the Revolutionary City Digital
Tools
and
Design
Planning
Thinking
The cities in the world are growing fast. Malaysia, a country under the trend of urbans’ developments. Computer, digital tools that affect the world so much nowadays. How do the digital tools can be used in the design process to solve the urban‘s issues when the urbanization is going on? Rhinoceros and Grasshopper had been used in this thesis design to explore the possiblities of the urban’s issues that can be analized and and converted into parameters that can be used in computer’s software. By zooming the scale of design from urban to architecture scale, the relationship and interaction between the digital tools and the design thinking of designer in the design processes were interesting and a two-way feedback.
Zoning
Urban Design Master Planning Urban Development Phasing
Architecture Architecture Layout
Programme Mass Development Development Intensity
Building’s Skin Floor Configuration Service Core Configuration
Urban’s Issues
Urban Agglomerations
1975Urban
Dense of Development
Development of Better Infrastructures
Growing of Urban Footprint
View
Heritage Reservation
Correspondence of Local Climate
Natural Disasters
Increasing of Environmental Pollution
2025Urban
2009Urban
1- 5 million 5-10 million > 10 million
Population
Urban Area (km2) Density (/km2)
No. of High Rise
Hong Kong 7,108,100
0
20
40
60 km
Singapore 1098
6,217
7,685
5,183,700
Taipei 694
7,315
4,368
2,618,772
272
9,634
247
IFC
Republic Plaza
- CO2 emmissions increase 221% since 1990 - Population Car ownership
Taipei 101
CO
2007
2007
2
67%
276%
1991
Tokyo 8,653,502
1991
New York 617
14,400
2,702
8,175,133
1,214
10,630
5,924
Decreasing of Green
Efficiency of Resources Provided
Exodus & Influx of Population
Increasing of Social Interaction
Tokyo Sky Tree
Empire State Building
Site - Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Istana Budaya
The site is locates at the center of Kuala Lumpur and a Malay’s Reserved Land for 100 years without intensive development compare to the surrounding areas. The site is surrounded by many national institutions and important landmarks of Kuala Lumpur. The condition in this site is still maintain the old malay’s radisional life style and some of the place had a bad condition of infrastructures like a slum in the center of the city. So, KL Plan 2020 had been introduced and a new urban development plan is in progress.
Climates
Cultural Elements
40
Max. Temperature 35
a
300
National Art Gallery National Library Hospital Kuala Lumpur
B
Avg. Max.
30 250
25
Precipitation
200
Avg. Min.
20
Min. Temperature
150
15 100
10
5
0 JAN
FEB
MAR
N 14
NE
NW
12 10 8 6 4 2
W
Mosque Jamek Kampung Baru
E
SW
W
SE
SW
NE
NW
S
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
E
SE
YEAR
SW
N
NW
8
NE
5
2
1
1
E
W
SE
E
SW
NW
9 8
2
W
E
SW
SE
6 4 2
E
SE S
JUN
N 9
NE
NW
8
6
6 5
5
4
SW
S
S
SEP
OCT
4 3
3
2
2
E
SE
S
AUG
1
1
W
SW
E
SE S
NOV
NE
7
7
1
W
8
9 8
4 3 2
4
E
SE
10
SW
N 11 10
NW
5
6
6
W
SE S
MAY
NE
7
8
E
SW
N 10
NE
10
12
1
W
SE S
APR
N
12
NE
16 14
5 4 3 2
3
2
16 14
6
4
3
S
MAR
NW
9 8 7
6
4
NW
NE
10
7
5
SW
18
11
NW
Typology of the Tradisional Malay House N
12
9
NE
W
NE
2
W
7 6
E
SE
10 8 6 4
2
S
JUL
24 22 20 18 16 14 12
N
8
NW
N
10 8 6 4
W
N NE
FEB
N 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
S
JAN
NW
SW
Club Sultan Sulaiman
b
MAY
N
16
NW
Site
APR
Temperature & Preciptation
W
E
SW
SE S
DEC
Wind Rose Chart
The Warung
Site’s Sections
0
Section Aa
A
Klang River
Petronas Twin Tower
02
Area: 243.65 sq.km Population: 1.9 millions (politic region) 7.2 millions (metropolitan) Density: 7798/sq.km Ethnic Structure : - Malay & Bumiputra 38% - Chinese 43% - Indians 10% - Others 1% - Foreigners 8%
KL Tower Independent Square Government Hospital Heritage Zone
City Hall
Site’s Reserved Heritage Landmark Exist Rail System Future Rail System
0
100 200 300
400 m
National Mosque
Section Bb
The Pasar
The Street
Site
Site
100 200 300
400 m
Urban Scale - Planning Zoning
The Main Principals Reserved Zone The zones around the Reserved Zone should maintain the more Public Zones to maintain the quality of open space and adding some commercial zone to support the activities around the reserved buildings.
KLDCP 2020 Zoning Plan
Mixed Use Zone The Mixed Use Zone need to be the most populate zone that will be the buffer between Commercial Zone and Residential Zone to maintain the quality of living. Public Zone Public Zone acts as the open space and public institutionals land use. It will be added when the other zones are too populate. Residential Zone Residential Zone need the more Public Zone around it to support the living and open space needs. Commercial Zone As the zones arround the site are mainly city centre commercial zone, the commercial zone in the site will be least and just to support the commercial activities in a smaller community. Determine the proportion of zoning of site 0
9 6 3
Residential 1 Residential 2 Residential 3
600 m
Public Institutional Public Open Space Forest Reserve Public Facilities Infrastructure & Utilities
RESI. ED MIX
8 5 2
BL .
Plot Ratio 10 7 4
Mixed Use Commercial Mixed Use Residential
400
PU
Zoning City Centre Commercial Commercial
100 200
Cellular Automata (CA)
Split into grid
Setup the rules Zone Transformed
03
Transform
The Most Close to the Determination
. COMM
N
Site
Simulation Results
In the process of the planning, the zoning of the site is based on the concept of the discrete model in computability theory, Cellular Automata. The site is splitted into a 50x50 grid as the size is more suitable block’s size in Kuala Lumpur after the site studies. The zoning is an experiment to fragment the traditional zoning block to a smaller size as the activities and zones defined can be more efficient to prevent the zones become too dense and death zone formed.
Transform Rules MIXED USE
20%
40%
60%
80%
RESIDENTIAL
20%
40%
60%
80%
COMMERCIAL
20%
40%
60%
80%
PUBLIC
20%
40%
60%
80%
COMM. CO O PUBL. U
COMM. O PUBL. B
COMM. CO O M PUBL. PUB
PUBL. P U
MIXED E CCOMM.. RESI.. PUBL.
B E PUBL. MIXED E RESI.
COMM. M MIXED B I PUBL.
MIXED M EDP PUBL. U
COMM. M MIXED XE
RESI. S M MIXED XE
COMM. MM MIXED XE
CO COMM. O M PUBL. P B
MIXED X P B PUBL.
RESI. MIXED PUBL. B
MIXED X D PUBL. P B
RESI.MIXED I PUBL. B
PUBL. M MIXED XE
PUBL. U L RESI. R S
PUBL. B R RESI. ES
I PUBL. B RESI. S MIXED
The transform rules was set under the main principals. For example: When a MIXED USE zone is surrounded by the most number of RESIDENTIAL zone and the total is under 50% of the 8 neighbours, it will still maintain be a MIXED USE zone, otherwise it will transform to a PUBLIC zone.
Largest Area Public
Smallest Area Public
Largest Area Mixed Use
Smallest Area Mixed Use
Close to the Objective Proportion
Urban Design Master Planning
CO
2
0
60 120
240
360 m
Future Rail System
Road System
Circle Pattern
Landmark
Rail System
Landmark 04 0 4
The main concept was originally from the Garden City Planning design. The Rail System Station will be the nodes of the main road connection and had some transformation to link to the surrounding roads. Center of the site was determined by the landmarks. Open Spaces continue along the river and the Public Institutionals were put at the outer ring to connect.
Urban Development Phasing
Masses Control
As the site is too large for developing in the same time, so phasing of development in the site is essential.The first phase of the deveploment is decided according to the condition of the buildings in the areas, and around the nodes of the road as the catalyst for the development going on. This also done by the concept of Cellualar Automata and the transformation rules was determinated by the development intensity surround.
Without Any Setback
Setback Added 1st Phase
2nd Phase
3rd Phase
4th Phase Intensity Arround Reseved Zone Controlled
5th Phase
6th Phase
View Corridor Added 7th Phase
05
9th Phase
8th Phase
Architecture Scale Program Site Area
18038.5 sq.m
Parking Retail Spaces Apartment Tower Office Tower
3 Floors 4 Floors 41 Floors 34 Floors
Double Decker Lift with sky lobby Office Tower - 21F, 22F Apartment Tower - 15F, 16F, 31F, 31F, 32F
SITE
Malay Cemetery
Open Space Vehicle Circulation
0
50
100
200
300 m
Due to the climate of the Malaysia is hot and rainy, people are like to stay in air-conditioned spaces. So, retail spaces is commonly welcome by the residents. Beside that, one of the tower is programmed to be an apartment tower as the lack of residential spaces in the center of the city. As the 2 towers are high, sky lobby is being used to had a more efficient circulation .
OF ICE Sky Lobby
OF ICE
APARTMENT APARTMENT
Sky Garden
APARTMENT
Services
OFFICE LOBBY RETAIL SPACES APARTMENT LOBBY OFFICE The sky garden is programed at the upper level to let the residents have a better view to the city and maintain the green spaces for the residents and the city. 06
RETAIL SPACES
PARKING
Architecture Layout
The architecture layout is divide into 3 parts: LOWER part, MIDDLE part and UPPER part Every part of the layout is determined and controlled by different parameters define by the conditions of each level. Lower The layout of the base is control by the distance between the future developments, the existed buildings, the plinth area and set back to create the approciate base layout.
Exist Buildings
Future Open Space
Future Open Space
Elevated Highway
This layout is chosen as the lower part of the building after the calculation of the grasshopper’s defination wrote by using galapogos component to find out the most suitable result that had the nearest value to the plinth area and distances between the parameters set.
07
Middle Middle and upper layout are mainly control by the view to the reserved heritage side and the landmarks for a good living and working quality. Masjid Jamek
Future Open Space
Future Open Space
Elevated Highway Twin Tower
KL Tower
Upper The upper layout is same with the middle layout is mainly control by the view to the reserved heritage side and the landmarks. Titiwangsa Park
Masjid Jamek
Elevated Highway
08
KL Tower
Twin Tower
Mass Development
Service Core Configuration
Building’s Skin CO2
The mass was continue to develop by adding more limitation.
32-45 Apartment
Trim by the boundary
23-38 Offices 30-31 Interchange Level 21-22 Interchange Level
Subdivide Surface to Triangle
17-29 Apartment 15-16 Interchange Level
5-20 Offices 5-14 Apartment 3-4 Lobby
3-4 Lobby
Scaling to fit the gross area
B4-2 Parking & Retail
B4-2 Parking & Retail
Service Core was divide in to parts to improve the efficiency of the vertical movement. Smoothing surface
Control the Opening Size
The location of the core was determinated by the area distributed between the core and floor plan.
Area A Area B
Final Area A 09
Area B Pattern Division
Residential Tower Floor Configuration 0
Type A
Type B
2
4
8
12 M
Type C Stacking Configuration
4 Rooms + 4 Rooms
Type D
4 Rooms + 3 Rooms
1 Room, 2 Rooms + 1 Room, 2 Rooms
Type E
1 Room, 2 Rooms + 4 Rooms
3 Rooms + 3 Rooms
Type F
4 Rooms + 1 Room, 2 Rooms
The residential tower floor is try to use a bottom-down method to built up.
Type G
3 Rooms + 4 Rooms
10 1 0
Type H
3 Rooms + 1 Room, 2 Rooms
Type I
1 Room, 2 Rooms + 3 Rooms
The floor plans of the tower is defined after the studies of the residental spaces in Kuala Lumpur. The 9 types of the floor plans were configured by the basic 4 type of residential space, 4 rooms family, 3 rooms family, 2 rooms and 1 room single suite. By using the studies of the residential spaces needs in Kuala Lumpur, the tower is stacking to suit the needs and make different type of every floor to let the facade of the tower could form a interesting facade.