Taksim Belongs to Everybody! Cultivating a Space for Pluralism
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2
A xonometric View Looking North
Table of Contents 3
Introduction
4 6 8 10 12
Step Step Step Step Step
14
Phase 2 Team
15
Perspectives
Fold-out
1:1000 Plan
1: Recognizing Exiting Diversity 2: Restoring Integrity of Existing Urban Artifacts 3: Defining the Commons 4: Enhancing the Commons 5: Fostering Future Diversity
Introduction
3
Istanbul
Step 1
Diversity is at the core of Instanbul's identity. Connecting Europe and Asia, Istanbul has always been one of the most diverse cities in the world; a global hub gathering people, and goods from all over the world.
Around Taksim, diverse identities are represented in culturally significant urban artifacts. In the first step, the existing diversity of artifacts and urban memory around Taksim is identified.
Taksim Diversity is also at the core of Taksim's identity. As the modern, post-Ottoman, centre of Istanbul, Taksim is surrounded by monuments representing diverse beliefs, cultures, and ideas. Once a Greek-Armenian neighbourhood on the outskirts of the city, it was also a symbolic space of Kemalism and Modernism, a tourist destination, and a centre for Istanbul's alternative subculutres. Methodology for Cultivating a Space for Pluralism
Step 2 Where damaged, urban integrity of culturally significant artifacts is restored. A clearly defined Taksim Square is delineated.
Diversity is the identity of Taksim, and Istanbul. Pluralism is the explicit valuing of diversity as such. A pluralist space encourages everyone to maintain their independent cultural traditions, while at the same time including them in the overall collective.
Step 3 A clear hierarchy of shared public spaces anchored around the transporatation nodes is created. Accessibility around the site is enhanced.
TAKSIM Step 4 Ecological commons are also enhanced. A green system is created.
Taksim, as the commons, a clealry defined shared space where difference can be negotiated Step 5
In order to cultivate a pluralist space, already existing differences and identities need to be recognized. (Step 1) The integrity of these identities should be preserved and enhanced. (Step 2) The Commons, a shared space where differences can be negotiated, must be clearly defined and delieanated. (Step 3) Wherever possible, the shared commons should be enhanced in order to supported further diversity. (Step 4) Finally, the inclusion of others needs to be facilitated. Procedures encouraging inclusivity are established. (Step 5)
Inclusive design and programming process is created. Permanent functions and temporary functions are proposed.
Step 1: Recognizing Existing Diversity
Heterogeneous, culturally significant urban artifacts showcase the diversity of Taksim.
4
Taksim is surrounded by many culturally significant urban artificats. These artifiacts have been built during different eras, and represent different belief systems and ideologies. The first step in creating a pluralist place resides in recognizing the already exisiting diversity. In the case of Taksim, the social and cultural diversity is reflected in the architectural and aesthetic diversity of its urban artificats.
OTT-WAT-I Taksim Maksem
GRE-REL-I Aya Triada Greek Orthodox Church
OT T-PUB-I Taksim Gardens
OT T-PUB-I Istikal
REP-MON-I Republic Monument
PRO-RES-I Talimhane
PRO-PUB-I Gezi Park
MOD-PUB-I Atatürk Cultural Centre
MOD-HTL-II Intercontinental Hotel
MOD-HTL-III Marmara Hotel
MOD-PUB-II Atatürk Public Library
CON-REL-IV Taksim Camii
OTT (Ottoman)
GRE (Greek)
REP (Early Republican)
PUB (Public Spaces) I. Taksim Gardens II. Istikal WAT (Water Infrastructure) I. Taksim Maksem II. Mehmed Paşa Fountain III. Hafiz Ahmet Paşa Fountain MIL (Military Buildings) I. Gumuşsuyu Barrack II. Medciye Barracks III. Third Itu Campus Building ARM (Armenian) REL (Religious) I. Vosgeperan armenian catholic church II. Ersayan armenian church EDU (Educational) I. Ersayan armenian high school II. Ersayan armenian primary and secondary school
REL (Religious) I. Aya triada greek orthodox church II. Aya triada church lodging EDU (Educational) I. Zapyon greek high school EUR (Early 20th Century European Influence) CON (Consulates) I. French consulate II. Belgian consulate III. German consulate RES (Residential) I. Taksim palas apartments II. Gumuşsuyu palas apartments
PUB (Public Buildings) I. Taksim Theatre MON (Monuments) I. Republic Monument PRO (Prost) PUB (Public Spaces) I. Gezi Park RES (Residential) I. Talimhane MOD (Modern) PUB (Public Buildings) I. Atatürk Cultural Centre II. Atatürk Public Library HTL (Hotels) I. Divan Hotel II. Intercontinental Hotel III. Marmara Hotel
CON (Contemporary) CON (Consulates) I. Libyan Consulate II. Romanian Consulate III. Romanian Cultural Centre IV. Macedonian Consulate HTL (Hotels) I. Grand Hyatt EDY (Educational) I. Atatürk Anatolian High School II. Fındıklı High School REL (Religious) I. Kazancı Ali Ağa Camii II. Taksim Mescidi III. Selime Hatun Camii IV. Taksim Camii
5
Late Ottoman Period (1880s)
Early Republican Period (1942)
Modern Period (1975)
MOD-HTL-I
OTT-MIL-II
CONT-HTL-I
OTT-PUB-I MOD-HTL-II
MOD-PUB-II
PRO-RES-I PRO-PUB-I
OTT-MIL-I
REP-MON-I CONT-REL-IV CONT-CON-III EUR-CON-I MOD-PUB-I
OTT-WAT-I
ARM-REL-II
EUR-RES-II
CONT-REL-III MOD-HTL-III EUR-RES-I GRE-REL-II
REP-PUB-I
CONT-CON-IV CONT-EDU-II
OTT-PUB-II
CONT-CON-I
GRE-REL-I
OTT-WAT-II CONT-REL-I
OTT-WAT-III ARM-EDU-I
ottoman
armenian
public space + institutions
CONT-CON-II
GRE-EDU-I
ARM-REL-I CONT-EDU-I Existing Diversity: Identities and Urban Memory ARM-EDU-II
greek education
EUR-CON-II
EUR-CON-III
N
early 20th c. w european religious
infrastructure
early republic military
prost
modern
consulate
residential
0
CONT-REL-II 50
contemporary hotel
100
200m
Step 2: Restoring Integrity of Existing Urban Artifacts
Formal integrity of Gezi, Talimhane, and the Boulevard of the Republic is enhanced.
Historical interventions have compromised the urban integrity of Taksim, as well as the formal clarity of Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens. The order and symmetry of Prost's original design has been lost. By restoring missing blocks of Talimhane, and creating a linear park in place of old Taksim Boulevard, integrity of the site is improved. Planting over select pathways within Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens expands green space and clarifies path hierarchy.
Early 1940s Gezi Park
Contemporary Gezi Park
Proposed Gezi Park
Early 1940s Talimhane
Contemporary Talimhane
Proposed Talimhane
Early 1940s Taksim Square
Contemporary Taksim Square - "No Taksim"
Proposed Taksim Square - " Taksim Returns!"
6
7
Talimhane and Boulevard of the Republic Restoration
Gezi Park and Gezi Gardens Restoration
Taksim Square Clarification and Delineation
consolidating green spaces in the Munipal Gardens to clarify circulation hierarchy
creating a linear park in place of the lost Taksim Blvd.
restoring lost Talimhane blocks with affordable art and rental spaces
planting over selected pathways in Gezi Park to increase green space and restore original path hierarchy
clarifying Taksim’s edges by creating a landscaped threshold zone
creating a landscaped buffer zone in front of the Maksem
Restoration of Urban Integrity N
0
50
100
200m
Step 3: Defining the Commons
The Commons comprise a hierarchy of shared spaces, centred on transporation nodes.
8
The area around Taksim square currently suffers from many poorly defined open spaces, which lack identity or the amenities needed for full inhabitation. It is also poorly connected to the surrounding city, with Taksim square being stranded between busy streets, and Gezi Park isolated to the west by a large expanse of empty pavement and a large grade change. By defining transportation nodes, as distinct "gates", expanding the network of pedestrian paths, and creating landscaped edges, a clear hiearachy of circulation space is created.
Path Boulevard of the Republic Section A
Path Gezi Park Section B
Edge Maksem Plaza Section C
The concrete slab above the Cumhuryet Cd. tunnel will develop into a public boulevard and linear park. Building on the recent street lighting upgrades, a wider pedestrian boulevard to the west and a smaller sidewalk to the east lead pedestrians down to the Monument of the Republic.
While reducing the amount of paving in Gezi Park, the existing paths should be re-paved where needed, with new lighting to extend the system developed for Taksim Square. Smaller informal paths open up the wooded area to exploration, with small rest pavilions, seating clusters, and bollard lighting.
The Maksem's stone facade is currently obscured by parked vehicles and informal market stalls. With the creation of a new market hall directly north, this facade can be reclaimed with a row of shade trees, public seating / tables, and re-activated fountains. This edge to Maksem Plaza will be recognizable through its distictive small paver stones.
Path Lighting
Boulevard of the Republic
Main Path
Taksim Edge
Informal Path
Edge / Central Commons Taksim Square Section D
Event Space Gezi Music Pavilion Section E
Gate Maksem Metro Entrance Section F
Taksim square will be bounded on three sides by a new buffer zone of street trees, public furniture, power, water, and lighting infrastructure. Metro entrances will be absorbed into this zone, and existing leaving Taksim square as clear and legible public space, with its own identity.
The long-disused statue plinth is proposed to become a performance space, with a simple open stage pavilion, that can be flexibly programmed. This stage puts citizens rather than statues at the top of the park, with views overlooking the park to the north and Taksim Square to the south.
Recognizable by their distinctive paving, gates mark entrances to the Taksim/Gezi Park area, located at major transportation nodes. Fountains provide natural meeting places, masking urban noise, and sybolically link to the the Maksem. Parking required for site servicing will generally be located at gates, rather than allowing traffic to traverse the site.
Light masts
Metro Entrance with new roof
Stage Pavilion
Metro Entrance
Gate Fountain
Taksim Edge
Gezi Stage
Maksem Metro Gate
Material Palette
Main Pedestrian Paths
Gezi Park Informal Paths
Gates
Republic Boulevard Linear Park
Taksim Edges
Taksim Square
450cm x 450cm Granite Pavers
Decomposed Granite
Granite Pavers
Decomposed Granite
Granite Cobblestone
Granite Slabs
Fine Texture
Grey (to match pavers)
Flamed Finish
Coloured
Flamed Finish / Small Format
Flamed Finish / Large Format
9
Metro Improved North Gezi Connection
Taxi + Bus Parking Bus + Taxi + Parking
Main Pedestrian Axis
Metro Bus + Taxi + Parking
Bus + Taxi + Parking Metro
Bus + Taxi
Transportation Nodes aka Gates
Main Circulation A xes
Accessible Paths in Gezi Park
Improve pedestrian access at intersection
Improve pedestrian access at intersection
Gezi Garden Gate contains access to metro
New path and stairs to connect to AKM secondary entrance
Boulevard of the Republic Gate contains Taxi drop-off and Bus parking
Gezi Foun ta in Squa re
li c vard
of th e Re pub
F
A
P
E Pe r fo rm an Sp a c c e e
B o u le
Taksim Mosque Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up location, and access to underground Bus Stop
Maksem Square Gate contains access to metro. The metro entrance is re-orinted facing Boulevard of the Republic
AtatĂźrk Library Gate improves pedestrian connection to the Library and AKM North Entrance. AtatĂźrk Library Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up, and a Bus Stop
B
Simplify and reduce paving within Gezi Park Remove vehicle parking within Gezi Park
Maksem Square
AKM Gate contains Parking space, Taxi pick-up, and a Bus Stop
D
Taksim Square
P
C
Modify street to provide expanded entry plaza for P
A metro entrance stair outside of Taksim Square Istikal Gate is the main pedestrian entrance to the site, and contains Taxi drop-off location
The Commons: Hierarchy of Shared Spaces N
0
50
100
200m
Step 4: Enhancing the Commons
10
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A Forest W th n the C ty
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637
586
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1191
597
639
635 636
643
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1190
1206
640
716
1242
670
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66.63
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603
601
598
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602
632
634
647
1257
668
604
605
599
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631
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716
27% o trees on s te are n poor hea th or exposed to env ronmenta threats nc ud ng ceratocyst s p atan and p ne process onary moth The comb nat on o grass and edges and orested core supports spec es that ght pests and protect nat ve p ants Such spec es nc ude Ca osoma sycophanta
1205
629
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667
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w th n denser and hea thy ex st ng andscapes These pockets can support the oca spec es by ncreas ng b od vers ty and creat ng more res ent p ant commun t es Year 1
Year 20
Year 20
Year 20
T ee p an ng ma x Unde canopy aye Ex s ng ees
Landscape 2 Urban Buffers Shrubs and Grass ands
Landscape 3 Connect ve Corr dors Street Tree A ĂŠes
P anted a ong the edges o the s te these areas o ten ocated on sha ow so conta n grass and spec es sma shrubs and sma trees n p anters or on berms These per phera areas are mu t -use spaces or peop e and ve y po nator ecosystems Spec es nc ude Heaths Sumacs and spec mens such as Umbre a p nes S k trees Communa Forag ng and Food Process ng Opportun t es Sports and theatr ca per ormances but a so seasona harvest ng and dry ng o some o the park s p ants nc ud ng C chor um ntybus Rhus cor ar a Rumex acetose a Cappar s sp nosa
G ass ands w h so a ed shade ees
P nus p nea
Rhus co a a
C cho um n ybus
Rumex ace ose a
The edges o Taks m Maksem P aza and the Repub c Bou evard are p anted as buffers rom the bust e o urban e These are p easant y shaded nhab tat on zones that we come peop e onto the s te These are a so arger a ĂŠes or heav er pedestr an traff c through the s te wh ch act as m grat on corr dors or both peop e and oca auna P ant ng w th n these areas w predom nant y nc ude ungus res stant p ane tree cu t vars The corr dors are popu ated w th benches and amp e ght ng to a ow or sa e and com ortab e use day and n ght
Pa k a ĂŠe
P a anus o en a s
Landscape Type 3 Urban Buffers Grasslands + Pollinator (shallow soil perimetre areas with planters and shallow silva cells)
Landscape Type 1 Ecosystem Nodes Urban Euxine Forest (deep soil areas)
Landscape Type 2 Connective Corridors Urban Planting (deep soil silva cells)
11
Rooms and Plazas Social Spaces Porous pavinf with water retention below
Vehicular tunnels and stations
Landscape Types and Hydrology
grass here 1256
1255
1254
1253
1250 1252
1249 1251
1248
1247 1246
1245
1244 1263
1242 1262 1243 1241
1261 1260 1257
1258 1259 1240 1239 1238
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1235
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1220 1219 1218
1268 1269 1270
1221
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728 729
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606 604
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URBA N
535
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353
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311
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145 1106
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557 555 554 553 552
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579 580
570
565 564
563 562 556
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717 719 720 713
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635 636
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661 669
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61 70
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154
153
71 86
83
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77
743 79
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919293 949596 97 9899 100 102 101 104105106 103 107
163 108
111 109 110
80 81
742
113
132
131
130
114
129
162 128 127
115
126 125
116 117 118
124 119
120
121
123
122
771
772 773 763
774 765
747 762
767
764
769
1197 766
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770
768
1192
1193
740 1194
758 759 760 1195
761
756
755
821
739
757
737
1196
752 753
820
822 754
738
818 748
735
819 749
750 751
808
736 733
814
734
809
731
811
732
812
810
813
815 817
816
1301
1272
1300
1299
1198 1199
1286
1200 1285 1204
1203 1002
1201 1288 1298
1287
1284
1297
1283
803 1282
1296 1281 1295
1280 807 1279
804
806
1294 805
1278 1277 802
800
801
1276 1293
795 798
1275 1274
1273
797
799
796 793 794
1292
1289
1290
1291
The Commons: Ecology and Hydrology N
Landscape 1: Native Forest
Landscape 2: Shrubs and Grasslands
Central underground water retention Tank
Landscape 3: Street Tree AllĂŠes
Public water access (For water features and potable water fountains)
0
Specimen Grassland Trees
50
100
200m
Perimeter Grassland Trees
Step 5: Fostering Future Diversity
An inclusive design process encourages even greater diversification of Taksim in the future.
12
The proposal seeks to ensure that the social and cultural diversity of Taksim continues to increase as the time goes on. In order to promote pluralistic future development of Taksim, specific areas of the sites have been designated as Design Committee Zones, Potential Competition Sites, and Temporary Event Spaces. Design Committees, Competitions, and Temporary Events all facilitate involvement of a broader community in planning, designing and programming Taksim.
Design Committee Zones In order to ensure that the diversity and integrity of already existing culturally signifcant structures around Taksim is maintained and further enhanced, parts of the site that include or are adjecent to these structures have been designated as Design Committee Zones. The purpose of each Committee is to provide the designers with site specific expertise, and knowledge of site specific requirements, such that the artistic and functional integrity of culturally significant structures is preserved as much as possible, or altered only through an inclusive collaborative process. By helping preserve the integrity of each culturally significant urban artifact, the Design Committees will help preserve the diversity of Taksim. Design Committees should provide a voice to agents who may otherwise from the city building process.
City
The Public
Pavilion Competition Site Potential
Market Competition Site Potential
Art Installation / Pavilion Competition Site Potential
Outdoor Sufi Dance Performance Formal Temporary Event
Iftar Informal Temporary Event
Outdoor Theatre Performance Formal Temporary Event
Iftar Informal Temporary Event
Outdoor Music Performance Informal Temporary Event
Outdoor Wrestling Temporary Event
Sumac Harvest Seasonal Event
Monument Committees Maksem Committee Aya Triada Committee Taksim Municipal Gardens Committee
Taksim Design Committee Architects
Istiklal Committee Republic Monument Committee Talimhane Committee Gezi Committee
Planners Landscape Architects Artists
AKM Committee Intercontinental Hotel Committee Marmara Hotel Committee Ataturk Library Committee Taksim Mosque Committee
Competition Sites The proposal assumes that the design and functional programme of specific places on the site should be further developed through open calls for proposal, or design competitions. These competitions can involve much broader specturm of the public in the design of Taksim, giving them a role in the process. New culturally significant artefacts can be created, including groups which are currently exclude from Taksim. Sites suitable for future design competitions are defined in order to make this outcome more likely. Temporary Event Spaces The goal of the project is to encourage the greatest possible number and range of events on site. Temporary Events can range from informal social gatherings, such as an Iftar meal, to Seasonal Events, such as Sumac harvesting, to formal events that would require a permit, such as outdoor theatre performances. Through these events diverse social groups can feel included in Taksim.
13 Intercontinental Hotel
Gezi Gardens
AtatĂźrk Library Amphitheatre
Talimhane Extension
Central Axis of Event Spaces
Gezi
Taksim Camii + Maksem Istikal Tram and Republic Monument
AKC Entry Plaza Marmara Hotel Aya Triada
Desing Committee Zones
Potential Competition Sites
Main Spaces for Temporary Events
Gezi Gardens Design Committee Zone Cafe Pavilion Design Competition Site Pavilion and/or Art Instalation Design Competition Site
B o u le v a rd Even t Sp a c e
Gezi Gardens Design Committee Zone
Small Kiosk Design Competition Sites
Pe r fo
Talimhane Extension Design Committee Zone
Garden Restaurant Competition Site Performance Stage Pavilion Design Comeptition Site
rm a n Sp a c c e e
Market and Workshop Building Design Competition Site
AtatĂźrk Library Design Committee Zone
Gezi Foun ta in Squa re
Small Playground Structure Design Competition Pavilion and/or Art Installation Design Competition Site
Intercontinental Hotel Design Committee Zone
Gezi Terrace Design Competition Site
Taksim Square
Taksim Camii and Maksem Design Committee Zone
Istikal and Republic Monument Design Committee Zone
Marmara Hotel Streetscape Design Committee Zone
AKC Entry Plaza Design Committee Zone
Aya Triada Design Committee Zone
Fostering Future Diversity: Inclusive Process N
0
50
100
200m
Phase 2 Team
Bringing together a diverse group of experts, creatives and communities
14
Creating a new design for Taksim square and its surroundings, that is both forward thinking and respectful of the site's history and memory requires input from a very diverse group of stakeholders. The project's second phase team will need to include a broad range of consultants and advisors, as well as input from the public, local community groups and newly established local monuments committees.
Diverse Expertise Due to its multi-layered complexity, the redesign of Taksim square requires the involvement of a multitude of different experts, each with their own set of expertise. The phase 2 main team will include Landscape Architects, Architects, Planners and Consulting Artists, who will be supported by additional technical consultants and specialized advisors upon implementation of the project. Community Engagement The core design team and consultants will deepen their knowledge of the site and its multitude of stakeholders, and refine the design of the project by directly engaging with the public and with the newly formed local monuments committees which will help preserve the cultural significance while improving the diversity of the site. We hope these committees can include representatives of all adjacent monuments.
CLIENT / INVESTOR The City of Istanbul
PHASE 2 TEAM
Landscape Architect
Architect
Urban Planner
Consulting Artist
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CONSULTANTS
PRIMARY TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS These consultants will provide the necessary technical expertise to complete the project. Many primary technical consultants will be brought onto the team following the completion of the second phase of the competi tion. The various fields of expertise listed below may be provided by one or multiple firms: Geotechnical Engineer Structural Engineering
SPECIALIZED EXPERTISE ADVISORY This advisory board could include the following disciplines: ARTS AND CULTURE ADVISORY Artists Public Art Consultant Historian SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY
Civil Engineering
Ecology + Hydrology
Electrical / Electronics Engineering
Botany
Lighting Consultant
Renewable Energy
Code + Fire Safety Engineer Traffic and Transportation Planner Heritage and Preservation Architect Arborist
Sustainability Material Sciences URBAN ADVISORY Community Engagement
Environmental Engineer / Planner
Urban Agriculture
Acoustical Engineer
Competitions Coordinator
Cost Estimator
Public Consultation Expert
15
Taksim Square Facing West
Maksem Square Facing North
U
P
T
9
D
E
A
A
A
X
S
R
W
7
H
2
8
4
10
O
G
N
11
M
C
3
F
1
Intercontinental Hotel Marmara Hotel Grand Hyatt Divan Hotel
J K L M
Taksim Theatre
G
Republic Monument
Gezi Park
F
H
Talimhane
E
Taksim Gardens
C
İstiklal Caddesi
Medciye Barracks
B
D
Taksim Maksem
A
Urban Artefacts
Q
K
6
5
French Consulate
Ersayan armenian high school
Ersayan Armenian church
Taksim Camii
Aya triada church lodging
Aya triada greek orthodox church
Atatürk Cultural Centre Atatürk Library
Z
Atatürk Anatolian High School Y
X
W Zapyon greek high school
V
U
T
S
R
Q Kazancı Ali Ağa Camii
P
O Lybian Consulate
N Romanian Consulate
J
L
Taksim Mosque Gate Boulevard of the Republic Gate Gezi Garden Gate İstiklal Gate
10 11 12
İstiklal Gate
7
9
Atatürk Cultural Centre Gate
6
Maksem Square Gate
Atatürk L ibrary Gate
5
Gezi Park Stage
3
Boulevard of the Republic
Maksem Plaza
2
4
Taksim Square
1
Spaces
8
Y
B
A