CONNECTED
A2 A2 ELEMENTARY
STUDENT BOOK
STUDENT BOOK
ELEMENTARY
CONNECTED
CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
CONNECTED is a six-level General English course taking young adult students from Beginner to Advanced levels (CEF: A1 to C1). The series contains engaging exercises presented in everyday contexts relevant to students’ own lives, motivating them to practice and retain new language. Each level contains 20 units which practice the four skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing) in addition to grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Beginner
A1
Elementary
A2
Pre-Intermediate
B1
Intermediate
B2
Upper-Intermediate Advanced
B2+ C1
A2 ELEMENTARY
The series features: • Broad themes to interest learners • Clean, colorful design for easy navigation • Personalized contexts to help consolidate understanding • Clear unit structure moving from key language points through receptive skills to productive skills
A2
ELEMENTARY
Christopher Sol Cruz Connected level 2 cover.indd 2
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CONNECTED STUDENT BOOK
A2
ELEMENTARY Christopher Sol Cruz
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Knowledge Transmission Ltd Future Business Centre, Kings Hedges Rd, Cambridge, CB4 2HY, UK www.KnowledgeTransmission.com Š Knowledge Transmission Ltd 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Knowledge Transmission Ltd. First published 2015 ISBN: 978-0-9933274-1-4 Knowledge Transmission Ltd has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Introduction About this course This 600-hour course is aimed at students of General English at all stages of proficiency, and takes students all the way from Beginner to Advanced level. It is divided into six levels corresponding to the levels of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR): Beginner (A1), Elementary (A2), PreIntermediate (B1), Intermediate (B2), Upper-Intermediate (B2+), and Advanced (C1). The course design takes an integrated-skills approach. Each level of the course is divided into separate units, each of which covers all four skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing), as well as grammar and vocabulary. This integration of the four skills with language functions reflects real-life communication, and so prepares students to use English in the real world. Each unit has a broad, engaging theme, which motivates students by providing them with interesting topics about which to communicate purposefully. The acquisition of the language being presented allows students to engage with the themes in meaningful receptive and productive activities. All units contain elements of personalization, which is provided through production activities that encourage students to apply the language they have learned to their own personal contexts. This makes language relevant to students’ own lives, and serves to motivate and engage them further.
Unit structure Each unit includes • a vocabulary section that presents and practices the words and expressions needed for the unit • a dialogue that shows and tests the vocabulary in use and presents a grammar point in context • a pronunciation section that focuses on a key aspect of English pronunciation featured in the dialogue • a grammar explanation, followed by graded practice activities, that deals with the grammar point in detail • reading and listening activities that expand on the unit’s theme, practicing the grammar and vocabulary • speaking and writing activities that encourage personalization of the unit’s theme and give freer production of the language.
About the author Christopher Sol Cruz has been involved in the field of English language instruction and materials writing since 1988. He is the co-author of the Pearson primary EFL series Big English, and has written and developed numerous English learning materials for a variety of age groups in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and the US. In addition to writing, Sol Cruz has given academic presentations and run teacher professional development workshops around the world, and is an avid language learner. Introduction
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Contents Introduction 3 Unit
1
Unit
2
Topic
Describing appearance and personality
Unit
3
Topic
Things I like
Unit
4
Topic
Indoors and outdoors
Unit
5
Topic
Movies
Unit
6
Topic
Music
Unit
7
Topic
Groceries
Vocabulary Personal phrases live at home, share an apartment, single, married Grammar Simple present review Yes/no questions and short answers Do you live downtown? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Simple present of wh- questions: personal information answers Who do you live with? I live with my brother. Vocabulary Personal descriptions straight hair, wavy hair, shy, smart Grammar Adjectives for describing appearance and personality What is Sara like? She’s friendly. Negative questions for confirming something Doesn’t Sara wear glasses? No, she doesn’t. Vocabulary Hobbies and interests do karate, go hiking, play soccer, work out Grammar Verb + infinitive and gerund with like, love, enjoy I like to play basketball. I like playing basketball. Vocabulary Weather/temperature words hot, warm, cool, cold Indoor/outdoor activities bake cookies, cook on the grill, do some gardening, do some home repairs Grammar Would like + infinitive What would you like to do?
Vocabulary Types of movies action, animated, comedy Adjectives to describe movies exciting, scary, boring Grammar Adverbs of intensity very, really, so, a little, kind of, extremely Vocabulary Music types classical, rock, hip-hop How people listen to music online, MP3 players, CDs Grammar Quantifiers (almost) all (of the), most (of the), a lot of (the), some (of the), a few (of the), (almost) none of + noun Vocabulary Food/drinks/groceries cereal, butter, orange juice Grammar Questions with How many/much Count and non-count nouns with many, a lot, a few, a little
Unit
8
Topic
Getting a job
Unit
9
Topic
This weekend
Unit
10
4
Topic
Personal information
Topic
Vacation time
Vocabulary Interview terms work in a group, work alone, speak English Grammar Questions with how + adverbs (often/far/well/fast) How often do you use social networking sites? Questions with know how + infinitive Do you know how to use this software? Vocabulary Weekend activities sing karaoke, spend time online, go dancing Grammar Present continuous review: questions and statements What are you doing right now? I’m watching TV. Future with present continuous We’re having a party next Saturday. Vocabulary Types of vacations go on a cruise of the Greek islands, go backpacking in Nepal, swim with dolphins in Hawaii Grammar Possibility with may and might I might go on a group tour to Japan. She may go to Vancouver, Canada.
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Dialogue Meeting people Reading Moving back home
Pronunciation Question intonation Listening Self introductions
Dialogue Describing someone to a friend Reading Identical problems
Pronunciation Contrastive stress Listening People describing people they know
Dialogue Discovering common interests Reading Hobbies
Pronunciation Reduction of to Listening Speaking People talking about things they like to do Describing what you like to in their free time do in your free time Pronunciation Reduction of would you
Writing Comparing your hobbies with someone else’s
Listening People talking about activities with the weather
Writing Writing a message inviting a friend to do something
Dialogue Inviting someone to do something and setting a time/date to meet Reading Freezing fun
Dialogue Three people discussing what type of movie they want to watch Reading Love movies? Dialogue Friends discussing music Reading Musical habits Dialogue Two people discussing their shopping list Reading Superfoods are super good for you
Page 8 Speaking Introducing yourself to new people
Writing Writing about a friend or family member Page 17
Speaking Describing your appearance and personality
Speaking Talking about the weather today
Writing Describing a family member or friend Page 27
Page 35
Pronunciation Emphatic stress for intensifiers
Page 43
Listening Speaking People talking about their favorite and Talking about your favorite least favorite movies movie Pronunciation Reduction of of in quantifying expressions
Writing Writing a review about the most recent movie you saw
Listening People talking about their favorite music and how they listen to it Pronunciation Reduction of /t/ before unstressed syllables Listening People talking about what they normally eat every week
Writing Writing about how different people listen to music
Dialogue A job interview Reading Things you need to know to get a job
Pronunciation R-controlled vowels Listening People talking about their abilities
Dialogue Making weekend plans Reading Social media and being social
Pronunciation Final -ing Listening People talking about their plans for the weekend
Dialogue Two people talking about potential vacation plans Reading Fun in the sun
Pronunciation W-glide between words Listening People talking about plans for their next big vacation
Speaking Talking about your favorite music
Page 52
Page 61 Speaking Talking about what you eat/ drink every week
Writing Writing about your favorite dish that you like to make at home Page 71
Speaking Talking about what makes you a good student or employee
Writing Writing about what makes you a good job candidate Page 80
Speaking Talking about your plans for this weekend
Writing Writing about your family’s plans for the weekend Page 89
Speaking Talking about plans for your next vacation
Writing Writing about your plans for the upcoming weekend
Contents
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Unit
11 Unit
12 Unit
13 Unit
14
Topic
Feeling awful
Topic
Obligations
Vocabulary Health problems have a cold, have the flu, feel nauseated Parts of the body head, arms, feet Grammar Giving advice with should/shouldn’t: You shouldn’t go to work. You should stay home and rest. Vocabulary Chores/errands take the dog for a walk, pay bills, finish my homework Grammar Have to for obligation I have to finish my homework.
Topic
Daily activities
Topic
Education
Vocabulary Workplace verbs email, finish, start Grammar Simple past: regular verbs – yes/no questions and short answers Did you talk to your sister? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Simple past: regular verbs – statements and ago It started ten minutes ago. Vocabulary Majors biology, computer science, economics Milestones graduate from university, look for a job, study abroad Grammar
Technology
Past continuous I was watching TV last night. Before, after, while, when While I was studying for my final exams, I fell asleep. After I graduated from university, I returned to my hometown. Vocabulary Describing gadgets smartphone, music player, laptop light, powerful, expensive
Unit
Topic
Grammar Comparative adjectives with -er His smartphone is lighter than mine. Comparative adjectives with more These speakers are more powerful than the speakers in the other store, but they’re more expensive, too. Vocabulary
16
The best sights
Unit
15
Unit
17 Unit
18 Unit
19 Unit
20
Topic
Topic
How does it look?
Topic
Tourist attractions historic district, market, bridge Grammar Superlative adjectives with -est The historic district is the oldest part of the city. Superlative adjectives with the most The Statue of Liberty is one of the most popular tourist attractions in New York City. Vocabulary Clothing shirt, pants, shoes tight, loose, formal, casual Grammar Adjectives with adverbs of degree: (not) very, (not) enough and too I like these pants, but they are too small. Order of adjectives a small black bag Vocabulary
How I got here Biography be born, go to college, get married Grammar Because and so I went to Central University because it was near my parents’ home. I retired in 2010, so I spend a lot of time with my grandchildren now. Topic Vocabulary Personal goals Personal goals save money to buy a car, study harder to get better grades, take lessons to learn how to swim Grammar Infinitives of purpose I’m saving money to buy a car. Topic
Vocabulary
The world we’ll Environment recycle, metal cans, take public transportation live in Grammar Future with will for predictions Most people will use solar energy in their homes.
Answer key 189 Acknowledgements 199
6
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Dialogue A person discusses feeling awful with a friend
Pronunciation /ʊ/ and /uː/
Reading Want to feel better?
Listening People discussing aches and pains
Dialogue People talking about what they need to do
Pronunciation Reduction of have to and has to
Reading Everybody has chores
Listening Talking about plans for today and what things need to get done first
Dialogue Talking about being late
Pronunciation Simple past -ed endings
Reading Texting while walking
Listening People talking about a recent phone call, email or text message Pronunciation Syllable stress in longer words
Speaking Talking about the people you communicate with
Listening
Speaking
Writing
People talking about something that influenced an important decision about their education Pronunciation Different ways to pronounce vowel combinations Listening People comparing their new gadget with an older version they had before
Talking about your education
Writing about what you were doing at this time last year
Dialogue A parent talking to their college-age child about their education Reading Studying abroad: Is it for you? Dialogue Two people trying to impress each other with their latest gadgets Reading The Internet: good or bad?
Page 97 Speaking Talking about health problems
Writing Writing an advice email to a sick friend Page 108
Speaking Talking about the things you need to do before you leave for school or work
Writing Writing about the things you need to do every evening before going to bed Page 117 Writing Writing an apology for being late Page 125
Page 135 Speaking Talking about an item you bought to replace an older item
Writing Writing about how your life changed because of technology
Dialogue
Pronunciation
Page
A person giving recommendations to another person visiting a different city Reading The most interesting places
Words with silent letters
145
Listening People talking about the most interesting places where they live Pronunciation Vowel sounds with different spellings
Speaking Talking about the best city in the world
Reading Dress for success
Listening People having a conversation while clothes shopping
Speaking Describing what you like to wear on the weekend
Dialogue A grandfather telling his grandchildren about the choices he made in life Reading The changing face of learning Dialogue Talking about New Year’s resolutions
Pronunciation Reduction of /d/ before certain consonant sounds Listening Speaking People talking about important life events Talking about your important life events Pronunciation Pronouncing x
Reading I’m resolved
Listening People talking about their personal goals
Dialogue A discussion about life in 40 years
Pronunciation Pronouncing y
Reading Changing climates
Listening People talking about how life will be in the future
Dialogue Two friends shopping for one of them
Writing Writing about why you would like to visit different sights Page 155
Speaking Talking about your personal goals
Writing Writing a description of how you dress for different occasions Page 164 Writing Writing about the life of someone in your family Page 172 Writing Writing about your education/work goals for the next five years Page 180
Speaking Writing Talking about what life will be Writing about how you think like in the future life will change in the next 100 years
Contents
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4
Indoors outdoors and
Unit Goals In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Weather/temperature words Indoor/outdoor activities Dialogue Inviting someone to do something and setting a time/date to meet Pronunciation Reduction of would you Grammar Would like + infinitive Reading Freezing fun Listening People talking about activities with the weather Speaking Talking about the weather today Writing Writing a message inviting a friend to do something Indoors and outdoors
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4.1 Vocabulary 1 Audio 22
Read and listen to the words.
hot warm cool cold sunny cloudy windy rainy snowy bake cookies cook on the grill do some gardening do some home repairs go camping go kayaking go swimming go to the beach have a picnic play a board game play cards
Vocabulary 2 Look at the pictures. Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1 It’s [cold / cool / sunny / warm] outside. Sam doesn’t need a jacket. 2 Today it’s very [hot / snowy / sunny / warm]. Let’s stay inside. 3 Look at those trees! It’s very [windy / snowy / rainy / cloudy] today. 4 It’s a [warm / rainy / hot / cool] day, so she’s wearing a sweater. 5 Bring your umbrella when it’s [sunny / hot / cold / rainy]. 6 They’re at the beach because it’s [hot / cloudy / rainy / windy] outside. 7 I love a [rainy / snowy / sunny / cloudy] day in the park. 8 He’s wearing a hat because it’s [cloudy / cold / warm / hot] today. 9 It’s [sunny / cloudy / warm / hot] outside, but it isn’t rainy. 1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
7
36
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4 1
3
2
5
4
Vocabulary 3 Look at the pictures. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1 I’d like to stay inside today and
.
b play a board game
a play cards 2 They love to
in the summer.
a go camping
b go kayaking
c go swimming
3 This weekend, Eileen is going to stay home and a bake cookies
.
b do some gardening
4 I’m hungry, so I’m going to a go swimming
b bake cookies
c cook on the grill
and relax.
b have a picnic
a go to the beach
6 It’s a perfect day for our family to a go swimming
c go camping in the park.
b play cards
7 Would you like to
c have a picnic
in the ocean? b go camping
a have a picnic 8 My father’s friends meet to a play cards
c go swimming
every afternoon. b go kayaking
c play a board game
with my friends from work because it’s good exercise.
a go to the beach
b go kayaking
10 It’s hot today, so we should
c go swimming
for dinner. b bake cookies
a cook on the grill
11 Are you going to help your father
c do some gardening this weekend?
a do some home repairs b do some gardening 6
7
c do some home repairs
as a treat.
5 It’s very hot today, so we plan to
9 I like to
c have a picnic
8
9
c bake cookies 10
11
Indoors and outdoors
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Vocabulary 4 Audio 23
Listen. Then practice saying these sentences.
It’s warm outside. Sam doesn’t need 1 a jacket.
12 This weekend, Eileen is going to stay home and do some home repairs.
2 Today it’s very snowy. Let’s stay inside. 13 I’m hungry, so I’m going to bake cookies as a treat. 3 Look at those trees! It’s very windy today.
4 It’s a cool day, so she’s wearing a sweater. 5 Bring your umbrella when it’s rainy. 6 They’re at the beach because it’s hot outside. 7 I love a sunny day in the park. 8 He’s wearing a hat because it’s cold today. 9 It’s cloudy outside, but it isn’t rainy. 10 I’d like to stay inside today and play a board game. 11 They love to go camping in the summer.
14 It’s very hot today, so we plan to go to the beach and relax.
15 It’s a perfect day for our family to have a picnic in the park. 16 Would you like to go swimming in the ocean? 17 My father’s friends meet to play cards every afternoon. 18 I like to go kayaking with my friends from work because it’s good exercise. 19 It’s hot today, so we should cook on the grill for dinner. 20 Are you going to help your father do some gardening this weekend?
4.2 Dialogue 1 Audio 24
Read and listen to the dialogue.
Adam and Emily are having a coffee in a café waiting for Lucas to arrive. Adam It’s nice out today. What would you like to do? Emily I need to do some home repairs. And I’d like to bake cookies. Adam But it’s sunny and warm today. Wouldn’t you like to go to the beach? Emily It’s windy at the beach. Adam But it’s not cloudy or rainy or cold. Emily Well, what would you like to do at the beach? Adam I’d like to go swimming. Lucas arrives Adam Hi, Lucas. Would you like to go to the beach with us today? Lucas I’d really like to go to the beach, but…. Adam But? Lucas My girlfriend Sarah would like to bake cookies instead. And I … Adam I have an idea! Emily, would you like to bake cookies with Sarah today? 38
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4 Dialogue 2 Choose ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. 1 It’s good weather for the beach.
Yes / No
2 Adam would like to have a picnic at the beach.
Yes / No
3 Emily and Sarah would like to go to the beach.
Yes / No
Dialogue 3 Practice reading the dialogue aloud with a partner.
4.3 Pronunciation Reduction of would you Audio 25
Listen. Then practice saying the words.
/wʊd jʊ/ ➡ /wʊdʒʊ/ 1 Would you like to have a picnic? 2 Would you like to go swimming? 3 What would you like to do? 4 Where would you like to go? 5 When would you like to meet?
Indoors and outdoors
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4.4 Grammar 1 would like + infinitive Audio 26
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Would you like to go swimming / go to the beach / have a picnic? I’d like to go swimming / go to the beach / have a picnic. What would you like to do?
Where would you like to go?
I’d like to go camping.
I’d like to go to the museum.
Grammar 2 Match the questions and answers.
Contraction I would ➡ I’d
Tip
I’d like to have a picnic. 1 What would you like to eat? a I’d like to go somewhere warm. 2 Would you like to go to the gym? b I’d like to have some pasta. 3 Where would you like to go? c Sure. I’d like to exercise. 4 Would you like to go swimming? d How about Saturday at noon? 5 When would you like to meet? e 6 What would you like to do at the park? f I’d like to but I don’t know how to swim.
Grammar 3 Use would like or wouldn’t like + the infinitive of the verbs in the box to complete the dialogue. go to the beach (x3) bake cookies (x3) go swimming do (x2) Adam It’s nice out today. 1 What you ? 2 . Emily I need to do some home repairs. And I’ 3 you ? Adam But it’s sunny and warm today. Emily It’s windy at the beach. Adam But it’s not cloudy or rainy or cold. you at the beach? Emily 4 Well, what 5 . Adam I’ Lucas arrives you with us today? Adam 6 Hi, Lucas. 7 really , but… . Lucas I’ Adam But? instead. Lucas 8 My girlfriend Sarah 9 you with Sarah today? Adam I have an idea! Emily, 40
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4 4.5 Reading Read the article. Then read the sentences. Choose ‘True’ or ‘False’.
FREEZING FUN Would you like to go to the beach in the winter time? Most people would say no. In the winter, people stay inside and avoid the cold weather. Snow and cold temperatures make most people put on more clothes, light a fire, and make some hot tea. But all over the world there are people who like to go swimming outside in cold weather. These people belong to groups called polar bear clubs. Polar bear clubs are for people who like to go swimming during the winter as a hobby. Since it isn’t safe to go swimming in the cold alone, people go in groups. Some polar bear clubs go swimming all through the winter. Many people dress up in costumes but some just wear bathing suits. They go once a week or more. Almost all polar bear clubs do a big cold swim on New Year’s Day. Some groups call the big swim on New Year’s Day the “polar plunge.” People who aren’t even in the polar bear clubs come and swim at these events. Would you ever take the polar plunge? Or would you like to stay inside during the winter and bake some cookies instead? 1 People normally spend all of their time outside in the winter.
True / False
2 Some people like to go swimming in the winter time.
True / False
3 There are polar bear clubs all over the world.
True / False
4 There is a big cold swim on Christmas Day.
True / False
Indoors and outdoors
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4.6 Listening Audio 27
Listen. Match the weather to the activity.
1 rainy a picnic 2 warm and sunny b beach 3 cold c camping 4 cloudy d hiking 1
2
3
4
4.7 Speaking Practice asking and answering the questions with a partner. • Talk about the weather today. What’s it like outside? • What would you like to do today? Talk about your plans. • What do you like to do on sunny days? On rainy days? Talk about your favorite activities to do in different kinds of weather.
4.8 Writing You are inviting a friend to do something today. Suggest an activity based on the weather. Follow the example. Then show your writing to a partner or your teacher for feedback. Today it is raining. I think it will be cloudy all day. Would you like to go to a movie? I’d like to see a movie downtown. What time could you meet me?
42
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Unit 4 4.1 Vocabulary 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
warm snowy windy cool rainy hot sunny cold cloudy
Vocabulary 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
b a c b a c c a b a b
6 a
Grammar 3 1 What would you like to do? 2 I’d like to bake cookies. 3 Wouldn’t you like to go to the beach? 4 Well, what would you like to do at the beach? 5 I’d like to go swimming. 6 Would you like to go to the beach with us today? 7 I’d really like to go to the beach but... 8 My girlfriend Sarah would like to bake cookies instead. 9 Emily, would you like to bake cookies with Sarah today?
4.5 Reading 1 2 3 4
False True True False
4.2
4.6
Dialogue 2
Listening
1 Yes 2 No 3 No
4.4
1 2 3 4
b a c d
Grammar 2 1 2 3 4 5
190
c d b f e
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Acknowledgements The publishers wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce images. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright materials. The publishers will gladly receive any information enabling them to rectify any error or omission at the first opportunity. Cover shutterstock.com/TAGSTOCK1
All images are from Shutterstock.com unless otherwise stated: U1 p 8 Jayakumar, p 9 KreativKolors, auremar, CandyBox Images, Blend Images, merzzie, pics721, Rob Marmion, p 10 wavebreakmedia, Balazs Justin, bikeriderlondon, Lucky Business, BONNINSTUDIO, p 15 XiXinXing, p 16 Djomas, Omer N Raja, racorn U2 p 17 BigLike Images, Paul Hakimata Photography, mimagephotography, Paul Hakimata Photography, Dan Kosmayer, violetblue, arfabita, Pete Pahham, wavebreakmedia, wavebreakmedia, p 19 Tamara Kulikova, Kenneth Man, AJP, orangephoto, bikeriderlondon, AVAVA, p 20 Franck Boston, Monkey Business Images, Eldad Carin, PathDoc, Borja Andreu, iodrakon, racorn, Jinga, p 21 Minerva Studio, beornbjorn, Andresr, racorn, PT Images p 24 Syda Productions, p 25 ESTUDI M6 U3 p 27 Africa Studio, p 28 Artistan / Shutterstock.com, gorillaimages, eurobanks, ChameleonsEye, muzsy / Shutterstock.com, Jacek Chabraszewski, Kzenon, KR MEDIA Productions, p 29 Blaj Gabriel, SerbBgd, Stokkete, Rob Marmion, ostill, Alenavlad, Andresr, p 32 ermess, Natykach Nataliia, Sorbis, p 33 Kiselev Andrey Valerevich, Fidel, arek_malang, Ljupco Smokovski U4 p 35 everst, p 36 bikeriderlondon, igor. stevanovic, behindlens, Rob Marmion, Brian A Jackson, spotmatik, S.Borisov, Dmitry Bruskov, DemianM, p37 Alan Bailey, varuna, Elena Elisseeva, AlexeiLogvinovich, Liv friis-larsen, wavebreakmedia, Iakov Kalinin, Diego Cervo, Goodluz, Adam Gregor, Goodluz, p 41 J. McPhail / Shutterstock.com, p 42 Bonita R. Cheshier, Olesya Feketa, EpicStockMedia, ueuaphoto U5 p 43 Nebojsa Bobic, p 44 Bertrand Benoit, BlueSkyImage, CREATISTA, Anna_Lee, gnomeandi / Shutterstock.com, p 45 Patrick Foto, Igor Zakowski, Kiselev Andrey Valerevich, Diego Cervo, Nejron Photo, Duncan Andison, Jason Stitt, JHershPhoto, p 46 KieferPix, Everett Collection, CREATISTA, Kiselev Andrey Valerevich, p 50 NAR studio, p 51 Elena Vasilchenko, Denis Rozhnovsky, ita khorzhevska, BlueSkyImage U6 p 52 Ysbrand Cosijn, p 53 Aija Lehtonen / Shutterstock.com, dpaint, Dmitriy_Tsyupa, DmitriMaruta, scyther5, Stokkete, Eugene Onischenko, p 54 Andresr, Pokomeda, Dimedrol68, parus77, KR MEDIA Productions, Kzenon, Andrey Burmakin, p 57 dwphotos, p 58 Monkey Business Images, Monkey Business Images, dean bertoncelj, p 59 astudio / Shutterstock.com, Anton Gvozdikov, Ollyy¸ l i g h t p o e t U7 p 61 Aoshi VN, p 62 Vitaly Korovin, Liv friis-larsen, FomaA¸ Ollyy, threerocksimages, George Dolgikh, lunapiena, Andrey Eremin, Jack.Q, Elena Veselova, p 63 McCarthy’s PhotoWorks, Quanthem, B. and E. Dudzinscy, Brent Hofacker, Tim UR, p 66 monticello, p 68 lauraslens, p 69 Lisa F. Young, Peter Bernik¸ michaeljung, Maridav U8 p 71 LoloStock, p 72 EDHAR, Denys Prykhodov, Nonwarit, NorGal¸ wavebreakmedia¸ p 73 JaysonPhotography / Shutterstock.com, Monkey Business Images, connel, Creativa Images¸ Anita Ponne, p 76 wavebreakmedia p 78 (all) Ollyy U9 p 80 XiXinXing, p 81 Zygotehaasnobrain, Egor Tetiushev, Photographee.eu, Eugenio Marongiu, Kzenon, p 82 bikeriderlondon, sunabesyou, sunlover, Josh Withers / Shutterstock.com, Corepics VOF, p 84 bitt24, p 87 Bloomua, p 88 mandritoiu / Shutterstock.com, Franz Pfluegl,
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Shelli Jensen, Karin Hildebrand Lau U10 p 89 Fabio Lamanna, p 90 Vilainecrevette, Nicram Sabod, YuryZap / Shutterstock. com, Xico Putini, V. J. Matthew, p 91 FiledIMAGE / Shutterstock. com, DementevaJulia, Volodymyr Burdiak, paul prescott, bikeriderlondon, p 92–93 Galyna Andrushko, p 95 BlueOrange Studio, p 96 Alexey Kamenskiy, Rob van Esch / Shutterstock.com, DeLoyd Huenink, upthebanner U11 p 97 wavebreakmedia, p 98 kenjii, PathDoc, yadom¸ Am2 Antonio Battista, Maridav, p 99 Piotr Wawrzyniuk, maximino, 9nong, tmcphotos, CandyBox Images, p 100 MJTH, Vladimir Gjorgiev, Alice Day, Blazej Lyjak, Rido, goa novi, Photographee.eu¸ Valua Vitaly, bikeriderlondon, cristovao, Subbotina Anna, Rob Byron, Elena Schweitzer, p 104 g-stockstudio, p 105 juniart, p 106 Poznyakov, Vladimir Gjorgiev, Robert Kneschke U12 p 108 Sergey Kamshylin, p 109 GWImages, wavebreakmedia, Rock and Wasp, Kzenon, Cheryl Savan, p 110 Kzenon, Maximus Art, Diego Cervo, Photographee.eu, Tom Wang, p 112 conejota, p 114 lzf, Sunny studio, william casey, p 115 Paul Matthew Photography, Djomas, Pedro Monteiro U13 p 117 ponsulak, p 118 Maria Maarbes, Nik Merkulov, Sergey Peterman, Pablo Eder, Kostsov, p 119 bikeriderlondon, auremar, Marcos Mesa Sam Wordley, Iakov Filimonov¸ Erdal Bayhan, p 120 lzf, p 122 BassKwong U14 p 125 Monkey Business Images, p 126 maradonna_8888, Rawpixel, Lightspring, antb, isak55 p 127 tocksnapper, grafvision, Monkey Business Images, Michael D Brown, corgarashu, p 128 Rigucci, Pete Spiro, Morozova Oxana, Tom Wang, Solphoto¸ Andresr, p 132 chuckstock, p 133 Diego Cervo, ZouZou, Andy Dean Photography, Cheryl Savan U15 p 135 Rawpixel, p 136 Bloomua, Ldprod, Vladimir Arndt, Monkey Business Images, mimagephotography, p 137 Denys Prykhodov, Ollyy, Minerva Studio, maxuser, Minerva Studio, Peter Bernik, Nikola Spasenoski, leungchopan, John Kasawa, Feng Yu, p 140 Chamille White, p 142 wavebreakmedia, Yeko Photo Studio, p 143 Catherine Lall, SnowWhiteimages, Goodluz¸ Lucky Business U16 p 145 Galyna Andrushko, p 146 Kevin Eaves, Lissandra Melo / Shutterstock.com, Richard Cavalleri / Shutterstock.com, Rafael Ramirez Lee, Anton_Ivanov, p 147 Orhan Cam, Francesco R. Iacomino, James Michael Dorsey¸ pisaphotography / Shutterstock. com, Jess Kraft / Shutterstock.com, p 150 Sean Pavone, p 152 PiLens, Matej Hudovernik, O.V.D., Sean Pavone / Shutterstock.com, p 153 Jeerawut Rityakul / Shutterstock.com, Jaggat Rashidi, Pius Lee, JC Photo U17 p 155 View Apart¸ p 156 Jaimie Duplass, Ysbrand Cosijn, BlueSkyImage¸ bikeriderlondon, Cheryl Casey, 101imges, Pawel Nawrot¸ Champion studio, Brian Mueller, Deviant, p 157 artjazz, CURAphotography, Brian Mueller, Grischa Georgiew, rui vale souse, auremar, Matthew Ennis¸ Samuel Borges Photography, Ammentorp Photography, sitkrai55, p 162 Edw, Kotin U18 p 164 Diego Cervo, p 165 leungchopan, vichie81, Monkey Business Images¸ IgorGolovniov / Shutterstock.com, Rob Marmion, p 166 Alberto Loyo, Monkey Business Images, bikeriderlondon, Angela Luchianiuc, michaeljung, p 169 MaxyM¸ p 170 Monkey Business Images, p 171 Ammentorp Photography U19 p 172 lzf, p 173 Artem Samokhvalov, Phil Date, Gts¸ Goodluz, Blend Images, Diego Cervo, Robert Kneschke, s-ts, Monkey Business Images¸ Jeka¸p 175 Halfpoint, p 177 ruigsantos, p 178 michaeljung¸ michaeljung, Pressmaster U20 p 180 Darren Baker, p 181 bikeriderlondon, PremiumVector, auremar, Carlos Caetano, Amy Johansson, p 182 Rakic, photosync, sdecoret¸ Syda Productions¸ spwidoff, p 185 Loskutnikov, p 186 somchaij, p 187 l i g h t p o e t, auremar, Lisa F. Young, PT Images
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