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TAKSIN URBAN DESIGN MASTER PLAN & CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT TAKSIN / DESIGN REPORT

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01 PROJECT ANALYSIS 01.01 HISTORICAL TAKSIM Taksim went from a cemetery, a water distribution center; saw prosperity and economic decay; it has become a manifesto of an open and democratic Turkey that breaks with secular traditions and aspires to a category of big cities. It was, therefore, also where resistance to these changes took shape - events, sometimes destructive. He saw decisions being made above the low level and a population expressing its willingness to be heard. Taksim remains in an eternal state of tension, where nothing is permanent, being disputed by two different worldviews and representing a purer manifestation of the city as “the place of confrontations and (conflicting) relationships between desire and need, between satisfaction and dissatisfaction� (Levebvre).

A space with such significance cannot surrender to a neoliberal urbanism with spectacular architectures that make cities generic and standardize the tourist experience. Our proposal aims to respect the historical layers of the place and a discreet design that seeks to enhance the highlights and create pleasant spaces for living and exchanging, after all, if spaces influence social relationships, it is also listening and living with the different that many conflicts can be resolved.

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01.02 HISTORICAL TAKSIM Currently the most urgent issue worldwide is adapting to climate change and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and Istanbul is no exception. Making cities more resilient and sustainable is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda, which goes beyond the environmental agenda and also seeks to make cities safer and more inclusive.

The paper “Six Transformations to Achieve the SDGs,â€? published on 26 August in the journal Nature, also identifies “Sustainable cities and communitiesâ€? as one of six key transformations to implement the 17 SDGs. By grouping the major interventions needed to achieve each SDG, they identify priority investments and actions to maximize the results, showing that promoting a better city traz benefĂ­cios em diversos outros campos e pode ajudar a atingir outros SDGs. Acording to the paper, regarding the cities, the focus should be: - “ensuring access to the water supply, sanitation and appropriate sewage and waste disposal in urban and rural areasâ€?; - ensuring “sustainable and efficient mobilityâ€?, with particular attention on “reducing air pollution from transport and ensuring the long-term sustainability of transportâ€?; - promoting “adequate green spaces, infrastructure for cycling and walking, and other interventions to increase resource-use efficiency and quality of lifeâ€?.

The paper also highlights the need to “enhance resilience against climate change and extreme weather events, including more heat waves, droughts, flooding and enhanced disease ofv acordo transmission�. The projections for Istanbul according to the “Istanbul Climate Change Action Plan� are summarized in the image on the right:

Change in Heat Annual mean temperature increase

Change in Precipitation

1 - 4.5°C

The hottest day temperature

40+°C

The coldest day temperature

0+°C

Summer temperature = increase Number of hot days to increase

1,5

x

Winter temperature increase

Number of cool days to decrease Days with frost to reduce significantly

Drought Longest dry period to prolong

maximum

23 days

Urban Heat Island Additional mean temperature increase due to dense urbanization

1 - 2°C

Total annual precipitation decrease

maximum

Heavy rain days to increase

maximum

Precipitation during heavy rain days to increase

maximum

Severity of precipitation to increase

maximum

12% 20% 59% 9%

Sea Level Rise

45-75 cm

Air Quality Due to urbanization along East-West axis, prevalent winds along North-South axis to be affected, thus reducing air quality which exacerbates climatic threats

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17NZ20BR Based on this and on the trends of greater appreciation of green spaces after the covid-19, we make some general (global) adaptation and mitigation proposals and others that will be dealt with specifically in the intervention area.

Mitigation Actions · MORE BIKES - Reduction of road emissions by incentivizing the use of bicycles for transportation More information would be necessary in order to present a design solution for new cycle paths, even if within the intervention area, such as flow counting and survey of the best routes due to the steep slope of some streets, therefore, it is For an initial cycle strategy we support the response suggested by WRI for Republic Street was considered in the study “Safe Cycling Design Manual for Istanbul”, and add to it paracycles were located close to the accesses to the subway and bus stops, for the convenience of cyclists who already users of cycle modal.

More information would be necessary in order to present a design solution for new cycle paths, even if within the intervention area, such as flow counting and survey of the best routes due to the steep slope of some streets, therefore, it is We recognize and emphasize the great need for more information in the use of the space to be able to best respond. To attend those specific needs is suggested the development of a Bycicle Master Plan in order to provide effective responses based in reliable and large data

. Anyway, given the width of the city streets, the solutions for bicycles will probably involve sharing the road with buses - on the widest - and cars on the narrowest, without major changes in the profile of the roads. · MORE PUBLIC TRANSPORT - Reduction of road emissions by incentivizing public transportation Updating the fleet of buses and minibuses for electric vehicles (or powered by another type of clean energy); creation of preferred bus lanes on existing roads; increase in the metro network; development of a transportation master plan.

Source: https://www.ihs.nl/en/resources/library/sdg-11-knowledge-

· MORE WALKABILITY - Reduction of road emissions by incentivizing pedestrian transportation Create continuous green networks in the city, with wide and accessible walks providing good infrastructure and greenery with approx. 500m (5 min walk) spaced stops or pocket parks as suggested by Jan Gehl, in order to to provide a break for rest and recreational equipment for its surroundings · LESS CARS - Reduction of road emissions by discouraging the use of individual motorized transport many advances have been made in the area of public transport in Istanbul, but the same investment is also made for cars, so it is always more advantageous to have the vehicle itself. Added to this is the large offer of free street parking. Thus, there is a need to reduce the number of public parking spaces and traffic lanes, allocating space to pedestrians, cyclists, buses or vegetation as a way of stimulating other, more sustainable modes of transport. · MORE VARIATY AND CONNECTIVITY - Reduction of road emissions by the reducing the need for long transfers ensuring access to social housing in different areas of the city, so that people are able to live close to work, reducing the need to travel long distances between peripheral areas - cheaper - and more valued areas of the city; distributing parks, squares and public services equally in the city, guaranteeing the same type of access without large displacements. : garantindo o acesso a habitação social em diversas áreas da cidade, pois assim as pessoas tem condições de morar perto do trabalho, reduzindo a necessidade de percorrer grandes distâncias entre áreas periféricas – mais baratas – e áreas mais valorizadas da cidade; distribuindo parques, praças e serviços públicos de forma equânime na cidade, garantindo o mesmo tipo de acesso sem grandes deslocamentos. · MORE GREEN - Expanding urban green spaces (carbon sinks) Afforestation of roads and existing urban green spaces; increase the permeability area of the soil to reduce urban heat island .; Designating vacant urban land to new green spaces; Define minimum soil permeability for projects on private land; encourage the use of solutions such as garden terrace and green wall in buildings.

Adaptation Actions Adoção de medidas já propostas pelo Action Plan, such as: · Enhancing climate resilience of urban green spaces · Reducing water consumption in urban green spaces · Irrigating urban green spaces with treated wastewater and rainwater · Prioritizing drought-resistant trees with shade properties in the landscaping of squares and carpark roofs · Expanding urban green spaces · Taking measures to prevent the rate of evaporation of water · Rehabilitation of rainwater drainage systems · Separating rainwater drainage system from the sewage network · Increasing capacities of wastewater treatment facilities · Enabling additional capacity in wastewater treatment facilities in cases such as the impossibility of completely splitting rainwater drainage system

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0352-9.epdf?author_access_token=PYxHIfTzicPDZ1f8Mpi4ddRgN 0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OUvCcY5pZ8AaTx0MkoopkKOS7OzdwrSBL-nqy90SNoGgHmldD2otpknRagcTqK2IJMLpfA w86QRMHl3QEjytXGWz5FGotx9W9u1jWK0QbJVw%3D%3D

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Existing and sugested open green public spaces Competition Area Green streets Waterfront Explanade

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01 PROJECT 01 DESIGN RESPONSE

ANALYSIS

0OBJECTIVES PROJECT ANALYSIS/DESIGN RESPONSE THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO BUILD A SPACE FOR PEOPLE THAT RESPECTS THE MEMORY OF THE PLACE AND HELPS TO CREATE A MORE RESILIENT AND PREPARED CITY TO DEAL WITH CLIMATE CHANGE 01 BUILD A SPACE FOR PEOPLE; PUBLIC SPACE AS A STAGE FOR PUBLIC AND DEMOCRATIC LIFE 02 RESPECT AND DIALOG WITH THE LOCAL SPATIAL MEMORY; “DISCREET” PROJECT FOCUSED ON CREATING A SPACE COMPATIBLE WITH THE HUMAN SCALE AND THAT GENERATES A PLEASANT AND COMFORTABLE BACKDROP FOR URBAN LIFE. 03 HELP TO BUILDING RESILIENCE FOR FUTURE CHALLENGES IMPLEMENT PRINCIPLES QUE AJUDEM A CRIAR UMA CIDADE MAIS RESILIENTE E PREPARADA PARA LIDAR COM AS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS

02 THE CONCEPT Public life, just like water has a tendency to occupy the space where it is present. With this analogy in mind we bring water features across the proposal to celebrate democracy and public life.

Also, conscious of the new operational mode that cities will have to act upon to adjust to climate change, the water features are align with strategic principles to ensure resilience and flexibility. Among them area water catchment and storage so it can be used in the landscaping; infiltration gardens in order to help slow the water run for when we reach the expected high rain water volumes and avoid community floods; shade elements to prevent excessive water evaporation are some of those strategies that are applied through the hole project

THE PROPOSAL 01 DEMOCRATIC MONUMENT THE DEMOCRATIC MONUMENT HAVE A CENTRAL RULE AS PART OF THE STRATEGY TO REINFORCE THE HISTORICAL CHARACTER OF THE PLACE. HERE THE CONCEPT IS REPRESENTED IN THE CIRCULAR SEATINGS AND GREEN VEGETATION RINGS ON THE FLOOR THAT ALLUDES TO THE WATER WAVES WHEN A DROP FALL INTO A POND

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17NZ20BR TOURIST Turkish nationals visiting from all over Turkey and International visitors

WORKING RKING PROFESSIONALS ESSIONALS Working g nearby

SHOPPERS OPPERS People visiting commercial premises es for business

01 DESIGN NR RESPONSE E S PON S E

PUBLIC BLIC TRANSPORT ANSPORT USERS ERS

RESIDENTS

STUDENTS From different ages coming from the library and the university

People using the space as a transportation hub

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05 04 01

03 02

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Monument Taksim Square Taksim Gezi Park Replublic Street (Cumhuriyet Street) Tarlabaşı Square Maksem Space Enlightment Grove

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01 GUIDELINES & DESIGN STRATEGY - Adequate the space to the human scale and encourage permanence - Insert “borders” in the square in order to create a transition space and a free internal area (which still allows demonstrations) and more welcoming; - Visually “reduce” the width of the Republic Street, in order to make it more compatible with the Independence Street - Increase the quantity and quality of living spaces - Discipline the flow, stop and parking of tourist vehicles, loading and unloading, taxi, bus and minibus - Adapting space to climate change - Afforestation (mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions) - Increase in shaded areas (adaptation to temperature rise and excessive evaporation) - Increase in permeable area (adaptation to heavy and concentrated rains - which can lead to flooding) - Increase in garden areas (mitigation of heat islands) - Use of vegetation resistant to periods of drought - Collect rainwater - Mitigation of the gentrification process - Destination of area for fairs of local producers - Rental of part of the space for advertising and destination of the resource for social housing projects and other incentives for the permanence of the local population - Adaptation of space to all audiences - Increased sense of security at night (women, lgbtqi + group) - Proposition of activities that encourage the occupation of space in this period - Adequate lighting

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- Accessibility (wheelchair users, low mobility, elderly) - Reinforce the historical character of the place, highlighting the four main elements of the space: 01 Monument to the Republic - Reinforce the visual axes towards the monument - Create a plan between the monument and the mosque in order to seek a balance of scale between the two - Maskem - Cultural Center - Park - Create a transition between square / street and park, inviting pedestrians to access it - Make green areas part of citizens’ leisure, social life and entertainment * make each space have its specific characteristics, but that some elements are repeated (eg materials, water) to keep the unit

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01. REPUBLIC MONUMENT 02. REPUBLIC MONUMENT GARDENS

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03. MAKSEM’S CASCADE

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04. TAKSIM SQUARE 05. FOOD TRUCK SPACE 06. PERGOLA

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07. TERRACED SEATING SPACE 08. THE LAWN

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09. CAFES

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10. TWINS SPLASH PADS

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11. GEZI PARK STAIRS 12. TOURIST INFORMATION POINT AND ARTISTIC SOUVENIR STORES 13. TURKEY ADEVNTURE 14. REPUBLIC BOULEVARD

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15. TARLABASI SQUARE 16. SKATE AREA 17. SPORTS COURTS 18. PLAYGROUND 19. MEMORIAL 20. EXISTING FOUNTAIN 21. EXISTING CAFE 22. SCULPTURE PROMENADE 23. EXISTING RELOCATED CAFE 24. DECKS 25. EXISTING CAFE 26. ENLIGHTENMENT GROVE 27. AMPHITHEATRE

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28. FLOWER MARKET 29. INDEPENDENCE STREET

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17NZ20BR 02. REPUBLIC MONUMENT GARDENS Benches are proposed for this area since lots of people are since sitted on the fences.

02. REPUBLIC MONUMENT GARDENS

Gardens and benches in a circular form in order to emphasize the monument..

03. MAKSEM’S CASCADE

The intention was to bring back the water to the Maksem creating a relaxing place with the water sound reducing city noise.

05. FOOD TRUCK SPACE AND 06. PERGOLA

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17NZ20BR The pergola is an element to bring the space back to the pedestrian scale. Food trucks can change during the days or weeks so that there’s always something new to to taste.

08. THE LAWN

To lay down, watch projections or listen to small concerts.

09. CAFES

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17NZ20BR 10. TWINS SPLASH PADS

11. GEZI PARK STAIRS

12. TOURIST INFORMATION POINT AND ARTISTIC SOUVENIR STORES In the end of the “Turkey Adventure to informe tourists and disclose national artists, moderns and traditionals, in a form of a souvenir. Emaple: store in Dublin that promotes local designers and artists:

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17NZ20BR 13. TURKEY ADVENTURE Since Istanbul is one of the “gates� of Turkey to the world we proposed a playspace inspired by turkish cities and regions. It is located close to the hotels and to a tourist information point, but it not only functions as advertising, it can also be a fun and relaxing space for Istanbul citizens.

Rotating interactive element ispired on the Whirling Dervishes of Konya.

Sun loungers, a little table, a deck, and sand, all to make people enjoy the relaxing atmosphere of a beach on the Mediterranean and Aegean coast.

Estructure that can be used to climb, sit or explore and is ispired by the fairy-chimneys of Cappadocia

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Small structures on the grass to climb or sit that is visually similar to the Travertine terraces of Pamukkale Sliders ispired by the DĂźden Waterfalls

Structures inspired by the ancient greek ruins, specially the Library of Celsus, in Ephesus

Blocks at different heights that refer to the unic architecture of Mardin’s old city

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17NZ20BR 14. REPUBLIC BOULEVARD A sequence of trees to reinforce the importance of the monument .

15. TARLABASI SQUARE A place to rent for publicity as long as the advertisement is made in the form of an interactive installation and open to all. Examples:

The money raised should be used to promote other installations by Turkish or international artists.

Examples:

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17NZ20BR 26. ENLIGHTENMENT GROVE A grove with places to rest, study and read with citations of famous turkish autors along de path.

27. AMPHITHEATRE Wood amphitheather constructed above a undefined existing struture on the site.

28. FLOWER MARKET Creation of a structure designed to these local merchants.

29 INDEPENDENCE STREET Arborization and benches for more confort while shopping

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