aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 (47)Burd af jrmuf tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm; tpnf;ta0;zGiyhf EJG iS hf (47)Burd af jrmuf tmqD,aH eYtcrf; tem;udk ,aeY eHeuf 9 em&DwGif aejynfawmf&Sd jrefrmtjynfjynfqkdif&muGefAif;&Sif;A[kdXme- 1 (MICC-I) ü usif;y&m EkdifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdef wufa&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/ tcrf;tem;okdY 'kwd,or®wrsm;jzpfMuaom zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;wGif EdkifiHawmfoHpkHwD;0dkif;ESifh a'gufwmpdik ;f armufcrf;ESifh OD;ÓPfxeG ;f ? jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIESihftEkynmwuúodkvf(&efukef) vTwfawmfem,u jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| ol& wkrYd S ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;u tmqD,o H cD si;f jzifh OD;a&Tref;? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú| OD;cifatmifjrifh? tcrf;tem;ukd zGifhvSpfay;onf/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf OD;xGe;f xGe;f OD;? wyfrawmf xkdYaemuf EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefu rdefYcGef; umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;rif;atmifvdIif? ajymMum;&mwGif ,ckuo hJ Ydk (47)Burd af jrmuf tmqD,aH eY EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qkdif&mcHk½Hk;Ouú| tcrf;tem;ESihf (47)Burd af jrmuftmqD,EH idk if jH cm;a&; OD;jrodef;? jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| 0efBuD;rsm;\ ESpfpOftpnf;ta0;zGifhyGJtcrf;tem; OD;wifat;? jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;? tmqD,EH ikd if rH sm;rS wkdufqkdifrIonf tmqD,Horkdif;wGif xl;jcm;onhf EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;ESifh ZeD;rsm;? ygyl0g;e,l;*DeD? wkdufqkdifrIwpf&yfjzpfygaMumif;/ wDarmvufpfawESifh rGef*dkvD;,m;EdkifiHwkdYrS EkdifiHjcm; vGecf ahJ om (47)ESpu f tmqD,o H nf tif'edk ;D &Sm;? a&;0efBuD;rsm;? aemfa0ESifh wl&uDEkdifiHwkdYrS 'kwd, rav;&Sm;? zdvpfyikd ?f pifumylEiS hf xkid ;f Edik if rH sm;rSpwif Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm;? tmqD,t H wGi;f a&;rSL;csKyEf iS hf cJhNyD; ,aeYwGif ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'owGif&Sdonfh vlYtcGihfta&;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh tmqD,Htpkd;&csif; Edik if H 10 Edik if yH g0ifonfh tzGUJ Bu;D wpfcjk zpfvmygaMumif;? qkid &f m aumfr&Siu f , dk pf m;vS,rf sm;? tmqD,t H qifjh rifh yxrOD;pGm rdrdtaejzifh rdrdwkdYtzGJU0ifEdkifiH wpfEdkifiH t&m&SBd u;D rsm;ESizfh w d Mf um;xm;aom {nfo h nfawmfrsm; jzpfonfh tif'edk ;D &Sm;Edik if w H iG f vGwv f yfrQwonfh or®w wufa&mufMuonf/ a&G;aumufyGJukd pmrsufESm 8 aumfvH 1 okdY
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a&rSwt f xuf 5 pifwrD w D m (okn 'or 2 aycef)Y ausmv f eG af eonf/ tqkyd g jrpfa&onf ,aeYreG ;f wnhrf S aemuf 48 em&DtwGi;f ,if;NrKd U\ pk;d &draf &rSwaf tmufoYdk usqif;Ekid o f nf/ yJcl;jrpfa&onf yJcl;NrdKUwGif Mo*kwf 6 &uf rGef;vGJ 12 em&DcGJrSpí pkd;&drfa&rSwfokdY a&muf&SdcJhNyD; ,aeYrGef;vGJ 12 em&DcGJtcsdefwkdif;xGmcsuft& ,if;NrdKU\ pkd;&drfa&rSwftxuf 18 pifwrD w D m (okn 'or 6 aycef)Y ausmv f eG af eonf/ tqkyd gjrpfa&onf ,aeYreG ;f wnhrf S aemuf 48 em&DtwGif; ,if;NrdKU\ pkd;&drfa&rSwfatmufokdY usqif;Ekdifonf[k rkd;av0oESihf ZvaA'ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS od&onf/ (aMu;rkH)
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
jynfolrsm;\b0udk jr§ifhwifrnfh rGefjrwfNyD; w&m;rQwonfh &nfreS ;f csurf sm;jzifh *kPo f u d m© &So d nfh ta&SUawmiftm&SEikd if rH sm;tzJUG (tmqD,HtzJGU)udk wnfaxmifcJhonfrSm (47)ESpfjynfhajrmufcJhNyDjzpf onf/ 1967 ckEpS f Mo*kwf 8&ufwiG f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;? rav;&Sm;? zdvpfyikd ?f pifumylEiS hf xdik ;f Edik if w H Ukd u xdik ;f Edik if H Aefaumufü tmqD,aH Munm csufudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;um pwifzJGUpnf;cJhonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'o&Sd jynforl sm;\ vlrpI ;D yGm;b0 wd;k wuf a&;udk aqmifMuOf;ay;aom tmqD,Honf 2015 ckESpf ESpfukefwGif tmqD,t H odu k t f 0ef;wnfaxmif&eftwGuf OD;wnfBuKd ;yrf;vsu&f dS onf/ tmqD,Honf yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI? cspfMunf&if;ESD;rIESifh tjyeftvSeef m;vnfrw I jYkd zifh pkaygif;wnfaqmufum a'owGi;f jynfol rsm;\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk a&S;½Iazmfaqmifay;onfhtzJGUyif jzpfonf/ tmqD,t H zGUJ onf 1997 ckEpS rf pS wifum tmqD,t H odu k t f 0ef; (3)&yf wnfaxmifum BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ tmqD,Htodkuf
aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 ,cktcg jrefrmEkdifiHtygt0if zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm; wGif ul;pufa&m*grsm;ukd umuG,x f ed ;f csKyv f mEkid af omf vnf; aq;vdyf? aq;&GufBuD;aomufokH;rIESifh ESD;ET,f aom ul;pufjcif;aMumifrh [kwo f nfh emwm&Snaf &m*g rsm;jzpfyGm;rI? aoqkH;rIykdrkdrsm;jym;vmonfukd awGU& aMumif;? urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU\ cefYrSef;csuft& urÇmay:wGif aq;vdyaf omufol oef;wpfaxmifausmf &So d nft h euf trsm;pkonf tm&Swu dk rf jS zpfMuaMumif;? zGUH NzKd ;Ny;D wdik ;f jynfrsm;ü aq;vdy?f aq;&GuBf u;D \tEÅ&m,f udo k jd rifvmonft h avsmuf aq;vdy?f aq;&GuBf u;D aomufokH;rIEIef;usqif;vmaomfvnf; zGHUNzdK;qJ wdik ;f jynfrsm;wGif ykrd rkd sm;jym;vmaeaMumif; jynfaxmifpk 0efBuD; a'gufwmoef;atmifu Mo*kwf 5 &uf eHeuf 9 em&DwiG f use;f rma&;0efBu;D Xme trsK;d om;use;f rma&; aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;cef;rüusi;f yaom aq;vdyEf iS hf aq;&GuBf u;D xGuyf pön;f aomufo;Hk rIxed ;f csKyaf &;A[dk tzGJUtpnf;ta0;wGif ajymMum;onf/ aq;vdyfESifh aq;&GufBuD;xGufypönf;trsKd;rsKd; onf usef;rma&;udkomru vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywf0ef;usifusef;rma&;wdkYukdyg xdcdkufysufpD;ap aMumif;? urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU\ cefYrSef;csuft& ESpfpOfvlOD;a& ig;oef;ausmfonf aq;vdyf? aq;&Guf BuD;okH;pJGrIESifhESD;ET,fonfh a&m*grsm;aMumifh aoqkH; vsu&f NdS y;D 2020 ckEpS w f iG f aq;vdy?f aq;&GuBf u;D ok;H pJrG I onf vltrsm;aoqkH;&jcif;? a&m*gjzpfyGm;&jcif;wdkY\ t"dutaMumif;w&m;jzpfvmEkdifaMumif;/ qufvufí jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D u aq;vdyEf iS hf aq;&GufBuD;xGufypönf;aomufokH;rIxdef;csKyfa&; tjynfjynfqkdif&m uGefAif;&Sif;ukd urÇmhusef;rma&; tzGUJ 0ifEidk if rH sm; ndE§ iId ;f a&;qGNJ y;D 2003 ckEpS f arvwGif
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usif;ycJhonfh (56)Budrfajrmuf urÇmhusef;rma&; nDvmcHwGif twnfjyKcJhaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiHtae jzifhvnf; 2004 ckESpfwGif uGefAif;&Sif;\ 11 EkdifiH ajrmuf tzGJU0ifEkdifiHjzpfcJhygaMumif;/ uGeAf if;&Si;f \tzGUJ 0ifEidk if jH zpfvmonft h avsmuf uGefAif;&Sif;yg tcsufrsm;ukd tajccHonfh aq;vdyf? aq;&GuBf u;D ok;H pJrG x I ed ;f csKyaf &;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd taumif txnfazmf&ef wm0ef&o dS nfEiS t hf nD 2006 ckEpS w f iG f aq;vdyfESifh aq;&GufBuD;xGufypönf;aomufokH;rI xdef;csKyfa&;Oya'udk jy|mef;cJhygaMumif;? tqkdyg Oya'onf 2007 ckEpS f ar 4 &ufrS pwifum tmPm ouf0ifcJhygaMumif;/ aq;vdyfaomufcGihf&dSonhfae&mESihf aq;vdyf aomufcGihfr&Sdonhfae&mrsm;wGif xm;&Sd&rnhf trSwf tom;ESihfowday;csufrsm;udkvnf; ,ckESpf rwfv twGif;u trdefYaMumfjimpmrsm;xkwfjyefum jzefYa0 xm;Ny;D jzpfygaMumif;? use;f rma&;owday;csuf ½kyyf EkH iS fh pmom;azmfjyrIukd tjcm;tmqD,EH idk if rH sm;tm;vH;k wGif taumiftxnfazmfaeNyjD zpfonht f wGuf jrefrmEkid if H wGiv f nf; ,ckEpS t f wGi;f taumiftxnfazmfEidk &f ef ESihfjy|mef;xm;onfh Oya'udk ydkrdkxda&mufpGm aqmif &GufEkdif&eftwGuf vkyfaqmifoihfonhfenf;vrf;rsm;? vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;Mu&efvnf; ajymMum;onf/ xkdYaemuf ESD;ET,f0efBuD;Xmersm;rS 'kwd,0efBuD; rsm;ESiw fh m0ef&o dS rl sm;u aq;vdyEf iS ahf q;&GuBf u;D xGuf ypönf;aomufoHk;rIxdef;csKyfa&;Oya'yg tcsufrsm; twkdif; vdkufemaqmif&Gufa&;? jynfolrsm;odkY us,u f s,jf yefjY yefY ynmay;a&;ESifh use;f rma&;tEÅ&m,f owday;pmom;ESihf ½kyfyHkazmfjyrIrsm;ESihfywfoufí aqG;aEG;tBujH yKcMhJ uaMumif; od&onf/ (owif;pOf)
&efuek f Mo*kwf &efuek f a&Taps; 675500 rEÅav; a&Taps; 675500 pufo;Hk qDaps;EIe;f (u) 'DZ,f wpfvw D m (c ) atmufwed ;f 95 wpfvw D m (* ) atmufwed ;f 92 wpfvw D m (C) "mwfqD wpfvw D m Edik if jH cm;aiGvv J , S Ef eI ;f (u) tar&duef wpfa':vm
tmqD,HtzJGUBuD;\ &nfrSef;csufjzpfonfh a'owGif;jynfolrsm;\ vlrIpD;yGm;b0rsm;udk jr§ifhwifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ Edik if aH wmftaejzifh tmqD,OH uú|wm0efukd ausyeG pf mG xrf;aqmif aecsdefwGif wpfzufuvnf; EdkifiHzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;pOftjzpf jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk BudK;yrf;azmfaqmifvsuf&Sd&m jynforl sm;uvnf; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyif ef;pOftwGi;f vdu k af vsm nDaxGpmG vdu k yf gvkyaf qmifjcif;jzifh jyKjyifajymif;vJr\ I &nfreS ;f csuf yef;wdkifodkY a&muf&Sdum zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI\toD;tyGifhrsm;udk &&SdcHpm; Mu&rnf jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf tmqD,HtzJGU0ifEdkifiHtjzpf 1997 ckESpfwGif 0ifa&mufcNhJ y;D ,aeYtcsed w f iG f tmqD,OH uú|wm0efudk xrf;aqmifae csdefjzpf&m Nidrf;csrf;í om,m0ajymonfh tmqD,Htodkuft0ef; wnfaxmifa&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&mwGif pGr;f &nfjynf0h Ny;D wm0efausyeG o f nfh tzJUG 0ifEikd if H wpfEikd if jH zpfa&; BuKd ;yrf;xrf;aqmif aeouJo h Ykd jynforl sm;uvnf; rdrw d w Ykd wfprG ;f orQ yg0ifun l o D mG ;Mu &rnfjzpfygonf/ rdrdwdkYEdkifiHtaejzifh tmqD,HOuú|wm0efudk atmifatmifjrifjrif xrf;aqmifEikd jf cif;jzifh trsK;d om;a&;*kPo f u d m© udk jr§ifhwifEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ /
8 - 676300 - 676300 950 usyf 1180 usyf 940 usyf 814 usyf = 971.00
(c ) Oa&my wpf,½l dk = 1296.6 (* ) w½kwf wpf,rG f = 157.58 (C) xkid ;f wpfbwf = 30.057 (i ) rav;&Sm; wpf&if;*pf = 301.93 ´d wpf½yl ;D = 15.854 (p ) tdE, (q) *syef wpf&m,ef; = 950.94 (Z ) awmifu&dk ;D ,m; wpf&m0rf = 93.627 (ps ) MopaMw;vs wpfa':vm = 899.78 (n) pifumyl wpfa':vm = 774.63 jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEkid if aH wmfA[kb d Pf owfrw S &f nfñeT ;f EIe;f
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 jynf a xmif p k a &G ; aumuf y J G aumfr&Si?f wkid ;f a'oBu;D ^jynfe,f aumfr&SiftzGJUcGJrsm;ESifh u@pkHrS oufqidk f ywfouforl sm;? vlrt I zGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;qkdif&m tpnf;ta0;uk, d aeYeeH uf 9 em&D cGJwGif jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Si½f ;Hk oifwef;cef;rü usi;f y &m (,myH)k aumfr&Sit f zGUJ 0if OD;0if; Munfu rJpm&if;jyKpjk cif;a&SUajy;pDrH csuEf iS yh f wfoufí &Si;f vif;ajymMum; NyD; IFES rS Mr.Paul Guerin u tpnf;ta0; usif;y&jcif;ESifhywf oufí &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ rJpm&if;jyKpkjcif;ESifh ywfoufí rJpm&if;jyKpkjcif; a&SUajy;pDrHcsuf aqmif&Gufaeaom &efukefwkdif; a'oBu;D ? csi;f jynfe,f? ucsijf ynf e,fa&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sirf S Ouú| rsm;ESihf a&G;aumufyJGwm0efcHrsm; u vkyif ef;tawGUtBuKH rsm;ESiyhf wf oufí pum;0kdif;aqG;aEG;NyD; usefwkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,f a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SiftzGJUcGJrsm; u od&v dS o dk nfrsm; ar;jref;Muonf/ ,if;aemuf vlrt I zGUJ tpnf;rsm; rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u rJpm&if;jyKpjk cif; a&SUajy;pDrHcsuf aqmif&Guf&mü awGU&Sd&onfh tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh qufvufaqmif&Gufrnfhvkyfief; rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; tBuHjyKcsuf rsm; wifjyMuonf/ xkdYaemuf rJpm&if;jyKpkjcif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; aumfr&SiftzGJUcGJESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdol rsm;u tzGUJ rsm;cGí J aqmif&u G o f ifh onft h csurf sm;tm; ndE§ iId ;f aqG;aEG; Muonf/ ,if;aemuf jynfaxmifpka&G; aumufyJGaumfr&SifOuú| OD;wif at;u trSmpum;ajymMum;&mwGif a&G;aumufyJGtwGuf ta&;tBuD; qkH;onf rJpm&if;jzpfaMumif;? rJpm&if;wGifyg&SdrS rJay;Ekdifrnf jzpfaMumif;? rJqE´&Sifrsm;tm; rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifa&;aqmif&Guf &ef ynmay;&efvadk Mumif;? rJpm&if; jyKpk&mü NrdKUe,fjyifya&muf rJqE´ &Sifrsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukdvnf; oufqkdif&m rJqE´e,f rJpm&if; wGif xnfo h iG ;f jyKp&k rnfjzpfaMumif;? Floating rJqE´&Sifrsm;taejzifh rlvaexdkif&mt&yf rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifNyD; a&muf&Sdae&mü rJpm&if;
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1.01-1.04 80-100 43-48 0.5 Max; 20 Max; 220 Min; 99.5 Min; 2.0 Max;
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(owif;pOf)
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,if;udpEö iS yhf wfoufí rdrt d aejzifh NyD;cJhonfh (24)Budrfajrmuf tmqD,x H yd o f ;D tpnf;ta0;wGif ta&;,l aqmif & G u f o if h o nf h tcsufrsm;ukd wifjycJhNyD;jzpfyg aMumif;? tqkdygtcsufrsm;ukd qufvuf taumiftxnfazmf ay;Mu&ef wku d w f eG ;f vkyd gaMumif;/ Nird ;f csr;f om,monfh tmqD,H toku d t f 0ef;jzpfay:ap&ef? tNrJ &Sio f efaeonfh tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfay: ap&ef? pD;yGm;a&;tm;jzifh &Sifoef oGufvufonfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpf ap&ef? tmqD,jH ynforl sm;ukd A[kd jyKonfh tmqD,Hjzpfap&ef? EkdifiH wum tokduft0ef;tv,fwGif *kPf,lwifhw,fpGm &yfwnfEkdif onfh a'oqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf; wpf&yfjzpfap&ef? a&SUokdYwlnD wufvSrf;csDMu&ef ,ckvkd (47) Budrfajrmuf tmqD,Htcgor, wGif tmqD,HEkdifiHtm;vkH;ukd wkdufwGef;vkdygaMumif;jzifh ajym Mum;onf/ ,if;aemuf Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;0PÖ armifviG u f trSmpum;ajymMum; &mwGif tmqD,Honf tmqD,H toku d t f 0ef;\ pifjrifo h pftwGuf vufwpfurf;taetxm;ü &Sdae onfjzpf&m rdrdwdkY\ &nfrSef;csuf rsm; tcsdefrDjynfhrDatmif vkyf aqmif & ef txl ; ta&;BuD ; yg aMumif;? ,cktcsdefonf rdrdwdkY\ twdwfumvu&&SdcJhaom *kPf owif;udk jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef omru yGifhvif;pGm jyefvnf okH;oyf&rnfhtcsdefjzpfonfhtjyif rdrw d t Ykd em*wftwGuyf g tpDtpOf csrSwf&rnfhtcsdefvnf; jzpfyg aMumif;/ þonfrSm 2015 ckESpfwGif Ekid if aH &;t& pnf;vk;H aom? pD;yGm; a&;t& aygif;pnf;aom? vlrIa&; t& wm0ef , l a om tmqD , H toku d t f 0ef;wpfck ay:aygufa&; twGuf rdrw d \ Ydk pkaygif;tm;xkwf rIrsm;udk wGef;tm;ay;&efjzpfyg aMumif;/ rdrw d \ Ydk tifpwDusL;&Si;f rsm;ESihf
jynfyqufqHa&;rsm; jr§ifhwif&ef twGuf jyefvnfoHk;oyfaom tmqD,v H yk if ef;pOfrsm; aumif;pGm wk d ; wuf a eaMumif ; uk d txl ; 0rf;ajrmufpmG today;vkyd gaMumif;/ tmqD , H t ok d u f t 0ef ; \ tem*wftwGuf 2015 ckEpS t f vGef arQmfrSef;csufukd ykHazmf&mwGif wkd;wufrIrsm; &&SdaerIaMumifh 0rf;ajrmufrIjzpf&ygaMumif;? þ BudK;yrf;rIrsm;onf rdrdwkdYjynfol rsm;\ qE´rsm;tm;jznfhqnf; ay;a&;ESihf tmqD,pH nf;vH;k nDñw G f a&;wkdYtwGuf taxmuftuljzpf rnf[k ,HkMunfygaMumif;/ tmqD,o H nf tmqD,yH #dnmOf pmwrf;? cspfMunfa&;ESifhyl;aygif; aqmif&Gufa&;pmcsKyf(TAC) ESifh ta&SU awmiftm&S EsLuvD;,m; vufeufuif;&Sif;a&;ZkefpmcsKyf (SEANWFZ Treaty) uJo h aYdk om ta&;ygonf h Ed k i f i H a &;qk d i f & m pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;ukd azmfaqmifEidk f cJhygaMumif;? trsm;oabmwlnD csufjzifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrI? n§dEIdif; wkid yf ifa&;qkid &f m tajccHrrl sm;ESihf
tnDaqmif&GufrI? tm;vHk;<u,f0 csrf;omrIwkdYyg0ifygaMumif;? ,if; wkdYrSm tmqD,H\trSwfoauFw rsm;jzpfvmcJhonfhtjyif a'o twGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh wnfNidrf a&;wkt Yd wGuf taxmuftuljyKyg aMumif;/ okaYd omfvnf; rdrw d \ Ydk BuKd ;yrf;rI rsm;onf pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh rvGwf uif;ygaMumif;? ,aeY tmqD,H &ifqidk af e&aom pdeaf c:rIrsm;onf ½Iyaf xG;Ny;D bufaygif;pHk xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;&ef vkt d yfonft h jyif Edik if H tm;vHk;ESifh oufqkdifaeaom udpörsm;jzpfojzifh ydkrkdjynfhpHkaom tajzrsm;&&S&d ef vkt d yfaeygaMumif;/ rdrdwdkY\ pkpnf;nDñGwfrIjzifh ajymif;vJaeaom a'oqkdif&m vHNk cKH a&;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;½Icif;rsm;ESihf tnD tmqD,H\cGeftm;ukd wnfaqmufEikd rf nfjzpfygaMumif;/ pkaygif;vkyfaqmifrIjzifh a&SUokdY csDwuf&mwGif rdrdwdkYonf a'o qkid &f mNird ;f csr;f a&;? pnfyifom,m 0ajyma&;ESifh vlrIa&;t& o[ Zmw&Sda&;wkdYtwGuf qufvuf Bud K ;yrf ; Mu&rnf j zpf y gaMumif ; ? tmqD,H\vkyfief;pOfrsm; ydkrkd xda&mufa&;ESihf ckid rf maom jynfy qufqHa&;wkdYtwGuf BudK;yrf;&m wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifaqmif&Guf Mujcif;jzifh urÇmBuD;ESifhtwl tjyKoabmajymif;vJrItwGuf quf v uf B ud K ;yrf ; Mu&rnf j zpf aMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf EdkifiHawmfor®w? tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm;ESihf tmqD,t H wGi;f a&;rSL;csKyw f o Ydk nf pkaygif;í rSwfwrf;wif"mwfyHk ½dkufMuonf/ qufvufí tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm; a&;0efBu;D rsm;ESihf tmqD,t H wGi;f a&;rSL;csKyw f o Ydk nf pkaygif;rSww f rf; wif "mwfyHk½dkufMuonf/ ,if;aemuf ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD; XmerS tEkynm&Sirf sm;u ]nDñw G f aom tmqD,H} aw;oDcsif;jzifh azsmfajzwifqufcJhMuNyD; zGifhyGJ tcrf;tem;ukd ½kyo f rd ;f vdu k o f nf/ (owif;pOf)
aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiH awmf EkdifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdef onf tmqD,EH idk if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm;tm; ,aeY eHeuf 10 em&D 15 rdepfwGif aejynfawmf&Sd jrefrm tjynfjynfqkdif&m uGefAif;&Sif; A[kdXme(1)(MICC-I) ü awGUqkH aqG;aEG;onf/ (,mykH) tqkdyg awGUqkHyJGokdY EkdifiHawmf or®wESit hf wl jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D OD;0PÖarmifvGif? OD;wifEkdifodef;? OD;at;jrifhMuL? a'gufwmuHaZmf wkdYwufa&mufMuNyD; tmqD,H EkdifiHrsm;rS EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;? tmqD,t H wGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf rpöwm vDa,mifrifwdkY wufa&mufMu onf/ (owif;pOf)
aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm; rsuEf mS pHn k t D pnf;ta0;ESihf oD;oefY tpnf;ta0;wku Yd dk ,aeYnaeydik ;f wGif aejynfawmf&Sd jrefrm tjynfjynfqkdif&m uGefAif;&Sif; A[kXd me(1)(MICC-I)ü qufvuf usif;ycJhonf/(,mykH) tpnf;ta0;wGif Edik if jH cm;a&; 0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;0PÖarmifvGifu obmywd tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD; tmqD,H Edik if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm;ESihf tmqD,H twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfwkdYwufa&muf Muonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif (24)Budrf ajrmuf tmqD,HxdyfoD;tpnf; ta0;\ aemufqufwv JG yk if ef;pOf rsm;? awmifw½kwfyifv,fwGif; EdkifiHrsm;vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfh aMunmpmwrf; taumiftxnf
azmfaerIvkyfief;pOfESifh tmqD,H tok d u f t 0ef ; taumif t xnf azmfrIjzpfay:wkd;wufrIrsm;? vlY tcGifhta&;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh tmqD,t H pk;d &csi;f qkid &f maumfr&Sif aejynfawmf
aejynfawmf Mo*kwf 8 jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;&JxG#fonf ,aeYwGif (47)Budrfajrmuf tmqD,H Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm; tpnf;ta0;okYd wufa&muf owif;&,lMuaom jynfwiG ;f jynfyowif;Xmersm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifhawGUqkHNyD; ar;jref;csufrsm;ukd jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ajzMum;cJhonf/ jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf eHeuf 11 em&DwGif w½kwfEkdifiH pDpDwDADGowif;XmeESifh vnf;aumif;? rGef;vGJ 12 em&D 15 rdepfwGif *syefEkdifiH tqm[d
&SifbGef;ESifh vnf;aumif;? rGef;vGJ 1 em&DcGJwGif tar&duefEidk if H ADt G adk towif;XmeESihf vnf;aumif;? nae 4 em&DwGif pifumylEkdifiH Singapore Press Holdings Limited rS owif;tzGJUESifhvnf;aumif;? nae 4 em&Dcw JG iG f The Straits Time rS owif;tzGUJ ESihf vnf;aumif; awGUqkHcJhonf/ xkdYjyif nae 3 em&DcGJwGif oEÅmcef;rü owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGusif;y&m jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;&Jx#G u f jynfwiG ;f ? jynfyowif;Xmersm;\ ar;jref; csurf sm;ukd &Si;f vif;ajzMum;cJo h nf/ (owif;pOf)
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zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkESifh jyify qufqaH &;udp&ö yfrsm;ukd aqG;aEG; cJhMuonf/ xkjYd yif tmqD,NH ird ;f csr;f a&;ESihf jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;XmejzpfpOf rsm;ESifh OD;aqmifOD;&GuftpDtpOf rsm;qkdif&m pmtkyfrdwfqufjcif; tpDtpOfwu Ydk dk jyKvyk cf MhJ uaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif obmywd jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D OD;0PÖarmifviG f u qufvufusif;yjyKvkyfrnfh tmqD,HESihfaqG;aEG;zufEdkifiHjcm; a&;0efBu;D rsm;tpnf;ta0;? (15) Budrfajrmuf tmqD,H+3 EdkifiHjcm; a&;0efBu;D rsm; tpnf;ta0;? (21) Burd af jrmuf tmqD,aH 'oqkid &f m zk&d rfEikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm;tpnf; ta0;? (4)Burd af jrmuf ta&SUtm&S xd y f o D ; tpnf ; ta0;qd k i f & m Ed k i f i H j cm;a&;0ef B uD ; rsm;tpnf ; ta0;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh BuKd wif jyifqifrIrsm;udkvnf; &Sif;vif; aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ (owif;pOf)
\ 2014 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpmudk rSwfwrf;wifjcif;? 2015 ckESpf vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh b@m aiGwu Ydk dk twnfjyKjcif;? tmqD,-H aemfa0rdwfzuftpDtpOfqkdif&m
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Mo*kwf 8
tmqD,EH idk if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D rsm; ESifh tmqD,Htpkd;&csif;qkdif&m vlYtcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif ukd,fpm; vS,frsm; tpnf;ta0;ukd ,aeY rGe;f vGJ 1 em&Dcw JG iG f aejynfawmf&dS jrefrmtjynfjynfqidk &f m uGeAf if;&Si;f A[kdXme(1) (MICC-I)ü usif;y onf/(,mykH) tqdyk gtpnf;ta0;okYd tmqD,H EkdifiHrsm;rS EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;? tmqD , H t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;csKyf E S i f h tmqD,t H pk;d &csi;f qkid &f m vlt Y cGihf ta&;aumfr&Sifukd,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ tpnf ; ta0;wG i f tmqD , H tpkd;&csif;qkdif&m vlYtcGifhta&; aumfr&Siftaejzifh tmqD,H tokduft0ef; xlaxmifrnfh 2015 ckEpS w f iG f r@dKio f ;Hk &yfpvk;H ü vlYtcGifhta&;udpörsm; xnfhoGif; aqmif&GufEkdif&ef tqkdjyKwifjy
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
0g&Sifwef Mo*kwf 8 tar&duefor®w bm&uftb dk m;rm;u ¤if;onf tD&wfEidk if aH jrmufyidk ;f &Sd tpövmr®ppf pfaoG;<ursm;ukd avaMumif;rS wku d cf u dk &f ef tcGifhtmPmay;vkdufNyD jzpfaMumif;? ajrjyifwyfzJGUrsm;ukdrl jyefvnf apvTwfrnfr[kwfaMumif; ,aeY ajymMum;onf/ ¤if;u tdrjf zLawmfü rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum; 200,000cefYonf aetdrfrsm;rS xGufajy; wkdY\ owfjzwfjcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf[k &mwGif pif*smawmifwef;ay:ü tkid t f ufpf cJhonf[k cefYrSef;í awmifwef;rsm;ay:ü wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u owday;onf/ wkdufckdufa&;orm;rsm;\ ydwfqkdYjcif; ,mZD'D 50,000cefY ydwrf ad eonf[k ,lq tD&wftpkd;&u tultnDay;&ef cHae&aom ,mZD'Dbmoma&;vlenf;pk onf/ arwåm&yfccH ahJ Mumif;? rsK;d okO;f owfjzwfjcif; 0ifrsm;xHoYdk tar&duef ppfav,mOfrsm;u f efu *½kwpku d f wm0efopd mG jzifh ¤if;wkdYonf awmifwef;ay:ü quf ukd 0g&Siw pm;eyf&du©mESifh a&rsm; csay;cJhaMumif; vufcadk evQif tpmiwfrw G rf EI iS hf a&"mwf umuG,frnfjzpfaMumif; tkdbm;rm;u xnfhoGif;ajymqkdcJhonf/ cef;ajcmufrIwkdYjzifh &ifqkdif&rnfjzpfNyD; ajymonf/ ukvor*¾u pif*smNrdKUrS t&yfom; awmifay:rSxu G af jy;vQiv f nf; tkid t f ufpf tkid t f ufpf wku d cf u dk af &;orm;rsm;onf b*¾'ufukd Ncdrf;ajcmufcJhvQif okdYr[kwf tar&duefoHwrefrsm;ESifh ppfbuftBuH ay;rsm;\ ta&;ygaom umh'fNrdKUawmf tkdif,mbDvfokdY csDwufcJhvQif ¤if;wkdYukd ypfrw S x f m;í tar&duefu avaMumif;rS wkdufckdufrnfjzpfaMumif; tkdbm;rm;u ajymonf/ qufvufí pif*smawmifukd 0ef;&H xm;aom ppfaoG;<ursm;ukd NzdKcGif;onfh tD&wftpkd;&wyfzJGUrsm;tm; vkdtyfvQif ulnD&efESifh ydwfrdaeaom t&yfom;rsm; tm; u,fq,f&ef trdefYay;xm;aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ wpfcw k nf;aom aemufq;Hk tajzrSm vlrsKd;pkrsm;tMum; jyefvnf pnf;vkH; nDnGwfa&;ESifh tD&wfvkHNcHKa&; wyfzJGU ydkrkdtiftm;awmifhwif;vmjcif;yif tD&wfajrmufykdif;ukd xdef;csKyfxm;aom tkdiftufpfwkdufckdufa&;orm;rsm;/ jzpfonf[k qko d nf/ bDbpD /D
bmumzD;vf(tar&duefjynfaxmifpk) Mo*kwf 8 aotwl &Sirf uGm aygif;&ygapom;[k bk&m;xHyg;wGif qkawmif;MuonfrmS cspMf uolwidk ;f twGuf rarhravsmMh uaom "avhwpfcjk zpfonf[q k v dk Qif rSm;rnf r[kwfyg/ xkdqkawmif;jynfhcJhMuol cspfolESpfOD;uawmh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk u,fvzD ;dk eD;,m;jynfe,f bmumzD;vfrS rpöwm 'GeEf iS hf rpöqifqeG w f ZYdk eD;armifEHS jzpfMuonf/ touf(90)ESpf rpöwm'GefESifh touf(87)ESpf rpörZifwkdYonf tdrfaxmif oufwrf; (62)ESpef ;D yg;wkid af tmif ruGrJ uGm cspcf MhJ u&onf[k qk&d rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wkUd ESpOf ;D onf uyfxm;aomckwifEpS v f ;Hk ay:wGif vJavsmif;um wpfO;D ESihf wpfOD; av;em&Domjcm;í uG,fvGefcJhMuonf/ ¤if;wkdY\ aemufqkH; tcsdefwGif wpfOD;vufwpfOD; qkyfukdifí r&Prif;ukd apmifhqkdif;cJhMuonf/ Zlvkdif 21&ufaeY eHeufykdif;wGif tbGm;u t&ifaoqkH;cJhonf/ ¤if;\ ½kyftavmif;ukd tcef;tjyifbufokdY a&TUajymif;NyD;aemuf rMumrD tbkd;vnf; aoqkH;cJhonf[k ajr;jzpfol zdvpfqmqvkd,efu ajymonf/ ]]tbkd;'Gef&JUqE´u tvGefvSwJh olU&JUZeD;eJY twl&Sdaecsifwm? tbkd;uav tbGm;ukd tawmfhukd cspfwm? urÇmBuD;tqkH;pGefa&mufoGm;atmifcspfwm}}[k uD*kd ½kyfoHvkdif;ukd ajymcJhonf/ ¤if;wkdYESpfOD;onf 1952 ckESpfwGif bmumzD;vf&Sd bkdvif;uGif;ü awGUqkH arwÅmrQcJhMuNyD; xkdESpfwGifyif vufxyfcJhMuonf/ 'Gefu NrdKUjytif*sifeD,mwpfOD;jzpfí tar&duefMunf;wyftwGuf tvkyf vkycf o hJ nf/ *smreDEidk if üH ESpt f wefMum aexkid cf MhJ uNy;D rdbrJu h av;rsm;a*[mrS 18vom; tjrTmnDtpfukdESpfOD;ukd arG;pm;cJhMuonf/ xkdYaemuf bmumzD;vfokdYjyefvmum rpörZifu olemjyKq&mrtjzpf vkyfukdifNyD; rpöwm'Gefu ukd,fykdiftif*sifeD,mukrÜPDxlaxmifcJhonf/ ¤if;wkdY uG,fvGefcsdefwGif om;wpfOD;ESifh ajr;ig;OD; usefcJhonf/ bDbDpD/
*sDeDAm Mo*kwf 8 taemuftmz&dua'owGif ysHUESHUjzpfyGm;aeaom tDbkdvma&m*gonf EkdifiHwumusef;rma&;qkdif&m ta&;ay:tajctae wpf&yfjzpfaMumif; urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU ('AvsLtdwfcsftkd)u Mo*kwf 8&ufwGif xkwfjyefaMunmvkdufonf/ ¤if;a&m*gul;pufysHUESHYrI &yfqkdif;oGm; tNy;D ü ,if;aMunmcsuf xGuaf y:vmjcif; or*¾ usef;rma&;at*sifpDu ajymMum; apa&;ESihf usqif;oGm;apa&;twGuf Ekid if H jzpfonf/ onf/ wum ndE§ idI ;f yl;aygif; wkjYH yefrrI sm; r&Srd jzpf 2014 ckEpS t f wGi;f vwfwavmtcsed f taemuftmz&dua'owGi;f Ekid if rH sm; vkdtyfaMumif; urÇmhusef;rma&;tzJGUrS txd taemuftmz&dua'owGif tDbkd jzpfonfh *D,mem? vkdufab;&D;,m;? wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/ vmAkdif;&yfpful;pufysHUESHYrIaMumifh aoqkH; Ekduf*sD;&D;,m;ESifh qD,mvD,GefwkdYwGif rGrfbdkif; Mo*kwf 8 urÇmhusef;rma&;tzJGUrS uRrf;usifol olOD;a&rSm 930 ausmfcJhNyDjzpfonf/ a&m*gul;pufcH&olOD;a& 1700 ausmfcJh tdE, d´ Edik if H eADrrG b f ikd ;f Am;&S;D a'o&Sd [dw k ,fwpfv;Hk Mo*kwf 8 &uf eHeufapmapm rsm;pkpnf;NyD; qGpfZmvefEkdifiHwGif ESpf&uf tDbkdvma&m*g ul;pufjyefYyGm;rIrSm aMumif; owif;rsm;wGif azmfjyonf/ ydik ;f u rD;avmifaMumif;? wpfO;D aoqk;H í 30 cef'Y Pf&m&&Sad Mumif; wm0ef&ydS *k Kd¾ vrf sm;u Mum usi;f ycJah om ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0; omrefxufvGefuJaom jzpf&yf[k ukv bDbDpD/ ajymMum;onf/ 'Pf&m&olrsm;tm; eADrGrfbdkif;jrLeDpDy,faq;½kHwGif ukoay;vsuf&SdNyD; 20 cefY 'Pf&mtvGefjyif;xefaMumif;? [dkw,f0rfwefa[mufpftrnf&Sd [dkw,f\okH;vTmwGif rD;avmifuRrf;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? vQyfppfydkif;qdkif&m jyóemaMumifhjzpfaMumif; ajymMum; onf/ ,if;[dw k ,fwiG f Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;vma&mufwnf;cdak ecsed üf rD;avmifuRr;f jcif;jzpf aMumif;ESifh rD;owfum; &SpfpD;a&muf&SdvmNyD; av;em&DausmfMum rD;Ni§drf;owf&aMumif; eADrrG b f ikd ;f jrLeDpyD ,ftzJUG u yDwt D ikd o f wif;XmeodYk ajymMum;onf/ yDwt D ikd /f
tmz&duwkduftaemufykdif;a'owGif tDbkdvmAkdif;&yfpfykd; ul;pufysHUESHYrIukd xdef;csKyfEkdif&ef BudK;yrf;aeMuonfh usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;ukd awGU&pOf/
vuf&Sfum*ghcsf Mo*kwf 8 tmz*efepöwefawmifydkif; [JvfrefYjynfe,f qef*sif;c½dkifwGif Mo*kwf 8 &ufu c½dik t f yk cf sKyaf &;rSL; aq&uf'q f v l rD ef&w dS cf sf pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmaomum;udk vrf;ab;axmif AkH;wpfvkH; xdrSef&m vltcsKdUaoqkH;í tcsKdU'Pf&m&cJhaMumif; owif;wGif azmfjyonf/ eHeuf 9 em&DcefYwGif qef*sif;c½dkif qm0rfa'o&Sd vkHNcHKa&;ppfaq;a&;*dwfodkY pkHprf;ppfaq;a&; wm0efjzifh oGm;a&mufaom c½dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ESifh ppfbufqdkif&m t&m&SdwpfOD;\ um;udk tqdkygvrf;ab;AkH;xdrSefjcif;jzpfaMumif;? ppfaoG;<ursm;u AkH;axmifxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? jzpfpOfaMumifh ,if;um;ay:ygolrsm;ESifh teD;&Sd vltcsKdU aoqk;H rI? 'Pf&m&rIrsm;jzpf&aMumif; aq;½kw H iG u f o k rIc, H al eonfh qef*si;f c½dik t f yk cf sKyf a&;rSL; aq&uf'fqlvDref&Swfcsfu qif[Gmowif;XmeodkY ajymMum;onf/ qif[Gm/
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
Nrdwf Mo*kwf 8 Nrdwfc½dkiftwGif;&Sd rsufpda&m*g a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; eDaygEkdifiHrS rsuf p d t xl ; uk q &m0ef B uD ; ES i f h aq;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh usef;rma&; 0efBuD;XmerS rsufpdtxl;ukq&m 0efBuD;rsm; yl;aygif;í NrdwfNrdKU taxGaxGa&m*gukaq;½kHBuD;wGif tcrJhcGJpdwfukoay;a&;twGuf cGJpdwf&rnfh a0'em&Sifrsm;udk Mo*kwf 7 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du Nrw d jf ynfoaYl q;½kBH u;D wGif pwifprf; oyfppfaq;vsuf&Sdonf/(,mykH) tqdkyg rsufpda&m*ga0'em&Sif rsm;tm; tcrJhcGJpdwfukoay;a&; twGuf cGpJ w d u f o k &ef touf(15) ESpfESifhtxuf a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; weoFm&D
Mo*kwf
prf;oyfppfaq;NyD; cGJpdwf&rnfh a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; Mo*kwf 14 &ufrS 17 &uftwGif; cGJpdwfuko ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ cGJpdwfuko ay;onfah eYrsm;wGif e,fa0;NrKd Ue,f rsm;ESifh NrdwfNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;rS a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; NrdwfNrdKUwyfjyif&yf vSnf;bD; y&d,wåpd moifwu dk w f iG f aexkid af &; pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; cGJpdwfukoonfh vlemrsm;tjyif apmifah &Smufrnfo h rl sm; aexkid af &;? pm;aomufa&;ESihf cGpJ w d u f o k onfh vlemrsm; o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;udk jynfNzdK;xGef;ukrÜPDrS wm0ef,l ulnDaqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnfjzpf aMumif; od&onf/ ckdifxl;(jyef^quf)
awmifil Mo*kwf 8 EkdifiHawmfor®w\ wwd, tqifh t&Sdeft[kefjr§ifhwifjcif; (Third Wave) tpDtpOfudk taumiftxnfazmfonft h aejzifh ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;ESih f opfawm a&;&m0efBu;D Xme\ OD;aqmifrjI zifh t&mxrf;rsm; pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwifa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(2) zGifhyGJudk Mo*kwf 4 &uf eHeuf 9 em&Du yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD; a&wm &SnfNrdKUe,f jrefrmhopfvkyfief; avhusifha&; oifwef;ausmif; trSwf(1) eefcRefü usif;y&m OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL;ukd,fpm; pDru H ed ;f ESihf pm&if;tif;Xme 'kw, d taxGaxGrefae*sm OD;a0BudKifu
oifwef;zGifh trSmpum;ajymMum; onf/ yJc;l wkid ;f a'oBu;D (ta&SU) 'kw, d taxGaxGrefae*sm OD;ref;0if;wif u wwd,tqifh t&Sdeft[kef jr§ifhwifrI taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí &Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; 2013-2014 ynmoifEpS f wuúov kd f 0ifpmar;yGJudk *kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifonfh 0efxrf;om;orD; rsm;tm; qkrsm;ay;tyfcs;D jri§ o hf nf/ oifwef;zGifhyGJodkY avhusifha&; oifwef;ausmif; trSw(f 1) eefcRef ausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;cifarmifwif? oifwef;ausmif;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh oifwef;om; 50 wufa&mufMu aMumif; od&onf/ (129)
Mo*kwf 7 &ufrS 10 &uftxd NrdwfjynfolYaq;½kH aq;½kt H yk Bf u;D a'gufwmoEÅmrsK;d 0if;? rsupf t d xl;uk q&m0efBuD;rsm;? olemjyKrsm;u a0'em&Sifrsm;udk prf;oyfppfaq;
aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnfjzpfaMumif; od& onf/ Nrw d cf ½dik t f wGi;f &Sd rsupf ad 0'em &Sif touf(15)ESpfESifh txuf rsupf t d wGi;f wdraf 0'em&Sirf sm;ukd
aMumifh pyg;rsKd;rsm; ysufpD;qkH;½IH; cJh&jcif;? rsKd;pyg; xyfrH&SmazG& cufcJjcif;? tcsdefukef vlyifyef; jzpf&jcif;rsm; awGUBuHKcJh&ojzifh ,ckEpS w f iG f a'oESihf udu k n f o D nfh a&jrKyfcHpyg;rsKd;rsm;tm; a&G;cs,f í odyeHÜ nf;us pdu k ef nf;pepfjzifh pdkufysKd;ygrSomvQif txGufEIef;
wk;d í 0ifaiGw;dk rnfjzpfaMumif;jzifh a'ocHawmiforl sm;tm; ynmay; &Si;f vif;ajymMum;Ny;D awmiforl sm; odvdkonfh ar;jref;csufrsm;tay: jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ay;onf/ xdkYaemuf NrdKUe,fpdkufysKd;a&; OD;pD;Xme 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh a'ocH awmif olrsm;? aumufpu kd o f rm;rsm;
pkaygif;vsuf ykvJoG,ftxl;xGuf wkd;pyfrsKd;pyg; ESpf{uESifh a'oESifh udu k n f o D nfah &jrKycf pH yg;rsK;d av;{u tm; odyÜHenf;uspdkufenf;pepfjzifh waysmw f yg;pdu k yf sK;d MuaMumif; od& onf/(atmufyHk)
enf;&if odyfra&mif;&bl;}} [k rkd;umtusÐrsm; a&mif;aeol wpfOD;u &Sif;jycJhonf/ (680)
onf/ ]]urÇmvSnhf{nhfonfawGvnf; 0,fMuw,f/ awmifwufum;pD;eif; &if;xD;aqmif;zku Yd vnf; rjzpfEidk f ovkd rkd;wtm;onf;wJhtcg xD;aqmif;xm;vnf; tqifrajy awmh rk;d umtusaÐ wGuydk J 0,f0wf Mu&ygw,f/ aps;EIef;tm;jzihf wpfxnfrS bmrS&Sdwmr[kwfbl; av}} [k {nhfvrf;ñTefwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
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&efukef Mo*kwf 8 wkdufBudKwkdufMum; a&ajrmif;rsm;ESihf rD;&xm;oHvrf;ae&mrsm;tm; pnfyifom,mtrdIufuefozG,f vlrodolrod ykef;vQKd;NyD; pnf;urf;rJh trdIufpGefYypfoltcsKdUukd NrdKUjypnf;urf;ESihftnD pnfyifom,m c½kdif yl;aygif;a&;tzGJUrsm;u Mo*kwf 6 &uf aemufykdif;rSpí zrf;qD;ta&;,l 'Pf½kdufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; NrdKUawmfpnfyifc½kdifcsKyf½kH; wm0ef&Sdol wpfOD;\ ajymMum;csuft& od&onf/ pnf;urf;rJh trdIufpGefYypfoltcsKdUukd zrf;qD;ta&;,l'Pf½kdufrIESihf ywfoufí ajymMum;&mwGif ,aeY &efukefNrdKUawmftqihfjr§ihfwifa&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif jynfolrsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufEkdif&ef c½kdif? NrdKUe,f tvku d f acwfrt D ayghpm; trdu I yf ;Hk rsm;? a&GUvsm;trdu I yf ;Hk rsm;? trdu I u f ef rsm;ESifh tkwt f rdu I u f efrsm;tm; NrKd Ue,ftvku d f pepfwus csxm;aomfvnf; tcsKdUaom jynfolrsm;onf tayghpm; a&GUvsm;trdIufykH;rsm;ü pD;yGm;jzpf trdu I rf sm;? tdrw f iG f tok;H rvkad om arGU,mrsm;? zsmpkwrf sm; ponfwu Ydk dk pGefYypfMuonf/ xkYdtjyif tdrfxGuftrdIufESihf rD;zkdacsmifxGuf trIdufrsm; tm; owfrSwfjyKvkyfay;xm;aomfvnf; trdIufuefrsm;ü pepfwus pGefYypfjcif;r&SdbJ wkdufBudKwkdufMum; a&ajrmif;rsm;ESihf NrdKUywfrD;&xm; oHvrf;? jrpfxGufaygufae&mwkdYwGif pnfyifom,mtrdIufuefozG,f pGefYypfrIwkdYonf ,cifuxuf ydkrkdrsm;jym;vmojzihf rkd;&Gmcsdefü NrdKUjyvrf; rsm; a&BuD;a&vQHoufomap&ef zrf;qD;ta&;,l'Pf½kdufjcif;rsm;ukd ,ckvkd aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; c½kdifwm0ef&Sdol pDrHa&;&mXme 'kwd,XmerSL; OD;nDnDOD;\ajymjycsuft& od&onf/ (apmodef;0if;)
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8
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Mo*kwf 9? 2014
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Mo*kwf 9? 2014
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
uRef;vS? Mo*kwf 8
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rvIdif? Mo*kwf 8
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oHk;cG? Mo*kwf 8
rif;bl;? Mo*kwf 8
rif;bl;NrdKU? NrdKUe,ftaxGaxG tkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme ½Hk;tpnf; ta0;cef;rwGif Mo*kwf 6 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du rif;bl;NrdKUe,f? jynfolY aqmufvyk af &;vkyif ef;\ 20142015 b@ma&;ESpw f ikd ;f a'oBu;D tpdk;&&efyHkaiGjzihf rif;bl;NrdKUe,f wGif;&Sd vrf;? wHwm;wnfaqmuf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&; vkyfief;rsm; taMumif; &Si;f vif;awGq Y akH qG;aEG; yGJusif;ycJhonf/
tcrf;tem;wGif rif;bl;NrKd Ue,f aqmufvkyfa&; vufaxmuf tif*sifeD,m a':apm,kEG,fu 2014-2015 b@mESpf wkdif; a'oBu;D tpd;k &&efyakH iGjzihf aqmif &Gurf nfh rif;bl;- rif;vSum;vrf; ESifh xaemif;awm-tdkif;r um; vrf;tydkif; jyKjyif&eftaMumif; csjy&Sif; vif;ajymMum;onf/ vrf ; txl ; tzG J U (3)rS vuf axmuftif*sief , D m a':,Of,Of EG,fu rif;bl;NrdKUe,f twGif;&Sd
ykodrf -rHk&Gmvrf;ydkif; jyKjyifaqmif &GufrnfhtaMumif; &Sif;vif;ajym Mum;onf/ xdkYaemuf wufa&mufvmMu onfh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD ; at;ol E S i f h pnf y if a umf r wD Ouú|OD;atmifatmifwu Ykd 20152016 b@mESpf jynfolA[dkjyK a'oEÅ& zGHUNzdK;rIpDrHudef;twGuf rif;bl;NrdKUwGif;&Sd wkwfacsmif; wH wm;tm; topfaqmufvkyfa&; wGucf suaf qmif&u G af y;&ef wifjy
aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm; aqmif&GufcJh onf/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;odkY jynfolY vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D at;ol? trsK;d om; vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;ausmfolpdk;? wdkif;a'oBuD; vTwf awmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;armifarmif wif? NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;wifh vGif? c½dkif^NrdKUe,ftqifhXmeqdkif &mtBuD;tuJrsm;? &yf^aus;tkyf csKyfa&;rSL;rsm; wufa&mufcJhMu ausmfaZ,s onf/
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? awmifydkif;c½dkif? oHk;cGNrdKUe,f trSwf(1)tajccH ynm txufwef;ausmif;cef;rü usi;f yonfh 2013-2014 ynmoifEpS f wuúov kd 0f ifwef;wGif xl;cRepf mG jzifh atmifjrifcMJh uaom *kPx f ;l & ausmif; om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; *kPjf yKqck s;D jrifyh JG tcrf;tem;udk Mo*kwf 6 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du usif;ycJhonf/ *kPfxl;&ausmif;om; ?ausmif;ol 83 OD; wdkYtm; *kPfjyKcsD;jr§ifhaiGusyf 1990000?oH;k cGNrKd UwpfNrKd Ue,fv;kH atmifjrifr&I mcdik Ef eI ;f tjrifq h ;kH ausmif; jzpfaom ysOf;ruefpHjyaus;&Gm tajccHynmtxwef;(cGJ) ausmif;tkyf q&mrBu;D a':at;rmvGix f cH s;D jri§ ahf iGusyf ig;ode;f ? ausmif;ysu&f ufr&Sd q&m? q&mrrsm;tm;qkaiGusyf ESpfodef;wkdYtm; ay;tyfcsD;jr§ifhonf/ tcrf;tem;odYk trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf 'kw, d Ouú| OD;jrndr;f ? &efuek w f ikd ;f a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU vlrIa&;0efBuD;a'gufwmjrifhodef;? oefvsifNrdKUjynf olYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vGifOD;? oHk;cGNrdKUe,f wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwf awmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;jrodef;? taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme 'kwd,NrdKU e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;nDnDapm? NrdKUe,fynma&;rSL;OD;jrifhodef; ESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;om;^olrsm;wufa&mufchJonf/ Munfpdk;vGif(oHk;cG)
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
t*Fyl? Mo*kwf 8
{&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D ? [oFmw c½dkif? t*FylNrdKUe,f t.x.u ausmif; ika&T0gcef;rwGif Mo*kwf 6 &uf eHeuf 9 em&Du ausmif;jyify rl vwef;ynma&; NFPE zGiyhf JG tcrf; tem; jyKvkyfusif;ycJhaMumif; od &onf/ tcrf;tem;wGif t*FylNrdKUe,f NrKd Ue,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL; OD;vTr;f rd;k [ef ESihf jrefrmEdik if H pmwwfajrmufa&; taxmuf tul j yK yif r Xme? ausmif;jyify rlvwef;ynma&; aumfrwDrS q&mBu;D OD;oef;aX;ESihf ausmif;jyify rlvwef;ynma&;? {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D Bu;D Muyfa&; rSL; q&mBu;D OD;oef;aX;wdu Yk trSm pum;rsm;ajymMum;Muonf/
ausmif;jyify rlvwef;ynma&;? {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D Bu;D Muyfa&; rSL; q&mBu;D OD;pd;k jrifu h vkyif ef;qdik f &mrsm;udk &Si;f vif;ajymMum;Ny;D NrKd U e,fynma&;rSL;q&mrBu;D a':wD wDu oifwef;a&;&m aqmif&Guf xm;&SdrIudk &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ xdaYk emuf NrKd Ue,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL; OD ; vT r f ; rd k ; [ef ? ZeD ; a':arT ; arT ; rdom;pkrS tvSLaiGusyf wpfodef; ESihf NrKd Ue,fynma&; rdom;pkrS tvSL aiGusyf wpfodef;ig;aomif;tm; ay;tyfvLS 'gef;&m wm0ef&o dS rl sm; u vufcH&,lcJhonf/ NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;utajc pdu k pf cef;Bu;D MuyfraI umfrwD Ouú| rsm;tm; wm0efay; tyfvTmrsm; ay;tyfNy;D pmwwfajrmufa&; A[dk
MLRC ausmif ; jyif y rl v wef ; ynma&; NFPE ESihf NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f &Sd ausmif;toD;oD;rS ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;tm; pma&;ud&d,m rsm;udk NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sdtajcpdkuf pcef;ajcmufckrS ay;tyfcJhaMumif; od&onf/ tqdkygtcrf;tem;odkY NrdKUe,f tk y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;ES i f h Xmeqd k i f & m tBu;D tuJrsm;? NrKd Ue,f taxmuf tuljyKaumfrwDrsm;? tajcpdu k f Bu;D MuyfrIaumfrwDOuú|rsm;? rdcifESifh uav;apmifha&Smufa&;ESifh trsKd; orD;a&;&mtoif;0ifrsm;? oif wef;q&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; pkpkaygif; tiftm; 100 cefw Y ufa&mufcahJ Mumif; od& ref;ausmf(jyef^quf) onf/
&efuek w f ikd ;f a'oBuD;? '*HNk rdKUopfawmifyikd ;f wGif Zlvikd f 18 &ufrpS í rd;k tqufrjywf&mG oGe;f rIaMumifh a&BuD;a&vQH rIrsm;jzpfymG ;cJo h nf/ tqdyk gNrdKUe,ftwGi;f &Sd (55)&yfuu G w f iG f aetdrw f csKdU a&rsm;0ifa&mufcahJ Mumif;? ,aeYxw d ikd f a&rsm;usqif;rIr&Sdao;aMumif; od&onf/ owif;ESihf"mwfyHk -yef;rÍÆL
a&Tbkd?
Mo*kwf 8
ausmif;om; ausmif;ol vli,f vl&G,frsm; tajccHynmukd pdwfcs vkHjcKHpGmjzifh vG,fvifhwul ynm oif M um;Ek d i f a pa&; &nf & G , f í Naing Group aqmuf v k y f a &; ukrP Ü v D rD w d ufu aqmufvyk v f LS 'gef;aom ausmif;aqmifopf vJT ajymif;ay;tyfvSL'gef;yJGESifh zGifhyJG tcrf;tem;ukd Mo*kwf 5 &uf eHeuf 10 em&Du a&TbkdNrdK h?trSwf(5) tajccHynm rlvwef;vGeaf usmif; ü usif;ycJYaMumif;od&onf/ a&S ; OD ; pG m jynf o l Y v T w f a wmf ukd,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmatmif oef;? trSwf(2)tajccHynmOD;pD; Xme 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;rsKd ;oef?Y Naing Group aqmufvyk f a&;ukrP Ü v D rD w d uf 'kOuú|OD;ouf Ekid Of ;D ? oD&rd eG v f rl pI ;D yGm;taxmuf tul j yK azmif a ';&S i f ; 'k O uú | OD;ausmfausmfOD;wkdYu ausmif; aqmifopftm; zGiv hf pS af y;cJo h nf/
xkdYaemuf ppfukdif;wkdif;a'oBuD; vlrIa&;0efBuD; a'gufwmjrifhodef; u ur® n f ; armf u G e f ; ausmuf p m tm; zGiv hf pS af y;Ny;D ? vlraI &;0efBu;D ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm;u urÁnf; armfuGef;ausmufpmukd tarT;eHY om&nfrsm; yufzsef;ay;Muonf/ quf v uf í vl r I a &;0ef B uD ; u trSmpum;ajymMum;&mwGif ynmonfom t"du jzpfaMumif;? t&nftcsif;jrifhrm;onfhvlYpGrf; tm;t&if;tjrpfjzpf&efvadk Mumif;? q&m? q&mrrsm;u trsKd;om; ynma&;&nfrSef;csufrsm; atmif jrifa&;ESifh ausmif;ae&G,fuav; wkdif; ausmif;aea&;wkdYukd 0kdif;0ef; Bud K ;yrf ; aqmif & G u f & rnf j zpf aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ tvSL&Sif Naing Gounp aqmuf vkyfa&;ukrÜPD vDrdwuf 'kOuú| OD ; ouf E k d i f O D ; u ]],ck a usmif ; &Sd ivsifaMumifh ysufpD;oGm;aom taqmufttHktm; aqmufvkyf
vSL'gef;cJh&mrS ,aeYzGifhvSpfaom (80_30_12ay)oGyfrkd;tkwfn§yf trsK;d tpm;? aiGusyf ode;f 400 wef zkd;&Sd taqmufttHkukdqufvuf vSL'gef;jzpfcJhaMumif;ajymMum;NyD;? oD&drGef vlrIpD;yGm;taxmuftul jyK azmifa';&Sif;'kOuú| OD;ausmf ausmfOD;u Naing Gounp aqmuf vk y f a &;uk r Ü P D v D r d w uf E S i f h yl ; aygif;í ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI a&;u@rsm;wG i f wwf E k d i f o avmuf vSL'gef;ay;vsu&f adS Mumif; ajymMum;onf/ xkdYaemuf ausmif;aqmifopf tm; ynma&;XmeokYd vJaT jymif;ay; tyf&m c½kdifynma&;rSL;a':aX; aX;jrifhu vufcH&,lNyD;? 'kOuú| OD;oufEidk Of ;D u txdr;f trSwf tvH rsm;tm; vufa&mufay;tyfum tvS L aiG E S i f h ausmif ; ok H ; pma&; ud&d,mrsm;tm; ay;tyfvSL'gef; cJhaMumif; od&onf/ pk;d oD[(IPRD)
a&wm&Snf? Mo*kwf 8
aumvif;? Mo*kwf 8
yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBu;D (ta&SU)? awmificl ½dik ?f a&wm&SnNf rKd Ue,fwiG f rd;k yGihf pDrcH suf tqif(h 6)jzifh uGi;f qif;aqmif&u G í f Edik if o H m;pdppfa&;uwfjym; rsm;udk Mo*kwf 5 &uf eHeufyikd ;f u a'gift h if;uke;f aus;&Gm bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;"r®m½HkwGif tcrf;tem;jzifh ay;tyfcJhaMumif; od&onf/ vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESihf trsK;d om;rSwyf w kH ifO;D a&;pD;Xme? awmificl ½dik Of ;D pD;XmerSL;? 'kw, d ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; OD;oef;jrifu h Edik if o H m;pdppfa&;uwfrsm; jyKvkyfay;&jcif;ESifh wwd,tqifht&Sdefjr§ifhwifrI (Third Wave) vkyfief; rsm;udk &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;onf/ rdk;yGifhpDrHcsuf tqifh(6)jzifh uGif;qif;aqmif&Gufí EdkifiHom;pdppfa&; uwfjym;ay;tyfyw JG iG f a&wm&SnNf rKd Ue,fO;D pD;XmerSL;? OD;pD;t&m&Sd OD;at; rif;xGef;u EdkifiHom;pDppfa&;uwfjym;udkifaqmifolrsm; vdkufem&rnfh tcsufrsm;? vlukeful;rIqdkif&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tajccHodoifhonfh tcsufrsm;udk &Sifvif;aqG;aEG;onf/ a&wm&SnfNrdKUe,f? a'gifhtif;ukef;aus;&mwGif EdkifiHom;pdppfa&; uwfjym; 234 ckukd tcrf;tem;jzifah y;tyf&m aus;&Gmtkycf sKyaf &;rSL;ESihf a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;taxmuftuljyK tzGJU0ifrsm;? aus;&Gm&yfrd&yfzrsm;ESifh udkvGif(qGm) a'ocHjynfolrsm; wufa&mufcJhaMumif; od&onf/
ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; ?aum vif;NrdKUe,frdcifESifhuav;apmifh a&Smufa&;toif;ESifh usef;rma&; OD;pD;XmewdkYyl;aygif;í&yfuGufrsm; &Spd moifausmif;ig;ausmif;ESihf pnf yifom,mNrdKUraps;BuD;tm; jcif aq;zse;f jcif;ESihf use;f rma&;apmifh a&SmufrrI sm;udk aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf/ Mo*kwf 5 &ufwGif jyifOD;vGif &yfuGuf? ausmfaZ,sm&yfuGufESifh aps;½kH AdkvfwJ&yfuGufrsm;twGif; vlaetdrrf sm;ESihf abmf'gaqmifrsm; ü jciftEÅ&m,fumuG,af &;ESihf jcif rsm;ayguf z G m ;rI umuG , f a &; twGuf zk;H ? oGe?f vJ? ppf vkyif ef;rsm; udk ppfaq;aqmif&GufcJhaMumif; atmifausmfpdk;(Iprd) od&onf/
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
ausmufqnf? Mo*kwf 8
ausmufqnfNrKd U? a&Tomavsmif; awmifxyd af y:wGiw f nf&o dS nfh a&T omavsmif; apwDawmfjrwfBuD; tm; oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;? usef;rm a&;csKdUwJholrsm; vG,fulpGm wuf a&mufz;l ajrmf ylaZmfEikd &f eftwGuf aovm*D&d &efatmifjrif apwD awmfrkcfOD;teD;rS awmifxdyf&if jyif a wmf o d k Y "mwf a vS u m;BuD ; aqmufvyk v f LS 'gef;&ef pDpOfaqmif &Gufvsuf&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/ a&Tomavsmif;apwDawmfjrwf Bu;D wGif "mwfavSum;wnfaqmuf &eftwGuf yifr"mwfavSum;wnf aqmuf&ef ukefusaiG usyfodef; 2000 tm; OD;0if;armif? a':jr&if (jrbk&ifEUkd csupf uf½)kH wdu Yk rwnf vSL'gef;xm;aMumif;? avQmufvrf;
wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf usyfodef; 1100 ukeu f srnfjzpfNy;D OD;&Jp;kd (bdk jrifo h u l rk P Ü )D u usyo f ed ;f 600 ESihf OD;cifatmifjrifh (trsKd;om;vTwf awmfOuú|) ZeD;a':cifNyKH;wdkYu tvSLaiG usyf25 odef;wdkYtm; vSL 'gef;xm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ Mo*kwf 5 &ufwiG f jynfov Yl w T f awmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;aomif;? ZeD; a':arMunfpdefrdom;pkwdkYu usyf odef; 110? auoDOD;ukrÜPD OD;rsKd; oefY? a':at;at;BudKifrdom;pk wdu Yk aiGusy5f 5ode;f wdu Yk kd vSL'gef; MuaMumif; od&onf/ ausmufqnfNrKd U&Sd &Siyf ifa&Tom avsmif;awmifonf NrdKU\ta&SU bufwGif wnf&SdaeNyD; omoem xGe;f um; jyefUyGm;pnfyif&mawmif awmfwpfcjk zpfum awmifxyd w f iG f
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rauG;? Mo*kwf 8
rauG ; Nrd K UwG i f vl i ,f v l & G , f trsm;pkonf *drf;aqmhupm;jcif; udk pGJvef;NyD; tvGeftuRHaqmh upm;jcif;rsm;&Sdjcif;aMumifh vlrI b0wd;k wufa&;? ynma&;ESihf use;f rma&;wdkYxdcdkufrnfudk tkyfxdef; olrb d rsm;u pk;d &drv f su&f adS Mumif; od&onf/ ,if;uav;rsm;\ tem*wf twGuf ynma&;xdcu kd v f mrnfukd rdbrsm;u pdk;&drfvmNyD; tqkdyg *dr;f aqmhjcif;udk &yfwefo Y mG ;ap&ef twGuv f nf; enf;vrf;rsm; pOf;pm; aeMuNyDjzpfaMumif; ausmif;om; rdbtrsm;pkuajymonf/ qufo, G af &;ESihf enf;ynm&yf rsm;zGHYNzdK;vmaom ,aeYacwfwGif qdkufbm*drf;rsm;? euf0ufcf*drf; rsm;? rdb k ikd ;f vfzek ;f *dr;f rsm;ESihf wuf
yvuf *drf;rsm;u yDwl;? yD0rf;*drf; rsm;udk ausmv f mT ;oGm;Ny;D aemuf *dr;f pGv J ef;olO;D a& wpfpwpfp rsm;jym; vmNyD; aqmhupm;oltrsm;pkrSm touf 20 atmuf vli,ftrsm;pk jzpfaMumif; *dr;f 0goem&Siw f pfO;D u ajymjyonf/ ]]yD0rf;? yDw;l *dr;f awG odyrf aqmh Muawmhb;l / rdb k ikd ;f vfzek ;f awG vl i,fwikd ;f udik Ef ikd v f mMuawmh aqmh csifwJY*drf;udk 0rf;rdkbdkif;wdkY yav; pwdk;wkdYuae a'gif;avmhvkyfNyD; aqmhMuw,f/ euf0ufcf*drf;awG vnf ; tif w meuf q d k i f a wG r S m oGm;aqmhMuw,f/ tifwmeufukd wjcm; udpöawGokH;wmxuf *drf; upm;zdkY ydkNyD;okH;wmrsm;vmw,f/ tck v d k ausmif ; zG i f h & uf a wG r S m awmif ausmif;uae vpfxGufNyD; wpfaeukef tifwmeuf*rd ;f qdik u f
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[m pdwftyef;ajyrIudkjzpfay:ap NyD; ÓPf&nfxufjrufapayr,fh tvGeftuRHaqmhupm;&ifawmh ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m use;f rma&;wGuf tvGeftEÅ&m,frsm; ygw,f/ rdbawGtaeeJY rdrdwdkY uav;awG&JU *drf;aqmhupm;rIudk apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; Muyfrwf xdef;ausmif;oifhw,f/ *drf;upm; csdefudk pnf;urf;eJY owfrSwfNyD; tjcm;udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;rI tm; upm;eJY pmzwfjcif;awGrSm pdwf yg0ifpm;vmatmif pnf;½k;H aqmif &Gufoifhw,f/ jynfyEkdifiHwpf ck rSm *drf;upm;&if; rtdyfrpm;eJU aevkdU aoqHk;oGm;wJhuav;awG awmif & S d w mawG Mum;zl ; w,f } } [k taxGaxGa&m*gukq&m0ef wpfOD;u ajymjyonf/ zl;yGifhaejcnf(rauG;)
weoFm&Dwidk ;f a'oBu;D ? Nrw d cf ½kid ?f Nrw d Nf rKd Ue,f? t*Farmfaus;&Gmtkypf ?k uGi;f trSwf (705)? OD;ykid t f rSw(f 10)&Sd awmifol OD;<u,f\ ykvo J , G f 10 {u GAP pHjyuGuw f iG f c½kid Ef iS hf NrKd Ue,fuiG ;f qif;tzGUJ rsm;rS Mo*kwf 7 &uf eHeuf 9 em&Du uGi;f qif;í vufoyfysK;d EIwef nf;jzifh aumufyifrematmif aygif ysKd;EIwf&jcif;ukd&Sif;NyD; aumufpkdufolrrsm;ESifh pkaygif;pkdufysKd;cJhMuonf/ Nrw d Nf rKd Ue,fwiG f NrKd U0if{u 100 {u? pHjyuGuEf iS hf NrKd UxGu{f u 100 pHjy uGurf sm;ukd raZmESihf t*FarmfwiG f tusK;d aqmifawmiforl sm;ESiyhf ;l aygif; aqmif&u G af eNy;D ¤if;pHjyuGurf sm;ü tusK;d aqmifawmiforl sm;ESihf yl;aygif; dk yf sK;d vsu&f &dS m ¤if;t*Farmf &GmrS OD;<u,f í ykvo J , G {f u20 GAP pHjyuGupf u \ pHjyuGuv f nf;tygt0ifjzpfNy;D ¤if;pku d yf sK;d o½kyjf yyGo J Ydk NrKd Ue,fpu dk w f ;dk jri§ t hf zGUJ rsm; t*Farmf? raZm? awmif;&Sn?f rif;oef;aus;&Gmrsm;rS pdw0f ifpm; ol awmifolrsm;vnf; wufa&mufcJhMuaMumif; od&onf/ jrifhOD;(Nrdwf)
a&OD;? Mo*kwf 8
ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;? a&OD; NrKd Uü jynforl sm; vQppf pftEÅ&m,f uif;&Si;f apa&;twGuf NrKd Ue,fvQyf ppftif*sief , D m OD;atmifojl rif?h cGJ puf½HkrSL; OD;rif;atmifESifh 0efxrf; rsm;onf Mo*kwf 4 &uf eHeufyikd ;f u vQyfppftEÅ&m,f BudKwifum
uG,Ef ikd af &; todynmay; ajrpku d f ydkpwmrsm;udk vrf;qHkvrf;cGjzpf aom NrKd Uv,fem&Dpif? &Jpcef;vrf; qHk? rHk&Gm-a&OD; um;vrf; NrdKUt0if vrf;qHEk iS hf NrKd Ue,fvQypf pftif*sief D ,m½Hk; vrf;qHkae&mrsm;wGif pdkuf xlcJhaMumif;od&onf/ oef;xdkuf(a&OD;)
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
usef;rma&;aqmif;yg;
à aygufayguf Dental pulp (ac:) oGm;twGi;f
ydik ;f qH;k ae&m&Sd aysmah ysmif;wJh wpf ½I;av; emusiu f u kd cf jJ cif;udk ]oGm; udu k w f ,f} vdaYk c:ygw,f/ xdw k pf ½I;av;u aoG;aMumrsm;omru tjcm;tm½Hck H t*FgtzGUJ tpnf;rsm; eJ h qufpyfaewmaMumifh oGm;udu k f wJhtcg rcHr&yfEdkifatmif emusif vdYk t&nf? tzwf? tyl? tat; bmrS pm;r0ifawmhbJ tcsKdUolrsm;wGif rsufESmwpfjcrf;vHk; a&mifudkif;½Hk omru ttdyfysuf? tpm;ysuf? tvkyfysuf Mu&ygw,f/ oGm;bmaMumifhudkuf&w,f
(1) oGm;ydk;pm;jcif;? (2) ydk;pm; íoGm;taygufjzpfjcif;? (3) ,cif oGm;taygufzmpOfu raooyfí tpma[mif;rsm;usefcJhjcif;? (4) r awmfwqxdcdkuf½dkufrdjcif;? (5) oGm;eJjY cif;? oGm;usKd ;jcif;? (6) oGm; zHk;emjcif;? (7) jynfwnfem jzpf jcif;? (8) ESmacgif;aygufeJY quf oG,fxm;aom OD;acgif;cGHtwGif; avvrf;aMumif; ydk;0ifí a&mif ud k i f ; jcif ; ? (9) oG m ;zH k ; rS m tem jzpfjcif;? oGm;zH;k jynfwnfjcif;? (10) OD;acgif;cGHeJY ar;½dk;Mum;&Sd t½dk; tqufrSm xdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;? (11) uav;i,frsm;oGm;payguf jcif;? vlBuD;rsm;tHqHk;aygufjcif; p onfwdkYaMumifhoGm;udkufavh&Sdyg w,f/
oGm;q&m0effeJYukorIcH,loifhaomtcsdef
(1) tayghpm; emusifudkufcJrI twGuf tudkufcJaysmufaq;rsm; jzpfaom Paracetamol, ibuprofen wdkYaomufjcif;jzifh oufomapyg w,f/ Aspirin aq;0g;rsm;u ab; xGufqdk;usdK;awGjzpfapvdkY a&Smif &Sm;&ygr,f/ (2) wpf&uf(odkYr[kwf)ESpf&uf xufydkíudkufcJygvQif? oGm;q&m 0efeJY ukorIcH,loifhygNyD/ (3) txufazmfjyyg a&m*gtajc tae trsd K ;tpm;ay:rl wnf NyD; oGm;"mwfrSef½dkufjcif;? oGm; taygufzmjcif;? oGm;taMumowf ay;jcif;? tjrpf*vdkufaygufydk;0if jcif;twGuf ydk;owfay;jcif;wdkY jyK vkyfay;ygvdrfhr,f/ (4) tu,fí rnforYkd Q aq;jzifh xde;f rxm;Edik w f t hJ cgrSmawmh q&m 0efu oGm;EIwfay;ygvdrfhr,f/ BudKwifumuG,foifh ukojcif;u umuG,frIxufydkrdkxda&mufygw,f/
(1) Fluoride ygaom oGm;wdkuf aq;oHk;í wpfaeYESpfBudrf oGm; wdu k yf g/ oGm;wdu k &f if; vQmudk cyfzzG G wdkufay;zdkYrarhygeJ h/ (2) oGm;wdkufwHoHk;wdkif; oGm; Mum;xJ&Sdtpma[mif;rsm; ukefpif oGm;NyDvdkY r,lqoifhygbl;/ oGm; wdu k Nf y;D aemuf Dental floss (ac:) oGm;yGwfBudK;udkoHk;yg/ vdktyfygu Mouthwash (ac:)cHwGif; oefYpif &nfoHk;yg/
(3) tcsd K "mwf u J a omtpm; tpmrsm;? tcsd K &nf r sm; avQmh aomufyg/ (4) aq;vdyfraomufygeJY/ (5) uav;rsm;udk oGm;q&m0ef jzifh ajcmufvrSmwpfBurd f oGm; ppf aq;rIc, H o l ifNh y;D ? vlBu;D rsm;u wpf ESpfrSmwpfBudrf ppfaq;rIcH,lyg/ tdrfwGif;ukxHk;av;rsm;
xD;csKdifh? Mo*kwf 8
ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ \ twnfjyKcsut f & xD;csKid Nhf rKd Ue,f twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,ftajcjyK rlvwef;q&mtwwfynmtxl;oifwef; wufa&mufatmifjrifNyD;onfh aeYpm;vay; q&m?q&mrrsm;tm; tjrJ wrf;0efxrf; ceft Y yfvmT ay;tyfjcif; ESihf tvkyo f rm;rSwyf w kH ifuwfjym; xkwaf y;jcif;wdu Yk kd Mo*kwf 5 &ufwiG f NrKd Ue,fynma&;rSL;½H;k ü aqmif&u G f ay;vsu&f &dS m q&m? q&mr 141 OD;? tajccH0efxrf; 15 OD; pkpak ygif; 156 apmuvsm(xD;csKdifh) OD; vma&mufxkwf,lMuaMumif; od&onf/
(1) a&aEG;jzL wpfzefcGufxJrSm qm; pm;yGw J ifZeG ;f wpfZeG ;f armuf armuf a &mum iH k E d k i f o rQ Mum Mum iHx k m;Ny;D tmvkyf (yvky)f usi;f yg/ (2) a&cJtdwfjzifh udkufaewJh oGm;&J h yg;jyifay:udkuyfay;yg/ (3) MuufoGefeDxJ&Sd obm0 Antimicrobial tpGr;f u oGm;emusif udkufcJrIudk oufomapvdkY Muuf oG e f e D vwf v wf q wf q wf u d k tuGi;f vdu k cf wfxx l v l ;DS Ny;D udu k f
aewJhoGm;ay:zdí iHkxm;yg/ (4) t&ufxrJ mS ygwJh t,fvu f kd a[mvfu oGm;udkufjcif;udk ouf omapvd k Y t&uf i H k a y;yg/ od k Y r[kwf t,fvu f akd [mvfrsm;rsm;yg aom cHwGif;oefYpifa&iHkyg/ (5) csif;udk tcGHETm cyfyg;yg; vSD;NyD; 0g;pm;ay;yg/ (6) MuufoGefjzLxJrSmyg&SdwJh Allicin "mwfu yd;k owfaq;ozG,f tpGr;f xufvkd h MuufoeG jf zLudBk uw d f axmif;í udkufaewJhoGm;\ yg; aqmifrSmiHkxm;yg/ (7) tmvl; vwfvwfqwfqwf udk tcGHETmcyfyg;yg;vSD;NyD;iHkxm;yg/ (okdYr[kwf)tmvl;udk Budwfacsí udkufaewJhoGm;eJYoGm;zHk;wdkYudk tkyf vdrf;ay;yg/ (8) oHy&k moD;udk tpdwu f av; pdwfNyD; udkufaeaomoGm;rSm yGwf ay;yg/ (odrYk [kw)f oGm;wpfacsmif;
vHk;udk oHyk&m&nfvl;ay;yg/ (9) oGm;udu k jf cif;? oGm;zH;k a&mif jcif;twGuf ocGm;oD;udk cyfyg;yg; vSD;íudkufxm;yg/ oGm;udkufí yg;a&mifudkif;jcif; twGufvnf; ocGm;oD;yg;yg;vSD;í yg;ay:wif uyfay;Edik f ygw,f/ (a&cJaowåm xJxnfx h m;wJh ocGm;oD;at;at; u a&mifuikd ;f emusirf t I wGuf ydrk kd xda&mufapygw,f) (10) oGm;tacgif;aygufxJudk trnf;a&mifi½kyfaumif;rIefY odyf yg/qm;a&xnfhíoHk;Ekdifygw,f/ (11) a&aEG; wpfzefcGufxJrSm rkev Yf yk f aqmf'g pm;yGw J ifZeG ;f wpf ZG e f ; armuf a rmuf a &mí or atmifarTNyD;aemuf cyfMumMumiHk tmvkyf(yvkyfusif;)yg/ (12) vufzufajcmufxJrSm yg &Sw d hJ Tannins "mwfrsm;u yd;k aowJh tpGrf;&SdvdkY a&aEG;Murf; vufzuf
&nfylyludk zef&nftjzpfiHkay;yg/ (13) ylpDeH&Guf0g;pm;yg/ ylpDeH &GuftqD? ,yef;qD? vdar®mfcGHqD? xif;&l;qDwdkYudk 0g*Grf; rSmpdrfNyD; aemuf oGm;? oGm;Mum;eJo Y mG ;zH;k rsm; udk vdrf;ay;yg/ (odkYr[kwf)a&aEG; ylylxJrSm xdktqDxJhíiHkay;yg/ (14) i½kwo f ;D rIeu Yf kd a&jzifh yspf yspfazsmfí oGm;ay:tHkxm;ay;yg/ (15) av;n§if;yGifhxJrSm antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacteria tpGrf;rsm; yg&SdvdkY a&S;
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u av; n§if;yGifhudk oGm;ESifh cHwGif;a&m*g trsKd ;rsKd ;wdt Yk wGuf tdrw f iG ;f orm; awmftjzpf oHk;pGJvmcJhMuygw,f/ av;n§i;f yGiu hf kd udu k 0f g;jcif;? iHjk cif;? av;n§i;f yGiq hf u D kd a&aEG;jzifah &mí tmvkyf(yvkyf) usif;ay;yg/ (16) iSufaysm&Guf0g;ay;yg/ (rSDjirf;Homade Tooth Ache Relief)
Mo*kwf 9? 2014
zwfp&m à MunfvGifjrifh(rkj'm) tpmraMua&m*gonf urÇm ay:wG i f tjzpf t rsm;qH k ; aom a&m*g pm&if;0if a&m*gwpfrsKd ; jzpf onf / tpmraMua&m*gonf tpmtdrfa&mifa&m*g? tla&mif a&m*gESifh emwm&Snfa&m*g trsdK; rsdK; aemufqufwGJ 0ifa&mufvm wwfonf/ a&m*grSeforQonf tpmraMujcif;uponf/ ]]a&m *grlvH tZdPÖuH}}[k a&S;a[mif; tm,k a AÁ ' aq;usrf ; rsm;u qd k onf/ 0rf;csKyfonf[k nnf;nLaeol tawmfrsm;rsm;onf tpmraMu a&m*g&dSolrsm;jzpfonf/ xkdolrsm; onf tpmraMua&m*gudk OD;pGm uk&rnfhtpm; 0rf;Ekwfaq; trsKd; rsK;d udt k m;ud;k Ny;D 0,f,al omufo;kH aeMuonfukdawGU&ayonf/ jref rmaq;trsKd ;rsKd ;wdw Yk iG f a&mif;tm; taumif;qH;k aq;rSm 0rf;EIwaf q; yifjzpfonf/ 0rf;EIwfaq;udkyif aoG;wd;k usaq;? tqDusaq;? ydef aq;? ½kyv f aS q;? taMumajyaq;? taMumwufaysmufaq; ponf jzifh emrnftrsKd ;rsKd ;wyfí a&mif;cs aeonfudk 0rf;csKyfolrsm;u 0,f ,laomufo;kH vsu&f MSd uonf/ 0rf; EIwfaq;pm;jcif;\ a&&SnfwGif jzpfvmrnfh qdk;usdK;udk rodMuí aomufoHk;aeMujcif; jzpfonf/ tlrBuD;twGif;rS oufapmifh tcRJ ajr§;rsm;onf 0rf;EIwfaq;'Pf aMumifh wjznf;jznf;yg;vmNy;D tlr Bu;D ESiyhf wfoufaom a&m*g trsKd ; rsKd ;cHpm;&Ekid o f nfukd txl;yifowd jyKMuapcsifonf/ 0rf;csKyo f rl sm; ueOD;owdjyKoifh
xrif;pm;csdef eD;onfh wpf em&D tcsdef twGif;....
aomtcsufrSm ig tpmaMu&JU vm;[k owdjyK&efjzpfonf/ tpm raMu[kov d Qif tpmraMujcif;jzpf apEkdifaom atmufygtcsufrsm; udk wpfzefxyfrí H owdjyKppfaq; apcsifonf/ (1) rdrdoGm;rsm; aumif;yg\ vm;/ (2) oGm;aumif;vQiv f nf; tpm pm;aomtcg tpmwpfvkyfvQif 10 Burd rf Q 0g;pm;Ny;D rSom rsKd csoifh onfudk odyg\vm;/ (3) tpmudk tcsdefrSefrSefpm; oHk;ygovm;/ (4) tpmud k yl y l a EG ; aEG ; pm; ovm;? at;pufaomtpmrsm;udk aeYpOfpm;oHk;aeygovm;/ (5) xrif;pm;&ef oD;oeft Y cef; &dSygovm; odkYr[kwf rdrdtvkyf pm;yGJwGifyif pm;avh&dSygovm;/ (6) xrif;pm;aepOfESifh xrif; pm;NyD;aemuf a&cJa&(odkYr[kwf) tat;? tcsdK&nfbl;rsm; aomuf oHk;avh&dSygovm;/ (7) tpmpm;NyD;vQif acwÅrQ vrf;xavQmufonft h usihf &dyS g\ vm;/ (8) naepm odrYk [kwf npm rpm; oHk;rD vrf;avQmufjcif;odkYr[kwf avhusifhcef; wpfckckjyKvkyfjcif; tavhtx&dSyg\avm/ (9) ntdyf&m0ifcsdefESifh eHeuf apmapmtdyf&mxcsdefwGif a&wpf zefcGufaomufonfh tusifh&dSyg \avm/ txufyg tcsurf sm;wGif tpm raMu? 0rf;csKyfjcif;twGuf tar; rsm;tjyif aocsmpOf;pm;Munfv h Qif tajzvnf;ygNyD;jzpfygonf/ tpmpm;aomtcg qmrSpm;jcif; onf taumif;qH;k jzpfonf/ rqm yJrpm;oH;k &/ xrif;pm; ysuaf tmif xrif;pm;csdefeD;rS vufzuf&nf aomufjcif;? tcsdK&nfaomufoHk; jcif;? rkefYyJoGm;&nfpm pm;oHk;jcif; wdu Yk kd rjyKvyk o f ifah y/ txl;ojzifh xrifpm;csed ef ;D onfh wpfem&D tcsed f twGif;wGif rkefYrsm;rpm;oifhyg/ xrif;pm; ysufoGm;apEkdifonf/ Mum;csdefwGif pm;oHk;xm;ojzifh
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a&Tbdk? Mo*kwf 8
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yifvHk? Mo*kwf 8
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Mo*kwf 9? 2014
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( B.Sc,H.G.P,R.L, C.B.L, D.B.L)
(LLB, LL.M)
w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUae txufwef;a&SUae zkef;-09 73104217? 01 544402? 09 425272161
Ph: 09 450048076
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Mo*kwf 9? 2014 OTS-98 (ol&wyfcGJ) yOörtBudrfajrmuf 0gqdkouFef;uyfvSLyGJESifh
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