding to mechanisms such as SMS (Short Message Service) /MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service and other social networks such at Facebook, Twitter and blogs. As we move forward through time old technology dies and new ones emerge, I cannot wait to see what the future holds. Sources: http://www.fact-index.com/s/se/semaphore__communication_.html http://www.answers.com/topic/telex http://boingboing.net/2009/06/20/the-chappe-optical-t.html http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm
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http://library.thinkquest.org/27887/gather/history/telegraphy2.shtml