CONNECTED
B1
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
STUDENT BOOK
CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
CONNECTED is a six-level General English course taking young adult students from Beginner to Advanced levels (CEF: A1 to C1). The series contains engaging exercises presented in everyday contexts relevant to students’ own lives, motivating them to practice and retain new language. Each level contains 20 units which practice the four skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing) in addition to grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Beginner
A1
Elementary
A2
Pre-Intermediate
B1
Intermediate
B2
Upper-Intermediate
B2+
Advanced
C1
B1 PRE-INTERMEDIATE
The series features: • Broad themes to interest learners • Clean, colorful design for easy navigation • Personalized contexts to help consolidate understanding • Clear unit structure moving from key language points through receptive skills to productive skills
B1
PRE-INTERMEDIATE
Christopher Sol Cruz Connected level 3 cover.indd 1
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CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
B1
PRE-INTERMEDIATE Christopher Sol Cruz
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Knowledge Transmission Ltd Future Business Centre, Kings Hedges Rd, Cambridge, CB4 2HY, UK www.KnowledgeTransmission.com Š Knowledge Transmission Ltd 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Knowledge Transmission Ltd. First published 2015 ISBN: 978-0-9933274-2-1 Knowledge Transmission Ltd has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Introduction About this course This 600-hour course is aimed at students of General English at all stages of proficiency, and takes students all the way from Beginner to Advanced level. It is divided into six levels corresponding to the levels of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR): Beginner (A1), Elementary (A2), PreIntermediate (B1), Intermediate (B2), Upper-Intermediate (B2+), and Advanced (C1). The course design takes an integrated-skills approach. Each level of the course is divided into separate units, each of which covers all four skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing), as well as grammar and vocabulary. This integration of the four skills with language functions reflects real-life communication, and so prepares students to use English in the real world. Each unit has a broad, engaging theme, which motivates students by providing them with interesting topics about which to communicate purposefully. The acquisition of the language being presented allows students to engage with the themes in meaningful receptive and productive activities. All units contain elements of personalization, which is provided through production activities that encourage students to apply the language they have learned to their own personal contexts. This makes language relevant to students’ own lives, and serves to motivate and engage them further.
Unit structure Each unit includes • a vocabulary section that presents and practices the words and expressions needed for the unit • a dialogue that shows and tests the vocabulary in use and presents a grammar point in context • a pronunciation section that focuses on a key aspect of English pronunciation featured in the dialogue • a grammar explanation, followed by graded practice activities, that deals with the grammar point in detail • reading and listening activities that expand on the unit’s theme, practicing the grammar and vocabulary • speaking and writing activities that encourage personalization of the unit’s theme and give freer production of the language.
About the author Christopher Sol Cruz has been involved in the field of English language instruction and materials writing since 1988. He is the co-author of the Pearson primary EFL series Big English, and has written and developed numerous English learning materials for a variety of age groups in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and the US. In addition to writing, Sol Cruz has given academic presentations and run teacher professional development workshops around the world, and is an avid language learner. Introduction
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Contents Introduction 3 Unit
1
Unit
2
Unit
3
Unit
4
Unit
5
Unit
6
Unit
7
Unit
8
Unit
9
Unit
10
Topic
Things I’m into
Topic
A day out
Topic
Vocabulary Hobbies and interests coaching a kids’ soccer team, playing badminton, boring, difficult, exciting Grammar Simple present and present continuous review Stative verbs I’m doing yoga. I usually do yoga on Mondays. The lecture sounds boring. Vocabulary Phrases about what to take on outings take an umbrella, wear comfortable shoes, bring bug repellent Grammar Zero conditional with if, when, and unless When I go to the beach, I take sunscreen. If you take the bus, take a book with you. Vocabulary
Phrases about adventurous vacations and activities go horseback riding, fall and break an arm, get a sunburn Good vacation, bad Grammar vacation
Topic
In the old days
Topic
Have you ever?
Topic
My resumé
Topic
My bucket list
Topic
Late again
Topic
Weekend plans
Topic
What would you do?
Clauses with before, after, while, and when Past continuous and simple past review I bought new boots before I went hiking. What were you doing last night at 9:00pm? What did you do last night? Vocabulary Activities from the past go to drive-in movies, listen to records, look things up in an encyclopedia Grammar Habitual actions in the past with used to When I was a kid, I used to play hide and seek with my cousins.
Vocabulary Phrases describing dangerous or adventurous activities drive a race car, give a speech, ride a roller coaster Grammar Present perfect with ever and never Have you ever eaten an insect? I’ve never eaten an insect. Vocabulary Job interviews, resumés, and personal qualities volunteer with a community group, organize events, write articles for a blog hardworking, creative, organized Grammar Present perfect with for and since I’ve studied English for ten years. We’ve worked part-time at the library since high school. Vocabulary Words and phrases to use when making a bucket list appear in a movie, meet a famous athlete, ride a camel Grammar Present perfect with already and yet I’ve already appeared in a movie. I haven’t driven a race car yet. Vocabulary Words for situations where something has caused a delay or a miscommunication have a cold, stuck in traffic Grammar Modals for speculating (in the present): may, might, must, could They must be on their way. She might be lost. Vocabulary Words and expressions to describe common weekend activities finish my assignment for school, finish my errands, finish my chores at home Grammar First conditional with may, might, could, and will probably If the Internet is down at the coffee shop, I’ll probably go to the library. Vocabulary Words and phrases to express things lost, forgotten, broken or stolen leave my bag on the train, forget my father’s birthday, break my MP3 player Grammar Second conditional with would: questions and statements What would you do if you found a wallet? I’d return it.
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Dialogue Talking about running and tai chi
Pronunciation Linking sounds
Reading Old hobbies, new people
Listening People talk about their hobbies, why they enjoy them Pronunciation Intonation on first and second clauses Listening Friends making plans to meet and go somewhere fun
Dialogue Talking about going to an amusement park Reading Twelve simple rules to live by
Page 8 Speaking Talking about your hobby
Page 16 Speaking Talking about making plans to go on an outing
Dialogue Texting about a rock climbing and whitewater rafting vacation
Pronunciation Intonation and stress to express surprise or concern
Reading The problem vacation
Listening Three people talk about their recent vacations
Dialogue Two friends talk about how much TV, phones, and movies have changed over time
Pronunciation Reduction of used to
Reading Music, then and now
Listening Three people talk about how they used to listen to music, look up information, and watch movies Pronunciation Reduction of have you, has he/she Listening Four people talk about daring, adventurous activities, jobs, sports that they’ve experienced Pronunciation Reduction of sounds in numbers
Speaking Talking about something you used to do that you don’t do now
Listening Four young adults, recently out of college, talk about their qualifications during a job interview Pronunciation Syllable stress in longer words
Speaking Talking about why you are qualified for a position that interests you
Dialogue Discussing adventurous activities Reading Daring work Dialogue A young person is discussing a job application and his qualifications with a friend Reading Interview don’ts Dialogue A young man and his mother talk about items for a bucket list Reading Kicking the bucket
Writing Writing advice, listing rules for what to do in certain situations Page 24
Speaking Writing Talking about a recent vacation, Writing about losing something what went well, what went badly Page 33 Writing Writing about the differences between your life and your parents’ or grandparents’ lives Page 41 Speaking Talking about adventurous things you’ve done and some you’d like to try
Writing Writing about being adventurous or not Page 50 Writing Writing about a dream job Page 59
Listening Four young people talk about what they have already accomplished and what they haven’t done yet Dialogue Pronunciation A young man and woman speculate about the Reduction at the end of might, must, reasons why their friend is late meeting them could Reading Listening How late is late? Four people in different scenarios speculate about why someone is late meeting them Dialogue Pronunciation Talking about weekend plans Emphasis of words to stress probability
Speaking Talking about what is on your bucket list
Reading But it’s cold outside
Listening Four people talk about their weekend plans and what might change them
Speaking Talking about your weekend plans and what might cause you to change them
Dialogue Two friends talk about what they would do if their MP3 player was stolen or broken Reading Do you believe in karma?
Pronunciation Pausing between clauses Listening Four people talk about what they would do if facing a moral or ethical dilemma
Writing Writing about a hobby you’d like to try
Writing Writing about a few things that you have already accomplished Page 67
Speaking Speculating about why someone is late meeting you
Writing Writing about what you think you might do in the future Page 76 Writing Writing about what you will do tomorrow using if x, then y sentence constructions Page 84
Speaking Talking about what you would do if facing a moral or ethical dilemma
Writing What would you do if you won the lottery?
Contents
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Unit
11 Unit
12 Unit
13 Unit
14 Unit
15 Unit
16 Unit
17 Unit
18 Unit
19
Topic
Vocabulary Words and phrases that relate to travel planning get a passport, book your flights, buy a guide book Grammar Modals for necessity and recommendation: must, have to, ought to, should You shouldn’t book your flights now. You ought to wait a few weeks. Topic Vocabulary Phrasal verbs for describing a busy day Busy day call back, look up, put on, throw away Grammar Separable phrasal verbs Did you drop off the package at your office? Yes, I dropped it off before I went to the airport. Topic Vocabulary Factors influencing health Healthy eating fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, reducing stress habits Grammar Gerunds as subjects or objects Eating fruits and vegetables is good for you. My problem is eating a lot of fried foods. Topic Vocabulary Adjectives to describe movies and feelings Nouns that relate to movies An amazing bored, boring, confused, confusing acting, story, director, special effects movie Grammar Participial adjectives ending in -ed/-ing It was boring. I was bored. Topic Vocabulary Polite requests in travel/hospitality Good lower the shade, put your bag in the overhead compartment, give me a receipt manners Grammar Will for promises and commitments Requests with can, could, and would I’ll be back. Could you please …? Would you like me to …? Topic Vocabulary Describing your favorite places quiet, convenient, relaxing, touristy Favorite Grammar places Comparatives with as…as + adjective Comparatives and superlatives review Kyoto is as humid as Bangkok in the summer. The subway is more convenient than the bus. The seafood here isn’t as fresh as the seafood at the other This is the most traditional hotel in the city. restaurant. Topic Vocabulary Food choices Food and diet protein, fat, calories Grammar More/less/fewer + noun Too much/many, not much/many, (not) enough + noun You should use more olive oil in your cooking. I probably eat too much fried food and not enough vegetables. Topic Vocabulary Proverbs My Old habits die hard. grandfather Practice makes perfect. always Grammar says… Direct speech She asked me, “What does that mean?”
Travel planning
Topic
Vocabulary
I couldn’t live Everyday technology update my profile, use social media, put it in my calendar without my Grammar phone Compound words with some, any, every, and no someone, anyone, everyone, nobody
Unit
20
Topic
I have five patients to see
Vocabulary Work obligations wipe tables, grade tests, deliver boxes Grammar Noun phrase + infinitive to express necessity I have four more rooms to paint today. She has 60 tests to grade this weekend.
Answer key 181 Acknowledgements 191
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Dialogue A student gives a friend advice on how to prepare for a trip Reading To adventure!
Pronunciation Word stress in compound nouns
Dialogue Two work colleagues talk during a busy day
Pronunciation Three-letter consonant blends
Reading Multitasking: reality or myth?
Listening Four people talk about busy work situations
Dialogue Two friends run into each other at the gym and discuss healthy habits and behaviors Reading An apple a day keeps the doctor away
Pronunciation Different ways to pronounce vowel combinations Listening Four people discuss making healthy decisions or changes
Dialogue Two friends disagree about a movie they have just seen Reading Have you seen that movie?
Pronunciation Contrastive stress
Dialogue A conversation between a young man and an elderly lady boarding an airplane Reading The golden days of flying
Pronunciation Reduction of do you/would you/ could you Listening Speaking Four short dialogues with people making Using photo prompts to polite requests imagine a request that matches the situation Pronunciation Reduction of /t/ Listening Speaking People describing a favorite place they Talking about a place you like like to visit to visit
Dialogue People talking about their favorite places Reading Dangerous vacations
Listening Speaking Three people give a friend advice on how Talking about a future vacation to prepare for her trip to Turkey or travel plan
Listening Four people give their opinion about movies they have seen
Dialogue People discussing their diet Reading Dieting
Pronunciation r-controlled vowels Listening People talking about their diet
Dialogue Two people talk about not making quick judgments
Pronunciation Pronouncing ask, asks, asked
Reading So the saying goes
Listening Four people remember some proverbs that helped them in the past
Dialogue Two people talk about and compare how they use their cell phones and social media Reading Technology
Pronunciation ci and ti as /ʃ/
Dialogue Two people commiserate about how busy they are Reading Working hard
Page 92 Writing Writing an email to give advice to a friend who is about to visit your country for the first time Page 101 Speaking Talking about a busy day
Writing Writing about all the chores you could take care of in one weekend Page 110
Speaking Talking about one of your healthy or unhealthy habits
Writing Talking about a new healthy habit or a habit you’d like to change Page 118
Speaking Writing Talking about a movie you have Writing about a movie you seen and what you think of it didn’t like Page 128 Writing Writing to someone you know who needs help and offering assistance Page 138 Writing Writing about a place you do not like visiting Page 147 Speaking Talking about your diet
Writing Writing about typical food in your country Page 155
Speaking Talking about a family member or friend who used to refer to a helpful proverb
Writing Writing about a proverb and whether you agree with it Page 164
Listening Four people talk about how they use their cell phones, laptops, and tablets for their work or for leisure Pronunciation Intonation for commiserating
Speaking Talking about how you and the people around you use technology
Listening Four people talk about their busy schedules and things they have to do
Speaking Talking about the things you have to get done before the end of the week
Writing Writing predictions about how technology may change in your lifetime Page 173 Writing Writing about what you have to do to prepare for an event that’s on your calendar
Contents
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4
In the
old days
Unit Goals In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Activities from the past Dialogue Two friends talk about how much TV, phones, and movies have changed over time Pronunciation Reduction of used to Grammar Habitual actions in the past with used to Reading Music, then and now Listening Three people talk about how they used to listen to music, look up information, and watch movies Speaking Talking about something you used to do that you don’t do now Writing Writing about the differences between your life and your parents’ or grandparents’ lives In the old days
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4.1 Vocabulary 1 Audio 21
Read and listen to the words.
dial a rotary phone go to drive-in movies go to a video game arcade have only three TV channels listen to records look things up in an encyclopedia play hide-and-seek play music on cassettes rent videotapes use a card catalog at the library watch cartoons write letters to pen pals
Vocabulary 2 Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1 My mother used to
in other countries.
a play hide-and-seek b rent videotapes c write letters to pen pals 2 My parents used to
every weekend.
a rent videotapes b write letters to pen pals c go to drive-in movies 3 People used to a play music on cassettes 4 They used to
to find information. b use a card catalog at the library after dark.
a play music on cassettes b go to drive-in movies 5 My sister and I used to
c rent videotapes
when we were little.
c use a card catalog at the library
a play hide-and-seek b rent videotapes c write letters to pen pals 6 My grandmother used to
. She made mixtapes with her favorite songs.
a rent videotapes b play music on cassettes c write letters to pen pals
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1
2
3
4
5
6
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4 Vocabulary 3 Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1 We used to
when we wanted to talk to someone.
a dial a phone number c listen to records
b go to a video game arcade
2 When he was a kid, he used to a go to a video game arcade c watch cartoons
every Saturday. b have only three TV channels
3 Back then, everyone used to a watch cartoons c listen to records 4 My brother used to a dial a phone number c listen to records 5 At school, students used to
. b look up things in an encyclopedia every morning before breakfast. b watch cartoons .
b have only three TV channels a watch cartoons c look things up in an encyclopedia 6 In the old days, people used to a go to a video game arcade c listen to records
. b only have three TV channels
1
2
3
4
5
6
In the old days
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Vocabulary 4 Audio 22
Listen.Then practice saying these sentences.
1 My mother used to write letters to pen pals in other countries. 2 My parents used to rent videotapes every weekend. 3 People used to use a card catalog at the library to find information. 4 They used to go to drive-in movies after dark. 5 My sister and I used to play hide-and-seek when we were little. 6 My grandmother used to play music on cassettes. She made mixtapes with her favorite songs. 7 We used to dial a rotary phone when we wanted to talk to someone. 8 When he was a kid, he used to go to a video game arcade every Saturday. 9 Back then, everyone used to listen to records. 10 My brother used to watch cartoons every morning before breakfast. 11 At school, students used to look things up in an encyclopedia. 12 In the old days, people used to have only three TV channels.
4.2 Dialogue 1 Audio 23
Read and listen to the dialogue.
Hugo and Ana are looking at Hugo’s family photo album. Ana Hugo Ana Hugo
I love looking at old photos! Look at this old TV. It’s my grandparents’. Oh, wow. They didn’t use to have hundreds of channels like today. They used to have only three TV channels, and I used to watch cartoons on that TV. Ana Did your grandparents use to go to the drive-in movies? Hugo Yes. They didn’t have big theaters, and they used to look things up in an encyclopedia. Ana There wasn’t any Internet like today. Hugo That’s for sure. Look at their phone in this photo. They used to have this big rotary phone. Ana No cell phones. No texting. Hugo Our grandparents really used to live a simple life. Ana Our grandparents really used to live a boring life!
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4 Dialogue 2 Choose the correct answers. 1 How many TV channels did their grandparents use to have? a 33
b 3
2 Where did their grandparents use to watch movies? a in big theaters
b in drive-ins
3 Which type of phone did their grandparents use to have? a rotary
b cell
Dialogue 3 Practice reading the dialogue aloud with a partner.
4.3 Pronunciation Reduction of used to Audio 24
Listen. Then practice saying the sentences.
/juzd tu/ ➡ /justə/ I used to play with my cousins. We used to have only three channels. He used to rent videotapes. They used to go to drive-in movies. She used to write letters to pen pals. You used to use a card catalog.
4.4 Grammar 1 Habitual actions in the past with used to Audio 25
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
When I was a kid, I used to play hide and seek with my cousins. We used to have only three TV channels, but nowadays we have over 500. I didn’t use to like most vegetables, but I eat them all the time now. Did your grandparents use to have a black-and-white TV? What TV shows did they use to watch?
In the old days
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Grammar 2 Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 I [use to / uses to / used to / use] play video games all the time. 2 John didn’t [uses to / use to / used to / use] play golf. 3 Tomoko [didn’t use to / use to / has / was] eat vegetables when she was young. 4 They didn’t [use to / uses to / used to / use] watch TV. 5 What [did / do / are / have] you use to do with your friends? 6 Did they [used to / use / used / use to] go to drive-in movies?
Grammar 3 Use used to with the verbs in the box to complete the dialogue. watch live (x2) look have (x2) go not have Ana Hugo Ana Hugo
I love looking at old photos! Look at this old TV. It’s my grandparents’. hundreds of channels like today. Oh, wow. They 1 2 only three TV channels, and I They 3 cartoons on that TV. to the drive-in movies? Ana Did your grandparents 4 5 things up Hugo Yes. They didn’t have big theaters, and they in an encyclopedia. Ana There wasn’t any Internet like today. Hugo That’s for sure. Look at their phone in this photo. They 6 this big rotary phone. Ana No cell phones. No texting. a simple life. Hugo Our grandparents really 7 8 a boring life! Ana Our grandparents really
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4 4.5 Reading Read the article. Then look at the items below. Choose ‘Then’ or ‘Now’ for the type of music technology.
Today, it is easy to get music. If you hear a song on the radio you can use an app to find out the name of the song. You can download music any time. You can buy one song instead of buying the whole album. You used to have to buy a whole CD or cassette if you wanted to have any of the songs on that album. This new way of buying music has changed the music business. Artists used to make more money. People would buy the whole album. They would get part of the money. Now people buy just one song for less money. Sometimes people download songs without paying for them, which is illegal. It used to be harder for people to get music without paying for it. Now people can get it off of the Internet or trade with their friends. It used to be harder to carry music around. All of the music was on CDs or cassettes. You needed special players if you wanted to bring your music with you. Now music players that fit in your pocket hold a lot of music. The way we buy and listen to music has changed a lot, but we should try to make sure that artists get paid if we want them to keep making music that we love.
1 CD player
Then / Now
2 MP3 player
Then / Now
3 Cassette tapes
Then / Now
4 Downloading music
Then / Now
5 Cassette player
Then / Now In the old days
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4.6 Listening Audio 26
Listen. Write the phrases in the correct place.
used to rent DVDs from a video store downloads movies onto a computer downloads music onto a mobile phone searches for information online used to look up information in an encyclopedia used to listen to vinyl records 1 Rufus
1
2 Katia 2
3
3 Hugo
4.7 Speaking Practice asking and answering the question with a partner. • What did you use to do when you were younger that you don’t do now?
4.8 Writing How does your life now compare to your parents’ or grandparents’ lives when they were your age? Write about the differences in cities, houses, cars, television, sports, or other recreational activities. Follow the example. Then show your writing to a partner or your teacher for feedback. Today, we have cell phones. My grandparents didn’t even have a phone at home when they were younger. My Mom told me about pay phones. I’ve never even seen a pay phone.
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Unit 4 4.1 Vocabulary 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
c a b b a b
Vocabulary 3 1 2 3 4 5 6
a a c b c b
4.2 Dialogue 2
4.5 Reading 1 2 3 4 5
Then Now Then Now Then
4.6 Listening 1 Rufus: used to listen to vinyl records; downloads music onto a mobile phone 2 Katia: used to look up information in an encyclopedia; searches for information online 3 Hugo: used to rent DVDs from a video store; downloads movies onto a computer
1 b 2 b 3 a
4.4 Grammar 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
used to use to didn’t use to use to did use to
Grammar 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
182
didn’t use to have used to have used to watch use to go used to look used to have used to live used to live
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Acknowledgements The publishers wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce images. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright materials. The publishers will gladly receive any information enabling them to rectify any error or omission at the first opportunity. Cover Getty Images / Robert Daly All images are from Shutterstock.com unless otherwise stated: U1 p 8 Steve Scott, p 9 Blend Images, Kuzma, Oleg Mikhaylov, Mikael Damkier, Vladimir Mucibabic, joyfull, Andrey 69, Monkey Business Images, Milkovasa, l I g h t p o e t, p 10 Ed Berlen, FCG, Egon NYC, Dirima, Apples Eyes Studio, Pavel Lysenko, auremar, bikeriderlondon, p 14 SBremer, p 15 aslysun, dragon_fang, michaeljung U2 p 16 filmfoto, p 17 nando viciano, icyimage, Wassana Mathipikhai, Olesia Bilkei, Esterio, p 18 ronfromyork, ARENA creative, Gemenacom, mimagephotography, Mila Supinskaya, Vidux, bikeriderlondon, p 22 afotoshop, p 23 Venus Angel, Alan Poulson Photography, imagedb.com, Monika Wisniewska U3 p 24 svariophoto, p 25 Rich Carey, mooinblack, Ipatov, Ammit Jack, Wallenrock, Guy Shapira, Gerald Marella, Ammit Jack, Photobac, bikeriderlondon, p 26 Elena Kapitonova, Cuson, Shaiith, defotoberg, Greg Epperson, p 26 Jeka, p 28 Litvinova Olga, p 30 romakoma, p 31 Ljupco Smokovski, AXL, Lisa S. U4 p 33 iravgustin, p 34 Kudryashka, Borodaev, Andrey_Kuzmin, Everett Collection, bikeriderlondon, dubassy, p 35 LoloStock, s_bukley, LoloStock, Ivan Josifovic, Filip Fuxa, vita khorzhevska, p 38 Everett Collection, p 39 Pokomeda, p 40 Andresr, Gelpi JM, Damir Huskic U5 p 41 chinahbzyg, p 42 TheFinalMiracle, alphaspirit, D. Kucharski K. Kucharska, Germanskydiver, Stuart Jenner, p 43 solarseven, pistolseven, Oskar SCHULER, Phase4Studios, SIHASAKPRACHUM, p 47 Germanskydiver, MaxFX, Todd Shoemake, p 48 Rob Byron, Kokhanchikov, Germanskydiver, Greg Epperson U6 p 50 Gonzalo Aragon, p 51 Tyler Olson, Charlie Edward, Monkey Business Images, CHEN WS, jdwfoto, Karuka, Matt Apps, i359702, p 52 Blend Images, Peter Bernik, Andresr, Brian A Jackson, Andresr, p 56 StockLite, p 57 JPC-PROD, takayuki, szefei, Rob Marmion U7 p 59 topseller, p 60 Alexander Trinitatov, Algefoto, Kuznetcov_Konstantin, lev radin, attem, bikeriderlondon, dotshock, jennyt, Pi-Lens, Marcio Jose Bastos Silva, p 64 Goodluz, bikeriderlondon, p 65 Jakub Cejpek, Jari Hindstroem, Tracy Whiteside, wavebreakmedia U8 p 67 ambrozinio, p 68 Kenneth Man, TijanaM, Radharani, ludmilafoto, Lipowski Milan, wavebreakmedia, p 69 planet5D LLC, Michael Pettigrew, wong yu liang, Andrey Burmakin, Peter Bernik, p 71 wavebreakmedia, p 73 STILLFX, p 74 Lewis Tse Pui Lung, michaeljung, maradonna 8888, Blend Images, U9 p 76 Shots Studio, p 77 dotshock, Steve Lovegrove, Gunnar Pippel, Pressmaster, Tyler Olson, p 78 Goodluz, Monkey Business Images, Ramona Heim, Blend Images, Creativa
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Images, p 81 mrkornflakes, p 82 Dima Fadeev, David Gilder, wizdata1, bikeriderlondon U10 p 84 Monkey Business Images, p 85 Axel Bueckert, Myimagine, sunabesyou, toocanimages, Ollyy, p 86 Gemenacom, Photographee.eu, Dmitry Kalinovsky, Amir Ridhwan, mangojuicy, p 88 Sean Locke Photography, p 89 Sean Locke Photography, p 90 Image Point Fr, p 91 tommaso79, antoniodiaz, PathDoc, spaxiax U11 p 92 Marie C Fields, p 93 Alfredo Ragazzoni, Bohbeh, Rob Pitman, Avella, Kekyalyaynen, p 94 MA8, Chiyacat, Angela Waye, Aptyp_koK, FooTToo, p 98 Idan Ben Haim, Vadim Petrakov, rj lerich, p 99 Lucky Business, Stephen Coburn, Monticello, evastudio U12 p 101 Rawpixel , p 102 Monkey Business Images, diplomedia, Alan Poulson Photography, kazoka, Valentin Sauts, p 103 stockyimages, studioVin, Jenny Sturm, Pixsooz, Lasse Kristensen, p 107 prudkov, p 108 Tyler Olson, michaeljung, bikeriderlondon, Bohbeh U13 p 110 bikeriderlondon, p 111 Adisa, Creativa Images, Ollyy, takayuki, BlueSkyImage, p 112 Peter Bernik, phloem, Blend Images, racorn, bikeriderlondon, p 114 Alena Haurylik, p 115 Alena Haurylik, p 116 Matthew Benoit, p 117 StudioFI, Gelpi JM, elwynn, Djomas U14 p 118 LuckyImages, p 119 CREATISTA, Arman Zhenikeyev, Anna_Lee, BlueSkyImage, wavebreakmedia, p 120 PathDoc, Maksim Shirkov, Ikonoklast Fotografie, Nejron Photo, BlueSkyImage, p 121 Neil Lang, agsandrew, View Apart, LeviQ, Djomas, p 125 Peter Bernik, ProStockStudio, Ijansempoi, p 126 Danie Nel, Kzenon, g-stockstudio, Rehan Qureshi U15 p 128 Kzenon, p 129 Kaziyeva-Dem’yanenko Svitlana, CREATISTA, fotum, michaeljung, CandyBox, p 130 Ljupco Smokovski, Robert Kneschke, auremar, gpointstudio, CandyBox Images, p 133 Monkey Business Images, p 135 momente, p 136 Ikonoklast Fotografie, Andresr, baki, p 137 Robert Kneschke, Anton Gvozdikov, sunabesyou U16 p 138 Halfpoint, p 139 Warren Goldswain, Adisa Galyna Andrushko, anshar, S.Borisov, p 140 Ricardo Canino, Balu, MACHKAZU, BMJ, Luciano Mortula, p 143 kosmos111, p 144 pio3, p 145 Gerardo Borbolla, hin255, SNEHIT, Leonard Zhukovsky U17 p 147 Krzysztof Slusarczyk , p 148 svry, bitt24, MSPhotographic, Africa Studio, FomaA, le pur photography, Arina P Habich, Valentyn Volkov, Volosina, Jacek Chabraszewski, p 152 Ivonne Wierink, p 153 Photographee.eu, Captain Yeo, mikeledray, Lana K U18 p 155 Monkey Business Images, p 156 Roger costa morera, Ardely, eurobanks, Melkor3D, Zhukov Oleg, Shawn Hempel, cbpix, Sergey Furtaev, p 160 bikeriderlondon, Monkey Business Images, Andresr, p 161 Rob McKay, p 162 michaeljung, Jinga, Minerva Studio, wong sze yuen U19 p 164 Rohappy, p 165 Andrey_Popov, Tyler Olson, MJTH, camilla$$, Diego Cervo, p 166 avarand, rvlsoft, Gianluca Rasile, Andresr, Bobboz, p 170 LDprod, p 171 Monkey Business Images, Yeko Photo Studio, lzf, Roi Brooks U20 p 173 XiXinXing, p 174 Lisa F. Young, Dmitry Kalinovsky, wavebreakmedia, michaeljung, Stuart Jenner, bikeriderlondon, racorn, ruzanna, Blend Images, 1000 Words, p 178 Ljupco Smokovski, p 179 Antonio Guillem, DJTaylor, AleksandrN, Diego Cervo
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