Potential analysis and future suggestions to Conservation area in Tranent by Koki

The Urban Conservation of Tranent: Realising Potential Through Historic Fabric

Fig 0.1

MSc Architectural Conservation AC1 Urban Conservation S1832590 S1677766 S1804749 S1878663 S1882345 S1452865

Kathleen Cooper Birte Fichter Koki Maeda Dalia Stabrauskaite Eleonora A. Veneziano Yuxiang Wang

4th April, 2019

T T I S H N T R E

T H E S C O

FOR

CONSERVATION STUDIES

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following people for their consultation, advice and assistance: Jamie Baker Lucy Schofield Dr. Ruxandra Iulia-Stoica Nikolia Kartalou

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST a) Site Context and Topography b) History c) Community d) Urban analysis e) Architectural Appraisal

3. ONGOING & PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS

4. CHARACTER STATEMENT

5. SWOT ANALYSIS

6. OUR RECOMMENDATIONS a) Purpose of conservation area b) Conservation area boundaries c) Proposal Plan d) Conservation area management e) Enhancing the historic environment

7. CONCLUSION

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

9. LIST OF FIGURES

10. APPENDICES

1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose of Project The aim of this project is to understand the character of the Conservation Area of Tranent and to propose improvements for its sustainable development.

Methodology The project was carried out by six students from different academic and professional backgrounds – architecture and urban planning, art history, interior design, tourism and grants management. The authors undertook a systemic analysis of Tranent’s Conservation Area by studying relevant planning documents of the council, researching history, urban development, topography, use, streetscape, community and architectural character of the town. This was supplemented by various publications, photos and maps, several study visits and carrying out an on-site survey. The survey data 6

was collected and placed into QGIS to graphically understand the development and components of Tranent. In addition, interviews were conducted (by mail and in person) with representatives of the East Lothian Council - Jamie Baker, the town centre regeneration officer, and Lucy Schofield, Tranent CARS project officer. Publications “Urban analysis. Basics” by Gerrit Schwalbach (2009) and “Conservation area designation, appraisal and management” by Historic England (2016) were instrumental in organizing and structuring the research. It is important to note that as the project’s time frame was limited to three months (January to March 2019), this work does not claim to provide an exhaustive study of the topic.

Fig 1.1 Tranent’s Church Street

About Tranent The town of Tranent is one of the oldest towns of East Lothian, possibly dating back to the Roman era1. Long ago it was known as Travernant (Travernment), meaning “the hamlet on the vale”2. Though little is known about the town’s early development, its significance began in the 13th century when coal mining started in the area, arguably making the town Scotland’s oldest mining community3. Coal proved to be the main source of income until the end of the 20th century, alongside other trades including agriculture and quarrying, though it now serves mainly as a commuter town for Edinburgh.

The town has several schools, banks, a library and a sports centre. Regular bus service and nearby rail stations provide good connections to Edinburgh and the surrounding region. Proximity to the Firth of Forth provide nice views and countryside, as well as proximate beaches4. Tranent began a regeneration scheme in 2015, including funding from CARS, in order to redevelop its Conservation Area and city centre (Fig 1.1). Numerous projects are completed and underway, including community engagement schemes such as StreetsAhead Tranent with the Children’s Parliament and traditional building workshops with the Scottish Lime Centre.

1 “Tranent,” Undiscovered Scotland, Accessed 5 Feb 2019, https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/tranent/tranent/index.html 2 Francis H. Groome, Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical, Thomas C. Jack, 1882-4. Grange Publishing Works: Edinburgh, 2004.

4 “Tranent Parish Church,” Tranent Parish Church, Accessed 8 Feb 2019. http://

3 “Tranent,” Undiscovered Scotland.

www.tranentparishchurch.co.uk/index.html.

Timeline Footnotes: 1 John Greig and Tom Hogg, Tranent Parish Church: A brief history of its place of worship (Tranent: 1998, revised 2016): 1. 2 Groome, Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. 3 “Welcome to Tranent,” Visitoruk.com, http://www.visitoruk.com/Tranent/. 4 East Lothian Council, “Cultural Heritage and the Built Environment: Supplementary Planning Guidance 2018,” In Local Development Plan (2018): 35. 5 Idem. 6 “Welcome to Tranent.” 7 Groome, Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. 8 “Tranent,” Undiscovered Scotland. 9 East Lothian Antiquarians and Field Naturalists Society, “Tranent,” The Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian, Accessed Feb 12, 2019, https://el4.org. uk/parish/tranent/. 10 East Lothian Antiquarians and Field Naturalists Society, “Tranent - Environment.” 11 “Welcome to Tranent.” 12 Marie Sharp, “Vandalised and ageing ex-care home set to be demolished,” East Lothian Courier, March 23, 2016, https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/ news/14377969.vandalised-and-ageing-ex-care-home-set-to-be-demolished/.

EDINBURGH

Map 1: Tranentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationship to Edinburgh, produced by authors.

Map 2: Town of Tranent and its Conservation Area in blue, produced by authors. 10

TRANENT

2. ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST

Site Context and Topography The town of Tranent, with a current population of about 12,500, lies approximately nine miles from Edinburgh5 (Map 1). The High Street (A199), a major traffic thoroughfare, runs on an east-west axis through the town, and the A1 passes just outside the town. The other main road, Church Street, meets High Street at the Civic Square. The city is well linked to Edinburgh and the surrounding area by public transit. Several walking and cycling paths connect the town to others, including the historic waggonway leading to Cockenzie and Prestonpans, which historically brought coal from the seams in Tranent to Cockenzie and the ports6.

The views afforded by this slope and the quality of the landscape may also impact the town, as, for example, parish antagonism towards opencast mining in the region was based partially in the quality of the environment7. The Conservation Area comprises High Street, Church Street, and various lanes that wind through the northwest portion of the town (Map 2). The Conservation Area is bordered to the west by the Heugh, the north by the doocot and footpath, the east by a new development and the former Infant School (now derelict), and the south by High Street.

The topography has historically impacted the city: for example, the town’s location on a hill enabled the construction of the historic waggonway. 5 East Lothian Council, “Tranent Town Centre Strategy (Draft): Supplementary Guidance to the East Lothian Local Development Plan 2018,” 2018; “Welcome

7 East Lothian Antiquarians and Field Naturalists Society, “Tranent,” The Fourth

to Tranent.”

Statistical Account of East Lothian, Accessed Feb 12, 2019, https://el4.org.uk/

6 “Tranent Parish Church.”

parish/tranent/

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.1: Numbered map highlighting street views

Historical Photo Comparison

Church Street

The following photo comparisons illustrate the changing streetscapes along Church Street, High Street, and Bridge Street, and may assist the rethinking of potential uses of historic fabrics as well as the Conservation Area boundary (Fig 2.1).

The area along the west side of Church Street was used for the old public school from the late 19th to the mid-20th century (Fig 2.2)8. After the school was demolished in the 1960s, a nursing home occupied the site from the 1970s9. Since the nursing home was demolished, the sequential streetscape has long been lost (Fig 2.3-6). This whole process of development implies the demolition of the school made this vacant land difficult to be utilised in a sustainable way, while it could also be an opportune community space.

8 Historical map in 1850s~ 1960s in Tranent, Digimap, https://digimap.edina. ac.uk/roam/map/historic 9 Historical map in 1960s~ 1990s in Tranent, Digimap, https://digimap.edina. ac.uk/roam/map/historic

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.2: Postcard depicting the old Public School, 1907

Fig 2.3: Old Public School, early 20th C

Fig 2.4: Existing view of site

Fig 2.5: Old Public School, early 20th C

Fig 2.6: Existing view from (1) on S end of Church St 13

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.7: View from (2) on Church St, 1930

Fig 2.8: Existing view from (2) on Church St

Fig 2.9: View from (3) on Church St, 1960-89

Fig 2.10: Existing view from (3) on Church St

Pavement, Streetlamps, Faรงade Finishes Historic street lamps and patterned pavement on Church Street have all been removed and replaced with asphalt concrete (Fig 2.7-10). As a general feature, the current faรงades are generally covered in exterior cement rendering instead of their former exposed ashlar or rubble stonework.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.11: View from (4) on High St, early 20th C

Fig 2.12: Existing view from (4) on High St

Fig 2.13: View from (5) on High St, early 20th C

Fig 2.14: Existing view from (5) on High St

High Street High Street hosts a variety of styles, from historic cottages to modern concrete structures. As its name suggests, the buildings along the street have likely been under higher pressure facing interventions than other areas within the Conservation Area, particularly the south of the junction with Church Street, which has lost its historic street lamps and been transformed into a civic centre (Fig 2.11-14).

On the other hand, the group of tenements to the west of the civic square has survived and remains part of the historic fabric, albeit lying outside the proper Conservation Area boundary. Additionally, the east portion of High Street has not changed drastically in terms of its streetscape (Fig 2.15-18). While the commercial shopfronts are dominant on the ground level, it is clear the roof materials vary, an intact feature of the streetscape.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.15: View from (6) on High St, 1930

Fig 2.16: Existing view from (6) on High St

Fig 2.17: View from (7) on High St, 1970

Fig 2.18: Existing view from (7) on High St

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: PHOTO COMPARISON

Fig 2.19: View from (8) on Bridge St, early 20th C

Fig 2.20: Existing view from (8) on Bridge St

Fig 2.21: View from (9) on New Row, 1970

Fig 2.22: Current view from (9) on New Row

Bridge Street

New Row

The north side of Bridge Street has changed its streetscape in conjunction with the demolition of one of Tranent’s Co-Operative “Central Premesis”10. A nursing home has replaced the property, changing the sequential view leading to High Street into a more open atmosphere. The south side of the street has retained its historical appearance and boundary walls, but are currently not included in the Conservation Area boundary (Fig 2.19-20).

Since New Row experienced road expansion on the west, the south side of the street was largely developed and is occupied by modern two-storey buildings (Fig 2.21-22)11. Nevertheless, the north side of the street retains the one- and two-storey cottages.

10 John Gray Centre, Accessed March 1, https://www.johngraycentre.org/ collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC_AI_151/

11 Historical map in 1990s in Tranent, Digimap.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: COMMUNITY

Community

Fig 2.23: Chart showing Tranent’s demographic characteristics

Demographic Characteristics

Socioeconomic Characteristics

According to the Mid-2016 Population Estimates, Tranent has an estimated population of 12,140, with a younger demographic mix than the regional profile. The proportions for population age 0-15, 16-24 and 25-44 are 20.8%, 10.4% and 25.8%, which are higher than the average figures for the East Lothian Area (Fig 2.23)12.

According to Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), the Tranent Town Centre data zone (referring to High Street, Northfield and Lindores Drives) is considered to be the most deprived area in East Lothian in terms of income and employment13. Approximately 31%14 of Tranent’s population is in income deprivation, while 21%15 of the population is considered to be employment deprived; as a reference, the proportions of East Lothian and Scotland are also listed in Table 116.

13 East Lothian Council, Tranent, Wallford & Macmerry Ward Profile, November 12 “Mid-2016 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland,”

2017, East Lothian, 8.

National Records of Scotland, Accessed March 21, 2019, https://www.nrscot-

14 Ibid, 18.

land.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/popula-

15 Ibid, 15.

tion-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2016/list-of-tables

16 Ibid, 15-18.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: COMMUNITY

Table 1: Proportion of deprived population.

Miner’s Community Tranent is regarded as one of the oldest mining towns in Scotland. The first waggonway was created in 1722 to the west of the settlement, to carry coal to Cockenzie harbour for export17. In the 1870s, a local miner group created the Co-operative Society to provide food and household goods to miners and their families at fair prices18. The membership of the society peaked at 17,414 in the 1900s19. The society occupied buildings on Bridge Street during its prosperity.

Nevertheless, the society declined and closed in 197520. Currently, the former headquarters of the society on Bridge Street is under refurbishment and will function as a community hub with a café, bistro, children’s soft play area and post office21.

17 “Tranent,” Undiscovered Scotland.

20 Idem.

18 “Tranent Co-operative Society,” Archives Hub, Accessed March 27, 2019.

21 “Tranent’s landmark former Co-op building to re-open in November,” East

https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/22f12a30-5da5-3834-af08-

Lothian Courier, October 6, 2018. Accessed March 27, 2019. https://www.

6436c761f29a?component=667741b2-3a30-3135-8c5e-616e184801ff

eastlothiancourier.com/news/16961379.tranents-landmark-former-co-op-build-

19 “Tranent,” Undiscovered Scotland.

ing-to-re-open-in-november/

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: COMMUNITY

Figure 2.25: Children’s Parliament participated APOGI. Figure 2.24: Pre-charette engagement led by Icecream Architecture.

Tranent Charette

A Place of Great Importance

In March 2015, East Lothian and the Fa’side Area Partnership commissioned a charrette and a funding application to the Scottish Government 22. Through site walks, scenario exercises and group discussions, a strategic set of principles for the vision of Tranent Town Centre was developed23. The collaboratively produced strategy in particular identified the aspiration for the High Street and Civic Square to facilitate a vibrant town centre24 (Fig 2.24).

In 2016, the APOGI (A Place of Great Importance) project incorporated Tranent’s mining past in a gateway for the green space between Muirpark and Steading Mews. Artist David Wilson displayed donated items in cairns marked by tallies, a brass coin system historically used by miners to keep track of men in the pits25. Local residents and groups were encouraged to participate to strengthen the sense of community (Fig 2.25).

StreetsAhead 22 Iain MacPherson, “Tranent Town Centre Charrette”, Kevin Murray Associates, August 27, 2015, Accessed March 21, 2109. http://kevinmurrayassociates.com/ tranent-town-centre-charrette.htm 23 “Tranent Town Centre Charrette: integrating past and present,” WUMD, August 26, 2015, https://www.williemiller.com/tranent-town-centre-charrette.htm 24 East Lothian Council, Tranent Town Centre Charrette final report, July 2015, East Lothian, 24.

The StreetsAhead project was commissioned by the Fa’side Area Partnership, Recharge Youth and Community Facility, East Lothian Council, and Children’s Parliament. Through the project, pupils illustrated their visions for their urban environment 25 Idem.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: COMMUNITY

Above: Fig 2.26

Children’s mural.

Right: Fig 2.27

‘Blooming Belters,’ a

community-led project.

Far right: Fig 2.28

Scottish Lime Centre

Trust training at Heugh Community Garden

in a 36x4ft mural, presented to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child’s Day of General Discussion in Geneva in September 201626. The mural is on permanent display, and is used as a inspiration for the future of the town (Fig 2.26).

Blooming Belters The StreetsAhead project inspired local enthusiasm for reshaping Tranent. Area Manager Simon Davie says local community members were inspired by the mural to decorate Civic Square27. This group, the Blooming Belters, was initially local volunteers and donations. Information and leisure were shared on social media and further generated the local residents’ enthusiasm to participate (Fig 2.27).

Hosted Events Other community engagement activities range from site walks and photo sharing events to property maintenance workshops28 (Fig 2.28). These community engagement activities still see the potential to be further supported and promoted, as Tranent CARS Project Officer Lucy Schofield illustrated in an interview with the authors. For example, the training sessions have inspired people to make changes in their buildings, but technical support is limited due to the shortage of craftsmen.

26 East Lothian Council, “Success for StreetsAhead Tranent at top planning awards,” East Lothian Council, November 27, 2018, https://www.eastlothian.

28 Regenerate Tranent, “Regenerate Tranent’s Facebook Page,” Facebook,

gov.uk/news/article/12902/success_for_streetsahead_tranent_at_top_plan-

2018, https://www.facebook.com/TranentRegen/

ning_awards 27 Idem.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: URBAN ANALYSIS

Fig 2.29: Narrow pedestrian path cuts off at awkward corner, no access to curb

Urban Analysis Tranent is not a particularly attractive town in terms of its urban context. Many residential structures seem to have been treated with little to no care for the identity of the historic townscape. Cement harling and brickwork, plus UPVC windows and chain-link fences are common features. Car traffic dominates the streetscape on High and Church streets, and there are infrequent pedestrian walkways existing to facilitate safely crossing said busy streets. Pedestrians are not the priority of the townscape, evident by the poor state of the walkways. The footpaths are inconsistent in materiality and maintenance, are too narrow to permit passing pedestrian traffic, and are incredibly difficult for those with disabilities to manoeuvre. Parents pushing strollers and walking pets might also have a hard time navigating the uneven paths with little to no curb access (Fig 2.29-31). 22

Fig 2.30: Careless maintenance of pathway consistency

In addition to the overall poor quality of the footpaths, few street lights or street furniture exist anywhere in the town, surely a safety concern (Fig 2.32-34). The green spaces of Tranent in particular need addressing, as most of them are poorly kept and also pose safety concerns (again, lack of adequate street lighting). Most open spaces in the town are sites of demolished buildings, or fields full of overgrown and unkempt biological growth. With some funding and light regular maintenance, these areas have the potential to become well-used spaces, which, as we have seen in the community analysis, is something the residents of Tranent desire. The children of Tranent are in need of an outdoor play space, as no playgrounds currently exist within the area. Our group even witnessed some primary school-aged children climbing around outside on public toilet facilities due to lack of legitimate, designated space for activities.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: URBAN ANALYSIS

Fig 2.31: Pedestrian path awkwardly narrows around historic wall, impratical for many pedestrians

Fig 2.33: Unsightly and possibly hazardous wiring

Fig 2.32: Poorly maintained and unlit pathway along west boundary

Fig 2.34: Open space with great potential for community use

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Architectural Appraisal

Fig 2.35: Two story buildings dominate High St

Fig 2.36: One story cottages around Church St

Right: Map 3: Height relationships by

storey, produced by authors in GIS.

Fig 2.37: One story cottages around Church St

The group undertook an architectural appraisal of the Tranent Conservation Area. Criteria included building height, age, material, use, size, window and door style and material, wall treatment, roof material and contribution to the area. Contribution will be assessed in Chapter 6 with our recommendations.

Height Most structures tend to be one to two storeys. Buildings on the small winding roads off Church Street tend to be one storey, while Church Street itself tends to be more mixed (Fig 2.36-37). Both High and Bridge streets contain mainly two-storey buildings (Fig 2.35).

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.38: Slate and pantile are the most common roofing materials

Fig 2.39: Pantile roof rimmed with slate (common in Fife)

Right: Map 4: Roof materials survey,

produced by authors in GIS.

Roof Typical roof materials include slate and pantile (Fig 2.38). Pantile is more common in the side streets, while slate dominates the main avenues. Some synthetics and other materials are also present. Some buildings display a distinctive combination of pantile rimmed with slate (Fig 2.39). Modern developments, like that in the top left of Map 4, use a range of roofing styles, including slate, pantile, and modern clay tiles. 26

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.40-41: Examples of ashlar and rubble structures

Fig 2.42: Colored harl finish

Fig 2.43: Cement render

Wall Finish Though most structures are built of stone, their surfaces are treated in a variety of ways. Lime and cement-harled buildings are mostly found on the smaller roads back from Church Street. Church Street itself displays a mix of these and ashlar. Buildings on High and Bridge streets tend to be ashlar (Fig 2.40-41). Additional treatments include brick, wood or metal cladding, and other wall finishes. Cement harling is a particular problem in Tranent, causing significant damage to both the fabric of the walls and the character of the area (Fig 2.42-44). 28

Fig 2.44: Poor use of cement

Right: Map 5: Wall finish survey,

produced by authors in GIS.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.45: Traditional sash-and-case windows

Fig 2.46: Modern sash-and-case windows among other types

Doors and Windows Materials and design of doors and windows are mixed. Both timber and synthetic examples are widespread, with metal appearing in some cases. The most common windows are sash-and-case and casement (Fig 2.45-46). 30

Right: Map 6: Window material survey,

produced by authors in GIS.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.47: More sympathetic development on Sanderson’s Wynd

Map 8: These unsympathetic developments have fewer restrictions. Produced by authors.

New Developments

Fig 2.48: Unsympathetic modern developments

Several developments have been added in the areas behind Church Street in the 20th century. Some, like the new development along Sanderson’s Wynd, are quite sympathetic developments within the Conservation Area, respecting the material, design, massing, and street layout of the area’s character (Fig 2.47). Others are unsympathetic to the Conservation Area, either by choice of material, design or poor synthesis into the historic fabric. Such areas need not have the same restrictions to development, and any works undertaken in the future should follow the example of the Sanderson’s Wynd development. 1-20 The Orchard, 5-51 Fowler Street, and 1-17/220 The Heugh are such examples of unsympathetic buildings (see Map 8, Fig 2.48-49).

Fig 2.49: Unsympathetic modern developments

Left: Map 7: Door type survey,

produced by authors in GIS. 33

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.50-52: Derelict buildings and plots such as these sit adjacent to residential and public buildings. This

is a negative contribution to the area, and should be repaired if possible.

Vacant and Derelict Buildings Several vacant buildings sit scattered throughout the Conservation Area. Partial vacancy is also an issue (Fig 2.50-52). Note that due to the limited nature of the survey, it was not possible to accurately judge partial vacancy; we anticipate it to be more widespread than reflected in this map. Vacancy or partial vacancy discourages proper maintenance, and thus leads to the dilapidation of historic fabric. It is also a symptom of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social and economic challenges, and cyclically discourages improvement of these issues.

Right: Map 9 Vacancy survey,

produced by authors in GIS.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.53-54: Traditional cottages on Church St

Use Most structures along Church Street and the short winding back roads are residential, with few scattered public structures. Bridge Street hosts a variety of residential, mixed and public-use buildings. High Street is primarily comprised of residential, public and commercial units. Because of this difference in use of the two distinct sections of the Conservation Area, we will summarize the typical character of both areas: As we have seen, some of the oldest buildings of the town sit along Church Street, and are excellent examples of miners’ and farmers’ cottages. Short side streets twist back from this road, in many cases following or punctuated by former plot boundary walls. The buildings are generally small one- to twostorey stone residential houses with slate or pantile roofs (Fig 2.53-4). 36

Bridge and High Street make up the commercial portion of the town. Bridge Street features mainly residential buildings, transitioning to mixed use and primarily commercial spaces east towards High Street. The quality of High Street’s buildings is varied. In general, however, high traffic and poor pedestrian flow detrimentally impact the area. Victorian to modern shopfronts are found along High Street in particular, also of varying quality and maintenance (Fig 2.55-56). Some owners have taken advantage of CARS funding to refurbish their shopfronts. They provide a positive contribution to High Street and act as an example for other owners (Fig 2.57). Several shops have historic shopfronts, often in less than good condition. However, with some work and investment, following the example of the Snak Shak shown to the right, these buildings could contribute positively to the area (Fig 2.58).

Fig 2.55 & 2.56: Unsympathetic and vacant shopfronts

Fig 2.57: Renewed shopfront of “Snak Shak” with support from CARS

Fig 2.58: Historic shopfront with non-sympathetic modern windows

Fig 2.59 & 2.60: Rear side of adjacent properties on High St

Fig 2.61: Sheds of poor condition, common in backsides of plots

Fig 2.62: Boxing gym set up in former church

Fig 2.63: Vacant buildings on Winton Place

There is often a disconnect between the façade of buildings on High Street and their side or rear. This home goods store (Fig 2.59) occupies only part of the building, and though the façade is in good condition, its other sides significantly detract from both the area around it, and the historic buildings adjacent to it (Fig 2.60). This is not hidden from the public: parking for the shop is in the rear of the building, regularly exposing customers and neighbouring residents to the poorly designed and maintained structure.

A church on High Street has been repurposed as a local boxing gym (Fig 2.62). Though materially the building’s condition could be improved with better care and maintenance and the removal of cement pointing, its new use creates a positive social impact in the community.

The areas between High Street’s buildings and their plot boundary walls often contain small brick sheds roofed with corrugated metal, which are generally in poor condition (Fig 2.61).

Refurbishment works on Winton Place will create a positive contribution to High Street. To the rear, however, sit derelict buildings that make the area both unpleasant and dangerous for children who play nearby (Fig 2.63).

Left: Map 10: Building use survey, produced by authors in GIS.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Listed & Important Buildings

Fig 2.64: Tranent’s oldest church

Parish Church - B Listed Probably founded by missionary monks in the 8th century, Tranent’s parish church is first cited in written record in 1145, when the local landowner Thorald son of Swan granted benefices to the Augustinian Canons Regular of Holyrood Abbey29. Built on a rocky outcrop overlooking a coal bearing ravine, its position was convenient for the original settlement along the Heugh, and later for the village built on the higher ground to the east30.

The original building was destroyed in the 1540s and stood roofless for years31. The structure was almost completely rebuilt between 1799 and 1800 in a rectangular shape with a bell tower at the east end32 (Fig 2.64). The 20th and 21st centuries saw additional modifications33. 2009 additions included a small kitchen, a disabled access toilet and a lift to the upper gallery was proposed34. Perhaps the church’s most important feature is its graveyard, which has been the local burial ground for over 800 years until 190535. 31 Ibid, 3. 32 Ibid, 4-8.

29 John Greig and Tom Hogg, Tranent Parish Church: A brief history of its place

33 Ibid, 8-15.

of worship (Tranent: 1998, revised 2016) 1.

34 Ibid, 18-9.

30 Idem.

35 Ibid, 22.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.65: Tranent Tower

Fig 2.66: Tranent Infant School (current state)

Tower - Listed Monument

Tranent Infant School - B Listed

Presumably built in the late 16th century, Tranent Tower is a three-storey L-shape building that is thought to have belonged to the Seton family36 (Fig 2.65). It is built of brown sandstone rubble, measures 7.6x11.1m, and would have had a small crenellated parapet that was removed due to the alteration of the upper storey37. The upper storey was originally conceived as a watch-chamber, but was transformed into a dovecot38. The field that it backed has now been transformed into the residential development of Sanderson’s Wynd39. Currently, the tower is derelict and temporarily supported by scaffolding40. It is possible that the cottage on its west side incorporates some elements of the original structure41.

Tranent Infant School is a vacant U-shape building. Built in 1928 of red brick, it has a harled base course, a bell-cast roof with grey slates and is detailed with cream sandstone ashlar dressings and diamondshaped motifs in the gableheads (Fig 2.66)42. The building is now in generally good condition but in need of a new use. It was added to the Buildings at Risk Register in the early 2010s43. A popular gathering place for youngsters and often targeted by vandals, it was recently proposed to bring it back to use, either again as a primary school, or as a nursery44.

42 “Sanderson’s Wynd, Tranent Infant School with Gates and Gatepiers, Retaining Walls and Shelters: A Category B Listed Building in Tranent, East Lothian,” British Listed Buildings, accessed February 24, 2019, https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200388547-sandersons-wynd-tranent-infant-school-with-gates-

36 “Tranent Tower,” Stravaiging around Scotland, accessed February 13, 2019,

and-gatepiers-retaining-walls-and-shelters-tranent-wallyford-and-macmerry-

http://www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/tranent-tower

ward#.XHLWM-hKiUk

37 “A History of Tranent,” Seton Residences, Accessed February 13, 2019.

43 “Infant School (Former), Sanderson’s Wynd, Tranent,” Buildings at Risk:

http://www2.thesetonfamily.com:8080/gallery/Tranent_Tower_History.htm

38 ‘’Archaeology Notes’’, Canmore, accessed February 13, 2019, https://can-

org.uk/details/916644

more.org.uk/event/714738

44 Cameron Ritchie, “Former Tranent Infant School building set to be brought

39 ‘’Tranent Tower’’

back into use,” East Lothian Courier. 25 December 2018, https://www.eastlothi-

40 Idem.

ancourier.com/news/17311349.former-tranent-infant-school-building-set-to-be-

41 Idem.

brought-back-into-use/

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.67: Cottage on 252 Church St

Other Listed Buildings

Group of Cottages

Except for public buildings previously, general characteristics of listed buildings in Tranent can roughly be divided into three brackets: groups of cottages along Church Street, individual properties around the junction of Church Street and High Street, and others (Map 10).

The group of cottages along Church Street are likely the oldest buildings, built during late 18th to early 19th century45. They are dotted around the northern half of the street, and as such have been under less threat from development.

Church St, 10 Flower St)

(110,121,205,246,252

With mostly 2-storey and 3-bay structure, those cottages have identical masonry structures, while the exteriors differ to each other in rendering, windows, and roof tiles46. Although some of these alterations damage historic fabric, the buildings’ value is high, as they reflect both the mining town’s historic development and its general atmosphere (Fig 2.67). 45 “110 Church Street with Retaining Walls,” British Listed Buildings, Accessed 21 March 2019, https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200388522-110-churchstreet-with-retaining-walls-tranent-wallyford-and-macmerry-ward 46 Idem.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.69: Tranent War Memorial

Fig 2.68: Building on 71 High Street

Fig 2.70: Former headquarters of Co-op Society

Sequential Properties Around Junction of Church Street and High Street

Others

(8-10 (Even Numbers) Church St, 4-6 (Even Numbers) Church St, 1-3 (Odd Numbers) Bridge Street, and 2 Church Street, High Street, 3 Bridge Street, Royal Bank of Scotland, 71 High Street)

The Tranent War Memorial and former headquarters of the East Lothian Co-Operative Society play an important role in the community, while 1-9 (Inclusive) Viewforth Terrace are residential.

The buildings around this area demonstrate a variety of age, type, and architectural style, and many have served as restaurants, banks and grocery shops (Fig 2.68). They make up 2 storey-streetscapes with other non-listed properties, aligned along Church, High and Bridge streets47. Historical development and level to which buildings have been altered can be seen in the historical photos (see Chapter 2).

• High Street, Tranent War Memorial and Railings, B Listed (Fig 2.69) • East Lothian Co-Operative Society Ltd, C Listed (Fig 2.70). Given the historical significance for local communities, promoting this to a higher ranking could be arguable. • Edinburgh Road, 1-9 (Inclusive) Viewforth Terrace with Retaining Walls (B) is suburban sequential terrace that would have been built by a local architect.

47 “8-10 (Even Numbers) Church Street,” British Listed Buildings, Accessed 21 March 2019, https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200388520-8-10-even-numbers-church-street-tranent-wallyford-and-macmerry-ward#.XJOpHy10eNY

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: ARCHITECTURAL APPRAISAL

Fig 2.71 & 2.72: Stone walls run through the Conservation Area

Map 12: Wall Distribution, produced by authors.

Wall Distribution Former boundary walls in varying condition are dispersed throughout the Conservation Area (Map 12). Some are well taken care of, some are covered in cement, and others feature prominent vegetal growth (Fig 2.71-72).

Left: Map 11: Listed buildings, produced by authors in GIS.

Several walls define walking paths in the town. These paths and walls are in varying condition, which will be discussed further in Chapter 6.

3. ONGOING & PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS

A number of planning documents address issues in Tranent ranging from land use and movement to public spaces and the built environment48. Analysis of these documents shows that the Council has a clear understanding of the various issues facing the town centre and a vision of how to improve the situation. Many of the current issues were already acknowledged over 50 years ago. For example, in 1972, traffic was highlighted as one of the worst problems in the town49. Other issues identified include the lack of suitable parking in the town centre, rundown buildings, danger to pedestrians, and High Streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s general lack of maintenance and planning control50. 48 For example: Tranent Town Strategy 2018, East Lothian Local Plan, Tranent Local Plan, Tranent Town Centre Charette 2015, Local Transport Strategy, Local Housing Strategy Faâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;side Area Partnership Area plan 49 Lawrie Nisbet, Tranent Town Centre Improvement Scheme: South Side Comprehensive Development Area (LN, 1972), 1, 28. 50 Ibid., 29.

The town is still facing essentially the same challenges, though recent projects have begun to tackle some issues. Three of these projects are discussed here. Each contributes positively to the historic environment and vitality of the town centre by giving new life to vacant buildings.

Figure 3.1: Historic building in the center of Tranent that is being revitalized with support from CARS. Winton Place can be seen on right.

Conservation Area Regeneration Scheme (CARS) 2015-2020 CARS, administered by Historic Environment Scotland, supports cohesive heritage-focused community and economic growth projects within conservation areas across Scotland. In Tranent, grant expenditure prioritizes predominantly High Street. Support targets shopfronts, building repairs and improvement of vacant Co-op buildings with total funding of over £570,000. Community involvement and awareness activities, such as traditional skill training sessions and community led history walks, are organized as part of the scheme. Though the scheme provides attractive grant rates (ex. 70% for the renewal of shopfronts), some owners are reluctant to get involved. Nonetheless, the positive impact of CARS is already evident both visually and in increased footfall51. 51 Snak Shak, one of the businesses who have taken advantage of the scheme,

One of the most important current CARS projects is the revitalization of the former Co-op headquarters between Winton Place and the Church Street (see Figure 3.1). This will host a post office, shop and café with a terrace, and residential units on the upper floors. The historic shopfront is sympathetically restored and posters regarding historic town centres have been permanently introduced in the windows. The project also hopes to revitalise Winton Place’s historic popularity. Rather than simply giving the building a ‘facelift,’ which seems to be a weakness in many other CARS projects, this is a good example of an attempt to revitalize a place in a complex and sustainable way.

has grown their customer base since CARS-funded improvements. East Lothian Council, “Tranent Town Centre Strategy: Supplementary Guidance to the East Lothian Local Development Plan 2018,” 2018.

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: DEVELOPMENTS

Fig 3.2: A new extension to the Fraser Centre

The Fraser Centre The Fraser Centre Community Trust, in partnership with the Council, has received a grant of £730,000 to rebuild the former cinema into a modern community hub for learning, development, arts and entertainment52. It was awarded by the Scottish Government Regeneration Capital Grant Fund (RCGF), with additional support from the Big Lottery Fund and other sources. The project involves both the refurbishment of the former cinema facing Winton Place, and a new extension to the rear (Fig 3.2-3). The centre is planned to open in September 2019 and will offer a variety of social, health, educational and business opportunities, as well as continuing to screen films.

52 The Fraser Center, “£730,000 boost to the Fraser centre rebuild project,” Accessed 23 March 2019, http://www.thefrasercentre.com/2017/03/13/730000boost-fraser-centre-rebuild-project/

Fig 3.3: The Fraser Centre occupies a building formerly used as a cinema, a warehouse and a church

ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST: DEVELOPMENTS

Fig 3.4: The former Infant School is planned to be refurbished for early years educational nursery facility by 2021

Tranent Infant School

Miscellaneous

The former Tranent Infant School (B listed), just outside the Conservation Area, has been vacant and subject to vandalism for over a decade (Fig 3.4). It is foreseen to be repurposed as an early years educational nursery facility by 2021, ideally with government funding through the “Early years framework.”

Other important plans include improvements of traffic flow and maintenance of air quality, reorganization of car parking, improvement of the Civic Square by Winton Place and the introduction of public Wi-fi. There are also plans to create a high quality cycle and walking path running east-west through East Lothian between towns and villages including Tranent, as well as small parks between the school and Lindores Drive, and in the place of the George Johnson Centre car park53. However, the realization of these plans are unknowable at the time of this report.

53 East Lothian Council, “Tranent Town Centre Strategy 2018”

4. CHARACTER STATEMENT

Tranent has developed around the intersecting High and Church streets. Much of its original layout, defined by a disperse plan, short streets, narrow plots, well proportioned buildings, pends and alleys, has remained unchanged. This includes open and semi-enclosed public spaces that should be preserved as a witness of the town’s development. The town’s formation and development was very much influenced by the coal mining industry that was present from the 13th up until the 20th century. Physically, it is evident in the waggonway on the western boundary of the conservation area, and some remaining typical miners’ cottages on and around the Church street. The aftermath of the industry’s decline is reflected in the socio-economic situation of the town’s centre being one of the most deprived in Scotland in terms of employment and income.

The streetscape is defined by mostly 19th and 20th century stone buildings of 2 storeys, with wooden doors, sash-and-case windows and pitched roofs with chimneys. Pantile and slate are the typical roofing materials. Different treatment of surfaces, especially the prevailing detrimental practise of using cement rendering and synthetic paints, decrease otherwise quite uniform feeling of the town. The High Street is distinguished by continuous retail use and multiple shopfronts. Ongoing efforts to improve their condition add to the character and harmonious look of the street. The building of the former Crown Hotel adds to the interest of the main street, while the Civic centre built in the 1960s stands out as rather unsympathetic development.

The Co-op society, the commercial properties of which dominated the town centre from the late 19th century to 1960s, left a prominent mark in many peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives and development of the town. Its decline also resulted in a number of vacant buildings which contribute negatively to the historic environment.

The Heugh with mature trees and other smaller green spaces located around the conservation area contribute positively to the balanced urban environment and hold a lot of potential for the improvement of public spaces. Existing spaces should be preserved and improved, while the development of others should be encouraged.

The oldest buildings of the town include the 16th century Tranent Tower and Doocot, the 18th century Parish church, manse and historic graveyard, and the 19th century former Wishart Church. They are distributed around the conservation area, thus providing points of interest in its different parts.

Stone walls, which historically defined plot boundaries, coincide to a large degree with boundaries of and within the conservation area. Visually, they tie its different parts together and provide a strong sense of cohesiveness.

Post-war housing constitutes a significant proportion of the conservation area. Though quite contrasting to historic buildings, some more modern developments are respectful in terms of modest building volumes, formation of semi-enclosed spaces and the meandering street pattern. 51

5. SWOT ANALYSIS »» Several large-scale projects on High St make regeneration a visible priority of the town »» Uniformity of building height contributes to a harmonious urbanscape »» Remaining street layout, walls, and historic structures link the area to its history »» Good transport links to surrounding area »» Strong local community that has knowledge of and interest in local history »» Community involvement in regeneration planning, education and advocacy »» Continuous retail use of the High St

»» Limited parking in town, esp. near High St »» Streetscape is unfriendly to pedestrians, cyclists, or people with disabilities »» Lack of developed and maintained public and green spaces »» High traffic on main thoroughfares »» Limited variety/quality of shops and services »» 20th C developments do not contribute to the CA »» Commuter town characteristics: residents do not spend significant time in the town »» Derelict, poorly maintained buildings and shopfronts detract from character of the CA »» Poor material repairs throughout »» Façadism, mainly on High Street

»» Various funding programmes can provide support for regeneration of buildings, shopfronts, community development »» Improving public and civic spaces »» Reducing traffic volume and increasing/ regulating parking »» Improving the buildings highlighted on page 62 of this report »» Potential to include south side of Bridge St in CA »» Public Wifi would encourage people to spend time on High St, as well as being attractive to businesses »» Encourage further interaction between the community and conservation professionals

»» Continuing lack of maintenance harms fabric and aesthetics of the CA »» Use of cement damaging to building fabric »» New developments at Blindwells and other areas may draw people away from town centre and make CA less relevant »» Commuter town characteristics and income deprivation result in economic problems and discourage development, maintenance and vitality of the town »» Lack of personnel at the Council responsible for Tranent’s Conservation Area »» Lack of street lighting, poor paths, and high traffic pose a safety threat to pedestrians »» The CARS scheme is not guaranteed past 2020, and primarily focuses on shopfronts, making funding future projects a challenge

6. RECOMMENDATIONS

The insights and recommendations presented in this chapter were concluded after appraising the Tranent Conservation Area and studying national guidance documents related to conservation areas (PAN 71, “A Guide to Conservation Areas in Scotland,” “Appraisal and Management”) and the supplementary planning guidance to the East Lothian LDP on Cultural Heritage and the Built Environment. In addition, guidance documents and research carried out in England were also analysed (Historic England publication “Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management”, research report “Heritage Counts 2017”, research report “An assessment of the effects of conservation areas on value” 2012).

Purpose of Designation

Conservation

Area

In order to make a sound assessment of the existing conservation area and to provide substantiated recommendations on its boundaries and management, the purpose of the conservation area designation should first be clarified.

In the national legislation, conservation area is defined as of “special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.” After all, conservation area designation is not about preventing change but about managing it carefully. Thus, when assessing the urban fabric, it is essential to understand which losses would be of damage to the character and distinctiveness of the area, and to provide clear reasoning behind conservation related policies, controls and plans. If managed properly, it can increase the quality and stability of the built environment, remove uncertainty regarding future changes in the character of the location, create a unique sense of place-based identity, and encourage community cohesion54.

54 Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, An assessment of the effects of conservation areas on value, The London School of Economics and political science, 2012, Accessed 25 February 2019, https://content.historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/research/assessment-ca-value.pdf

RECOMMENDATIONS: CA BOUNDARY

Conservation Area Boundaries Based on the above Character Statement, we make the following proposals for the boundaries of the Conservation Area: 1. West Boundary: The Waggonway’s historic significance makes it advisable to maintain in the Conservation Area. Due to the area’s topography which provides a natural boundary we propose to maintain the existing West boundary. 2. North Boundary: The doocot, one of the oldest structures in Tranent, is vital to include in the Conservation Area. The boundary wall still marks the northern edge of Tranent, and as such serves as a logical boundary for the conservation area. 3. East Boundary: Stone walls and a footpath provide a logical boundary to this side of the Conservation Area. Recent development to the east respects both the footpath and walls, so this boundary should be kept. 4. South Boundary: We propose an expansion of the western half of the Southern boundary to extend to New Row (Map 13). The following is our reasoning: New Row has been a part of the fabric of Tranent since the earliest clear maps were drawn of the town (Fig 6.1). Because the street layout is integral to the town’s character 54

(see Character Statement), it is vital to include this element of the town’s original fabric. A historic boundary wall and several historic buildings are present on the property, as proven by old maps. The northern half of Bridge Street is currently in the Conservation Area; including the southern part would improve the cohesiveness of the street. Historically, the junction of New Row and Bridge Street was a vibrant crossing. Nisbet reports in 1972 that a shop, cafe and launderette around this junction “give vitality to the scene”55. Inclusion of this area into the cultural core of the town (and enabling access to funding by this inclusion) would encourage owners to revitalize this historically vibrant area (Fig 6.2). Multiple buildings between this junction and the Civic Square were formerly Co-op buildings. Not only are these historically significant structures, including them would also improve the setting of the northern half of the Conservation Area. They conform to the typical materials, massing, and construction of buildings on the High Street.

55 Nisbet, 27.

RECOMMENDATIONS: CA BOUNDARY

1850s Map

Mar 06, 2019 11:34

Scale 1:7500 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000 m

Kathleen Cooper

Fig 6.2: Nisbet’s 1972 report records the vitality

University of Edinburgh

Projection: British National Grid

of the intersection

Fig 6.1: 1850s map of Tranent. New Bow was already a significant street in the town at this time

Map 13: Proposed CA boundary 55

We propose that the Civic Square not be included in this extension. This is not an architectural judgement of the Civic Centre, though it represents an unsympathetic intervention in the town fabric (Fig 6.3). The following are the reasons for not including it in the extension: Many of the initial aims of the civic centre have been moved out of the building and area. For example: • A post office - now at 22 Winton Place. • Ministry of Social Security and Offices for the Department of Employment and Productivity the building now hosts Radio Saltire. It is now underused and its original civic use is gone. • A public library - library moved to 35 Winton Place. • Large Co-op store and five smaller shops - the co-op store is gone, and shops reduced56.

The general lack of civic space in the town57 makes this an area with potential for change and improvement that should not be impeded by the same restrictions as the elements of the town that are better examples of the town’s character. Edinburgh Road: the portion of the Conservation Area extending to the west of the Heugh are to be maintained in the conservation area. These buildings are the first of Tranent to expand west of the Heugh in the late 19th century, and as such are witnesses of the town’s development along its axes (Fig 6.4). Some areas of 20th century development do not contribute to the character of the area, and therefore do not require as stringent regulation: 1-20 The Orchard, 5-51 Fowler Street, and 1-17/220 The Heugh (Fig 6.4)58. The new care home along Coal Neuk Court could be included, allowing freedom for change within the architecture, as these regions are more important in the context of the Conservation Area’s layout. 57 As learned from a conversation with Jaime Baker of East Lothian Council, and generally visually evident in the town.

56 Nisbet, 6.

58 Correspondents with East Lothian Council.

Fig 6.3: Civic Centre is of modernist characteristic

Fig 6.4: 1890s map illustrates the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s expansion to the west of the Heugh

RECOMMENDATIONS: PROPOSAL ANALYSIS

Proposal Analysis As part of the Appraisal Survey in Chapter 2, Assessment of Special Interest: Architectural Appraisal, a general assessment of contribution was included. The assessment judged the building regardless of vacancy or reversible alterations, examining instead what can be salvaged given time and money. The type of building was balanced with its condition - for example, a historic building in poor condition or with unsympathetic material repairs could be neutral - the same as a newer building of acceptable or good condition. The assessment was undertaken as follows: Positive contribution: • A building that is in good condition • A building that acts as an example for others to emulate in improving condition • May have some elements that are not ideal in terms of material (i.e. UPVC windows), if otherwise the building is in good condition Neutral: • A building with no extreme negative contribution, but nothing outstandingly positive either

• Historic buildings in fair condition, or with some material issues (i.e. UPVC) • New developments that are satisfactory examples of design and condition • Buildings that can be improved to become positive, or with basic regular maintenance will continue to be neutral • Have good potential for the conservation area, but need work Negative: • Significant work necessary • Significantly unsympathetic developments, not fitting to the Conservation Area Character • In extreme cases, demolition may be considered In general, buildings were assessed more positively taking into account the economic situation of the town and limited financial capabilities of its residents to improve the situation. Otherwise, some of the buildings that were assessed as of neutral contribution would have been evaluated as negative. This Contribution Assessment, combined with the understanding of Tranent’s character, history, and elements, has resulted in the following Proposals Map.

RECOMMENDATIONS: PROPOSALS

Map 14: Proposals Map (not to

TRANENT URBAN CONSERVATION PLAN - LEGEND

scale). Produced by authors.

Green spaces or public areas that, if updated, would positively impact the community.

SCHEDULED MONUMENT LISTED BUILDING: B LISTED BUILDING: C

Pavement finishes that detract from the character of the historic centre LEGALLY PROTECTED

Buildings that contribute strongly to the specific character of the historic centre for which retention and careful evaluation of future interventions is advisable, as well as individual consideration for the Orkney Local List Buildings that are neutral from the point of view of the character of the historic centre, for which replacement is possible, but advisable to be within the existing footprint and volume Buildings that detract from the specific character of the historic centre, for which demolition is advisable (with or without replacement)

Facades that need to be addressed, either through restoration of their historic fabric or revision of recent interventions (form and materials) that detract from their value to the character of the historic centre

Former street or plot lines which contribute to an understanding of the evolution of the urban structure of the historic centre and thus advisable to be marked on the pavement with different finishes or materials Boundary walls that contribute strongly to the specific character of the historic centre for which retention is advisable Green areas that contribute strongly to the specific character of the historic centre for which retention is advisable

EXISTING CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY PROPOSED CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY

SCALE 1:2500 @ A2 0 5m

25m

50m

100m

200m

RECOMMENDATIONS: MAP NOTES

Historic Street Pattern: since the earliest map we have of the relevant area is from 1850, historic thoroughfares are marked to that time. It is likely that these developed from earlier existing patterns, but it is interesting to note that so much of the earlier streetscape survives. Red Dots: improving these buildings will be a significant addition to the public experience: 71 High Street - this building is now at least partially vacant and in poor condition. Revitalizing this building would have a significant positive impact on the High Street (Fig 6.5). Doocot - the doocot is currently derelict and surrounded by plants and garbage. It is just off the former waggonway walking/cycling path; improving the condition of the building would improve the area (Fig 6.6). Tower - one of the oldest buildings in the town, Tranent Tower is currently covered in scaffolding. Some residents do not even know the tower exists59. With some work, this could be a significant positive impact on Tranent (Fig 6.7).

Fig 6.5: Example on High St that needs to be revitalized.

Former Faâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;side Lodge lot - empty lot from demolition of the former Faâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;side Lodge care home is in poor condition. The space could be developed into a public green space to improve the limited and generally poor quality spaces currently within the Conservation Area (Fig 6.8). School - the former infant school, though not directly within the Conservation Area, nevertheless impacts the area around it. Bringing the historic building back into use would inject life into this part of the town and would ameliorate the area around it (Fig 6.9).

59 According to a discussion with Jamie Baker of the East Lothian Council, the owner in Malaysia has likely never visited the site.

Fig 6.6: Doocot

RECOMMENDATIONS: MAP NOTES

Fig 6.7: Tranent Tower

Fig 6.8: Former Faâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;side Lodge lot

Fig 6.9: Former Tranent Infant School

RECOMMENDATIONS: CONSERVATION AREA

Conservation Area Management The following are recommendations for the more efficient management of the Tranent conservation area. They address weaknesses in existing policy and guidance documents, include principles and examples of good management practices, highlight the need to promote heritage maintenance, and propose ways to achieve these things. 1. As mentioned in Chapter 3 of this report, it has been observed that many of the current problems in Tranent recognised by the Council were the same over 50 years ago. It is strongly advised that the Council examines the reasons that impeded implementation of these plans before to properly respond to the problems. 2. There are 30 designated conservation areas in East Lothian and a character statement is prepared for each, but only Inveresk Conservation Area has a more comprehensive CA Character Appraisal. It is noted in the LDP that “in due course” these statements will be replaced by appraisals and management plans60. The Council is encouraged to prepare them (or set a timeline for their preparation) not only for better informed management but also for increased chances of funding. As mentioned in PAN 71, competition is high in securing financial assistance with over 600 conservation

areas in Scotland. Those applications that are accompanied by documents such as townscape audits and conservation area appraisals have better chances of receiving a grant. The same Advice Note should be consulted for the preparation of the character appraisal (“Appraisal Checklist”). A good example of a prepared comprehensive appraisal to be referred to is that prepared for South Queensferry. 3. Supplementary planning guidance to the the LDP on Cultural Heritage and the Built Environment provides guidelines only for “shop owners, shop tenants, architects and developers”61 but other householders of the conservation area are not addressed. Accordingly, information provided is very limited (mainly focused on shopfronts, advertisement display, external security) and does not provide advice on general repairs. In addition, its design could be improved so it would be better illustrated and easier to understand. Listed buildings and conservation area guidance prepared by the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park planning authority is recommended as a good practise example for both contents and design62. 4. Apart from the supplementary planning guidance, publications covering different topics of heritage maintenance could be prepared and 61 Local Development Plan 2018: Supplementary Planning Guidance, East Lothian Council, 1, 62 Listed buildings and conservation area guidance, Loch Lomond and the

60 Local Development Plan 2018, East Lothian Council, 140.

Trossachs National Park planning authority, 2017,

RECOMMENDATIONS: CONSERVATION AREA

distributed in public places (e.g. library, Fraser centre, church, etc.) for heritage owners. Owners could then consult directly the publications relevant to them (e.g. maintenance of rainwater goods). As an alternative to new publications, cooperation with Historic Environment Scotland could be sought to provide HES’ existing brochures in Tranent. 5. According to current legislation, if works in the conservation area have been carried out illegally, the owner is required return the property to its previous state. Otherwise, the council can do the works and invoice the owner. However, the Council is hesitant to do this because it is difficult to get the money back and its own budget is limited. Nonetheless, violations (such as recently illegally repainted façade of the building on 12 Church St) should be timely and effectively dealt with because such cases set a poor precedent. 6. In PAN 71, it is underlined that “The use of urgent works notices should not be reserved solely for buildings in an advanced state of disrepair. They can also target relatively inexpensive works where a building is at an early stage of decline. Addressing relatively minor issues such as blocked gutters or rhones can halt deterioration to a more serious and expensive condition.”63 Such urgent works notices are recommended to combat urgent problems in Tranent.

7. Annual monitoring is also very useful in understanding changes in the appearance and condition of a conservation area. 8. The work of urban design consultant Jan Gehl could be consulted when planning urban development, especially when dealing with traffic related problems. Gehl has effectively improved a number of cities, especially by improving pedestrian experience. Consulting his work would provide a good example for possibilities in Tranent. Sufficient human resources is an essential factor in ensuring proper conservation area management. Keeping in mind that there is only one responsible person for the historic environment working in the council, it might be a challenge to follow all these recommendations to full extent. As such, increasing personnel responsible for Tranent’s historic environment would be extremely beneficial.

63 Planning Advice Note PAN 71: Conservation Area Management, 2004, 9.

RECOMMENDATIONS: ENHANCING THE CONSERVATION AREA

Enhancing the Historic Environment by Heritage Interpretation via Stone Walls The stone walls that run through the conservation area are a prominent and characteristic feature of Tranent. Historically, these walls defined plot boundaries; nowadays, though this original function is gone, the walls are a cohesive element that ties together the entire conservation area. However, many walls are poorly maintained (Fig 6.10-11), and suffer from plant growth and cement rendering which accelerate their decay.

A good example of a similar project can be found in the village of Pieve di Ledro in northern Italy. The small town’s history is unfolded through the stories of local people in a photography exhibition titled “La memorie in mostra” (Fig 6.12-13). Photographs with short annotations enliven the walls of different buildings. An important feature is a small map in the corner of each display which creates a photographical route, helps to navigate the space, and allows the viewer to experience the town’s heritage by creating a direct link to the viewer’s physical space.

The value and importance of these walls could be enhanced by heritage interpretation. Just as the walls connect the physical fabric, historic photos displayed on them could bring the fragments of the town’s history together. Plaques with photos and stories would remind residents and visitors of town history and strengthen the feeling of community, local identity and character. The Tranent Tapes Oral History Project have gathered an audio archive of stories, which provides an excellent opportunity for local collaboration and involvement64.

A similar photography exhibit could be created on the stone walls in Tranent (Fig 6.14-15). It is important to note that this project would not be limited to the creation of the exhibition itself. The project would also encompass the development of the surroundings, including the repairs of the walls, improvements of sidewalks, lighting and street furniture, as these are all incorporated in relationship between the heritage interpretation and the path visitors would take to follow the photographic trail.

64 See Regenerate Tranent’s projects on Facebook: https://www.facebook. com/TranentRegen/?eid=ARDWd5CVrbW3UnMSGgecsRYapdIrz8GMAvaLvWJMiRx4bKrNJ00FlPcl1dfUtg-1-AuJ3HWGRPZm13OU

RECOMMENDATIONS: ENHANCING THE CONSERVATION AREA

Fig 6.10 & 6.11: Poor maintenance of stone walls reflected in vegetation and cement rendering

Fig 6.12: Display of ‘La memorie in mostra’ on the wall of a building in Pieve di Ledro.

Fig 6.13: Historic photographs can enrich the experience of walking the street

RECOMMENDATIONS: BENEFITS

Benefits of the Proposed Project: • The project would reveal Tranent’s uniqueness and strengthen the sense of place. The photographic trail would also delineate the Conservation Area within the town. • Local involvement in wall repair would raise awareness of traditional techniques, natural materials, and would make participants feel more connected to and appreciative of the surrounding historic environment. • The project would bring different members and groups of community together for a shared purpose the results of which could be seen and enjoyed for a long time. • The exhibition would complement historic walks around the town, especially during events such as the annual East Lothian Archeology and Local History Fortnight. • The photographic route could become an attractive point of interest for those walking the John Muir way, or other touristic routes. • The project goes in line with existing strategies and principles which it would help to apply in practise:

»» One of three main needs identified by the Citizens’ panel survey (2018) was that of a more attractive environment. »» A strategic set of principles formulated for the town centre as a result of Tranent Charette included “Better pedestrian spaces, paths and crossings” and the aim to “make much more of the Tranent heritage and identity”65. »» In the “Design” section of the LDP, a successful place is defined by the following 6 qualities: distinctive, safe and pleasant, easy to move around, welcoming, adaptable and resource efficient66. This project would realise in practice distinctiveness, welcoming, easy to move around, and potentially other principles as well.

65 East Lothian Council, Tranent Town Centre Strategy 2018, 37. 66 East Lothian Council, Local Development Plan 2018, 146.

RECOMMENDATIONS: BENEFITS

Fig 6.14: An example of designed plate that indicate historic boundary walls, Image from author

Fig 6.15: Rendering showing interaction with wall plates, Image from author 67

RECOMMENDATIONS: IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation The community should be a driving force behind such a project. The APOGI project (see Community in Chapter 2) has many characteristics that can be emulated67. The walls project should be similarly community-driven, involving the East Lothian Tenants and Residents Panel, the Council, and individual community members. The project can also be linked directly, by including a panel documenting the APOGI event and perhaps telling the story of particular tally numbers, which would tie the Conservation Area to the larger community of Tranent. In addition to plaques and repair works, a pamphlet could interpret the walk and provide an overview of the project. These pamphlets could be made available at the library, post office, civic and community centres, local shops and online. 67 East Lothian Council, “APOGI - A Place of Great Importance”

More information about the project, town and conservation area could be provided online (with a link included in the pamphlet), which could also advertise events in the community that relate to the walls project (such as trainings with the Scottish Lime Centre, etc.). A long-term plan could be the inclusion of a QR code on each plaque to link directly to more information, or possibly an AR experience. Arranging designed plates would be an effective way to indicate the walls’ significance in Tranent’s history, and encourage the residents’ sense of place. By telling stories and showing pictures of history, residents are incorporated in their town’s ongoing history, and community projects to maintain walls and design and put up signs would encourage the awareness and responsibilities of local residents to maintain the walls (Map 15). In this way, the project would improve both the environmental and social experience of the town.

RECOMMENDATIONS: IMPLEMENTATION

Map 15: Remaining boundary walls and their condition

RECOMMENDATIONS: ACTION PLAN

ACTION PLAN Actions to be taken

Important notes

NECESSARY Formation of the project team

- It is essential that the team include representatives of both the community and the council. Various community members, groups and trusts should be involved, such as the Coalfields regeneration trust, the participants of the Blooming Belters project, Heugh community garden, elders from the Tranent and Crookston Care Homes, local schools, and resident panels. - The project should be community-led. Supports and management from the East Lothian Council and Faâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;side Area Partnership are indispensable (e.g the council can source technical support and guidance and the area partnership can delegated budgets from the council).

Ensuring funding for the project and works on the surroundings

- It is important to consider other ongoing and planned developments and seek synergies which could also attract the needed funding and participation. For example, it could be incorporated into a planned high quality cycle and walking path (LDP proposal T3), and APOGI project. - The local community could consider setting up a trust and become a member of Development Trusts Association Scotland (https:// dtascot.org.uk). There are currently 250 such trusts around Scotland but none in the East Lothian. These are community led enterprises which seek to bring about social, economic and environmental change. The Trust could apply for funding sources that are not available for the Council. - Funding could also be sought from the National Lottery Grants for Heritage, the local Rotary Club and other sources indicated in the Heritage Funding Directory.

Selection of historic photos and annotations, locations for placing the photos. Design work on the exhibition

- SCRAN holds a great online collection of historic photos that could be used for the purposes of the project (apart from other 1sources); - The selection of photos and annotations should reflect distinctive features of Tranent, its history and people. This should include Tranent as one of the oldests coal mining communities in Scotland, showcase interesting historic events such as the visit of the Queen Elizabeth in 1956, explain the role that co-operative society played in the town, and tell the story of important buildings that were demolished.

RECOMMENDATIONS: ACTION PLAN

Repair of walls including the removal of plant growth and cement rendering, repointing with lime, reinstating lost stones

- The repair works could be turned into conservation workshops for the locals. Students enrolled in architectural conservation related programmes (e.g. at the Engine Shed, professional training programmes, University of Edinburgh) could be involved. - Partnerships should be sought with the Scottish Lime Center Trust to run the workshops (as it was done for the Heugh Community Garden Project in 2017). Other partnerships with the Scottish Historic Buildings Trust and Communities Scotland could be beneficial. - It is strongly advised to carry out the works during the summer season.

Informational and publicity activities

It is essential to keep the public informed on each stage of the project (the planning stage, implementation, results).

DESIRABLE Improving sidewalks by making them suitable for people with disabilities, with baby strollers, for elderly people and others

Cooperation with the charity organisation “Sustrans” is advised, an organisation which focuses on safe walking and cycling routes in Scotland and has experience of mediating between local authorities, communities and the government.

Improving lighting on the streets Essential in ensuring safe and pleasant environment.

Introducing more street furniture As highlighted in the Planning Advice Note 71, “standard, off-theshelf designs are usually inappropriate to the historic environment and authorities should consider the need for high quality, custom-designed solutions.”

7. CONCLUSION

Tranentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history is evident in its fabric even now. The development of the town is ingrained in its layout and streetscape, and though its historic buildings in many cases require maintenance and improvement, they noticeably ground the town in its heritage. Strong community interest in revitalizing the town and numerous improvement schemes have already created significant positive impacts in the Conservation Area. Continuing works on the High Street will hopefully change the commuter-based nature of the town, and inspire more owners to invest in the improvement of their properties throughout the rest of the Conservation Area. With continued investment and encouragement, as well as with the extension of the Conservation Area to include New Row, quality of residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lives can be significantly improved and the historic and cultural inheritance of the town can be nurtured for current and future generations.

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. An assessment of the effects of conservation areas on value. The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012. Accessed 25 February 2019. https://content.historicengland.org. uk/content/docs/research/assessment-ca-value.pdf. Alison, Scott. “Sanitary Inquiry - On the Sanitary Condition and General Economy of the Town Tranent, and the Neighbouring District in Haddingtonshire.” Scottish Mining Website, 1840. http://www.scottishmining.co.uk/434.html. Archives Hub. “Tranent Co-operative Society.” Accessed March 27, 2019. https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/ search/archives/22f12a30-5da5-3834-af08-6436c761f29a?component=667741b2-3a30-3135-8c5e616e184801ff&terms=tranent%20co-operative British Listed Buildings. “British Listed Buildings: History in Structure.” https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk Buildings at Risk: Register for Scotland. “Infant School (Former), Sanderson’s Wynd, Tranent.” Accessed February 24, 2019. https://www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/details/916644. Canmore. “Archaeology Notes.” Accessed February 13, 2019. https://canmore.org.uk/event/714738. Children’s Parliament. “Streets Ahead Tranent.” 2016. https://www.childrensparliament.org.uk/our-work/ streetsaheadtranent/. East Lothian Antiquarians and Field Naturalists Society. “Tranent.” The Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian. Accessed Feb 12, 2019. https://el4.org.uk/parish/tranent/. East Lothian Council. “APOGI - A Place of Great Importance.” Scottish Community Alliance. May 4, 2016. http://www.scottishcommunityalliance.org.uk/articles/2343/. East Lothian Council. “Appendix 7: Conservation Area Character Statements: Tranent.” In East Lothian Local Plan 2008 (2008): 45.

East Lothian Council. “Cultural Heritage and the Built Environment: Supplementary Planning Guidance 2018.” In Local Development Plan, 2018. East Lothian Council. “Success for StreetsAhead Tranent at top planning awards.” East Lothian Council. November 27, 2018, https://www.eastlothian.gov.uk/news/article/12902/success_for_streetsahead_ tranent_at_top_planning_awards. East Lothian Council, Tranent Town Centre Charrette Final Report, July 2015, East Lothian, 24. East Lothian Council. “Tranent Town Centre Strategy: Supplementary Guidance to the East Lothian Local Development Plan 2018.” 2018. https://eastlothianconsultations.co.uk/housing-environment/ldp-towncentre-strategies-sg/supporting_documents/1%20Tranent%20Town%20Centre%20Strategy%207.11.18. pdf. East Lothian Council. Tranent, Wallford & Macmerry Ward Profile. November, 2017. Greig, John and Tom Hogg. Tranent Parish Church: A brief history of its place of worship. Tranent: 1998, revised 2016. Groome, Francis H. Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical. Thomas C. Jack, Grange Publishing Works: Edinburgh: 1882-4. 2004. Historic England. “Conservation area designation, appraisal and management.” Historic England, 2016. Historic Environment Scotland. “Tranent Parish Church (Church of Scotland) with graveyard walls, gatepiers, gates and gravestones.” Accessed February 12, 2019. http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB42100. “History of Tranent in East Lothian.” A Vision of Britain Through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Accessed 23 Jan 2019. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/16682. John Gray Centre - Library, Museum & Archive. Accessed 1 March 2019. https://www.johngraycentre. org/ 75

Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Planning Authority. “Listed buildings and conservation area guidance.” 2017. Accessed 20 March 2019. https://www.lochlomond-trossachs.org/rr-content/ uploads/2017/01/Planning_20170227_Agenda5_Appendix2_Planning-Guidance-Listed-Buildings-and-Conservation-Areas.pdf. MacPherson, Iain. “Tranent Town Centre Charrette.” Kevin Murray Associates. August 27, 2015. http:// kevinmurrayassociates.com/tranent-town-centre-charrette.htm. “Mid-2016 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland.” National Records of Scotland. Accessed March 21, 2019. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2016/list-of-tables. M’Neill, Peter. Tranent and Its Surroundings : Historical, Ecclesiastical and Traditional. Leicester: Remploy, 1984. Mullay, Sandy. Scotland’s forgotten massacre. Moorfoot Publishing Edinburgh, 1979. Nisbet, Lawrie. Tranent Town Centre Improvement Scheme: South Side Comprehensive Development Area. LN, 1972. Orr, David. “£730,000 Boost to the Fraser Centre Rebuild Project.” The Fraser Centre, 13 March 2017. http://www.thefrasercentre.com/2017/03/13/730000-boost-fraser-centre-rebuild-project/. Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Accessed 21 March 2019. https://www. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/9/section/69 Public Contracts Scotland. “View Notice: The Fraser Centre Community Cinema.” 2017. https://www.publiccontractsscotland.gov.uk/search/show/search_view.aspx?ID=NOV300523. “Restoration Goal for the Tranent to Cockenzie Waggonway across which the Battle raged!” Baron Courts of Prestoungrange and Dolphinstoun. Oct 2007. http://www.battleofprestonpans1745.org/prestoungrange/html/news/show_news.asp?newsid=1964. Ritchie, Cameron. “Former Tranent Infant School building set to be brought back into use.” East Lothian Courier. 25 December 2018. https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/17311349.former-tranent-infantschool-building-set-to-be-brought-back-into-use/.

Sands, John. Sketches of Tranent in the Olden Time. Edinburgh: Printed for the Author by James Hogg, 1881. Scottish Executive Development Department. Planning Advice Note PAN 71: Conservation Area Management. 2004. Accessed 20 March 2019. https://www2.gov.scot/Publications/2004/12/20450/49052 Scottish Lime Centre. “Tranent Conservation Regeneration Scheme Training.” 2017. http://www.scotlime. org/en/news/article/tranent-conservation-regeneration-scheme-training/. Seton Residences. “A History of Tranent.” Accessed February 13, 2019. http://www2.thesetonfamily. com:8080/gallery/Tranent_Tower_History.htm. Stravaiging around Scotland. “Tranent Tower.” Accessed February 13, 2019. http://www.stravaiging.com/ history/castle/tranent-tower. Sharp, Marie. “Historic sign revealed by renovation.” East Lothian Courier. 16 August, 2017. https://www. eastlothiancourier.com/news/15476587.historic-sign-revealed-by-renovation/. Sharp, Marie. “Vandalised and ageing ex-care home set to be demolished.” East Lothian Courier. March 23, 2016. https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/14377969.vandalised-and-ageing-ex-care-homeset-to-be-demolished/. Schwalbach, Gerrit. Urban Analysis. Basics. Basel : London: Birkhäuser ; Springer [distributor], 2009. “Tranent.” Undiscovered Scotland. https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/tranent/tranent/index.html. “Tranent Parish Church.” Tranent Parish Church. http://www.tranentparishchurch.co.uk/index.html. “Tranent Town Centre Charrette: integrating past and present.” Willie Miller Urban Design. 2015. https:// www.williemiller.com/tranent-town-centre-charrette.htm “Tranent’s landmark former Co-op building to re-open in November.” East Lothian Courier. October 6, 2018.https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/16961379.tranents-landmark-former-co-op-build-ing-tore-open-in-november/ “Welcome to Tranent.” Visitoruk.com. http://www.visitoruk.com/Tranent/

9. LIST OF IMAGES

Fig 0.1: Shopfront being renewed under CARS scheme. Photo by authors. Page 1.

Chapter 1: Introduction Fig 1.1: Tranent’s Church Street, Photo by authors. Page 7. Timeline Maps: “A plan of the battle of Tranent fought Septr. 21st 1745.” Military Maps of Scotland (18th Century), National Library of Scotland. Accessed 2 April 2019. https://maps.nls.uk/military/rec/397. Page 8. 1850-1990s Maps of Tranent. Digimap. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/historic. Pages 8-9. Images: Timeline 1: Tranent Parish Church. John Greig and Tom Hogg. Tranent Parish Church: A brief history of its place of worship. (Tranent: 1998, revised 2016): 4. Page 8. Timeline 2: “The massacre of Tranent.” Andrew Hillhouse Prints, 2015. https://www.andrewhillhouseprints.co.uk/photo_14044958.html#photos_id=14044958. Page 8. Timeline 3: Meadowmill, East Lothian Antiquarians and Field Naturalists Society, “Tranent Environment,” The Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian, https://el4.org.uk/parish/tranent/environment/. Page 9. Timeline 4: Civic square, Idem. Timeline 5: Regeneration scheme, Children’s Parliament, “Streets Ahead Tranent,” 2016, https://www.childrensparliament.org.uk/our-work/streetsaheadtranent/. Page 9.

Chapter 2: Assessment of Special Interest: Map 1: Tranent’s relationship to Edinburgh & East Lothian. Image by authors. Page 10. Map 2: Town of Tranent and Conservation Area in blue. Image by authors with Digimap. Page 10.

Fig 2.1: Numbered map highlighting street views. Image by authors. Page 12. Fig 2.2: Postcard depicting the old Public School, 1907. John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1,2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/14/. Page 13. Fig 2.3: Old Public School, early 20th C, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/123/. Page 13. Fig 2.4: Existing view of site. Photo by authors. Page 13. Fig 2.5: Old Public School, early 20th C, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/70/. Page 13. Fig 2.6: Existing view from (1) on S end of Church St. Photo from Google maps. Page 13. Fig 2.7: View from (2) on Church St, 1930, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC_AI_333/. Page 14. Fig 2.8: Existing view from (2) on Church St. Photo from Google maps. Page 14. Fig 2.9: View from (3) on Church St, 1960-89, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https:// www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC_AI_185/. Page 14. Fig 2.10: Existing view from (3) on Church St Photo from Google maps. Page 14. Fig 2.11: View from (4) on High St, early 20th C, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/12/. Page 15. Fig 2.12: Existing view from (4) on High St. Photo from Google maps. Page 15. Fig 2.13: View from (5) on High St, early 20th C, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1,2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/52/. Page 15. Fig 2.14: Existing view from (5) on High St. Photo from Google maps. Page 15. Fig 2.15: View from (6) on High St, 1930, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/51/. Page 16. 79

Fig 2.16: Existing view from (6) on High St. Photo by authors. Page 16. Fig 2.17:View from (7) on High St, 1970, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/19/. Page 16. Fig 2.18: Existing view from (7) on High St. Photo by authors. Page 16. Fig 2.19: View from (8) on Bridge St, early 20th C, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/54/. Page 17. Fig 2.20: Existing view from (8) on Bridge St. Photo by authors. Page 17. Fig 2.21: View from (9) on New Row, 1970, John Gray Centre Archive. Accessed March 1, 2019. https://www.johngraycentre.org/collections/getrecord/ELCAS_IC/AI/241/. Page 17. Fig 2.22: Current view from (9) on New Row. Photo from Google maps. Page 17.

Community Table 1: Proportion of deprived population. Produced by authors. Page 19. Fig 2.23: Chart showing Tranent’s demographic characteristics. Image by authors. Page 18. Fig 2.24: Pre-charette engagement led by Icecream Architecture. East Lothian Council, “Tranent Town Centre Charrette final report”, July 2015, East Lothian, 24. Page 20. Fig 2.25: Children’s Parliament participated APOGI, Children’s Parliament, Twitter. Accessed March 21, 2019. https://twitter.com/creative_voices/status/728512082807787520. Page 20. Fig 2.26: Children’s Mural, Children’s Parliament, “StreetsAhead Tranent”. Accessed March 21, 2019. https://www.childrensparliament.org.uk/our-work/streetsaheadtranent/. Page 21. Fig 2.27: ‘Blooming Belters’ is a community-led project. Blooming Belters, Facebook. Accessed March 21, 2019. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1103522146473613&set=g.435425760257117&type=1&theater&ifg=1. Page 21.

Fig 2.28: Scottish Lime Centre Trust training at Heugh Community Garden. Scottish Lime Centre Trust, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tranent Conservation Regeneration Scheme Trainingâ&#x20AC;?, October 06, 2017. Accessed March 21, 2019. http://www.scotlime.org/en/news/article/tranent-conservation-regeneration-scheme-training/. Page 21.

Urban Analysis Fig 2.29: Narrow pedestrian path cuts off at awkward corner. Photo by authors. Page 22. Fig 2.30: Careless maintenance of pathway consistency. Photo by authors. Page 22. Fig 2.31: Pedestrian path awkwardly narrows around historic wall. Photo by authors. Page 23. Fig 2.32: Poorly maintained and unlit pathway. Photo by authors. Page 23. Fig 2.33: Unsightly and possibly hazardous wiring. Photo by authors. Page 23. Fig 2.34: Open space with great potential for community use. Photo by authors. Page 23.

Architectural Appraisal Map 3: Height relationships by storey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 25. Map 4: Roof materials survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 27. Map 5: Wall finish survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 29. Map 6: Window material survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 31. Map 7: Door type survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 32. Map 8: These unsympathetic developments have fewer restrictions. Produced by authors. Page 33. Map 9: Vacancy survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 35. Map 10: Building use survey. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 38. Fig 2.35 :Two story buildings dominate High St. Photo by Willie Miller. Accessed 13 February 2019. https://www.williemiller.com/tranent-town-centre-photogallery. Page 24. Fig 2.36 : One storey cottages around Church St. 109 Church St. Photo by authors. Page 24. Fig 2.37 : One-storey cottages around Church St. Photo by authors. Page 24.

Fig 2.38 : Slate and pantile are the most common roofing materials. Photo by authors. Page 26. Fig 2.39 : Pantile roof rimmed with slate (common in Fife). Photo by authors. Page 26. Fig 2.40 : Examples of ashlar and rubble structures. Photo by authors. Page 28. Fig 2.41 : Examples of ashlar and rubble structures. Photo by authors. Page 28. Fig 2.42 : Colored harl finish. Photo by authors. Page 28. Fig 2.43 : Cement render. Photo by authors. Page 28. Fig 2.44: Poor use of cement. Photo by authors. Page 28. Fig 2.45 : Traditional sash-and case windows. Photo by authors. Page 30. Fig 2.46: Modern sash-and-case windows among other types. Photo by authors. Page 30. Fig 2.47: More sympathetic development on Sanderson’s Wynd. Photo by authors. Page 33. Fig 2.48-2.49: Unsympathetic modern developments. Photo by authors. Page 33. Fig 2.50-2.52: Derelict buildings and plots such as these sit adjacent to residential and public buildings. This is a negative contribution to the area, and should be repaired if possible. Photos by author. Page 34. Fig 2.53-2.54: Traditional cottages on Church St. Photos by authors. Page 36. Fig 2.55: Unsympathetic and vacant shopfronts. Photo by Willie Miller. Accessed 13 February 2019. https://www.williemiller.com/tranent-town-centre-photogallery. Page 37. Fig 2.56: Unsympathetic and vacant shopfronts. Photo by authors. Page 37. Fig 2.57: Renewed shopfront of “Snak Shak” with support from CARS. Photo by authors. Page 37. Fig 2.58: Historic shopfront with non-sympathetic modern windows. Photo by authors. Page 37.

Fig 2.59-60: Rear side of adjacent properties on High St. Photo by authors. Page 39. Fig 2.61: Sheds of poor condition, common in backsides of plots. Photo by authors. Page 39. Fig 2.62: Boxing gym set up in former church. Photo by authors. Page 39. Fig 2.63: Vacant buildings on Winton Place. Photo by authors. Page 39.

Listed & Important Buildings Map 11: Listed buildings. Produced by authors in GIS. Page 44. Map 12: Wall distribution. Produced by authors. Page 45. Fig 2.64: Tranent’s oldest church. Accessed 30 March 2019. http://www.tranentparishchurch.co.uk/. Page 40. Fig 2.65: Tranent Tower. “View of Tranent Castle.” Canmore. c.1930. https://canmore.org.uk/collection/1576655. Page 41. Fig 2.66: Tranent Infant School (current state). Accessed 30 March 2019. https://www.eastlothiancourier. com/news/17311349.former-tranent-infant-school-building-set-to-be-brought-back-into-use/. Page 41. Fig 2.67: Cottage on 252 Church St. Accessed 30 March 2019. Photo from Google maps. Page 42. Fig 2.68: Building on 71 High Street. Accessed 30 March 2019. Photo from Google maps. Page 43. Fig 2.69: Tranent War Memorial. Accessed 30 March 2019. Photo from Google maps. Page 43. Fig 2.70: Former Headquarters of Co-Op Society. Accessed 30 March 2019. https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/news/16961379.tranents-landmark-former-co-op-building-to-re-open-in-november/. Page 43. Fig 2.71-72: Stone walls run through the Conservation Area. Photo by authors. Page 45.

Chapter 3: Ongoing and Planned Developments Fig 3.1: Historic building in the center of Tranent that is being revitalized with support from CARS. Winton Place can be seen on right. Photo by authors. Page 47. Fig 3.2: A new extension to the Fraser center. Sharp Marie. “Appeal to Help Major Fraser Centre Project.” East Lothian Courier. 24 February, 2017. Accessed March 24, 2019. https://www.eastlothiancourier.com/ news/15117067.appeal-to-help-major-fraser-centre-project/. Page 48. Fig 3.3: The Fraser Centre occupies a building that was formerly used as a cinema, a warehouse and even a church. Cinema Theatre Association. Accessed March 24, 2019. http://www.scottishcinemas.org. uk/scotland/tranent.html. Page 48. Fig 3.4: The former Infant School is planned to be refurbished for the early years educational nursery facility by 2021. Photo by authors. Page 49.

Chapter 6: Recommendations Map 13: Proposed CA boundary. Image by authors. Page 55. Map 14: Proposals Plan. Image by authors. Page 59. Map 15: Remaining boundary walls and their condition. Image by authors. Page 69. Fig 6.1: 1850s map of Tranent. New Bow was already a significant street in the town at this time. Digimap. Accessed March 30, 2019. Page 55. Fig 6.2: Nisbet’s 1972 report records the vitality of the intersection. Nisbet, “Tranent Town Centre Improvement Scheme: South Side Comprehensive Development Area”, 27. Page 55. Fig 6.3: Modernist Civic Centre is unsympathetic to the area. Photo by authors. Page 57. Fig 6.4: 1890s map illustrates the town’s expansion to the west of the Heugh. Digimap. Accessed 30 March 2019. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/historic. Page 57. Fig 6.5: 71 High Str in need of repairs. Photo by authors. Page 60. Fig 6.6: Doocot, Photo by authors. Page 60.

Fig 6.7: Tranent Tower, Photo by authors. Page 61. Fig 6.8: Former Fa’side Lodge lot. Photo by authors. Page 61. Fig 6.9: Former Tranent Infant School, Photo by authors. Page 61. Fig 6.10-11: Poor maintenance of stone walls reflected in vegetation and cement rendering. Photo by authors. Page 65. Fig 6.12: Display of ‘La memorie in mostra’ on the wall of a building in Pieve di Ledro. Photo by authors. Page 65. Fig 6.13: Historic photographs can enrich the experience of walking the street. Photo from Google Maps. Accessed 20 February, 2019. Page 65. Fig 6.14: An example of designed plate that indicate historic boundary walls. Image by authors. Page 67. Fig 6.15: Rendering showing interaction with wall plates. Image by authors. Page 67.

10. APPENDICES

This map shows the Tranent Conservation Area boundary, its listed

buildings and monuments, other buildings within the boundary, and open spaces.

Please note that the ages marked in the map require further detailed survey for confirmation. We recognize that several dates may be inaccurate, but we surveyed to the best of our ability.

This contribution map assisted in the development of the Proposals

plan on page 59. Criteria for contribution can be found on page 58.

The groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s survey of window design resulted in some noticeable

differences between the buildings west and east of Church Street. We believe this is a result of different understandings of window

design terminology rather than a physical difference in the area, as shown by photographs of the relevant buildings.

Thank you.