CONNECTED
A1 BEGINNER
CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
STUDENT BOOK
CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
CONNECTED is a six-level General English course taking young adult students from Beginner to Advanced levels (CEF: A1 to C1). The series contains engaging exercises presented in everyday contexts relevant to students’ own lives, motivating them to practice and retain new language. Each level contains 20 units which practice the four skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing) in addition to grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
A1
Elementary
A2
Pre-Intermediate
B1
Intermediate
B2
Upper-Intermediate Advanced
B2+ C1
A1 BEGINNER
The series features: • Broad themes to interest learners • Clean, colorful design for easy navigation • Personalized contexts to help consolidate understanding • Clear unit structure moving from key language points through receptive skills to productive skills
Beginner
A1
BEGINNER
Christopher Sol Cruz Connected level 1 cover.indd 1
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CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
A1
BEGINNER
Christopher Sol Cruz
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Knowledge Transmission Ltd Future Business Centre, Kings Hedges Rd, Cambridge, CB4 2HY, UK www.KnowledgeTransmission.com Š Knowledge Transmission Ltd 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Knowledge Transmission Ltd. First published 2015 ISBN: 978-0-9933274-0-7 Knowledge Transmission Ltd has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Introduction About this course This 600-hour course is aimed at students of General English at all stages of proficiency, and takes students all the way from Beginner to Advanced level. It is divided into six levels corresponding to the levels of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR): Beginner (A1), Elementary (A2), PreIntermediate (B1), Intermediate (B2), Upper-Intermediate (B2+), and Advanced (C1). The course design takes an integrated-skills approach. Each level of the course is divided into separate units, each of which covers all four skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing), as well as grammar and vocabulary. This integration of the four skills with language functions reflects real-life communication, and so prepares students to use English in the real world. Each unit has a broad, engaging theme, which motivates students by providing them with interesting topics about which to communicate purposefully. The acquisition of the language being presented allows students to engage with the themes in meaningful receptive and productive activities. All units contain elements of personalization, which is provided through production activities that encourage students to apply the language they have learned to their own personal contexts. This makes language relevant to students’ own lives, and serves to motivate and engage them further.
Unit structure Each unit includes • a vocabulary section that presents and practices the words and expressions needed for the unit • a dialogue that shows and tests the vocabulary in use and presents a grammar point in context • a pronunciation section that focuses on a key aspect of English pronunciation featured in the dialogue • a grammar explanation, followed by graded practice activities, that deals with the grammar point in detail • reading and listening activities that expand on the unit’s theme, practicing the grammar and vocabulary • speaking and writing activities that encourage personalization of the unit’s theme and give freer production of the language.
About the author Christopher Sol Cruz has been involved in the field of English language instruction and materials writing since 1988. He is the co-author of the Pearson primary EFL series Big English, and has written and developed numerous English learning materials for a variety of age groups in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and the US. In addition to writing, Sol Cruz has given academic presentations and run teacher professional development workshops around the world, and is an avid language learner. Introduction
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Contents Introduction 3 Unit
1
Unit
2
Unit
3
Unit
4
Unit
5
Unit
6
Unit
7
Unit
8
Unit
9
Unit
10
Topic
Vocabulary
Greetings and Greetings and personal information Hi/Hello What’s your name? My name is … introductions Countries, nationalities and languages United States, American, English
Topic
Jobs
Topic
Family
Topic
My things
Topic
Likes
Grammar Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) + be: simple present statements in affirmative and negative He’s from ... He’s not from ... They’re students. Simple present statements with I, you, we, they in affirmative and negative You speak … I don’t eat … Vocabulary Jobs designer, nurse Where you live, work, or go to school They live in … It’s near... Grammar Be verb: simple present yes/no questions and short answers Is he a teacher? Are they programmers? Basic simple present wh- questions Where do you work? I work in ... Vocabulary Family members father, mother Numbers 11–100 They’re in room number twelve at the hotel. Our street address is seventy-two Grant Avenue. Grammar Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) and plural nouns My aunt is a nurse. His father is from … Possessive nouns Tim’s father works in … Maria’s brother lives in … My parents’ hometown is … Vocabulary Common items people carry with them bag, cell phone Colors blue, green, red Grammar Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those Whose + possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Whose jacket is this? Vocabulary Compatibility have a pet dog, be allergic to pets listen to hip-hop music, listen to classical music Grammar Simple present statements in affirmative and negative She has parties at home. She doesn’t have parties at home.
Topic
Daily routines
Topic
Getting around
Topic
Abilities
Topic
Chores
Topic
Locations
Vocabulary Daily routines get up, get dressed, brush my teeth Telling time o’clock, thirty, quarter to Grammar Simple present: yes/no questions and short answers Do you watch TV? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Vocabulary Daily commute take the bus, drive, ride a bicycle Days of the week Monday, Tuesday Time expressions in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night Grammar Simple present: wh- questions When does he take the bus? Where do they go in the morning? How often + adverbs of frequency always, usually, often Vocabulary Abilities play the piano, dance, speak three languages Grammar Can: affirmative and negative questions and statements How many languages can you speak? I can speak three languages. Can: yes/no questions and short answers Can you play the piano? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Vocabulary Rooms in a house kitchen, bathroom, bedroom Household chores make dinner, wash the dishes, do the laundry Grammar Present continuous: wh- questions and affirmative and negative statements What are you doing? I’m washing the dishes. I’m not making dinner. Present continuous: yes/no questions and short answers Are you doing the laundry? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. Vocabulary Prepositions of location on, in, over, under, next to, between Objects in a room window, door, table Grammar There is/are: statements and questions There is one bedroom. Is there a desk? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Prepositions of location There’s a jacket on the sofa. Your keys are under the table.
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Dialogue Personal information
Pronunciation Intonation in country or nationality names
Reading Hello. My name is…
Listening People introducing themselves
Dialogue Discussing your job and school
Pronunciation Question intonation
Reading Working for fun
Listening People talking about their jobs
Dialogue Discussing family members
Pronunciation th sounds
Reading Families
Listening People talking about family members
Dialogue Roommates talking about cleaning up before guests arrive Reading Lost and found
Pronunciation Pronouncing s
Dialogue Two people trying to decide if they would be good roommates Reading Identical interests?
Pronunciation /l/, /r/, /bl/, /br/, /pl/, /pr/
Dialogue People complaining about how boring their lives are
Pronunciation Reduction of do you
Reading Time differences
Listening People talking about their daily routines
Dialogue Two people talking about their daily commutes
Pronunciation Reduction of wh- question forms
Reading Cycling Dialogue People boasting about their children Reading Go together
Listening People talking about their daily commutes to work and school Pronunciation Can and can’t: reduced and unreduced Listening People talking about their abilities
Dialogue Talking about where people are in the house
Pronunciation Short and long vowel sounds
Reading Home sweet home
Listening People talking about what they are doing
Dialogue Two people trying to find lost keys
Pronunciation /b/ and /v/
Reading Tiny houses
Listening People talking about their favorite room at home
Listening People talking about special possessions
Listening People talking about how they are similar to or different from their twin
Page 8 Speaking Introducing yourself
Writing Introducing yourself Page 17
Speaking Talking about where you live, work, or go to school
Writing Answering interview questions Page 28
Speaking Talking about people in your family
Writing Writing about someone in your family Page 38
Speaking Talking about objects around you
Writing Writing about objects you take with you to school or work Page 47
Speaking Talking about how you are similar to or different from your sibling or best friend
Writing Writing to a new roommate Page 56
Speaking Writing Talking about your weekday Writing about daily routines daily routine Page 65 Speaking Talking about your daily commute
Writing Writing about your weekday and weekend activities Page 76
Speaking Talking about things you can or can’t do well
Writing Writing about the things a close friend or family member can or can’t do well Page 85
Speaking Talking about what you do during the day
Writing Writing about what people are doing Page 95
Speaking Talking about your favorite room at home
Writing Writing about your ideal apartment or dream room
Contents
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Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
11
Something to eat
Ingredients needed for dishes chicken, mustard, lettuce Grammar
Unit
Topic
Count and noncount nouns tomatoes, apples, mushrooms two slices of bread a bottle of water Affirmative statements with count and noncount nouns Do we need to buy an onion? We need to buy some ground beef. Vocabulary
12
Party plan
Items for a party/dinner cups, plates, forks Grammar
Unit
Topic
Yes/no questions with count and noncount nouns Do we have any …? Yes, we have some. / No, we don’t have any. Questions and negative statements with count and noncount nouns How much ice cream do we need? We need three containers of ice cream. Vocabulary
13
Restaurants
Food/dishes steak, fish, French fries Grammar Would you like questions with a, some, and any Would you like a/some/any ...? Yes, please. No, thank you.
Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
14
Directions
Giving directions on the right, on the left, turn left/right Places in the neighborhood train station, bus stop, post office Grammar Imperatives: affirmative and negative Go straight for two blocks. Turn left at the corner.
Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
15
Around town
Attractions around town art museum, park, zoo Adjectives huge, beautiful, old, crowded, nice Grammar
Unit
Topic
16
What happened?
Simple past: be Where were you last night? I was at the library. I wasn’t home. Simple past: have I had dinner at an Italian restaurant. You didn’t have time to go sightseeing. Did you have a good time? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Vocabulary Past activities walked to the coffee shop, called a friend from class, helped me with my homework Grammar Simple past: regular verbs I played golf the day before yesterday. I didn’t play tennis. Did you cook fish for dinner?
Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
17
Free time activities
Leisure activities go out to eat, see a movie, go to the gym Grammar Simple past: irregular verbs had, went, saw
Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
18
The door was locked!
Clues the same (color) as …, missing, locked, open, close
Unit
Topic
19
On vacation
Grammar Simple past: question forms Who was in the room with you? Where did she go? Conjunctions: and, but, and or She wasn’t at work yesterday, but she wasn’t sick. Vocabulary Months of the year January, February Seasons spring, summer Vacation activities go sightseeing, buy souvenirs, take a lot of pictures Grammar Future with be going to: statements and questions I’m going to go to Bali next summer. Where are you going to stay?
Unit
Topic
Vocabulary
20
Special days
Special days birthday, wedding, give a gift Ordinal numbers (1st–31st) first, second Grammar Object pronouns: direct and indirect objects I gave Mary a gift. I gave it to her.
Answer key 198 Acknowledgements 208
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Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
People discussing a meal they are going to make
/p/ and /f/
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
104
Hungry? Have a sandwich!
People talking about their favorite dishes
Discussing the ingredients in your favorite dish
Writing about the foods you buy every week
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Two people planning a party
Different ways to pronounce c
Reading
Listening
Food for thought
People talking about what they need for a Describing what you need business meeting, banquet, and picnic for an event
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Two people ordering at a restaurant
Pronouncing /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /dʒ/
Reading
Listening
Speaking
What’s your favorite topping?
People ordering food at a restaurant
Ordering at a coffee shop or Writing about what you restaurant normally eat for breakfast
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
A person asking someone for directions
Rising intonation for confirmation
134
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Taxi!
Conversations asking for directions
Giving directions in your hometown
Writing directions for a friend visiting from out of town
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
Recounting a visit to another city
/uː/ and /juː/
144
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
The history of Troy
People talking about their visits to different cities
Talking about a visit you made to another city
Writing about popular places for tourists to visit where you live
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
Two people talking about what happened yesterday
Minimal pairs
153
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Time management
People talking about what they did yesterday
Saying what you did yesterday
Writing about what a friend or someone in your family did yesterday
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
People talking about the fun activities they did over the weekend Reading
Homophones
161
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Timed out
Saying what you did over the weekend
Writing about what you did on your last vacation
Dialogue
People talking about what they did over the weekend Pronunciation
Someone telling another person about a missing item
Pausing between clauses
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Who broke the vase?
Describing what happened
Preparing a list of questions to solve a problem
Dialogue
People talking about something that is missing or something that has changed Pronunciation
One person asking another about his vacation plans
Going to to gonna
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
Sights to see
Talking about what you are going to do on vacation
Writing about what you are going to do this weekend
Dialogue
People talking about what they are going to do on vacation Pronunciation
Discussion about a friend’s upcoming birthday
Final consonant + /θ/
Reading
Listening
Speaking
Writing
How do you like your holidays?
People talking about what they are going to do for someone’s special day
Talking about what you are going to do for a friend or family member’s birthday
Writing about your favorite holiday
Page 114 Speaking
Writing Writing a list of what you need for a picnic Page 125 Writing
Page 169
Page 178
Page 189
Contents
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4
My things
Unit Goals In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Common items people carry with them Colors Dialogue Roomates talking about cleaning up before guests arrive Pronunciation Pronouncing s Grammar Demonstrative pronouns Whose + possessive pronouns Reading Lost and found Listening People talking about special possessions Speaking Talking about objects around you Writing Writing about objects you take with you to school or work 38
Connected
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4 4.1 Vocabulary 1 Audio 22
Read and listen to the words.
bag cell phone jacket keys notebook pen umbrella wallet watch water bottle blue green red orange purple yellow white black brown gray
Vocabulary 2 Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1 Where are your [bags / jackets / keys]? 2 My brother has a brown [wallet / bag / watch]. 3 Her [wallet / bag / watch] is very beautiful. 4 I always carry my black [wallet / bag / watch] to work. 5 My uncle wears a red [water bottle / umbrella / jacket]. 6 Remember to bring a [water bottle / umbrella / jacket] with you. 7 They have a blue [water bottle / umbrella / jacket], but it isn’t raining. 8 Is this your [notebook / cell phone / pen]? I found it on the ground. 9 He never remembers to bring his [notebook / cell phone / pen] to work. 10 I write about my day in this blue [notebook / cell phone / pen]. 1
4 2 3
9 5
6 7
8
10
My things
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Vocabulary 3 Look at the pictures. Write the missing words. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10 9
1 My sister walks to work carrying a 2 They live in a 3 Is this
house. pen yours?
4 The sky today is very 5 What’s in this
. bag?
6 My mother drives a 7 Is this your
car. book?
8 She is wearing her favorite 9 Is this your 10 The sky is 40
umbrella.
jacket.
wallet? today, so bring your umbrella.
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4 Vocabulary 4 Audio 23
Listen. Then practice saying these sentences.
1 Where are your keys? 2 My brother has a brown wallet. 3 Her watch is very beautiful. 4 I always carry my black bag to work. 5 My uncle wears a red jacket. 6 Remember to bring a water bottle with you. 7 They have a black umbrella, but it isn’t raining. 8 Is this your pen? I found it on the ground. 9 He never remembers to bring his cell phone to work. 10 I write about my day in this blue notebook. 11 My sister walks to work carrying a yellow umbrella. 12 They live in a white house. 13 Is this green pen yours? 14 The sky today is very blue. 15 What’s in this brown bag? 16 My mother drives a red car. 17 Is this your black book? 18 She is wearing her favorite orange jacket. 19 Is this your purple wallet? 20 The sky is gray today, so bring your umbrella.
4.2 Dialogue 1 Audio 24
Read and listen to the dialogue.
Nicole and Sofia are roommates. They’re cleaning their living room before Nicole’s mother visits. Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia
Whose black umbrella is this? It’s mine. And this brown bag is mine, too. Is this your sister’s yellow jacket? No, it’s not hers. It’s mine. This is my orange water bottle, too. Whose red notebook is this? Is it your brother’s? No, it’s not his. It’s mine, too. Wow! Everything is yours! No. This black pen is yours. Really? My pen is blue. Your pen is black. Well, these keys are yours. My things
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Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole
No. Mine are in my bag. Those are your keys. This purple cell phone belongs to you. Is it mine? You have a purple cell phone, too. Hello. Oh, hi Paul! How are you? Ha! It is your purple cell phone!
Dialogue 2 Choose ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. 1 2 3 4
The yellow jacket is Sofia’s sister’s. The red notebook is Sofia’s. The blue pen is Sofia’s. Did Paul call Nicole’s cell phone?
Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No
Dialogue 3 Practice reading the dialogue aloud with a partner.
4.3 Pronunciation 1 Final s sounds Audio 25
42
Listen. Then practice saying the words.
/s/
/z/
/ɪz/
jackets notebooks wallets parents
pens bottles umbrellas keys
watches nieces addresses offices
Connected
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4 4.4 Grammar 1
near far singular this that plural these those
Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) Audio 26 Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Tip
1 This is Susan’s umbrella. / This isn’t Susan’s umbrella. 2 These are my keys. / These aren’t my keys. 3 That is my cell phone. / That isn’t my cell phone. 4 Those are Kevin’s notebooks. / Those aren’t Kevin’s notebooks.
Grammar 2 Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun for each sentence. this that these those 1 Look at
jacket here.
2
are Jack’s keys over there.
3
is my water bottle here.
4 I like
is your bottle over there.
purple flowers here. They are beautiful.
5
bags over there are nice.
6
building over there is the Empire State Building.
Grammar 3 Whose + possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs) Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Audio 27
1 Whose jacket is this? It’s mine. 2 Whose umbrella is that? It’s not mine. My umbrella is red. 3 Whose wallet is this? It’s hers.
Subject Possessive Pronoun Pronoun I mine you yours he his she hers we ours they theirs
Tip
4 Whose keys are these? They’re ours. 5 Whose pen is that? It’s yours. 6 Whose car is that? It’s theirs. My things
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Grammar 4 Whose + possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs) Write the correct possessive pronoun for each sentence. 1 Whose cell phone is that? It’s my cell phone. / It’s
.
2 Whose keys are those? They’re Tom’s keys. / They’re 3 Whose red pen is this? It’s Sara’s pen. / It’s
. .
4 Whose notebooks are these? They are our notebooks. / They’re 5 Whose house is that? It’s Tom and Becky’s house. It’s 6 Whose water bottle is this? It’s your water bottle. / It’s
. . .
Grammar 5 Choose the correct possessive pronouns to complete the dialogue. yours hers mine his my Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole Sofia Nicole
Whose black umbrella is this? . And this brown bag is 2 , too. It’s 1 Is this your sister’s yellow jacket? . It’s 4 . This is my orange water bottle, too. No, it’s not 3 Whose red notebook is this? Is it your brother’s? . It’s 6 , too. No, it’s not 5 7 ! Wow! Everything is 8 . No. This black pen is 9 pen is blue. Your pen is black. Really? 10 . Well, these keys are 11 12 are in bag. Those are your keys. No. This purple cell phone belongs to you. ? You have a purple cell phone, too. Is it 13 Hello. Oh, hi Paul! How are you? Ha! It is your purple cell phone!
4.5 Reading Read the article. Then read the sentences. Choose ‘True’ or ‘False’.
44
1 The skulls police found were in France.
True / False
2 A woman forgot some live insects on a plane.
True / False
3 There is a museum that has things from lost luggage.
True / False
4 Someone left a fake leg on the subway.
True / False
5 People only lose false teeth in America.
True / False
Connected
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4
People lose things all the time. Most people lose normal things like wallets, cell phones, watches, or clothes. But sometimes people can lose strange things. In London, police found two human skulls in a bag. They thought they had found something connected to a crime. But the skulls were owned by a professor who used them in lectures. In New York, someone left a fake leg on the subway. Officials don’t know how the person walked away without it!
There is a whole museum and store in Scottsboro, Alabama that has lots of strange and interesting things that were found in lost luggage. The museum has many fun things, like a puppet from a movie and a violin from the 1770s. You can even buy some of them! Many places all over the world report that a common lost item is false teeth. How do people lose their teeth? Next time you get mad at yourself for losing something, remember: it could be worse!
Another woman was taking some beautiful dried insects to her friend. She forgot them on the plane. Luckily, the airline found them and sent them back to her. My things
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4.6 Listening Audio 28
Listen. Then choose the correct words to complete each sentence.
1 The bag a is very special
. b is blue
2 The notebook a is very special 3 The pen a is very special 4 One key a is very special
c is for the house
d is a birthday gift
c is for the house
d is a birthday gift
c is for the house
d is a birthday gift
c is for the house
d is a birthday gift
. b is blue . b is blue . b is blue
4.7 Speaking Practice asking and answering the questions with a partner. • Talk about your favorite things. Describe their shape and color. Why do you like them? • Talk about three things in your bag. Describe each thing. What are they for? • Look around you. Talk about three things you see. What color are they? Who do they belong to?
4.8 Writing Write about what you take with you when you go out to school or work every day. Describe the objects. Follow the example. Then show your description to a partner or your teacher for feedback. I always carry my cell phone. It has a black cover. I take my house keys, too. Sometimes I bring a bottle of water. I have a favorite backpack. It’s dark green.
46
Connected
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Unit 4 4.1 Vocabulary 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
keys wallet watch bag jacket water bottle umbrella pen cell phone notebook
Vocabulary 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
yellow white green blue brown red black orange purple gray
4.2 Dialogue 2 1 2 3 4
No Yes No No
Grammar 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
mine mine hers mine his mine yours yours My yours Mine my mine
4.5 Reading 1 2 3 4 5
False False True True False
4.6 Listening 1 2 3 4
d b a c
4.4 Grammar 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
this Those This / That these Those That
Grammar 4 1 2 3 4 5 6
mine his hers ours theirs yours Answer key
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Acknowledgements The publishers wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce images. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright materials. The publishers will gladly receive any information enabling them to rectify any error or omission at the first opportunity. Cover ©iStock.com/Aldo Murillo All images are from Shutterstock.com unless otherwise stated: U1 p 8 Victor Tongdee, p 9 Ohmega1982, lzf, Bizroug, Poprotskiy Alexey, Flashon Studio, Anita Ponne, ZouZou, p 10 forest_strider, pavalena, Rainer Lesniewski, dalmingo, Moloko88, Olinchuk, Olinchuk, vasosh, pavalena, pavalena p 11 pavalena, Olinchuk, pavalena, pavalena p 15 Paul Matthew Photography, jcjgphotography, pkchai, arek_malang, p 16 SGM, Nadino, Hans Kim, PathDoc U2 p 17 hxdyl, p 18 bikeriderlondon, Levent Konuk, Monkey Business Images, kurhan, Goodluz, IRGOOFY, erwinova, hxdyl, wavebreakmedia, Pressmaster, p 19 VILevi, luchunyu, 06photo / Shutterstock.com, LI CHAOSHU, TonyV3112 / Shutterstock. com, Rudchenko Liliia, Robert Kneschke, p 20 Pete Spiro, Iriana Shiyan, Jeremy Reddington, 360b / Shutterstock.com, Pete Spiro, Ilya D. Gridnev, Lasse Kristensen, p 22 Anton_Ivanov, p 25 wavebreakmedia, Goodluz p 26 William Perugini, michaeljung, Alexander Raths, Dasha Petrenko U3 p 28 Konstantin Yolshin, p 29 Monkey Business Images, Andy Dean Photography, Monkey Business Images, szefei, CREATISTA, paul Prescott, Blend Images, p 30 racorn, Ami Parikh, RimDream, szefei, PathDoc, Andy Dean Photography, legenda, p 31 Selivanov / Shutterstock.com, inxti, photogerson, Rob Marmion, konstantin muchnik / Shutterstock.com, Rafael Croonen, prochasson Frederic, Rafael Croonen, Rafael Croonen, p 36 Ruslan Guzov, Jaren Jai Wicklund U4 p 38 Christian Mueller, p 39 Mega Pixel, canonzoom, nikkytok, nito, sager, Mariyana M, K. Miri Photography, Phant, Alexey Boldin, Silhouette Lover, p40 Christian Mueller, Konstantin L, Garsya, Loskutnikov, photka, Andreas G. Karelias, oxanaart, paffy, Ragnarock, LingHK, p 42 Olga Rosi, p 45 Torian, p 46 malven, Alivepix, johnfoto18, Volodymyr Krasyuk U5 p 47 Halfpoint, p 48 Djomas, Warren Goldswain, Brian A Jackson, takayuki, bikeriderlondon, Matthew Ennis, p 49 Warren Goldswain, dgmata, Artem Furman, wavebreakmedia, YanLev, Martin Novak, p 53 Tom Wang, p 54 Svitlana-ua, Hung Chung Chih, Kenneth Sponsler U6 p 56 ssguy, p 57 violetblue, Yuri Samsonov, BlueOrange Studio, Mindscape studio, Zurijeta, Lucky Business, p 58 wavebreakmedia, Dmitriy Karelin, OLJ Studio, imtmphoto, wavebreakmedia, Ollyy, p 59 Andrey_Popov, Alex Staroseltsev, Elnur, Smit, ThavornC, Adriano Castelli, p 62 Alexander Raths, Ollyy, Andrey_Popov, p 63 SunKids, l i g h t p o e t, bikeriderlondon, wavebreakmedia U7 p 65 LoloStock, p 66 lzf, carlo dapino, Mr Doomits, Dragon Images, Monkey Business Images, p 67 JJ pixs, auremar, M. Unal Ozmen, Milkovasa, pio3, p 68 vovan, p 69 Monkey Business Images, Lucky Business, Africa Studio, auremar, p74 Jaroslav Moravcik, Masson, p75 Arvind Balaraman, Lewis Tse Pui Lung, connel, Peter Bernik U8 p 76 melis, p 77 Jason Stitt, Marcel Jancovic, Diego Cervo, Kiselev Andrey Valerevich, maker, p 78 l i g h t p o e t, NotarYES, Sorbis, Dmitry Kalinovsky, tommaso lizzul, p 80 beornbjorn, p 83 bikeriderlondon, p 84 Iakov Filimonov, Max Topchii, Jeroen van den Broek, Monticello U9 p 85 Photographee.eu, p 86 merzzie, Igorsky, Blend Images, Iriana Shiyan, Monkey Business Images, Daria Filimonova, Pavel L Photo and Video, Serg Salivon, p 87 xavier gallego morel, KPG_Payless, Iakov Filimonov, limpid, Odua Images, Odua Images, Iakov Filimonov, Photographee.eu, p 92 ATGImages, p 93 leungchopan, Guas, Ammentorp Photography, oliveromg, p 94 Todd Klassy, Voyagerix, CWA Studios, Carlo Villa U10 p 95 thodonal88, p 96 Dmitry Pistrov, MaraZe,
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I love photo, Andrey_Popov, bikeriderlondon, Andrey_Popov p 97 Iriana Shiyan, Rudy Umans, Alexey Stiop, Dinga, improvise, photobank. ch, Tracy Whiteside, David Papazian, dreamerve, bikeriderlondon, p 101 dvoevnore, p 102 jocic, jason cox, Iriana Shiyan, gnohz U11 p 103 Ollyy, p 104 LoloStock, p 105 Sunny Forest, Tim UR, MaraZe, Dan Kosmayer, Iasha, p 106 Danny Smythe, Viktor1, Evgeny Karandaev, Nils Z, abimages, Svetlana Foote, Paul Cowan, Nattika, Stocksnapper, Ivaschenko Roman, Ronald Sumners, p 111 Syda Productions, p 112 Simone van den Berg U12 p 114 Konstantin Chagin, p 115 alfocome, akiyoko, aopsan, voljurij, Rob Byron, p 116 Markus Mainka, Madlen, Elena Larina, Yalcin Sonat, Steve Heap, B. and E. Dudzinscy, Konstantin Goldenberg, lsantilli, K. Miri Photography, JasonCPhoto, p120–121 Yuppy21, p 122 Pikoso.kz, p 123 wongwk, Tatiana Popova, Jo Ann Snover U13 p 125 zeljkodan, p 126 Sarah2, MSPhotographic, anandaBGD, successo images, p 127 Valentyn Volkov, Sea Wave, saurabhpbhoyar, Nitr, Stephen Mcsweeny, images. etc, 33333, papkin, Jacek Chabraszewski, Barnaby Chambers, p 131 Valentina Razumova, p 132 mangostock, Rommel Canlas, CandyBox Images U14 p 133 XiXinXing, p 135 Greg Kushmerek, KodyLittle, Richard Cavalleri, FocusDzign, mady70, p 136 Rainer Lesniewski, Globe Turner, Maxger, pavalena, American Spirit, Sean Pavone / Shutterstock. com, ChameleonsEye / Shutterstock.com, JuliusKielaitis / Shutterstock. com, Dinga, Perutskyi Petro, p 137 Joy Rector, Keith Gentry, Sean Pavone / Shutterstock.com, littleny / Shutterstock.com, Terry Straehley / Shutterstock.com, p 140 Family Business, p 141 Monkey Business Images / Shutterstock.com, p 142 baki, Iakov Filimonov, Malivan_Iuliia U15 p 144 oneinchpunch, p 145 Radu Bercan / Shutterstock.com, sevenke, HeliHead, Tupungato / Shutterstock.com, Alexander Chaikin, p 146 JaySi, maratr / Shutterstock.com, Scottt13, Amy Johansson, Olivier Le Queinec, Regien Paassen / Shutterstock.com, funkyfrogstock / Shutterstock.com, jorisvo, Dmitry Eagle Orlov, p 150 Alexander A.Trofimov, p 151 Jorge R. Gonzalez / Shutterstock.com, Steve Heap / Shutterstock.com, Rat007, pcruciatti / Shutterstock.com U16 p 153 Pablo Rogat, p 154 wavebreakmedia, Stuart Jenner, Stephen Cobur,n, CCat82, Phase4Studios,p 155 iodrakon, Prod-akszyn, arek_malang, Tyler Olson, Monkey Business Images, p 157 sculpies, p 159 Elnur, p 160 Samo Trebizan, ziggysofi / Shutterstock.com, Apples Eyes Studio, michaeljung U17 p 161 MitarArt, p 162 bikeriderlondon, Monkey Business Images, Pressmaster, Skydive Erick, MitarArt, p 163 Syda Productions, Will Hughes, Rasstock, Warren Goldswain, p 167 haveseen, p 168 AntonioDiaz, StockLite, oliveromg, Anastasiya Domnitch U18 p 169 Treenoot, p 170 Iriana Shiyan, Glovatskiy, Treenoot, imtmphoto, Eugene Sergeev, terekhov igor, rook76, Jakez, eAlisa, Vitaly Titov & Maria Sidelnikova, p 175 haraldmuc, p 176 Matt Valentine, PathDoc, auremar U19 p 178 William Perugini, p 179 kasiastock, bikeriderlondon, Ilona Ignatova, StockPhotoAstur, Rock and Wasp, Coffee Lover, p 180 ChiccoDodiFC, DVARG, StacieStauffSmith Photos, iCreative3D, dboystudio / Shutterstock.com, billdayone, gorillaimages, kirillov alexey, BlueOrange Studio, VICUSCHKA, p 181 leoks, Christo, Ivan Smuk, Maciej Czekajewski, Isa Fernandez Fernandez / Shutterstock. com, William Berry, p 186 Perati Komson, kropic1, Pyty, p 187 a katz / Shutterstock.com, michaeljung, Guido Amrein, Switzerland, Lukiyanova Natalia / frenta U20 p189 Kaponia Aliaksei, p 190 Pressmaster, Delices, Milind Arvind Ketkar, Tang Yan Song, Romiana Lee, p 191 kasiastock, Hamara, bikeriderlondon, LI CHAOSHU, SmileStudio, Armadillo Stock, ValeStock / Shutterstock.com, Richard Laschon, Richard Thornton / Shutterstock.com, Sean Locke Photography, p 195 Canadapanda / Shutterstock.com, Reika, Nathalie Speliers Ufermann, p 196 Lipik, sippakorn / Shutterstock.com, MJTH, Dubova
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