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Taksim Belongs to Everybody! Cultivating a Space for Pluralism

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2

A xonometric View Looking North

Table of Contents 3

Introduction

4 6 8 10 12

Step Step Step Step Step

14

Phase 2 Team

15

Perspectives

Fold-out

1:1000 Plan

1: Recognizing Exiting Diversity 2: Restoring Integrity of Existing Urban Artifacts 3: Defining the Commons 4: Enhancing the Commons 5: Fostering Future Diversity


Introduction

3

Istanbul

Step 1

Diversity is at the core of Instanbul's identity. Connecting Europe and Asia, Istanbul has always been one of the most diverse cities in the world; a global hub gathering people, and goods from all over the world.

Around Taksim, diverse identities are represented in culturally significant urban artifacts. In the first step, the existing diversity of artifacts and urban memory around Taksim is identified.

Taksim Diversity is also at the core of Taksim's identity. As the modern, post-Ottoman, centre of Istanbul, Taksim is surrounded by monuments representing diverse beliefs, cultures, and ideas. Once a Greek-Armenian neighbourhood on the outskirts of the city, it was also a symbolic space of Kemalism and Modernism, a tourist destination, and a centre for Istanbul's alternative subculutres. Methodology for Cultivating a Space for Pluralism

Step 2 Where damaged, urban integrity of culturally significant artifacts is restored. A clearly defined Taksim Square is delineated.

Diversity is the identity of Taksim, and Istanbul. Pluralism is the explicit valuing of diversity as such. A pluralist space encourages everyone to maintain their independent cultural traditions, while at the same time including them in the overall collective.

Step 3 A clear hierarchy of shared public spaces anchored around the transporatation nodes is created. Accessibility around the site is enhanced.

TAKSIM Step 4 Ecological commons are also enhanced. A green system is created.

Taksim, as the commons, a clealry defined shared space where difference can be negotiated Step 5

In order to cultivate a pluralist space, already existing differences and identities need to be recognized. (Step 1) The integrity of these identities should be preserved and enhanced. (Step 2) The Commons, a shared space where differences can be negotiated, must be clearly defined and delieanated. (Step 3) Wherever possible, the shared commons should be enhanced in order to supported further diversity. (Step 4) Finally, the inclusion of others needs to be facilitated. Procedures encouraging inclusivity are established. (Step 5)

Inclusive design and programming process is created. Permanent functions and temporary functions are proposed.


Step 1: Recognizing Existing Diversity

Heterogeneous, culturally significant urban artifacts showcase the diversity of Taksim.

4

Taksim is surrounded by many culturally significant urban artificats. These artifiacts have been built during different eras, and represent different belief systems and ideologies. The first step in creating a pluralist place resides in recognizing the already exisiting diversity. In the case of Taksim, the social and cultural diversity is reflected in the architectural and aesthetic diversity of its urban artificats.

OTT-WAT-I Taksim Maksem

GRE-REL-I Aya Triada Greek Orthodox Church

OT T-PUB-I Taksim Gardens

OT T-PUB-I Istikal

REP-MON-I Republic Monument

PRO-RES-I Talimhane

PRO-PUB-I Gezi Park

MOD-PUB-I Atatürk Cultural Centre

MOD-HTL-II Intercontinental Hotel

MOD-HTL-III Marmara Hotel

MOD-PUB-II Atatürk Public Library

CON-REL-IV Taksim Camii

OTT (Ottoman)

GRE (Greek)

REP (Early Republican)

PUB (Public Spaces) I. Taksim Gardens II. Istikal WAT (Water Infrastructure) I. Taksim Maksem II. Mehmed Paşa Fountain III. Hafiz Ahmet Paşa Fountain MIL (Military Buildings) I. Gumuşsuyu Barrack II. Medciye Barracks III. Third Itu Campus Building ARM (Armenian) REL (Religious) I. Vosgeperan armenian catholic church II. Ersayan armenian church EDU (Educational) I. Ersayan armenian high school II. Ersayan armenian primary and secondary school

REL (Religious) I. Aya triada greek orthodox church II. Aya triada church lodging EDU (Educational) I. Zapyon greek high school EUR (Early 20th Century European Influence) CON (Consulates) I. French consulate II. Belgian consulate III. German consulate RES (Residential) I. Taksim palas apartments II. Gumuşsuyu palas apartments

PUB (Public Buildings) I. Taksim Theatre MON (Monuments) I. Republic Monument PRO (Prost) PUB (Public Spaces) I. Gezi Park RES (Residential) I. Talimhane MOD (Modern) PUB (Public Buildings) I. Atatürk Cultural Centre II. Atatürk Public Library HTL (Hotels) I. Divan Hotel II. Intercontinental Hotel III. Marmara Hotel

CON (Contemporary) CON (Consulates) I. Libyan Consulate II. Romanian Consulate III. Romanian Cultural Centre IV. Macedonian Consulate HTL (Hotels) I. Grand Hyatt EDY (Educational) I. Atatürk Anatolian High School II. Fındıklı High School REL (Religious) I. Kazancı Ali Ağa Camii II. Taksim Mescidi III. Selime Hatun Camii IV. Taksim Camii


5

Late Ottoman Period (1880s)

Early Republican Period (1942)

Modern Period (1975)

MOD-HTL-I

OTT-MIL-II

CONT-HTL-I

OTT-PUB-I MOD-HTL-II

MOD-PUB-II

PRO-RES-I PRO-PUB-I

OTT-MIL-I

REP-MON-I CONT-REL-IV CONT-CON-III EUR-CON-I MOD-PUB-I

OTT-WAT-I

ARM-REL-II

EUR-RES-II

CONT-REL-III MOD-HTL-III EUR-RES-I GRE-REL-II

REP-PUB-I

CONT-CON-IV CONT-EDU-II

OTT-PUB-II

CONT-CON-I

GRE-REL-I

OTT-WAT-II CONT-REL-I

OTT-WAT-III ARM-EDU-I

ottoman

armenian

public space + institutions

CONT-CON-II

GRE-EDU-I

ARM-REL-I CONT-EDU-I Existing Diversity: Identities and Urban Memory ARM-EDU-II

greek education

EUR-CON-II

EUR-CON-III

N

early 20th c. w european religious

infrastructure

early republic military

prost

modern

consulate

residential

0

CONT-REL-II 50

contemporary hotel

100

200m


Step 2: Restoring Integrity of Existing Urban Artifacts

Formal integrity of Gezi, Talimhane, and the Boulevard of the Republic is enhanced.

Historical interventions have compromised the urban integrity of Taksim, as well as the formal clarity of Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens. The order and symmetry of Prost's original design has been lost. By restoring missing blocks of Talimhane, and creating a linear park in place of old Taksim Boulevard, integrity of the site is improved. Planting over select pathways within Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens expands green space and clarifies path hierarchy.

Early 1940s Gezi Park

Contemporary Gezi Park

Proposed Gezi Park

Early 1940s Talimhane

Contemporary Talimhane

Proposed Talimhane

Early 1940s Taksim Square

Contemporary Taksim Square - "No Taksim"

Proposed Taksim Square - " Taksim Returns!"

6


7

Talimhane and Boulevard of the Republic Restoration

Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens Restoration

Taksim Square Clarification and Delineation

consolidating green spaces in the Munipal Gardens to clarify circulation hierarchy

creating a linear park in place of the lost Taksim Blvd.

restoring lost Talimhane blocks with affordable art and rental spaces

planting over selected pathways in Gezi Park to increase green space and restore original path hierarchy

clarifying Taksim’s edges by creating a landscaped threshold zone

creating a landscaped buffer zone in front of the Maksem

Restoration of Urban Integrity N

0

50

100

200m


Step 3: Defining the Commons

The Commons comprise a hierarchy of shared spaces, centred on transporation nodes.

8

The area around Taksim square currently suffers from many poorly defined open spaces, which lack identity or the amenities needed for full inhabitation. It is also poorly connected to the surrounding city, with Taksim square being stranded between busy streets, and Gezi Park isolated to the west by a large expanse of empty pavement and a large grade change. By defining transportation nodes, as distinct "gates", expanding the network of pedestrian paths, and creating landscaped edges, a clear hiearachy of circulation space is created.

Path Boulevard of the Republic Section A

Path Gezi Park Section B

Edge Maksem Plaza Section C

The concrete slab above the Cumhuryet Cd. tunnel will develop into a public boulevard and linear park. Building on the recent street lighting upgrades, a wider pedestrian boulevard to the west and a smaller sidewalk to the east lead pedestrians down to the Monument of the Republic.

While reducing the amount of paving in Gezi Park, the existing paths should be re-paved where needed, with new lighting to extend the system developed for Taksim Square. Smaller informal paths open up the wooded area to exploration, with small rest pavilions, seating clusters, and bollard lighting.

The Maksem's stone facade is currently obscured by parked vehicles and informal market stalls. With the creation of a new market hall directly north, this facade can be reclaimed with a row of shade trees, public seating / tables, and re-activated fountains. This edge to Maksem Plaza will be recognizable through its distictive small paver stones.

Path Lighting

Boulevard of the Republic

Main Path

Taksim Edge

Informal Path

Edge / Central Commons Taksim Square Section D

Event Space Gezi Music Pavilion Section E

Gate Maksem Metro Entrance Section F

Taksim square will be bounded on three sides by a new buffer zone of street trees, public furniture, power, water, and lighting infrastructure. Metro entrances will be absorbed into this zone, and existing leaving Taksim square as clear and legible public space, with its own identity.

The long-disused statue plinth is proposed to become a performance space, with a simple open stage pavilion, that can be flexibly programmed. This stage puts citizens rather than statues at the top of the park, with views overlooking the park to the north and Taksim Square to the south.

Recognizable by their distinctive paving, gates mark entrances to the Taksim/Gezi Park area, located at major transportation nodes. Fountains provide natural meeting places, masking urban noise, and sybolically link to the the Maksem. Parking required for site servicing will generally be located at gates, rather than allowing traffic to traverse the site.

Light masts

Metro Entrance with new roof

Stage Pavilion

Metro Entrance

Gate Fountain

Taksim Edge

Gezi Stage

Maksem Metro Gate

Material Palette

Main Pedestrian Paths

Gezi Park Informal Paths

Gates

Republic Boulevard Linear Park

Taksim Edges

Taksim Square

450cm x 450cm Granite Pavers

Decomposed Granite

Granite Pavers

Decomposed Granite

Granite Cobblestone

Granite Slabs

Fine Texture

Grey (to match pavers)

Flamed Finish

Coloured

Flamed Finish / Small Format

Flamed Finish / Large Format


9

Metro Improved North Gezi Connection

Taxi + Bus Parking Bus + Taxi + Parking

Main Pedestrian Axis

Metro Bus + Taxi + Parking

Bus + Taxi + Parking Metro

Bus + Taxi

Transportation Nodes aka Gates

Main Circulation A xes

Accessible Paths in Gezi Park

Improve pedestrian access at intersection

Improve pedestrian access at intersection

Gezi Garden Gate contains access to metro

New path and stairs to connect to AKM secondary entrance

Boulevard of the Republic Gate contains Taxi drop-off and Bus parking

Gezi Foun ta in Squa re

li c vard

of th e Re pub

F

A

P

E Pe r fo rm an Sp a c c e e

B o u le

Taksim Mosque Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up location, and access to underground Bus Stop

Maksem Square Gate contains access to metro. The metro entrance is re-orinted facing Boulevard of the Republic

AtatĂźrk Library Gate improves pedestrian connection to the Library and AKM North Entrance. AtatĂźrk Library Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up, and a Bus Stop

B

Simplify and reduce paving within Gezi Park Remove vehicle parking within Gezi Park

Maksem Square

AKM Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up, and a Bus Stop

D

Taksim Square

P

C

Modify street to provide expanded entry plaza for P

A metro entrance stair outside of Taksim Square Istikal Gate is the main pedestrian entrance to the site, and contains Taxi drop-off location

The Commons: Hierarchy of Shared Spaces N

0

50

100

200m


Step 4: Enhancing the Commons

10

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27% o trees on s te are n poor hea th or exposed to env ronmenta threats nc ud ng ceratocyst s p atan and p ne process onary moth The comb nat on o grass and edges and orested core supports spec es that ght pests and protect nat ve p ants Such spec es nc ude Ca osoma sycophanta

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w th n denser and hea thy ex st ng andscapes These pockets can support the oca spec es by ncreas ng b od vers ty and creat ng more res ent p ant commun t es Year 1

Year 20

Year 20

Year 20

T ee p an ng ma x Unde canopy aye Ex s ng ees

Landscape 2 Urban Buffers Shrubs and Grass ands

Landscape 3 Connect ve Corr dors Street Tree A ĂŠes

P anted a ong the edges o the s te these areas o ten ocated on sha ow so conta n grass and spec es sma shrubs and sma trees n p anters or on berms These per phera areas are mu t -use spaces or peop e and ve y po nator ecosystems Spec es nc ude Heaths Sumacs and spec mens such as Umbre a p nes S k trees Communa Forag ng and Food Process ng Opportun t es Sports and theatr ca per ormances but a so seasona harvest ng and dry ng o some o the park s p ants nc ud ng C chor um ntybus Rhus cor ar a Rumex acetose a Cappar s sp nosa

G ass ands w h so a ed shade ees

P nus p nea

Rhus co a a

C cho um n ybus

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The edges o Taks m Maksem P aza and the Repub c Bou evard are p anted as buffers rom the bust e o urban e These are p easant y shaded nhab tat on zones that we come peop e onto the s te These are a so arger a ĂŠes or heav er pedestr an traff c through the s te wh ch act as m grat on corr dors or both peop e and oca auna P ant ng w th n these areas w predom nant y nc ude ungus res stant p ane tree cu t vars The corr dors are popu ated w th benches and amp e ght ng to a ow or sa e and com ortab e use day and n ght

Pa k a ĂŠe

P a anus o en a s


Landscape Type 3 Urban Buffers Grasslands + Pollinator (shallow soil perimetre areas with planters and shallow silva cells)

Landscape Type 1 Ecosystem Nodes Urban Euxine Forest (deep soil areas)

Landscape Type 2 Connective Corridors Urban Planting (deep soil silva cells)

11

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Landscape Types and Hydrology

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111 109 110

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132

131

130

114

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115

126 125

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124 119

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804

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795 798

1275 1274

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The Commons: Ecology and Hydrology N

Landscape 1: Native Forest

Landscape 2: Shrubs and Grasslands

Central underground water retention Tank

Landscape 3: Street Tree AllĂŠes

Public water access (For water features and potable water fountains)

0

Specimen Grassland Trees

50

100

200m

Perimeter Grassland Trees


Step 5: Fostering Future Diversity

An inclusive design process encourages even greater diversification of Taksim in the future.

12

The proposal seeks to ensure that the social and cultural diversity of Taksim continues to increase as the time goes on. In order to promote pluralistic future development of Taksim, specific areas of the sites have been designated as Design Committee Zones, Potential Competition Sites, and Temporary Event Spaces. Design Committees, Competitions, and Temporary Events all facilitate involvement of a broader community in planning, designing and programming Taksim.

Design Committee Zones In order to ensure that the diversity and integrity of already existing culturally signifcant structures around Taksim is maintained and further enhanced, parts of the site that include or are adjecent to these structures have been designated as Design Committee Zones. The purpose of each Committee is to provide the designers with site specific expertise, and knowledge of site specific requirements, such that the artistic and functional integrity of culturally significant structures is preserved as much as possible, or altered only through an inclusive collaborative process. By helping preserve the integrity of each culturally significant urban artifact, the Design Committees will help preserve the diversity of Taksim. Design Committees should provide a voice to agents who may otherwise from the city building process.

City

The Public

Pavilion Competition Site Potential

Market Competition Site Potential

Art Installation / Pavilion Competition Site Potential

Outdoor Sufi Dance Performance Formal Temporary Event

Iftar Informal Temporary Event

Outdoor Theatre Performance Formal Temporary Event

Iftar Informal Temporary Event

Outdoor Music Performance Informal Temporary Event

Outdoor Wrestling Temporary Event

Sumac Harvest Seasonal Event

Monument Committees Maksem Committee Aya Triada Committee Taksim Municipal Gardens Committee

Taksim Design Committee Architects

Istiklal Committee Republic Monument Committee Talimhane Committee Gezi Committee

Planners Landscape Architects Artists

AKM Committee Intercontinental Hotel Committee Marmara Hotel Committee Ataturk Library Committee Taksim Mosque Committee

Competition Sites The proposal assumes that the design and functional programme of specific places on the site should be further developed through open calls for proposal, or design competitions. These competitions can involve much broader specturm of the public in the design of Taksim, giving them a role in the process. New culturally significant artefacts can be created, including groups which are currently exclude from Taksim. Sites suitable for future design competitions are defined in order to make this outcome more likely. Temporary Event Spaces The goal of the project is to encourage the greatest possible number and range of events on site. Temporary Events can range from informal social gatherings, such as an Iftar meal, to Seasonal Events, such as Sumac harvesting, to formal events that would require a permit, such as outdoor theatre performances. Through these events diverse social groups can feel included in Taksim.


13 Intercontinental Hotel

Gezi Gardens

AtatĂźrk Library Amphitheatre

Talimhane Extension

Central Axis of Event Spaces

Gezi

Taksim Camii + Maksem Istikal Tram and Republic Monument

AKC Entry Plaza Marmara Hotel Aya Triada

Desing Committee Zones

Potential Competition Sites

Main Spaces for Temporary Events

Gezi Gardens Design Committee Zone Cafe Pavilion Design Competition Site Pavilion and/or Art Instalation Design Competition Site

B o u le v a rd Even t Sp a c e

Gezi Gardens Design Committee Zone

Small Kiosk Design Competition Sites

Pe r fo

Talimhane Extension Design Committee Zone

Garden Restaurant Competition Site Performance Stage Pavilion Design Comeptition Site

rm a n Sp a c c e e

Market and Workshop Building Design Competition Site

AtatĂźrk Library Design Committee Zone

Gezi Foun ta in Squa re

Small Playground Structure Design Competition Pavilion and/or Art Installation Design Competition Site

Intercontinental Hotel Design Committee Zone

Gezi Terrace Design Competition Site

Taksim Square

Taksim Camii and Maksem Design Committee Zone

Istikal and Republic Monument Design Committee Zone

Marmara Hotel Streetscape Design Committee Zone

AKC Entry Plaza Design Committee Zone

Aya Triada Design Committee Zone

Fostering Future Diversity: Inclusive Process N

0

50

100

200m


Phase 2 Team

Bringing together a diverse group of experts, creatives and communities

14

Creating a new design for Taksim square and its surroundings, that is both forward thinking and respectful of the site's history and memory requires input from a very diverse group of stakeholders. The project's second phase team will need to include a broad range of consultants and advisors, as well as input from the public, local community groups and newly established local monuments committees.

Diverse Expertise Due to its multi-layered complexity, the redesign of Taksim square requires the involvement of a multitude of different experts, each with their own set of expertise. The phase 2 main team will include Landscape Architects, Architects, Planners and Consulting Artists, who will be supported by additional technical consultants and specialized advisors upon implementation of the project. Community Engagement The core design team and consultants will deepen their knowledge of the site and its multitude of stakeholders, and refine the design of the project by directly engaging with the public and with the newly formed local monuments committees which will help preserve the cultural significance while improving the diversity of the site. We hope these committees can include representatives of all adjacent monuments.

CLIENT / INVESTOR The City of Istanbul

PHASE 2 TEAM

Landscape Architect

Architect

Urban Planner

Consulting Artist

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CONSULTANTS

PRIMARY TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS These consultants will provide the necessary technical expertise to complete the project. Many primary technical consultants will be brought onto the team following the completion of the second phase of the competi tion. The various fields of expertise listed below may be provided by one or multiple firms: Geotechnical Engineer Structural Engineering

SPECIALIZED EXPERTISE ADVISORY This advisory board could include the following disciplines: ARTS AND CULTURE ADVISORY Artists Public Art Consultant Historian SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY

Civil Engineering

Ecology + Hydrology

Electrical / Electronics Engineering

Botany

Lighting Consultant

Renewable Energy

Code + Fire Safety Engineer Traffic and Transportation Planner Heritage and Preservation Architect Arborist

Sustainability Material Sciences URBAN ADVISORY Community Engagement

Environmental Engineer / Planner

Urban Agriculture

Acoustical Engineer

Competitions Coordinator

Cost Estimator

Public Consultation Expert


15

Taksim Square Facing West

Maksem Square Facing North


U

P

T

9

D

E

A

A

A

X

S

R

W

7

H

2

8

4

10

O

G

N

11

M

C

3

F

1

Intercontinental Hotel Marmara Hotel Grand Hyatt Divan Hotel

J K L M

Taksim Theatre

G

Republic Monument

Gezi Park

F

H

Talimhane

E

Taksim Gardens

C

İstiklal Caddesi

Medciye Barracks

B

D

Taksim Maksem

A

Urban Artefacts

Q

K

6

5

French Consulate

Ersayan armenian high school

Ersayan Armenian church

Taksim Camii

Aya triada church lodging

Aya triada greek orthodox church

Atatürk Cultural Centre Atatürk Library

Z

Atatürk Anatolian High School Y

X

W Zapyon greek high school

V

U

T

S

R

Q Kazancı Ali Ağa Camii

P

O Lybian Consulate

N Romanian Consulate

J

L

Taksim Mosque Gate Boulevard of the Republic Gate Gezi Garden Gate İstiklal Gate

10 11 12

İstiklal Gate

7

9

Atatürk Cultural Centre Gate

6

Maksem Square Gate

Atatürk L ibrary Gate

5

Gezi Park Stage

3

Boulevard of the Republic

Maksem Plaza

2

4

Taksim Square

1

Spaces

8

Y

B

A


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