38 - AE0718SR Project Booklet

AE0718SR AE0718SR

Urban Commons Project Description C02 Report C04

C03

C05 CARRIER COLUMN 05 TREE NAME: TREE OF HEAVEN LATIN NAME: AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA AGE: 58

TREE OF HEAVEN AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA

HEIGHT: 30 M Top diameter: 10 M Age: 42

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URBAN COMMONS

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“We are almost there!” she says to her daughter, pushing the stroller on a beautiful sunny day on the Istiklal Avenue.

As she nears the end of the avenue, they see children playing at the splash fountains behind the Republic Monument. Parents and grandparents are watching, seated on the benches where it’s cool and relaxing in the shade and the water mist. The square is a mix of calm and excitement, with people resting, playing, taking pictures, and visiting the info desk to learn what’s new at the park.

She leads the stroller to follow the ramp up the museum where they had such a fun time last weekend at an art workshop for toddlers. As they reach the top, the plaza opens up around them. Children, elders, locals, and tourists are looking down into the museum through the sloped skylights. They continue, moving around people and between trees to get to the playgrounds that are filled with musical swings and toys. She settles on a shaded bench to watch her daughter play. Near her she sees people passing: couples walking their dogs, individuals jogging, and groups of students chatting. After an hour of play, she decides to go on a walk in the park so that her daughter can rest in her stroller.

As they exit the playground and continue into the park, the landscape shifts, leaving the joyful social sounds behind and greeting them with serene tunes of nature instead. Her steps lead them to various art installations scattered around the park, offering glimpses into its rich history. The path takes them to another open area where they see people, waiting for the show taking place at the amphitheatre.

Suddenly the energy is back, crowded with young professionals, art enthusiasts, and curious souls who are clustering near the theatre and food vendors. They continue in the same direction for a bathroom break and refreshments. They end up getting ice cream to enjoy at the viewing terrace; an urban balcony with an unparalleled view overlooking the Bosphorus.

As the sun starts to set, she sees the lights accenting the park and sparkling throughout like fireflies. Distant sounds from the center stage signal live music is about to commence. She looks over to her daughter who is happily eating ice-cream and showing hints of her nearing bedtime. The park seems to be just getting started, but they might head home she thinks. Or maybe, they could stay just a little bit longer.”

We envision a square reunited with the people and a park enlivened by its community in return. A destination that co-creates with its guests, a house that celebrates the culture. Through architectural and urban interventions that promote accessibility, activities, and arts, we revitalize Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park, to become Istanbul’s focal point of practicing democracy and inspiring the future.

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MEMORY MAPPING 1560

1804

1880

1918-1923

1923

1937-1943

Ayas Pasha, a vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, established his foundation including a cemetery.

When the great plague of Istanbul broke out, Ayas Pasha Cemetery was extended from Taksim to Harbiye with the annexation of other cemeteries. The Armenian Surp Agop (Saint Jacob) cemetery dated back to the great plague of Istanbul in 1560. The Catholic and Protestant Cemetery was also located in this area that was called “Grand Champs des Morts” until late 19th century.

Selim III began the construction of military barracks in this area for the artillary corps of the new army. The building was completed in 1806, yet suffered considerable damage during the Kabakçı Mustafa revolt in 1807. It was repaired under the reign of Mahmud II and later under the reign of Abdulaziz in 1860s. The building had an ecclectic style with orientalist influences.

Aya Triada (Holy Trinity) Church was built in the place where the old Greek Orthodox cemetery was located. The edifice, designed by architect Vasilios Ioannis, still functions as a Greek Orthodox Church.

Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire was occupied by British, French and Italian forces at the end of the First World War, from 13 November 1918 to 4 October 1923.

Istanbul was liberated on 4 October 1923. The foundation of the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed on October 29, 1923.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the leader of the War of Independence and the founder of the Republic, became the first Turkish president.

In his master plan for Istanbul, Henri Prost proposed Park No. 2 as a green corridor that connected Maçka Valley to Harbiye, in order to offer green space for recreation to the residents of Istanbul. He designed Gezi Park as an esplanade, a formal entrance to the green area from Taksim Square. Gezi Park replaced the Taksim Artillery Barracks that were demolished in 1940. Mayor Dr. Lütfi Kırdar inaugurated the park in 1943.

1955 The mob attacks known as 6-7 September Incidents were directed primarily to Istanbul’s Greek minority. Looters plundered many shops and properties belonging to the non-muslim citizens in Istiklâl Avenue and Beyoğlu.

1954-65

1731

1865

1909

1921

The name of Taksim Square comes from the Maksem, the water distributer built for the apportion of water to meet the increasing demand in this part of the city. The historical building that was built under Ahmet III and Mahmut I, is the oldest structure standing in the square, together with the water leveling tower located at the north of the area.

Taksim Municipal Garden was opened in 1865, in the place of the old Catholic and Protestant Cemetery relocated in 1853-1854, by the initiative of Istanbul Sixth District Municipality. Adjacent to the Artillery Barracks, this first public garden of Istanbul, was designed by M. Deroin.

It contained a two storey wooden kiosk, an orchestra lodge and a music hall.

Following the declaration of the Second Constitution in 1908, soldiers in the Mecidiye (Taşkışla) and Topçu Kışlası (Artillery) barracks started a revolt against the new government on April 13th 1909.

Known as “31st March Incident”, the uprising was supressed in 13 days by the Army of Action.

The courtyard of Topçu Kışlası was transformed into a football stadium in Istanbul. Football matches were played here between Turkish teams and the soldiers of the occupation forces. Fenerbahçe won the General Harrington cup after wining the match with against the British team.

1928

The area of the park was diminished with the construction of big hotels.

First, Hilton Hotel was built in the Park no. 2. Later a national competition of architecture was opened for a second hotel that replaced the Municipal Music Hall in Taksim Bahçesi.

‘Cumhuriyet Anıtı’, the monument dedicated to the Republic was designed by the sculptor Pietro Canonica and located at Taksim Square to commemorate the struggle for liberation and the foundation of the young Turkish Republic.

1960

The first coup in Republic of Turk place on the 27 The new Consti approved by a r held on 9 July 1 general election on 15 October 19

Taksim suffers from neglect. Of all major metropolises in Europe and North America, Istanbul spends the most amount of money on public spaces. However, Taksim, once Istanbul’s greatest civic amenity, is currently longing for its glorious past.

Taksim is the very first public square of the newly established Turkish Republic. It is the place where the soul of water (Maksem) has paved the way for democracy, that is rights, equity, and access. Together with Taksim Cumhuriyet Square, Gezi Park has been remembered as the place where the people of all groups claimed their “right to the city”, right to participate in the decision-making processes about the future of their environment.

The current conditions of Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park mirror its turbulent past. The conflict between the historic moments we celebrate and the ones we condemn has resulted in the utter neglect of this area. The square where people once gathered, socialized, celebrated, and protested, became a concrete desert, a stranger to its people. The once lively park turned into an in-between passage, its greens and historic landmarks ignored. The maltreatment is apparent both in their physical damages and the area’s psychological weight.

While many of the problems are visible at the square and in the park, we reframe the problem by focusing on the user, and how they feel. Throughout May - June 2020, we conducted a digital survey where we had both Turkish and international Istanbul residents participate. When asked about current conditions, all answers were either negative or apathetic, and many of the answers included the words “cold”, “grey” and “unsafe”. Although the survey showed that the square and the park were both believed to be of great importance - the words “historic” and “landmark” commonly used in its answers - it also presented that currently the area mainly functions as a transfer hub to other areas.

The improvements the respondents want are directly linked with the feelings they have about Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park. While a significant majority reminisced about the green which once dominated the area, nearly half of the respondents wanted to see less police, indicating the mental association of police presence with the violent events in Taksim’s history. The survey was thus instrumental in understanding the emotional consequences and implications of such a historic timeline.

HASHTAG MAP Data sourced from Instagram in May, June, and July (2020) HASHTAG MAP Data sourced from Instagram in May - September (2020)

In addition to how people felt about the site, we also wanted to understand what the square and park mean to both locals and tourists today. We conducted an Instagram analysis where we monitored the hashtags shared in Taksim and neighboring areas between the months of May - September 2020. We aimed to observe why people were in the areas, and what keywords they preferred to use to describe their experience and relation to the site. Taksim’s top three hashtags turned out to be “organic bread”, “bread” and “follow me”, showing us the disconnect between the people and the site’s historic value and genius loci.

Global Green Space Survey: Acres of Parkland / 1000 person

#comics

#na

Global Green Space Survey: Acres of Parkland / 1000 person #ipekkirpik

8 78 67

#ar

56 5 4

#lifestyle

#dudak

4 3 3 2

#bread

2 1 1 0 0

Toronto Toronto

London London

NYC NYC

Istanbul Istanbul

Bombay Bombay

#gezi

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AE0718SR 1969

1975

1980

2013

On February 16th, a demonstration was organized by 76 youth groups of left wing, to protest against the arrival of the US 6th Fleet at Istanbul. The protesters were attacked by right wing groups.

Designed by architect Sedad Hakkı Eldem, the building was commissioned

by Vehbi Koç Foundation as a complex featuring a museum, a library and exhibition halls. The building that has been used as Atatürk Library, depending on IBB since 1981, is a favorite place of university students.

Following a coup d’état headed by the Chief of the General Staff, for the next three years the Turkish armed forces ruled the country through the National Security Council before democracy was restored with the 1983 Turkish general election.

Trees were cut down in Taksim Gezi Park to reconstruct the Artillery Barracks of the Ottoman Era. This prompted protests by ecologists, and Taksim Square and Gezi Park became the focal point of anti-government demonstrations, known as Gezi Events, which rapidly spread across the country.

1969

n the key took 7th of May. itution was referendum 1961, and ns were held 961.

d

2017 Designed by Şefik Birkiye and Selim Dalaman, Taksim Mosque is still under construction.

1977

Atatürk Cultural Center, designed by architect Hayati Tabanlıoğlu, was inaugurated as the State Opera and Ballet of Istanbul on 12 April.However a fire that broke out during a theater play, in 1970, devastated the building, which could only reopen in 1977. Since then AKM has been a significant node in Taksim Square, a multi-purpose cultural center and an icon of Istanbul. Demolished for the purpose of renovation, the building redesigned by Murat Tabanlıoğlu, has been under construction since 2018 and expected to reopen in 2021.

In 1970s, Taksim Square became the most important public square for political manifestations in Turkey.

However, the celebrations of International Worker’s Day on the 1st of May, turned into a massacre, caused by shootings on leftist demonstrators who were gathered in the square. Remembered a “Bloody First of May,” this event has marked the collective memory.

2011 The pedestrianization project of the Square was part of plans to reconstruct Topçu Barracks (demolished in 1940), in addition to removing the bus stops, and shifting the traffic underground via tunnels.

2015 The coup attempt on 15 July was met with the resistance of citizens in Taksim Square. Helicopters fired on the crowds gathering around Taksim Republic Monument.

2019 Election of Ekrem İmamoğlu as Mayor of Istanbul.

Despite the neglect, this vast public land couldn’t be stripped of its virtues.

Geographically, as a plateau, Taksim is the single connector of its surrounding neighborhoods. Physically, with their iconic landmarks, vast scale, green landscapes, transportation infrastructure, and historic moments of human rights advocacy, Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park have the foundations to become Istanbul’s urban commons.

Site Area Scale Comparison

Taksim

İstiklal

İstiklal

#bread #organicbread #tattoo

#sahhaf #sanat #kitap

#sahhaf #sanat #kitap

Cihangir

Karaköy

Karaköy

#komik #makara #eğlence

#art #photography #karaköy

#art #photography #karaköy

Dolapdere

Maçka Park Maçka Park

#photography #dolapdere #lifestyle

#dog #nature #labrador

#dog #nature #labrador

çe Dolmabahçe

Nişantaşı

Nişantaşı

#dolmabahçe #architecture #palace

#fashion #ombre #design

#fashion #ombre #design

Elmadağ

Pera

Pera

#art #taksim #pera

#art #taksim #pera

#ipekkirpik буле#лавливстамбуле #fashion

Galata

Sıraselviler

Sıraselviler

#galata #istanbul #turkey

#tattoo #taksim #ink

#tattoo #taksim #ink

Galataport

Talimhane

Talimhane

#dudak #fillers #‫رغاسکینیلک‬

#dudak #fillers #‫رغاسکینیلک‬

Gezi Park

Taşkışla

Taşkışla

#gezi #occupygezi #istanbul

#taşkışla #architecture #art

#taşkışla #architecture #art

#istanbul lub #photographclub #artwork

u Gümüşsuyu

Teleferik

Teleferik

#bag #design #handmade

#nature #teleferik #maçka

#nature #teleferik #maçka

Harbiye

Tünel

Tünel

#comics #collectibles #marvel

#mevlid #kuranıkerim #hediyelik

#mevlid #kuranıkerim #hediyelik

Regional Culture and Nature Walk Gezi Park is the Gate to the green corridor envisioned by H. Prost. Restituting the continuity of this system of parks is of utmost importance, both for the life quality of citizens and as an uninterrupted ecological corridor.

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How might we honor the spatial memory and restore the genius loci?

How might we create a destination that is welcoming and inclusive?

How might we engage the public and inspire the future?

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Hotel Integration

Hotel Integration

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3

1

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Non-existing Programming Lack of activities on site prevent it from being a destination

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

3 16 11 Lack of Safety - Underlit Areas

Malnourished and Park incoherent canopy divided, design issegregated not in line with Existing Green spaces of Gezi is excessively and the original HenryLack Prostofdesign.

Especially recently planted adds to a chaotic compartmented. free green space disallows people trees to interact.

Fragmentation of Green Space spatial relationship .

Existing Green spaces of Gezi Park is excessively divided, segregated and Lack of correct lighting in the park discourages night usage compartmented. Lack of free green space disallows people to interact.

Elevated Park is accessible to all

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Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

10of Urban Furniture 12 Lack

Lack of Safety - Police Presence

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Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

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Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

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AKM Integration With three lanes width and fast traffic flow Mete Cad acts as an urban barrier between AKM and the Main Square

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

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Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

Underground Bus Terminal

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Policing the square Not enough restingofareas on the creates square an air of tension. Police being too visible promotes lack of safety

15 Underground Bus Terminal

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Non-human Passing Centered Through Design The square mainlydoes acts as transfer pointneeds and lacks reasons to pause Colossal pedestrian hardscape notameet human

Cumhuriyet Monument Integration Past interventions on the site decentered the monument, leaving it too much on the way of everyday commute making it invisible to everyday eye. Monument deserves an intervention to promote its importance and value.

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1

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Neglected Trees Space Fragmentation of Green

Lack of Access

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7

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AtatĂźrk Library Integration

Theitslandscape Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on 3 edges. around the library prevents it from fulfilling its potential This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

AKM Integration This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park With three lanes width and fast traffic flow Mete Cad acts as an urban barrier between AKM and the Main Square Park Parking Hotel Integration Fragmentation of Allowing Green vehicular Space parking inside the parkIntercontinental disrupts its function Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

Existing Green spaces of Gezi Park is excessively divided, segregated Lack of Access Thisand hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park Lack of Access compartmented. Lack of free green space disallows people to interact.

Elevated Park is accessible to all Elevated Park is accessible to all

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Without designated spaces, taxis block the traffic flow

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Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

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AtatĂźrk Library Integration

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Non-human Centered Design

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The landscape around the library prevents it from fulfilling its potential

Colossal pedestrian hardscape does not meet human needs

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

Taxi Squatting

10 Lack of Safety - Police Presence

Policing of the square creates an air of tension. Police being too visible promotes lack of safety

13 Taxi Squatting

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Non-existing Programming Lack of activities on site prevent it from being a destination

Lack of Safety - Underlit Areas Lack of correct lighting in the park discourages night usage

15 Underground Bus Terminal

Without designated spaces, taxis block the traffic flow

Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

14 Passing Through

The square mainly acts as a transfer point and lacks reasons to pause

8

Hotel Integration Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park

Park Parking Allowing vehicular parking inside the park disrupts its function

12 Lack of Urban Furniture

Not enough resting areas on the square

16 Neglected Trees

Malnourished and incoherent canopy design is not in line with the original Henry Prost design. Especially recently planted trees adds to a chaotic spatial relationship .

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AE0718SR We believe our responsibility towards this spatial gem is to nurture where it is neglected and induce a natural flow of life while following the footsteps of its original design.

Urban Commons is a collection of subtle architectural and urban interventions that give Istanbulians: ACCESS - A public space that is inclusive of and equitable for all. A place that meets everyones needs and prioritizes their well-being.

ACTION - A place in the making with all its stakeholders. A destination with diverse programming that adapts to the times and what people want.

ARTS - A cultural hub that educates on history through arts and social sciences within the “Museum of Urban Memory�, as well as temporary indoor and outdoor exhibitions throughout the park.

The proposal identifies intervention opportunities in light of the historic value of the site and the necessary conservation strategies.

URBAN INTEGRITY CONNECTIVITY

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AE0718SR ACCESS TO HISTORY: Conservation Strategies The Republic Monument The Republic Monument that symbolizes the national struggle for liberation, has been the most significant landmark of Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and has marked the collective memory of the citizens since its inauguration in 1928. The whole composition including the monument and the surrounding landscape arrangement is conserved as a total work of art.

Taksim Gardens-Gezi Park-Cumhuriyet Park Cultural Landscape Conservation Area Today Gezi Park is composed of two distinct parts: Taksim Gardens that was the first public garden of Istanbul, created in 1865, and Gezi Park, designed by Henri Prost in the form of an esplanade and implemented in the early 1940s. Taksim Gardens was incorporated in Gezi Park while its original layout was maintained in Prost’s design.

Taksim Gardens, Gezi Park, and Cumhuriyet Park that form a continuity of public gardens are conserved as an integrated entity of cultural landscape with reference to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. These parks fit into two categories of the cultural landscape as defined in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO and World Heritage Center, 2005, p. 84):

(i) “Clearly defined landscape designed and created intentionally by men. This embraces garden and parkland landscapes constructed for aesthetic reasons which are often (but not always) associated with religious or other monumental buildings and ensembles.”

(iii) “The associative cultural landscape. The inscription of such landscapes on the World Heritage List is justifiable by virtue of the powerful religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element rather than material cultural evidence, which may be insignificant or even absent.”

Taksim Gardens and Gezi Park are proposed as a Cultural Landscape Heritage Site, as they are designed landscapes, associated with the aesthetic understanding and the cultural life of Istanbul in the mid 19th and mid 20th century respectively.

• Taksim Gardens, which is the remaining part of the first public garden of Istanbul, should be conserved with its monumental trees. It is rearranged with reference to its initial design. The original entrance of the garden from the corner of Cumhuriyet Avenue and Askerocağı Street will be reopened. The (pre) existing artworks, such as sculptures, are maintained in situ.

• Gezi Park, which was designed by a renowned architect and urbanist as a space of representation associated with the societal modernization and values of its period, should be conserved as an esplanade with its elevated alleys, its central parterre, and rows of plane trees. The characteristic architectural elements of the park, the marble steps and the ramps that connect the esplanade to Taksim Square, and the balustrades will be conserved and repaired in conformity with their original design and detailing, with the use of original building materials.

• Cumhuriyet Park is conserved as part of the proposed cultural landscape area with its trees and landscape arrangement.

• Atatürk Library and the garden of the library are proposed to be conserved as a whole. The garden of the library is integrated into the system of parks in the area.

Visual and Physical Interaction Zone • This zone includes the urban areas, public open spaces, and buildings that have direct physical and/or visual relation with the project site (Taksim Square and Gezi Park). Regulations and guidelines will be developed for the functions and building façades (advertisement boards, colors, materials, etc.)

• Revitalization projects including social and cultural activities can be developed for selected sub-areas and streets in this zone.

• The buildings and structures that are representative of their period in their artistic/architectural style or those obtained as a result of a competition is conserved in conformity with their original design. The marble steps that mark a formal entrance to Gezi Park, have endured time and maltreatment with their excellent workmanship. These steps, the two ramps, and terraces with balustrades form emblematic elements of Gezi Park that should be conserved with respect to the original design.

• A guideline will be prepared for the conservation of the original buildings that reflect the architectural features of their period.

• Cumhuriyet Avenue was renamed after the Republic had been opened as a tramway axis with the name “Pangaltı Street” in the late 19th century. It gained an urban character after the building of the Talimhane area with distinguished examples of apartment buildings in the 1930s and 1940s on the one side and Gezi Park on the other. The integrity of the buildings that form the western façade of the avenue will be conserved and refurbished. The lines of plane trees that gave its character to the urban space will be replanted.

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AE0718SR ACCESS TO NATURE: Green Strategies While Gezi Park already offers many benefits to the neighborhood and city, there are aspects that need to be strengthened to further improve the environmental quality (air and water quality), and promote the economic, physical, and social well-being of Taksim’s communities. Gezi has the potential to create wildlife habitats, further reduce exposure to ultraviolet light, offer experiences in nature, improve health, create jobs and provide educational opportunities, as well as increasing land value.

New trees and m2 of planting will be added to create microclimates on Cumhuriyet Avenue and Taksim Square. Attention will also be given to selecting high albedo paving. The actual concrete hardscape of the square is softened by the use of green surfaces that will be applied without hindering the square’s main function as a space of public gatherings while creating a more pleasant experience. The Republic Monument will be circulated by trees hence creating an urban room that brings shade and protection to the monument and respects its original landscape design.

“The trees around the monument not only created a peaceful refuge for me but also reminded me of the historic significance of this masterpiece. I used to walk past by it every day on my commute, knowing it is there but never paying attention. Now I am more aware of its details!”

At the center of Gezi Park, the parterre, that had originally formed a sunken central space without trees, is reinterpreted as a unified common green, protected from the hustle of the surrounding city. This large green area will be used as a polyvalent open space. The park will therefore provide a cool, comfortable, and clean environment not just within its boundaries, but also as a “heat sink” and a vast air cleaning machine for the neighborhood.

The design also seeks to combat air pollution by planting additional trees where possible. Trees help to settle out, trap and hold particle pollutants (dust, ash, pollen, and smoke) that can damage human lungs. They also absorb CO2 and other dangerous gases and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen. Trees remove gaseous pollutants by absorbing them through the pores in the leaf surface. Particulates are trapped and filtered by leaves, stems, and twigs, and washed to the ground by rainfall. Preserving historical features of the park and minimizing the design intervention will offer environmental and energy savings over demolition and new construction.

SOFT EDGE / POROUS 1

NEW Entrances

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Stairs

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Amphitheater

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Green Buffer

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Flex Event Space

Ramp

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Vegetaged Slope

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Play

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Water feature

Bldg Engaging Public Space

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Planting: Trees

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Art

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HARD EDGE / INACCESSIBLE 13

Long Stairs

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Wall

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Steep Slope

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Parterre

3 6 10 18

parterre

13 19 Restricted Slope

Vehicle Obstruction

HISTORIC EDGE

10 11 12

6

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11 PROPOSED EXISTING EXISTING

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Historic Monument

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Wall / Balustrades

Flex Green Space

parterre

flex green space

Green System

Spatial concept

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AE0718SR The Trees of Gezi Park In addition to its benefits in terms of health and ecology, the trees of Gezi Park have historical significance and emotional ties with the people of Istanbul. They are important symbols of historic events such as the protests in 2013 and have become fixtures of the collective memory of the space.

Therefore the proposal respects and protects the existing trees by designing the museum around their existing locations and making the roots of the trees an integral part of the interior design. Such a design approach visually embodies the symbolic value of the trees and how they create spaces that can elevate cultural, educational, and inspirational experiences. The roots of these trees become structural columns at the level of the museum, turning into part of the layout and exhibition structure while supporting the roof.

4-meter depth is provided to ensure a healthy amount of soil for all tree species, along with a canopy wide diameter that does not disturb the “drip line”. To prevent soil compaction in the event that equipment must operate under the drip line, a minimum 30 cm layer of wood chips or other cushioning surface material will be laid.

In honor of the original design of H. Prost’s Park No. 2, the proposal also allows the option to relocate some of the younger trees planted in recent years to the promenade, bosque or southside of the square. The open space gained by this relocation will allow for a more flexible and adaptive activity site - such as open-air cinema, festivals, concerts, theatre - as well as an increased feeling of safety. In line with Jane Jacobs’ notion on “Eyes on the Street” (1961), such application increases the eyes upon the park and therefore could elevate the Gezi Park experience for its dwellers.

Relocating trees is a delicate process that can be done with adequate planning and aftercare. Each tree will be assessed for its size and health, site-specific growing preferences, and species-specific factors like root type and dormancy period. Careful root pruning performed ahead of time will be necessary to prepare severed roots to function and recover through and after the shock of the transplanting process. When the time is right (depending on the tree), the rootball (12-15 cm of diameter per cm of trunk diameter) will be dug and burlapped (ensuring soil contact is maintained) and transported with the tree to its new site as quickly as possible. Thorough watering and care following the transplant will help to ensure the trees’ successful reestablishment at their new sites.

Protecting Existing Trees - Roots of the Trees Become Support for the Museum Roof

EXISTING TREES

PROPOSED TREES

EXISTING TREES

PROPOSED TREES

Existing Trees Existing Trees Optional Relocated Trees Optional Relocated Trees Removed Umhealty Trees Removed Umhealty Trees

Existing Trees Proposed Trees

Existing Trees Proposed Trees

Note that no trees were harmed in making this project. trees areof this project. All trees are Note that no treesofwere harmedAll in making proposed to be protected.However team provides the design option to proposeddesign to be protected.However team provides the option to relocate younger, recentlyrelocate planted younger, trees within site, toplanted restoretrees original recently within site, to restore original design by H Prost for urban spacebyintegrity. design H Prost for urban space integrity.

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Sculpture Gardens / Taksim Gardens Quercus rober

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Alnus glutinosa

Variety of Spaces for Arts Programming; Multi-Sensory; Exploratory

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Galanthus plicatus

Cyclamen coum

Gezi Commons Freedom Lawn

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Freedom Lawn

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary

Tulipia

Promenade + Art Gallery Platanus orentalis

Cercis siliquastrum

Freedom Lawn

Paeonia peregrina

Fuchsia

Tulipia

Flexible; Low-Maintenance Shady Allée for Pedestrian Comfort; Frame Views; Human Scale; Manage Stormwater; Seasonal Interest

Vine Canopy; Ornamental

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Native Bosque Pinus Pinea

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Cedrus libani

Cupressus sempervirens

Crocus olivieri Istanbulensis

Centaurea hermannii

Eranthis hyemalis

Republic Monument Tilia tomentosa

Albizia julibrissin

Tulipia

Celebrate Native Planting; Increase Greenspace; Create Arrival Respite 6

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Taksim Square Tilia tomentosa

Freedom Lawn

Scilla hyacinthoides

Orchis purpurea

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Flexible; Intimate Spaces

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Flexible; Iconic; Green Roofs

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Museum Freedom Lawn

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The Yard Freedom Lawn

Frame Views; Create Enclosure / Adjust Scale;

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Anemone blanda

Hydrangea macrophylla

Cafe / Viewing Deck Wisteria

Hydrangea macrophylla

Provide Shaded Microclimate

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AE0718SR COMMON NAME

SIZE H/W

BLOOM COLOR

BLOOM TIME

SUN NEEDS

WATER NEEDS

SUGGESTED USE

Trees Quercus rober

English Oak

60’/60’

Yellow/Green

April

Full Sun

Medium

Shade Tree

Carpinus orientalis

Hornbeam

20’/20’

Green

April

Full-Part

Medium

Street Tree

Alnus glutinosa

Common Alder

40’/20’

Brown-Purple

March

Full-Part

Medium-Wet

Rain Garden

Corylus avellana

Common Hazel

15’/10’

Yellow-Brown

March-April

Full-Part

Medium

Hedge

Acer trautvetteri

Beech-Maple

ANIMALS

Birds

Ulmus minor

Field Elm

70’/30’

Green-Yellow

Full Sun

Medium-Wet

Shade Tree

Tilia tomentosa

Linden Tree

50’/40’

Pale yellow

June-July

Full-Part

Dry-Medium

Flowering Tree

Butterflies

Cercis siliquastrum

Judas Tree

15’/15’

Rose-Purple

March-April

Full-Part

Medium

Flowering Tree

Butterflies

Cupressus sempervirens

Cypress Trees

40’/10’

Non-Flowering

Non-Flowering

Full Sun

Medium

Winter Interest

Cedrus libani

Lebanon Cedar

50’/50’

Non-Flowering

Non-Flowering

Full Sun

Medium

Winter Interest

Platanus orentalis

Oriental Plane

70’/70’

Red

April

Full Sun

Medium-Wet

Shade Tree

Perennials Allium istanbulense Özhatay

PERENNIALS

LATIN NAME

Allium istanbulense Özhatay

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary

Bupleurum pendikum Snogerup

Cephalaria tuteliana

Lathyrus undulatus Boıss.

Linum tauricum Willd.

Cirsium byzantinum Steud.

Ophrys sphegodes

Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.

Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

Dianthus cibrarius Clem.

Euphorbia amygdaloides

Galanthus plicatus

Thymus aznavouri

Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen

Quercus rober

Carpinus orientalis

Alnus glutinosa

Corylus avellana

Cedrus libani

Ulmus minor

Tilia tomentosa

Cercis siliquastrum

Cupressus sempervirens

Platanus orentalis

Allium istanbulense Özhatay alexandrine parakeet

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary Cetti’s warbler

Bupleurum pendikum Snogerup Grey headed woodpecker

Cephalaria tuteliana blue tit

Lathyrus undulatus Boıss. nutatch

Linum tauricum Willd. little owl

Cirsium byzantinum Steud.

Syrian woodpecker

Ophrys sphegodes tawny owl

Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. treecreeper

jay

Dianthus cibrarius Clem.

Euphorbia amygdaloides

Galanthus plicatus

Thymus aznavouri

Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen

White

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary Allium rhodopeum Velen. subsp. turcicum Brullo, Guglıelmo & Terrası Bupleurum pendikum Snogerup

Wavy Pea

100cm/

Pink

May

Stony slopes

Lathyrus undulatus Boıss.

Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

Pink-Purple

Cirsium byzantinum Steud.

Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana Kreutz Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.

Pink-Purple Medium shrub

Green-Blue Purple-White

upright/clumping florets April-May April-May

Dry-Medium Full Sun

Dry

roadside/embankments

TREES

Linum tauricum Willd. subsp. bosphori Davis

Pots/dry beds

Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen Dianthus cibrarius Clem.

Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace Galanthus plicatus Bieb. subsp. byzantinus (Baker) D. A. Webb Thymus aznavouri Velen.

Hieracium noeanum Zahn.

NATIVE NESTING BIRDS PERENNIALS

Materials

Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

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AE0718SR SUSTAINABILITY REPORT Sustainable Urban Design is effective in the project at every point of the design and application, from the selection of the architectural locations at the city scale to the detail of material selection at the building scale.

One of the biggest factors in evaluating a project with a sustainable approach is the designs made in open spaces. Designs made in open areas have a determining feature in the impact of the project on the environment. All the design to be made in open spaces has been made in an integrated process because every decision made affects not only one but more than one mechanism.

The Sustainable Urban Design strategy covers 7 main categories recommended for the site: WASTE MANAGEMENT Recyclable Wastes

ENERGY EFFICIENCY Heating-Cooling Systems Energy Monitoring and Energy Data Management Smart Grid System Renewable Energy - Solar Energy Lighting Comfort and Management

MATERIALS Recycled Materials Local Materials Rapidly Renewable Materials Healthy Materials Selection Material SRI Analysis

INDOOR AIR QUALITY COMFORT Daylight Analysis Thermal Comfort Analysis Natural Ventilation and Passive Climatization

WATER EFFICIENCY Indoor Water Efficiency Outdoor Water Efficiency Gray/Black Water, Rainwater Using

LANDSCAPING Transportation by Bike / Scooter Shade Analysis Façade Wind Load Analysis Pedestrian Level Comfort Analysis Lifestyle on Pedestrian Paths Analysis (Cittaslow)

OPEN SPACES Rainwater Management Heat Island Effect Light Pollution

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SCOPE This report provides summary information on Sustainability Concepts / Strategies in the Urban and Green Building design process.

It also explains the "Sustainability" strategies that are aimed and proposed to be implemented within the scope of the AE0718SR project proposal for the Taksim Square Architectural Design Competition.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Sustainability Strategies Buildings and open spaces designed with the concept of sustainability are planned on three important foundations: Environmentally Friendly - Healthy - Economical. These three elements should be taken as basis at every stage, from the scale of land selection to the details of the materials used in the building. Designs that consume as much as their needs, use water / energy efficient systems, and monitor waste and construction within the scope of "sustainability" are called "Sustainable Design". In this sense, Sustainable Designs: 1. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY Construction Pollution Transportation Carbon Emission Depletion of the ozone layer Global Warming Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Waste Output

Green Areas Natural Resources Forrest Protection Quantity of groundwater resources

2. ECONOMIC

-

Energy Consumption Water Consumption

Energy Efficiency Usage of Alternative Energy Resources Efficient Water Use Rainwater, Grey Water Usage

3. HEALTHY Healthy Interiors Daylight and View Interior Air Quality and Quantity Building Users Efficiency and Comfort Healthy Materials (Low Emissions)

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Sustainable Design Benefits Environmental Benefits     

Protection and development of biological diversity Increase in air and water quality Reducing the consumption of water resources Protection and recycling of natural resources Minimizing the burden on local infrastructure

Social Benefits    

The user's health and comfort Increasing employee productivity Increase in quality of life Aesthetic quality

Economic and Financial Benefits      

Operation cost reduction 8-9% Building value increase 7.5% Improvement on return on investment 6.6% Increasing employee productivity Increasing economic life cycle performance Increase in company prestige

Sustainable Design at Urban Scale The settlements where the environment is least polluted, the resources are used effectively and efficiently, the land is arranged adapted to the environmental conditions, the urban accessibility is increased, the spatial designs with habitable and walkable qualities at the human scale are the areas that have reached the goal of 'Sustainable Urban Design'.

In this case, the main purpose is to choose the project area in an accessible location, environmentally friendly design, and selection of naturally growing vegetation adapted to the climate, easy transportation, and an arrangement with compact function layout principle.

Sustainable Urban Design Advantages: o o o

It plays an active role in the creation of a sustainable and healthy living space on an urban /regional basis, a design with reduced environmental impacts and an infrastructure that is energy / water efficient.

It enables the determination of sustainable strategies and the creation of areas sensitive to human and nature.

In case of obtaining Green Building and Green Neighborhood certificates for the buildings in the project area, it provides points gain up to 15% directly, and thanks to the existing sustainable 12-b

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systems and designs, it is easier and less costly for the buildings in the project area to obtain green building certificates. o It increases the value of the project site and the buildings in the project area. o It increases the value of the project site and the buildings in the project area.

Urban Scale Sustainable Design Strategies Sustainable Urban Design is effective in the project at every point of the design and application, from the selection of the project location at city scale to the detail of material selection at the building scale. o Location Selection and Transportation During the project selection phase, it encourages the selection of a location that ensures the protection of fertile, natural soils and supports alternative transportation systems. o Green Urban Layout It supports mixed-use and vibrant neighborhood layout, which supports the walkable street structure system. o Efficient Infrastructure and Buildings It promotes sustainable practices such as the use of sustainable materials, reuse of existing and historical buildings, while promoting design and construction activities that reduce energy and water use in infrastructures and buildings. Sustainable urban area prepare the basis for the "green building" transformations of the buildings that are planned to be built in this area. It is easier to save energy and water systems in buildings with green infrastructure.

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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES 1. OPEN SPACES One of the biggest factors in evaluating a project with a sustainable approach is the designs made in open spaces. Designs made in open areas have a determining feature in the impact of the project on the environment. All the design to be made in open spaces has been made in an integrated process because every decision made affects not only one but more than one mechanism. For example, soft landscape area designs, hard landscape area designs are of great importance in the rainwater management, while at the same time reducing the heat island effect in the project area.

1.1 Rainwater Management One of the most important sustainability studies in the project area is rainwater management. The main purpose of rainwater management is to prevent the loss of rainwater, which falls into the project area and is a clean water source. Because rainwater lost by surface flow on hard floors cannot both feed groundwater and becomes a polluted. For this purpose, 2 basic strategies will be followed; 



One of these strategies is to collect the rainwater that falls on the roof and use it for the toilet reservoirs inside buildings. Thus, while rainwater is used, the use of potable water is minimized. The 65 m3 rainwater storage will meet the water consumption need in the reservoirs. It is not recommended to collect rainwater from hardscape or the run of from the green areas. Because the area is very large and operation cost would be so high.

The second strategy is to increase the permeable surfaces, allowing the rainwater to reach the soil and feed the groundwater. Hardscape elements with high permeability will be selected in the project, so that the rain water should reach the soil at the maximum rate.

1.2 Heat Island Effect The basic criteria in the selection of materials for the hard landscape areas in the project area were evaluated as the permeability of the material and its effect on the heat island formation.

Nowadays, the heat island effect caused by the increasing construction is a serious problem.

Temperature in built up regions is about 2-4 degrees higher than rural areas. For this reason, the ratio of green areas in landscape design has been kept high, and trees have been positioned for shading. In addition, in order to prevent the heat island effect, it is planned to choose light colored materials that can reflect the sun in hard landscape areas. In this context, it has been decided to choose the SRI (solar reflectance index) value, which is the solar reflection coefficient of the selected materials, above 46 in hard landscape areas. At the same time, it has been deemed appropriate to use rough surfaced materials to control glare during reflection of the light. Sample materials that can be applied are as follows: Wooden:

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Concrete:

Combination:

1.3 Light Pollution The light that escapes to the sky and outside the project area caused by the external lighting adversely affects the natural life around the building, causes glare and reduces the sky visibility.

In addition, the light that escapes into the sky can be considered as lost energy since it has no illumination effect.

The lighting used in walking and landscaping areas are mostly chosen from fixtures that prevent light escape into the sky. LED strip luminaires that only illuminate the walking areas from the ground and luminaires that illuminate only the desired point have been specially selected for this purpose.

During the project aplication drawing phase, together with the Electrical Lighting Design Experts, the outdoor lighting plans are evaluated with a simulation in line with the relationship of the project design with the perimeter lines; luminaire type, luminaire placement, luminaire orientation, etc. It is aimed to address the issues. For this, it is aimed to choose fixtures that will prevent light escape into the sky and to illuminate only the area that is desired to be illuminated.

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2. LANDSCAPING 2.1. Sustainable Walking Line and Transportation by Bike / Scooter One of the most important issues in sustainable urban scale designs, the possibility of walkable and comfortable transportation, has been especially taken into consideration in the project layout plan. The design is based on intensive internal transportation criteria, which facilitates the transportation from one end of the project to the other by walking or bicycle. In the border roads and the inner street network (vehicle + bicycle + pedestrian), the density of the street network has been increased with a total of more than 50 road intersections, and in this sense, the Citta Slow design criteria have been taken into account.

Bicycle / scooter roads connected to international transportation lines have been designed around and within the project boundaries. Temporary / permanent bicycle parking areas are arranged on these bicycle paths and on the square axis within the design.

2.2. Shade Analysis Increasing the level of daylight utilization, maximum energy efficiency and user comfort are provided by shading analysis. It is planned to examine the locations of other buildings around the project, the ratios between road widths and building heights in order to protect and benefit from sunlight. It is aimed to draw the "shadow line" graph of the building area, to make solar diagrams and shadow efficiency chart studies according to the desired hour, day, month, location.

In the project, the greatest contribution to the creation of shadow lines in open areas was made with the tree positioning in landscape planning.

Morning Tree Shadow Line

Afternoon Tree Shadow Line

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2.3. Faรงade Wind Load Analysis Wind load occurs as a result of the wind that creates pressure and suction power that the facade elements must withstand. The wind load of a particular structure depends on the height and shape of that structure, its relationship with the surrounding buildings and structures, as well as regional wind speeds and storm durations.

With the facade wind load analysis, it is aimed to determine the pressure distribution to be formed on the building facade and to see the effect of the wind load that will occur on the building facades.

In the current design, the concave facade of the building reduces the negative effects of the speed and pressure of the strong northeastern winds in the project area in winter.

With the simulation reports to be prepared before the application drawings phase, it is aimed to reach the static strength values of the facade materials and other systems used in the buildings and to make improvements in system selection.

2.4. Pedestrian Level Comfort Analysis Concern about the quality of life in an urban environment has increased in recent years. For architects, city planners and designers, outdoor comfort and safety is one of the important design elements due to its direct relationship with the quality of urban life.

Even if the general wind conditions are suitable for pedestrian activities, the wind direction and speed may change due to the effect of the surrounding buildings and may negatively affect pedestrian comfort. Therefore, pedestrian level wind conditions are an element to consider in modern city planning and building design.

In the current open space design, the positioning of the trees and the orientation of the building facades are arranged according to the prevailing wind directions. In the landscape sitting / resting areas and cafe outdoor seating areas, a design was designed to catch the refreshing wind coming from the northwest in the summer.

Considering the climatic characteristics and environmental factors such as the direction and speed of the wind, it is aimed to evaluate the pedestrian level comfort analysis in the buildings with CFD simulations.

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Daily Tree Shadow Line

During the project implementation phase, detailed shadow simulations are made, and it is aimed to have a minimum effect of the unwanted shadowing effect of the surrounding structures and the project building. It is aimed to create a base for the facade and landscape design as a result of the shadow analysis of the project facade and the land.

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3. WATER EFFICIENCY It is thought that the project will need a lot of water consumption due to the buildings and the significant amount of green areas in the project area. In the sustainable approach, the goal is to minimize water consumption both inside and outside the building, and then using alternative water sources.

3.1. Indoor Water Efficiency Within the scope of sustainable approach, the first goal is to reduce water consumption.

Water efficient fixtures and reservoirs should be used inside the building. The building in the project area is designed to be 50% water efficient compared to a base building with standard water consumption, even with only the water efficient fixtures. In order to achieve this water efficiency target, it is recommended to make the following fixture selections in the building.      

Toilet reservoirs: maximum 2.5 / 4 L Urinals: Maximum 1 L Lavatory: Maximum 1.3 L / min Kitchen sink taps: Maximum 5 L / min Showerheads: Maximum 6 L / min Water spray units: Maximum 4.9 L / min

3.2. Outdoor Water Efficiency A sustainable approach is taken as a basis while making landscape design in the project.

For this purpose, the amount of green areas is kept at maximum, and a sustainable approach is followed in plant selection. The plant choices made mainly consist of local and adapted plants. All selected trees have low and medium water requirements. It is recommended to use methods such as mulching in soft landscapes by keeping planting densities to a minimum. In this way, while minimizing evaporation from the soil surface, it is aimed to increase the temperature of the soil 3-5 degrees and hence the development of plant roots. In addition, it is foreseen that the design will protect itself by preventing the formation of weeds in the landscape areas with the mulching method.

The following strategies are suggested to reduce water consumption in landscape areas; • Plants that need less irrigation than an average plant growing in the region and that can adapt to local or regional conditions should be preferred.

• Plants should be grouped according to their water needs, plants with different water needs should not be planted in the same area.

• Plants should not be planted at frequent intervals, planting density should be medium or low.

• Applications can be used to prevent evaporation. (Example: shading, gravel laying, mulching, etc.)

• Drip irrigation system or a more efficient irrigation system should be selected.

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• It is recommended to use rain or moisture sensors as it will increase efficiency.

In addition to water efficiency, it is recommended to prevent soil pollution by choosing plants that have the effect of cleaning and improving the soil in the design.

3.3. Gray/Black Water, Rainwater Using As low water consumption sink faucets are currently proposed in the project building, approximately 2 m3 of gray water will be generated daily. Since the landscaping area in the project is very large, the water need of only the ground cover with low water consumption will be 30 m3 per day. Therefore, the use of gray water is not recommended because the amount of gray water to be collected is far below the amount of water that should be used in the landscape and the gray water operating cost is also high.

For the use of rainwater, it is recommended to use rainwater for reservoir water consumption inside buildings instead of landscape irrigation due to the low amount of rainfall in the summer months, since the water need of the landscape areas is the highest in that months.

For this reason, it has been determined that a rainwater tank of 65 m3 will be needed.

4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY Activities increasing energy efficiency within the scope of the project are important in terms of sustainability criteria.

It is envisaged to use a central heating and cooling system in the building with museum function in the project, and it can be aimed to provide the heating and cooling through these systems.

4.1. Heating-Cooling Systems Heating energy savings can be achieved with heat recovery applications in heating equipment. The amount of savings will vary according to the heat to be recovered.

Heat recovery applications have been used widely recently. In this way, the amount of fossil fuel consumed is reduced and CO2 emission is also reduced. Heat recovery can also eliminate the damages caused by the expulsion of the previously produced thermal load after use and the non-reuse.

If the heat transmission coefficient (U-value) of the construction materials to be selected is at least 20% better than the recommended values of ASHRAE 90.1.2010, energy efficiency can be achieved in heating and cooling systems.

Recommended Building Materials Values in ASHRAE 90.1.2010

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In cooling equipment, ways to increase the cooling efficiency coefficient should be sought. The energy saving rate can also be increased by providing high COP values. The water-cooled chiller provides more efficiency than the air-cooled system in terms of efficiency. The cooling load it produces is higher in response to the unit power consumption. However, the watercooled system also requires a cooling tower, tower pumps, and the addition of tower fans causes the need for equipment that requires more maintenance. In addition, water-cooled chillers are not recommended considering the use of water-cooled devices in areas close to residential areas, bacteria formation in stagnant water and these bacteria spread when water evaporates.

4.2. Energy Monitoring and Energy Data Management Energy monitoring and energy data management systems play an active role in monitoring energy consumption on a building basis and thus creating extra energy saving opportunities.

Energy monitoring system;    

It provides the opportunity to determine whether the systems are working at the right times, with sufficient capacities and with the correct set values and thus to create energy saving strategies.

The evaluation of the obtained data provides the opportunity to make productivity analysis for the business.

Retrospective data accelerate the detection and resolution of chronic problems.

The results obtained from the collected data enable the detection of problems in the equipment and their maintenance in advance. In this way, unplanned downtime is prevented.

The benefits mentioned above directly or indirectly affect the operating cost. During the project application drawing phase, it is planned to make suggestions to the electricity project designer on designing an accurate and efficient energy monitoring system.

4.3. Smart Grid System The smart grid is an energy management system that constantly monitors and controls the balance between the demand of the consumer (energy user) and the supply of the producer (energy producing institution) through bidirectional communication.

Designing the infrastructure in accordance with the smart grid system enables acceleration of future integration. It also eliminates the need for revision during the transition process. In the smart grid integration system, the consumer determines the critical and non-critical loads and designs the infrastructure that can disable the non-critical loads in line with the manufacturer's request. These integrated designs prevent the energy from being cut off completely when there is a sudden load on the network. Thus, the existing capacity is used more effectively and accurately.

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It is aimed to create a smart grid system infrastructure by analyzing the building critical and non-critical loads.

4.4. Renewable Energy - Solar Energy One of the prominent applications of the project is thought to be the use of renewable energy.

Wind energy usage is not possible because the project is located on the busy human and traffic axis in the city center. Any wind turbine to be positioned is negative in terms of seismic, high sound intensity, disruption of bird migration routes. At the same time, such an application will not meet the installation, operation and maintenance costs for many years in terms of the amount of energy to be gained.

Instead, in order to support the energy consumption in the project, it is recommended to place Solar Energy Panels on the roofs of the project surrounding buildings in a way that will be made obligatory by the municipality. It is thought that the project will provide at least 15-25% energy savings with the application that will be made mandatory by the municipality for the buildings that have approached the project site boundary without permission and have crossed the border.

In addition, the application of electricity generation systems by taking advantage of daylight is designed to increase user comfort in open areas in the project area. It is planned to position solar panels on the seating units and bicycle parking areas in landscape areas. In this way, night lighting of the seating areas and phone / tablet / scooter charging points will be powered by solar energy. Case studies are as follows:

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5. MATERIALS (Indoor, Hard Landscape and Infrastructure Systems)

5.1. Recycled Materials In the project, it is recommended to use materials with recycled content constitutes at least 10% or 20%, based on cost, of the total value of the materials in the project.

5.2. Regional Materials It is recommended to use building materials or products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 800 km of the project site for a minimum of 10% based on cost, of the total materials value for reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.

5.3. Rapidly Renewable Materials In order to minimize the damage to the nature by using materials that the source can renew itself rapidly after being supplied from nature; It is recommended to use rapidly renewable building materials and products for 2% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project, based on cost. Rapidly renewable materials are materials such as cork, bamboo, linoleum, rubber, wool, cotton that renew their source in nature within a maximum of 10 years.

5.4. Healthy Materials Selection For the design of a healthy environment inside the building, it is important that the surface elements that occupants come into contact with are selected from products that do not contain Volatile Organic Compounds (Carcinogenic Substances). For this, it is recommended to choose products that do not exceed the VOC (Volatile Organic Components) standards accepted as healthy for all adhesives & sealants, paints & coatings and hard floor materials used in the building.

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6. WASTE MANAGEMENT There will be a significant amount of waste output during construction and operation in the project area. Accordingly, it is important to manage the waste that will come out of the project in the most correct way.

6.1 Recyclable Wastes Waste management in the project area will be followed both during construction and operation.

In the project, a waste management plan should be prepared during construction and within this framework, it is recommended to recycle or reuse minimum 75% of the wastes to be generated during construction.

In addition, it is planned to place waste bins at easy-to-reach points for 5 different recyclable wastes such as paper, cardboard, plastic, metal and glass during the use of the project area.

Waste management should be provided not only in outdoor areas but also in the building to be designed in the project area, and the waste generated during both construction and operation will be collected and recycled in the building.

7. INDOOR AIR QUALITY COMFORT

7.1. Daylight Analysis Within the scope of sustainability, it is aimed to make a Sunlight Simulation about the effect of daylight in interior spaces for the designed museum project.

With daylight simulations, excessive light and shadow areas are detected on the model, and design comparisons are made for different situations. How the sun rays enter the interiors through the windows and how they spread in the space is modeled.

In the location of the project, the glare lines in the interior spaces will be determined according to the sun load of the facades, seasons and daylight angles.

By determining the glare lines / areas in the interior spaces, work mats that will support the interior shading systems and decoration are formed. In this way, it is aimed to prevent light glare that occurs on computer screens, especially in office areas, and to increase user comfort.

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7.2. Thermal Comfort Analysis When it comes to thermal comfort, the first thing that comes to mind is air temperature.

Although air temperature is an important indicator of thermal comfort, it is not a valid criterion alone. Thermal comfort refers to the fact that the majority of employees in a workplace stay in a certain level of comfort while performing both physical and mental activities in terms of climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, air flow.

One of the most important factors in ensuring the quality of the interior space is the temperature of the space and the layout of the ventilation grilles. When designing heating, cooling and ventilation systems, the most suitable temperature and relative humidity values for the spaces are calculated first. Afterwards, simulation studies are carried out to prevent health problems caused by high air speed and to ensure homogeneous air distribution in the space.

As a result of the works, it is aimed to evaluate the air movements in the space according to the thermal comfort analysis ASHRAE Standard 55 with visual and numerical simulation results and to design the interior HVAC design according to these analysis results.

7.3. Natural Ventilation and Passive Climatization It is a known fact that the indoor air quality inside the building has a great impact on human health and working efficiency. In some studies, it is stated that the level of air pollution in indoor environments, where an average of 90% of human life passes, is often higher than the outdoor environment. For these reasons, it is one of the leading responsibilities of designers to implement solutions that provide a suitable air quality in indoor environments.

Effective ventilation plays an important role in creating good indoor air quality. However, these designs should be designs that do not require energy use and contain passive methods that provide natural ventilation as much as possible. Because the negative effects of environmental problems caused by energy use are increasingly felt today. By using passive systems, it is possible to provide the comfort conditions required for human health and working efficiency in the building at certain rates without requiring energy use. With an effective natural ventilation, pollutants in the environment can be carried out and cooling can be provided.

In the project, it is planned to capture the wind coming from the dominant direction from the facades in order to make natural ventilation in the interior spaces of the museum building and to evacuate it from the roof culverts by providing internal circulation. In this way, it is planned to reduce the cooling and ventilation loads of the building in summer. During the preparation of the application projects of the building, the location of the facade openings and roof culvert covers will be determined by making detailed CFD analysis.

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5.4. Lighting Comfort and Management In Lighting Design, issues such as easy accessibility, individual control, lighting uniformity, glare, color, and return quality are addressed in order to increase the productivity and comfort of building users.

It is aimed to design a lighting system according to the comfort of the indoor users and individual lighting control. For this purpose, the following strategies will be followed in lighting design during the designing of application projects: Within the Scope of Energy Saving,    

The use of LED Lighting Fixtures lower than 100 lm / w Lighting Automation for automatic control based on periodic use of the museum and daylight / time perception Use of dimmable luminaires in order to reduce the artificial light intensity and arrange emphasis according to the features of the exhibition works in daylight areas.

In order to save energy, choosing luminaires with energy consumption less than 10 w / m2 in exhibition areas - 7 w / m2 in office areas - 5 w / m2 in circulation areas

Within the Scope of Indoor Comfort,   

The color rendering index of CRI (Color Rendering Index) of the luminaires to be used to control glare is greater than 90.

Again for glare control, lighting design with a 17 degree angle directed UGR (Unified Glare Rating) Glare Value of less than 19 Preferring warm light colored luminaires lower than 3000 Kelvin in social areas

Within the Scope of Reducing Environmental Impacts,   

In order to reduce the frequency of replacement of the luminaires to be used, the products to be selected must have at least 24,000 hours of life.

Using mercury-free LED luminaires Lighting design to minimize light leakage to prevent light pollution.

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AE0718SR ACCESS TO MOBILITY: Transportation Strategies Transportation needs for the project will rely heavily on existing public transport and the proposed pedestrian network. The team deliberately avoided proposing drastic changes to the current infrastructure, and rather applied light interventions which are: • Street parking is prohibited in the main streets close to the square.

• Road widths are decreased to 7m in Mete Ave. and the turns are made sharper, favoring calmer traffic. This will result in a natural slow down, which will be safer for the pedestrians who also gain terrain in pathways.

• There will be a continuous pavement pattern between the square and the plaza in front of the AKM, connecting both and making it easier for pedestrians to cross the street. Car traffic will be slowed down through speed bumps.

• At the south and east side of the square, car speed will be reduced to 40km/h.

• While restoring back the original ramp design by H. Prost, the metro, bus entry/exit, and the elevator is relocated, and integrated within the lobby design of the proposed museum.

• The U-turn in the northwest corner of the site will be redesigned, providing a more organized street design for taxi and bus usage. The bus stop will be improved with the use of shelter, seating furniture, and digital transport information panels.

• The social safety and health of passengers using the underground bus terminal will be improved through safer, designated bus stops and a unique and visually pleasing lighting strategy, considering wellness benefits and stress-reduction factors, without distracting the traffic.

• The placement of five (e-)scooter/bike parking areas will activate people to use greenways of transportation while traveling to the square and park.

• Signage and clear designated stops for the minibusses will help create a more ordered use of transport.

• On the right side of the Marmara Hotel, the existing taxi stand will be redesigned, with space for eight taxis at a time. Taxi squatting on the main roads will be decreased.

• Metro entrances will receive rain and sun sheltering roofs, in line with the museum design Pedestrian Flow: The square and park will remain a pedestrian area. New and redesigned pathways will spread out in multiple directions, activating an increased number of pedestrians to walk and wander through. Crossings at car roads are improved and by replacing the hard edges of the park with subtle slopes and ramps, rendering paths accessible to people of all abilities. Because priority is given to the freedom of the pedestrian flow, designated EXISTING FLOW roads for other vehicles, such as cars and bicycles, are not proposed at this stage.

EXISTING FLOW

PROPOSED FLOW

Existing Pedestrian Flow NO STREET PARKING NARROW WIDTH PROMOTING 40km/h

SHARPER TURNING RADIUS NATURALLY SLOWS TRAFFIC

40

Proposed Pedestrian Flow

ROAD BUMP FOR CONTINOUS PEDESTRIAN FLOW

ROAD LAYOUT REVISED FOR SAFER TRAFFIC FLOW

M METRO ENTRANCE IS INTEGRATED WITH MUSEUM Intervention 3 LOBBY WHILE RESTORING ORIGINAL Raised Surface - 7m HENRI PROST RAMP 40km/h Max. Speed:

TAXI STANDS ALLOCATED ON EASTERN LANE TO AVOID PARKING AT U-TURN

13

P

AE0718SR ACCESS TO PUBLIC SPACE: Saftey, Security, Wayfinding and Lighting Strategies SAFETY AND SECURITY Lack of sense of safety is one of the main problems that prevent people from feeling comfortable and spending more time in Gezi Park, especially at night. Jane Jacobs famously wrote in order for a street to feel safe “there must be eyes upon the street, eyes belonging to those we might call the natural proprietors of the street” (Eyes of the Street, 1961) In line with such notion, “Eyes on the Park” is the urban design strategy proposed to enhance the sense of safety in Gezi Park and other public open spaces around it. In addition to night lighting and other measures to increase visibility, allowing vitality through public open spaces, robust programming and activities will promote the sense of safety and attract people to the park.

Eyes on the Park: Sense of Safety in Gezi Park The proposal applies the following methods and interventions: • Increasing accessibility and attractiveness to increase the number of users of Gezi Park as people’s sense of safety increases with the presence of other people using the park.

• Providing visibility of the park from Cumhuriyet Avenue by keeping its green edge open to the street, except for the façade of the Taksim Art Gallery building.

• Providing a proper lighting design in the park in order to increase the sense of safety and enable the use of the park at night.

• Increasing the variety of activities that will take place atv different hours of the day to enhance the attractiveness of the park day and night, which will contribute to the sense of safety in the park.

• Decreasing isolated and dark locations to encourage 24h hour access to the public space for all, without fear of crime.

• Additional street lights and lighting beams in trees to increase the sense of safety • Enhancing pedestrian level lighting to allow night-time walking and provide a greater sense of safety.

• A branded new parks organization for the parks of Istanbul to change the perception of patrol on site and promote a sense of security.

• Incorporating robust programming and activities on-site to promote livelihood, lessening the need for cameras by increasing the eyes on the park.

14 15

AE0718SR WAYFINDING & SIGNAGE Accessible wayfinding signage for pedestrians is provided on-site through digital and analog elements: 1. Orientation: several touchscreen maps at the entry points to the site, providing the user with information on the current location. A kiosk is located on the north side of Cumhuriyet Avenue, providing general information for internationals and Turkish arrivals coming from the airport bus transfers.

2. Navigation: signposts with text, pictograms, and audio support are located throughout the site. By displaying the several activities on site, the signposts work as navigator and as an activator. Multiple locations throughout the park provide WiFi and charging stations, giving access to the internet for easier navigation.

3. Monitoring: digital transport information panels with audio support are located at the metro, bus, minibus, and airport bus stops.

4. Identification: recognition of the Museum of Urban Memory (MuseUM) and the Taksim Art Gallery (TAG) through the use of logos and titles, that will also be used in their online branding. Facilities such as public toilets will carry both text and pictograms. Temporary activities can be identified through the use of changeable textile banners, flexible to daily, weekly, or seasonal events, festivals, and lectures.

5. Perceptible Information: In addition to audio supported tools, the proposal also includes texture changes in the triangular pavement, in order to help wayfinding for people who are visually impaired, as well as braille incorporation on the signposts.

Fount

General Park Map

Bus Stop

07 Installation

02 Republic Monument

09 AtatĂźrk Library

05 Taksim Art Gallery

01 Taksim Square

08 AtatĂźrk Cultural Center

06 Kids Play

03 Mosque

Kids Play

05 Museum

07

05

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

City Museum

City Museum

Public Library

Public Library

09 06

04

03

02

01

E-Scoo

08

Istanbul Gezi Park

Museum and Art Gallery

Istanbul Gezi Park

Museum and Art Gallery

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PARKS OF ISTANBUL

PARKS OF ISTANBUL

PARKS OF ISTANBUL

GREEN FOR ALL

GREEN FOR ALL

GREEN FOR ALL

15

AE0718SR LIGHTING STRATEGY Numerous studies show that people develop feelings of fear or uncertainty in underlit areas where visual information is not sufficiently available, especially at night. Developing the right lighting strategy is highly crucial in the context of Gezi Park, as the survey has already shown that the majority of the respondents feel unsafe at the park, rating sense of a safety 1-3 out of 10.

The proposal integrates various lighting strategies to accomplish both a sense of safety, as well as promotion of well-being for its visitors.

It utilizes downlighting to avoid light pollution and cast shadows (Moonlighting). Driven by the location and its proposed activities, lighting applications are incorporated to create a welcoming feeling with an increased sense of safety. Higher-intensity and human-scaled lighting is brought into areas related to activities and movement, as well as outlining lighting that provides visual access for all (Phillips, 2004, vanSanten, 2006)

E F D

A C B

Lighting is designed to help enhance the urban spatial qualities and embraces the sense of place while increasing the security and safety of the places and strengthening the formal and functional needs.

It is preferred to use downlighting to avoid light pollution and cast shadows (Moonlighting), pedestrian-scale light luminaries, light from floor and furniture, and making use of the lighting diffusing from buildings.

E

E

Proposed lighting typologies are:

C

F D

A A

C

G G

Paving Inserts

Lights embedded on the floor/pavement at Taksim Square Paving Inserts Lights embedded on the floor/pavement at Taksim Square

Flood Lighting for Active/Playground Areas Flood Lighting for Active/Playground Pedestrian scale flood lighting for active areas Pedestrian-scale flood lighting for active areas

Scattered Lights “Firefly Effect” Scattered Lights “Firefly Effect”

Areas

Light poles scattered on the eastern side of the Park to achieve poles“Firefly scattered on the eastern side of the Park to achieve a so-called a Light so-called Effect” “Firefly Effect”

B B

Bench/Planter Under Lighting

H

Lights embedded in raised planter/benches/retaining walls at the Bench/Planter Under Lighting promenade and bosque area Lights embedded in raised planter/benches/retaining walls at the promenade and bosque area

D D

Moonlighting with Poles Moonlighting with Poles

H

Ring Lighting Ring Lighting

G

A

Tall light poles at the periphery of the square - not in the center Tall light poles at the periphery of the square - not in the center

Ring of lights at the inner tree ring of the Republic Monument Ring of lights at the inner tree ring of the Republic Monument

EE

Moonlighting with Trees

Luminaires on trees likewith stringTrees of lights, at the Taksim Garden Moonlighting andLuminaries the park cafe on trees like string of lights, at the Taksim Garden and the park cafe

FF

Interior Lighting

Relying on interior lighting from buildings at the periphery like AKM, Interior Lighting hotels and proposed museum skylights Relying on interior lighting from buildings at the periphery like AKM, hotels and proposed museum skylights

16

70

AE0718SR WELLBEING All design choices that are made for security, sustainability, economic, or artistic reasons are all simultaneously promoting the wellbeing and health of people of all ages and abilities. The proposal is fed by extensive research in environmental psychology, the impact of sense of safety, lighting, nature, arts on mental health, and effects of memory and historical values on personal psychology.

Health precautions, which may be required in a health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are taken into consideration. As social activities, both indoor and outdoor, are crucial to promote mental health and reduce risks of isolation and depression, the proposal incorporates responsive designs that enable safe physical distancing without causing stress.

The site is responsive to human basic needs: urban furniture and water fountains are equally spread over the site. Trees and additional shading is provided at the transport stops to protect from the sun and rain, and signage will improve the visibility of public toilets.

17 15

AE0718SR ACTION: Triangulation The array of programs offer a unique opportunity for activating this urban public space in new ways and brings a diversity of functions together: meeting, exchanging, flaneuring, consuming, working, entertaining, playing, dining, and making.

These programmatic elements act as a vessel for expression and serve as a melting pot for different people and ideas to come together. Avoiding generic programs gives the opportunity to create rich programmatic calendars tailored to the diverse surrounding local community as well as to an international crowd. The variety of spaces cater to everything from demonstrations to festivals and celebrations. The Park, the Square, and their surrounding areas create an envelope that is flexible enough to allow for a perpetual state of reinvention; adapting to the dynamic culture of metropolitan life.

Taksim Square and Gezi Park sit at the center of distinctive neighborhoods of creatives, makers, students, academics, entrepreneurs, and more. This introduces a unique urban moment to design with an emphasis on gathering together rather than on separation creating a sense of place and strengthening the connection between people and the places they share.

To activate the site, the proposal prioritizes placemaking: a process by which we can shape our public spaces in order to maximize shared value. A large component of this is triangulation; paying attention to the functions and identities that define the space and the community. Triangulation in public spaces - more than just promoting better urban design - facilitates creative patterns of use. A great public space is more than just a sum of its parts, and triangulation creates added value as it generates additional uses and opens more opportunities for improvisations, enabling an on-going place in the making.

ITU TASKISLA

HARBIYE

INTER CONTINENTAL

ITU CAMPUS

TALIMHANE AKM

GUMUSSUYU

The Marmara Taksim

TARLABASI SIRASELVILER / CIHANGIR ISTIKLAL

Taksim Square and The Gezi Parki is the one of the most important public spaces of Istanbul.

At the center of a very diverse community from different socio exonomic and cultural backgrounds such as students, academics, artists, creatives, dancers, designers, makers, entrepreneurs, doctors ect., this urban void is a Meeting Venue for people of Istanbul, as well as world travellers via various on site Hotels and Cultural Buildings Our proposals activity nodes is designed so that eveyone can find some reason to come to Taksim, to meet their “other”.

DOG PARK

ARTIST RESIDENCY & WORKSHOPS

CUMHURIYET PARK

ITÜ TASKISLA

ART WALK

GRAND HYATT HOTEL

AMPHITHEATER

BUS TERMINAL

MUSIC GAZEBO

INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL

XX FOOD VENDORS

MIXED-USE

TICKET KIOSK

THE TERRACE

XX

ATATÜRK LIBRARY

THE FORUM

ARTS & CRAFTS + FOOD VENDORS

PLAYGROUND

CAFE

FREE GREEN SPACE

FREE GREEN AREA

OUTDOOR DINING CHILDRENS PLAY AREA

PLAY AREA MUSEUM CAFE

NATIVE BOSQUE

MUSEUM PLAZA

FOUNTAIN

TAKSIM MOSQUE

ITÜ GUMUSSUYU

MOBILE LIBRARY

SEASONAL ACTIVITIES AREA

MONUMENT

SHADE & SEATING

AKM

THE MARMARA HOTEL

İSTIKLAL STREET

LEGEND TRIANGULATION, A ~3 MINUTE WALK EXISTING VIEWS

Placemaking is a process which we we can shape public spaces order to spaces maximize shared value. Ato large component ofshared that is triangulation.

Placemaking is a process bybywhich canourshape our inpublic in order maximize value. A large Triangulation in public spaces - more than just promoting better urban design - facilitates creative patterns of use. component of that is triangulation. Triangulation in public spaces - more than just promoting better urban design - facilitates creative patterns of use.

18 15

AE0718SR ACTION: Activation Activation of Gezi Park • New programs and activity nodes are proposed in the park to enhance the liveliness of the public open space.

• The museum will be one of the generators of activity in Gezi Park. The museum platform accessed by the marble steps of the esplanade will be dedicated to open-air exhibitions, digital art and other forms of art installations. The museum café and co-working area will be open to the lawn of Gezi Park • The central lawn that is conceived as a common green area will be used as a multi-purpose open space for public gatherings such as open-air cinema screenings, open-concerts, theatre plays, festivities and forums.

• Taksim Art Gallery will extend its workshops and exhibitions to the park.

• Certain parts of the park are designated as silent places reserved for contemplation, relaxing and reading, while other spots will host a variety of planned or spontaneous activities at certain times, depending on the daily, weekly or seasonal rhythm of the park. The area at the southeast corner of the park, between the museum and Mete Street is also reserved as a silent area, for people seeking calm and concentration can come. Silent contemplative sports such as yoga can be practiced on the lawn under the trees in this area, as well as in the central lawn.

• A mobile park library, which can be managed by Atatürk Library nearby, is proposed.

• Wi-Fi connection will be provided in certain parts of the park to transform it into an open air working area.

• Water fountains will be placed in different spots of the park to provide drinking water to people and animals.

• The belvedere opening to the Bosphorus over Mete Street is kept with its existing function of a sitting area around a café. Breezes from this direction makes this spot a preferred seating and gathering place during the summer nights in particular. A second view terrace is proposed at a lower level.

Activation of Taksim Gardens • The gardens will be arranged as a sculpture garden.

• A music kiosk placed in the center of the garden will be a greeting to a forgotten past, and an attempt to recreate a multi-sensory aesthetic experience.

• A number of playgrounds specially designed for children will be located in front of the museum café and in Cumhuriyet Park.

• Food trucks and an amphitheatre will make the gardens a destination both day and night.

“Texted my friend to see whether she is available to grab dinner at the Gezi Park, she works at one of the hotels nearby as well. It is nice to have dinner at the park during the weekdays, if I go by myself I grab food from the food vendors near the hotel and relax at the lawn, and if I go with my friend we can go to the tea garden for the Bosphorus views. If we plan it prior, we sometimes do a mini picnic after work instead and walk to Harbiye through the park after.”

Cumhuriyet Park • The park incorporates new playgrounds for all groups.

• The existing playgrounds in Cumhuriyet Park that are used by the residents, will be maintained and rearranged for children of different age groups.

• Spaces in the park can be reserved for gardening activities of the inhabitants of surrounding neighborhoods.

• This part of the green corridor can be allocated to open-air workshops and exhibition areas for an “artists-in-residence program”.

Program Timeline

Emotions & Senses Map

19 15

AE0718SR Activation of Taksim Cumhuriyet Square • Taksim Cumhuriyet Square will be the space for seasonal festivals and public events that will bring all members of the society together. Temporary structures can be implemented in a very short time for such activities.

• The Square will be a place where people can stroll around, sit and be part of the daily spectacle of urban life.

WiFi and Charging Station

“Only 30 more minutes until we kick off the second international drone festival, and my team will showcase the newest prototype from our lab in Berlin. Together with many other international teams, we gather to both showcase the latest technology, as well as following workshops and lectures in the auditorium of the museum.

Within only a 2 minute walk from the hotel, indoor and outdoor transform into a great place to mingle and network.”

“Taksim Square is a symbolic place for May 1st Labor Day to be celebrated, with the participation of numerous worker unions and citizens. The corteges approach the Square from the main avenues converging in Taksim.

The celebration commences after a moment of silence in respect to those who lost their lives in the past”

Water Fountain

Toilets

1

Information & Ticket Kiosk

2

Arts & Crafts Market

7

Children’s Play Area

3

Art Gallery Cafe

4

Farmers Market

5

Street Dining

6

Museum Cafe

8

Relax

9

Gezi Commons

10

Museum Plaza/Viewing Deck

11

Fountain

12-a Demonstratiosn

Activation of Cumhuriyet Avenue • Taksim Art Gallery is an important node of artistic activity opening both to Cumhuriyet Avenue and Gezi Park. Open-air exhibitions and workshops 12-b Ice Rink - Seasonal Activity 14 Mobile Library in the Park 14 Multimedia Area 12-d Dancing - Seasonal Activity 12-c Concerts - Seasonal Activity can be organized in public open spaces. The café of the art gallery will be a meeting point opening to the promenade.

• Open and semi-open spaces for outdoor dining, modular structures for food vendors and flower stands, a ticket booth/kiosk selling tickets to various spectacles that are being staged in Istanbul, will generate daily activity along the promenade.

15 Play/Exercise Area 19 Food Vendors 16 Tea Cafe 17 Playground 18 Food Trucks People sitting on the green steps of Gezi Park will join the daily spectacle of the street.

• Flower sellers have long been the users of this spot between Taksim Square and Cumhuriyet Avenue.

They contribute to the aesthetic perception and atmosphere of this particular space with their voices, with multiple colors and scents of flowers, and have marked the memories of many people.

24 Dog Park 21 Amphitheater 23 Residency Area 22 Workshop Area 20 Music Gazebo Special flower stands are proposed in the same place where they have long existed.

• The urban activity in this part of Cumhuriyet Avenue will be merged with the pedestrian activity of the streets of Talimhane Area and the bosque, proposed in the eastern corner of Taksim Square, at the intersection of Cumhuriyet and Tarlabaşı Avenues. The bosque is designed as a shaded place for people to rest next to the new Taksim Mosque under construction. A water fountain is proposed for refreshment.

24

23 22

21

19

20

18

9 1

2

2

3

17

16 15

8 7

14

6 4 5

13

10 11

12

20 15

AE0718SR ACTION: Nature as Programming In order to generate a variety of urban activities, architects need to “combine architectural specificity with programmatic indeterminacy.” (Rem Koolhaas, S,M,L,XL, 1995). In other words, create a balance between silent/vibrant, empty/built upon and void/programmed spaces. Open spaces invite its users to participate and take authorship of different programs. Thus the green, open areas - and nature itself -become part of the programming in public spaces.

The proposed combination of open and shaded green areas of Gezi Park enables the people to improvise on activities and utilize the spaces for various functions. The option to relocate some of the newer trees at the park, could also create more open spaces for people to gather, bringing further livelihood into the park. The trees on the east side of the park become part of the playgrounds for children.

Nature is used as a catalyst of multi-sensory experiences, incorporating seasonal flowers, smelling herbs and colorful bushes in landscape design. The multisensory Taksim Garden with its native green will have different scents throughout the year.

The trees introduced in the landscape design also provide shadow and shelter for different weather conditions, enabling more activities in their locations in Gezi Commons, bosque and promenade.

Preserving the trees located on the roof of the museum become an integral part of the interior design of the museum itself, where their roots become the backstage of the works and exhibitions.

“My husband lost his eyesight almost completely one year ago, unexpectedly, but you know, he’s not the youngest anymore. His smell and hearing senses however became like that of a dog. We love to sit and talk in the Gezi Park, where he can smell the tulips and roses and hear the music of the street musicians. It’s actually turned into quite a romantic date.”

21 15

AE0718SR ARTS: Beyoğlu is the main district where contemporary art and cultural activities are concentrated. Atatürk Cultural Center (AKM), Atatürk Library, Cemal Reşit Rey Concert Hall, Muhsin Ertuğrul City Theatre, and Cemil Topuzlu Open Air Theatre are all located in the vicinity of Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park. Museums of art, such as Istanbul Modern, Arter, SALT and a multitude of art galleries are located at a walking distance. The university campuses, faculties of art, and conservatories are all located in the surrounding areas, bringing young audiences to Taksim.

Art is part of the site’s identity and is essential to position Taksim Square and Gezi Park as a lively, memorable and inspirational destination. Through the variety of proposed arts interventions in urban and architectural scale the site becomes a stage for all.

ARTS: IN THE SQUARE - The Museum of Urban Memory (MuseUM) Educating on the past for a united present to inspire a collectively better future.

The contemporary definition of a museum is “an institution at the service of society and its development” (ICOM) and it holds a power that “shapes collective values and social understanding” (Luke, 2002:xiii).

Placed on the site of important past democratic manifestations such as the May day gathering of 1977 and the Gezi manifestations of 2013, a new museum is proposed on the place where the citizens of Istanbul from various backgrounds claimed their “right on the decision making processes of the city they live”, where they aimed to protect the city’s environment for future generations. Therefore, a museum devoted to urban memory would be ideal for such a monumental location.

The proposal of the museum will not only unite the park and the square, but will also be a direct treatment to the disconnect between the people and the spatial memory. It will raise awareness and educate its visitors, and inspire next generations through multidisciplinary programming in arts, humanities and social sciences. The placement of a museum and the programming that comes with it make the public space timelessly relevant and significant.

By placing the museum under an elevated public plaza we integrate the museum in a non-invasive and respectful manner. The park gently peels upwards at the edges to make room for the entrance, while the ramps going up to the plaza are restored to create accessible connections to the plaza. Extending to and incorporating the subway, it is highly accessible to the citizens from all parts of Istanbul. The skylights placed on the roof of the museum also function as a public viewing deck into the museum exhibitions for the people on the plaza. Such architectural interventions support our goal to create a fully accessible and equitable public space.

The museum will revitalize an area that is currently heavily underutilized. It will take care and support the liveliness of the park through outdoor exhibitions, an open theatre, and various events, while also spilling out to the park with a museum-cafe and an art-house that hold indoor exhibitions and workshops co-curated with and for the people.

“After spending 3 days immersed into history - the Byzantine and Ottoman histories - we spent today in the modern district of Beyoglu. We’ve heard that the new Museum of Urban Memory is a must see and it indeed was. It really changed our perspective on the city, and added a layer of understanding of the recent times, which we would have never discovered if we stayed on the historic peninsula only.”

22 15

A’

AE0718SR

B

A

B’

23 15

AE0718SR ARTS: IN THE PARK Sculpture Garden: While advocating for free and accessible interactions with art and performance, the Taksim Garden in the northwest of the Gezi Park will be the place of a sculpture garden. The sculpture garden can be part of the museum or art gallery’s outdoor programming, as well as responding to programs of schools, universities and other art institutions.

The sculpture garden will be a place of discovery and relaxation, with ever changing artworks and natural environment. The winding pathways of the garden guide people to stroll around artworks. Located between native tree, bush and flower species, and being close to the performance space of the amphitheatre and the music gazebo, the Taksim Garden is a multisensory and accessible artistic spot in the city.

“We love to walk over to Gezi Park with friends and stroll around to see the art installations that are scattered around. Every time we see a new one we have stimulating discussions on the art piece and what it represents. It is a relaxing yet inspiring experience.”

Art Walk: The sculptures and artworks will continue from the Taksim Garden and the pedestrian crossing bridge, towards the Cumhuriyet Park in the north. Because of the close proximity to many hotels that can function as artist residencies, the Cumhuriyet Park functions as a second artistic hub location, with an art walk and outdoor workshop locations.

Music Gazebo: The music gazebo will function as a free performance space for musicians of all kinds in Taksim Gardens. Located close to Cumhuriyet Avenue, street musicians - an essential part of Istanbul’s urban setting - can attract passers by to pause and spend time in the park. Surrounded by sculptures and trees, it will be one of the ideal places for a picnic.

Amphitheatre: An amphitheatre is proposed in the top corner of the Taksim Garden, on the left side of the bridge connecting the Gezi Park to the Cumhuriyet Park.

The outdoor amphitheatre gives space to individuals on a lunch break or as a resting spot, as well as providing an auditorium setting for several group usages, such as outdoor classes, presentations, spoken word events, theatre, dance performances, acoustic concerts and play. Through its small and intimate setting, it is a place for different people to get together and enjoy activities together, both during the day and at night.

“I am so excited for the concert this Sunday! I have been practicing with my friends from my elementary school in Dolapdere for the Gezi Park Children’s Park concert for over a month now. It takes every April but this is the first time I’ll be in it! We have been going to the park to practice at the stage there, it’s very fun to do it outdoors. My parents and my grandparents are also going to be there so I am very happy!”

Art Wall: The pathway connecting the Gezi Park with the lower leveled AKM plaza and Atatürk Library will consist of three art walls that function as an urban inspiration board and public exhibition panel. The walls will empower further collaborative creation, community comments and participation.

Taksim Art Gallery: Between 1967 and 2013 the Taksim Art Gallery was located on the storefronts of the Cumhuriyet Avenue. As a part of this proposal, a new contemporary art gallery building is designed in its former place that will connect to the existing, hidden Taksim Art Gallery located in Taksim metro’s foyer. The aim is to elevate this existing location into a more vibrant underground space, and give exhibition and get-together spaces back to contemporary Turkish artists in vital locations.

“This weekend has been packed at the Taksim Art Gallery, we had many young professionals join on Saturday, both local and from all around Istanbul for the workshops. Sunday we had workshops indoors for children, and that was also busier than usual as it was raining and families needed in door activities for the children. I had to do another trip to my atelier in Kurtulus to get more crafts supplies but it was definitely worth it!”

Mobile (Gezici) Library in the Park: Taksim Atatürk Library, located close yet unconnected to the square and park, will gain visibility through the Mobile Library (Gezici Kitaplığı). The terminology of a circulating library in the park is used as “gezici kütüphane“ in Turkish and this works perfectly well at Gezi Park. Such a service inside the park will provide a mobile reading activity to the visitors of the park, and those who pass by can immediately adapt

ARTS: IN THE PROMENADE Art & Crafts Market: Because of its important function as a pedestrian connection from north to south, the redesigned Cumhuriyet Avenue will be the host of daily and nightly buzzing activities. As a red carpet for travelers coming and going from Osmanbey and the Havaist bus stop, it is a busy and lively street with a lot of circulation, and an ideal place for Turkish artists and craftsmen to showcase their work. Flexible market stalls will serve as selling points for artworks (as well as food, filling the street with the flavours and colours of Turkey.

Street Musicians and Busking: Street musicians and performances are one of the most visible and audible characteristics of Istanbul’s street life. Together with the many voices and traffic sounds, street musicians are part of the melody of the city. The liveliness of the promenade and square is increased by many in-between-spaces that can be occupied by street musicians and buskers.

24 15

AE0718SR PROPOSED MANAGEMENT MODEL For the sustainability of art and culture activities brought forward in this project, a participatory management model is proposed.

The Taksim Square & Gezi Park Site Management, proposed to be under Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, shall be responsible for the implementation and management of the integrity of public open spaces in the area.

A council that will be formed of the representatives of the Arts and Culture Foundations of Istanbul, the City Council, District Municipalities and representatives of the residents of the surrounding neighborhoods and related NGOs shall function as an advisory board to the Taksim Square and Gezi Park Site Management Administration. The Taksim Square & Gezi Park Arts and Culture Organization is proposed as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) enterprise.

The Taksim Square & Gezi Park Art and Culture Organization is conceived as an independent entity that shall be composed of three autonomous constituents: Istanbul MuseUM of Urban Memory, Taksim Art Gallery and Cultural Activities in Public Open Spaces Management.

IMM’s cultural institutions such as Atatürk Library, Cemal Reşit Rey Orchestra, City Theatres, and also Atatürk Cultural Center could be partners in different cultural and artistic organizations to be undertaken by the Taksim and Gezi Park Art and Culture Organization. This organization can work in coordination with Taksim Square & Gezi Park Site Management Administration and the Public Parks of Istanbul, and be responsible for the maintenance of the public open spaces and the provision of services.

Similar examples provide a sustainable management model of public parks together with the organization of cultural activities all through the year. The Serpentine Gallery within the Royal Parks in London, the ETS Parc de la Villette and Grande Halle in Paris are successful examples of such management.

“With our arts collective and the Art and Culture Organization we have organized a Performance Arts Festival with the Taksim Square & Gezi Park Art and Culture Organization through June. This year we have a performance every night since the festival was such a success last year. There’ll be theatre groups, opera singers, folklore andPARK modern dancers, and traditional music groups. The audience is usually so diverse so it’s always good to have a TAKSIM CUMHURIYET SQUARE AND GEZI MANAGEMENT: good mix of performances. We’ll also have open-mic during the day for other artists to sign up and improvise. Those are my favorite.”

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATION OF CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC SPACES

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Muhsin Ertugrul City Theatre

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Parks of Istanbul (PPP)

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality & Taksim Square & Gezi Park Administration and Council

Taksim Square and Gezi Park Art and Culture Organization (PPP)

Taksim Square and Gezi Park Public Open Spaces Management Unit

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Cemal Resit Rey Orchestra

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Atatürk Library

Maintenance of Amenities and Services in Gezi Park and Taksim Square

Management Unit for Cultural Activities and Artistic Performances in Public Open Space

Landscaping & Maintenance of Gezi Park and Taskim Square

ATATURK CULTURAL CENTER

CRR CONCERT HALL

CEMIL TOPUZLU OPEN AIR THEATER

Gezi Museum of Urban Memory

Taksim Art Gallery

MUHSIN ERTUGRUL THEATER

25 15

URBAN COMMONS

AE0718SR

“We are almost there!” she says to her daughter,

pushing the stroller on a beautiful sunny day on Istiklal Avenue As she nears the end of the avenue, they see children playing at the splash fountains behind the Republic Monument.

Parents and grandparents are watching, seated on the benches where it’s cool and relaxing because of the shade and the water mist. The square is a mix of calm and excitement, with people resting, playing, taking pictures, and visiting the info desk to learn what’s new at the park.

She turns the stroller to follow the ramp up the museum where they had such a fun time last weekend in an art workshop for toddlers. As they reach the top, the plaza opens up around them. Children, elders, locals, and tourists are looking down into the museum through the sloped skylights. They continue, moving around people and between trees to get to the playgrounds that are filled with musical swings and toys. She settles on a shaded bench to watch her daughter play.

Near her she sees people passing: couples walking their dogs, individuals jogging, and groups of students chatting. After an hour of play, she decides to go on a walk in the park so that her daughter can rest in her stroller.

As they exit the playground and continue into the park, the landscape shifts, leaving the joyful social sounds behind and greeting them with serene tunes of nature instead. Her steps lead them to various art installations scattered around in the park, providing glimpses into its rich history. The path takes them to another open area where they see people, waiting for the show taking place at the open theatre. Suddenly the energy is back, crowded with young professionals, art enthusiasts, and curious souls who are clustering near the theatre and food vendors. They continue in the same direction for a bathroom break and refreshments. They end up getting ice cream to enjoy at the viewing terrace; an urban balcony with an unparalleled view overlooking the Bosphorus.

As the sun starts to set, she sees the lights accenting the park and sparkling throughout like fireflies. Distant sounds from center stage signal live music is about to commence. She looks over to her daughter who is happily eating ice-cream and showing hints of her nearing bedtime. The park seems to be just getting started, but they might head home she thinks.

Or maybe, they could stay just a little bit longer.”

We envision a square reunited with the people and a park enlivened by its community. A destination that co-creates with its guests, a house that celebrates the culture. Through architectural and urban interventions that promote accessibility, activities, and arts, we revitalize Taksim Cumhuriyet Meydani and Gezi Park, to become Istanbul’s focal point of practicing democracy and inspiring the future.

HISTORY AND OVERVIEW

MEMORY MAPPING

Taksim suffers from neglect. Of all major metropolises in Europe and North America, Istanbul spends the most amount of money on public spaces. However Taksim, once Istanbul’s greatest civic amenity, is currently longing for its glorious past.

1560

1804

1880

1918-1923

1923

1937-1943

Ayas Pasha, a vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, established his foundation including a cemetery.

When the great plague of Istanbul Ayas Pasha, a vizier of Suleiman the broke out, Ayas Pasha Cemetery Magnificent, established his was extended from Taksim to foundation including a cemetery.

Harbiye with the annexation of When the great plague of Istanbul other The Armenian broke cemeteries. out, Ayas Pasha Cemetery Surp Agop (Saint Jacob) cemetery was extended from Taksim to dated back theannexation great plague Harbiye withtothe of of Istanbul in 1560. The and other cemeteries.

TheCatholic Armenian Protestant wascemetery also Surp Agop Cemetery (Saint Jacob) located in this areagreat that was called dated back to the plague of “Grand until IstanbulChamps in 1560. des TheMorts” Catholic and late 19th century.

Protestant Cemetery was also located in this area that was called “Grand Champs des Morts” until late 19th century.

Selim III began the construction of military barracks in this area for the artillary corps of the new army. building completed Selim The III began the was construction of in 1806, barracks yet suffered considerable military in this area for damage during theofKabakçı the artillary corps the new Mustafa revolt in 1807. was army. The building wasItcompleted repaired under the reign of in 1806, yet suffered considerable Mahmud II and later under the damage during the Kabakçı reign of Abdulaziz in 1860s.

Mustafa revolt in 1807.

It wasThe building anthe ecclectic style repaired had under reign of with orientalist influences.

Mahmud II and later under the reign of Abdulaziz in 1860s. The building had an ecclectic style with orientalist influences.

Aya Triada (Holy Trinity) Church was built in the place where the old Greek Orthodox cemetery was located. The edifice, designed by architect Vasilios Aya Triada (Holy Trinity) Church was Ioannis, stillplace functions asthe a Greek built in the where old Greek Orthodox Church. cemetery was located. The edifice, designed by architect Vasilios Ioannis, still functions as a Greek Orthodox Church.

Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire was occupied by British, French and Italian forces at of thethe end of Istanbul, the capital the First World Ottoman EmpireWar, wasfrom 13 November to 4 October occupied by1918 British, French 1923. and Italian forces at the end of the First World War, from 13 November 1918 to 4 October 1923.

Istanbul was liberated on 4 October 1923. The foundation of the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed Octoberon29,4 1923.

Istanbul wason liberated Mustafa Atatürk, the of October Kemal 1923. The foundation leader of the of War of was the Republic Turkey Independence the founder proclaimed on and October 29, 1923.of the Republic, Mustafa Kemalbecame Atatürk,the thefirst Turkish leader ofpresident. the War of Independence and the founder of the Republic, became the first Turkish president.

In his master plan for Istanbul, Henri Prost proposed Park No. 2 as a green corridor that connected Maçka Valley plan to Harbiye, in order to In his master for Istanbul, Henri offer space for No. recreation Prost green proposed Park 2 as a to the residents Istanbul.

He green corridorofthat connected designed GezitoPark as aninesplanade, Maçka Valley Harbiye, order to aoffer formal entrance to the green area green space for recreation to from Taksim Square.

GeziHe Park the residents of Istanbul. replaced Artillery designedthe GeziTaksim Park as an esplanade, Barracks that weretodemolished in a formal entrance the green area 1940.

Mayor Dr. Lütfi Gezi Kırdar from Taksim Square.

Park inaugurated parkArtillery in 1943. replaced the the Taksim Barracks that were demolished in 1940. Mayor Dr. Lütfi Kırdar inaugurated the park in 1943.

1560

Taksim is the very first public square of the newly established Turkish Republic. It is the place where the soul of water (Maksem) has paved the way for democracy, that is rights, equity and access.

Together with Taksim Cumhuriyet Square, Gezi Park has been remembered as the place where the people of all groups claimed their “right to the city”, right to participate in the decision-making processes about the future of their environment.

The current conditions of Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park mirror its turbulent past. The conflict between the historic moments we celebrate and the ones we condemn has resulted in the utter neglect of this area. The square where people once gathered, socialized, celebrated and protested, became a concrete desert, a stranger to its people. The once lively park turned into an in-between passage, its greens and historic landmarks ignored. The maltreatment is apparent both in their physical damages and the area’s psychological weight.

While many of the problems are visible at the square and in the park, we reframe the problem by focusing on the user, and how they feel. Throughout May-June 2020, we conducted a digital survey where we had both Turkish and international Istanbul residents participate. When asked about current conditions, all answers were either negative or apathetic, and many of the answers included the words “cold”, “grey” and “unsafe”. Although the survey showed that the square and park were both believed to be of great importance - the words “historic” and “landmark” commonly used in its answers - it also presented that currently the area mainly functions as a transfer hub to other areas.

1804

1880

1918-1923

1923

1731

1865

1909

1921

The name of Taksim Square comes from the Maksem, the water distributer built for the apportion water toSquare meet the The name of Taksim increasing in thisthe part of comes fromdemand the Maksem, the city.

The historical water distributer built building for the that was built undertoAhmet III and apportion of water meet the Mahmut I, isdemand the oldest structure increasing in this part of standing in the square,building together the city. The historical with the water leveling towerIII and that was built under Ahmet located the north of the area.

MahmutatI, is the oldest structure standing in the square, together with the water leveling tower located at the north of the area.

Taksim Municipal Garden was opened in 1865, in the place of the old Catholic and Protestant Cemetery relocated in 1853-1854, by Taksim Municipal Garden was the initiative of Istanbul SixthofDistrict opened in 1865, in the place the Municipality.

Adjacent to the Artillery old Catholic and Protestant Barracks, first public garden ofby Cemeterythis relocated in 1853-1854, Istanbul, wasof designed M. Deroin. the initiative Istanbulby Sixth District It contained aAdjacent two storey wooden Municipality. to the Artillery kiosk, an orchestra lodge garden and a of Barracks, this first public music hall.

Istanbul, was designed by M. Deroin.

It contained a two storey wooden kiosk, an orchestra lodge and a music hall.

Following the declaration of the Second Constitution in 1908, soldiers in the Mecidiye (Taşkışla) Topçu Kışlasıof Following and the declaration (Artillery) started the Secondbarracks Constitution in a revolt against the new gov1908, soldiers in the Mecidiye ernment April 13thKışlası 1909.

(Taşkışla)on and Topçu Known as “31st March Inci- a (Artillery) barracks started dent”, the uprising wasgovrevolt against the new supressed 13 days the ernment oninApril 13thby1909.

Army KnownofasAction.

“31st March Incident”, the uprising was supressed in 13 days by the Army of Action.

The courtyard of Topçu Kışlası was transformed into a football stadium in Istanbul.

Football matches The courtyard of Topçu were here between Kışlasıplayed was transformed into Turkish teams and in the a football stadium soldiers the occupation Istanbul.of Football matches forces.

Fenerbahçe won the were played here between General Harrington cup after Turkish teams and the wining match with soldiersthe of the occupation against the British team. forces. Fenerbahçe won the General Harrington cup after wining the match with against the British team.

1731

1865

1909

1937-1943

1928

1921

In addition to how people felt about the site, we also wanted to understand what the square and park mean to both locals and tourists today. We conducted an Instagram analysis where we monitored the hashtags shared in Taksim and neighboring areas between the months of May - September 2020. We wanted to observe why people were in the areas, and what keywords they preferred to use to describe their experience and relation to the site. Taksim’s top three hashtags turned out to be “organic bread”, “bread” and “follow me”, showing us the disconnect between the people and the site’s historic value and genius loci

2013 Trees were cut down in Taksim Gezi Park to reconstruct the Artillery Barracks of the Ottoman Era. This prompted byinecologists, and Trees wereprotests cut down Taksim Gezi Taksim and Gezi Park became Park to Square reconstruct the Artillery the focal of point anti-government Barracks theof Ottoman Era. This demonstrations, known as Gezi Events, prompted protests by ecologists, and which across Taksimrapidly Squarespread and Gezi Parkthe became country. the focal point of anti-government demonstrations, known as Gezi Events, which rapidly spread across the country.

1955

Atatürk Cultural Center, designed by architect Hayati Tabanlıoğlu, was inaugurated as the State Opera and Ballet of Istanbul on 12 April.However a fire that Cultural broke out duringdesigned a theaterbyplay, in 1970, Atatürk Center, architect devastated the building, which couldas only Hayati Tabanlıoğlu, was inaugurated thereopen State in 1977. then AKM has been a significant nodeain OperaSince and Ballet of Istanbul on 12 April.However Taksim a multi-purpose cultural fire thatSquare, broke out during a theater play, center in 1970,and an icon of Istanbul.

Demolished for theonly purpose ofin devastated the building, which could reopen renovation, the building redesigned

by Muratnode in 1977. Since then AKM has been a significant Tabanlıoğlu, hasabeen under construction since and 2018 Taksim Square, multi-purpose cultural center and expected to reopen in 2021.for the purpose of an icon of Istanbul.

Demolished renovation, the building redesigned by Murat Tabanlıoğlu, has been under construction since 2018 and expected to reopen in 2021.

1954-65

‘Cumhuriyet Anıtı’, the monument dedicated to the Republic was designed by the sculptor Pietro ‘Cumhuriyet Anıtı’, Canonica the and locateddedicated at Taksim to the monument Square commemorate Republictowas designed bythe struggle for liberation and the sculptor Pietro Canonica the of the young andfoundation located at Taksim Turkish Republic.

Square to commemorate the struggle for liberation and the foundation of the young Turkish Republic.

1928

1975

1969

1969

BY SURVEY RESOURCES

1969

1960 The first coup in the

Republic of Turkey took 1960 place on the 27th of May.

The new Constitution first coup in the was approved byTurkey a referendum Republic of took held July27th 1961,ofand placeon on9the May. general werewas held The newelections Constitution on 15 October approved by a 1961. referendum held on 9 July 1961, and general elections were held on 15 October 1961.

8

Taksim

İstiklal

7

#bread #organicbread #followme

#sahhaf #bookstagram #tbt

Cihangir

Karaköy

#komik #makara #tbt

#art #photography #karaköy

Dolapdere

Maçka Park

#streetphotography #photooftheday #lifestyle

#dog #nature #labrador

Dolmabahçe

Nişantaşı

#dolmabahçe #architecture #palace

#fashion #ombre #design

Elmadağ

Pera

#nostalji #instagood #photooftheday

#art #taksim #pera

Galata

Sıraselviler

#aktivler #istanbul #turkey

#tattoo #taksim #ink

Galataport

Talimhane

#survivor2020 #photographclub #artwork

#dudak #fillers #‫رغاسکینیلک‬

Gezi Park

Taşkışla

#gezi #occupygezi #istanbul

#itu #architecture #art

Gümüşsuyu

Teleferik

#bag #design #pilates

#nature #travel #maçka

Harbiye

Tünel

#comics #collectibles #marvel

#theworldofdrums #drumsdaily #drumvibez

#fashion

5 4 3

#comics

2

#nature

1

#dog

0

London

NYC

Istanbul

Bombay

#nostalji

Global Green Space Survey: Acres of Parkland / 1000 person

#architecture #streetphotography

#fillers

#gezi

8

#bread

7 6

#palace

#bag

#tattoo

#sahhaf

5

#makara

#art

4 3

#theworldofdrums

#istanbul

HASHTAG MAP 0

Toronto

London

NYC

#art

Istanbul

Bombay

Data sourced from Instagram in May - September (2020)

1977 In 1970s, Taksim Square became the

most important public square for 1977 political manifestations in Turkey.

However, the celebrations of In 1970s, Taksim Square became the International Worker’s on for the 1st most important public Day square of May, turned into a massacre, political manifestations in Turkey. caused by shootings on leftist However, the celebrations of demonstrators who were International Worker’s Daygathered on the 1st in a of the May,square. turnedRemembered into a massacre, “Bloody First of May,”on this event has caused by shootings leftist marked the collective memory. demonstrators who were gathered in the square. Remembered a “Bloody First of May,” this event has marked the collective memory.

2011 The pedestrianization project of

2015

(demolished in 1940), in The pedestrianization project of addition to was removing busto the Square part ofthe plans stops, and shifting the traffic reconstruct Topçu Barracks underground tunnels. (demolished invia1940), in addition to removing the bus stops, and shifting the traffic underground via tunnels.

met with the resistance of citizens in 2015 Taksim Square. Helicopters fired on

the Square was part of plans to 2011 reconstruct Topçu Barracks

The coup attempt on 15 July was

2019

the gathering around Taksim The crowds coup attempt on 15 July was Republic met with Monument. the resistance of citizens in Taksim Square. Helicopters fired on the crowds gathering around Taksim Republic Monument.

İmamoğlu as Mayor 2019 of Istanbul.

Election of Ekrem

Election of Ekrem İmamoğlu as Mayor of Istanbul.

1

4

5

Hotel Integration

Regional Culture and Nature Walk Gezi Park is the Gate to the green cooridor envisioned by H. Prost. Restituting the continuity of this system of parks is of utmost importance, both for the life quality of citizens and as an uninterrupted ecological corridor.

Atatürk Library Integration

Theitslandscape Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on 3 edges. around the library prevents it from fulfilling its potential This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

AKM Integration This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park With three lanes width and fast traffic flow Mete Cad acts as an urban barrier between AKM and the Main Square Park Parking Hotel Integration Fragmentation of Allowing Green vehicular Space parking inside the parkIntercontinental disrupts its function Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

Existing Green spaces of Gezi Park is excessively divided, segregated Lack of Access Thisand hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park Lack of Access compartmented. Lack of free green space disallows people to interact.

Elevated Park is accessible to all Elevated Park is accessible to all

4

Hotel Integration

8

3

1

Non-existing Programming Lack of activities on site prevent it from being a destination

1

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

Trees Space of Green 16 Neglected 3 Fragmentation 11 Lack of Safety - Underlit Areas

Lack of Access

Malnourished and Park incoherent canopy divided, design issegregated not in line with Existing Green spaces of Gezi is excessively and the original HenryLack Prostofdesign.

Especially recently planted adds to a chaotic compartmented. free green space disallows people trees to interact.

Fragmentation of Green Space spatial relationship .

Existing Green spaces of Gezi Park is excessively divided, segregated and Lack of correct lighting in the park discourages night usage compartmented. Lack of free green space disallows people to interact.

Elevated Park is accessible to all

1

2

4

7 1

How might we create a destination that is welcoming and inclusive?

2017

2013

Site Area Scale Comparison

Global Green Space Survey: Acres of Parkland / 1000 person

Toronto

1980

2017 Designed by Şefik Birkiye and Selim Dalaman, Taksim Mosque is still under construction.

Designed by Şefik Birkiye and Selim Dalaman, Taksim Mosque is still under construction.

BY SURVEY RESOURCES

#photographclub

DESIGN PROPOSAL

1980 Following a coup d’état headed by the Chief of the General Staff, for the next three years the Turkish armed forces ruledd’état the country Following a coup headed by through National Security the Chiefthe of the General Staff, for Council democracy was the nextbefore three years the Turkish restored with ruled the 1983 armed forces the Turkish country general throughelection. the National Security Council before democracy was restored with the 1983 Turkish general election.

The area of the park was diminished with the construction of big hotels.

First, Hilton Hotel was built The area of the park was in the Park no.

Later a diminished with2.the national competition of construction of big hotels. architecture was opened for First, Hilton Hotel was built ainsecond that the Parkhotel no. 2.

Later a replaced the Municipal national competition of Music Hall in was Taksim architecture opened for Bahçesi. a second hotel that replaced the Municipal Music Hall in Taksim Bahçesi.

1

How might we engage the public and inspire the future?

1975 Designed by architect Sedad Hakkı Eldem, the building was commissioned

by Vehbi Koç Foundation as a complex featuring libraryHakkı and Designed abymuseum, architecta Sedad exhibition The was building that has Eldem, thehalls. building commissioned been usedKoç as Atatürk Library,

by Vehbi Foundation as a depending complex on IBB since 1981, is aafavorite place of featuring a museum, library and university exhibition students. halls. The building that has been used as Atatürk Library, depending on IBB since 1981, is a favorite place of university students.

CURRENT IMPRESSIONS OF TAKSIM:

TOP 3 IMPROVEMENTS:

2

How might we honor the spatial memory and restore the genius loci?

1969 On February 16th, a demonstration was organized by 76 youth groups of left wing, to protest against the On February 16th, a arrival of the USwas 6thorganized Fleet at demonstration Istanbul.

Thegroups protesters were by 76 youth of left attacked by rightagainst wing the wing, to protest groups. arrival of the US 6th Fleet at Istanbul. The protesters were attacked by right wing groups.

1954-65

6

The improvements the respondents want are directly linked with the feelings they have about Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park. While a significant majority reminisced about the green which once dominated the area, nearly half of the respondents wanted to see less police, indicating the mental association of police presence with the violent events in Taksim’s history. The survey was thus instrumental in understanding the emotional consequences and implications of such an historic timeline.

1955 The mob attacks known as 6-7 September Incidents were directed primarily to Istanbul’s Greek minority.

The mob attacksLooters known as 6-7 plundered shops and Septembermany Incidents were properties belonging to the directed primarily to Istanbul’s non-muslim citizens in Istiklâl Greek minority.

Looters Avenue andmany Beyoğlu. plundered shops and properties belonging to the non-muslim citizens in Istiklâl Avenue and Beyoğlu.

3

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

10of Urban Furniture 12 Lack

Lack of Safety - Police Presence

1

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

1

15 Underground Bus Terminal

6

Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

AKM Integration With three lanes width and fast traffic flow Mete Cad acts as an urban barrier between AKM and the Main Square

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

9

Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

15 Underground Bus Terminal

2

Policing the square Not enough restingofareas on the creates square an air of tension. Police being too visible promotes lack of safety

14

Non-human Passing Centered Through Design Colossal pedestrian The square hardscape mainlydoes acts as notameet transfer human pointneeds and lacks reasons to pause

Cumhuriyet Monument Integration Past interventions on the site decentered the monument, leaving it too much on the way of everyday commute making it invisible to everyday eye. Monument deserves an intervention to promote its importance and value.

13 Taxi Squatting

Without designated spaces, taxis block the traffic flow

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

1

Lack of Access Elevated Park is accessible to all

2

AKM Integration With three lanes width and fast traffic flow Mete Cad acts as an urban barrier between AKM and the Main Square

3

Fragmentation of Green Space

7

Non-existing Programming

Existing Green spaces of Gezi Park is excessively divided, segregated and compartmented. Lack of free green space disallows people to interact.

4

Hotel Integration Intercontinental Hotel treats the park as a back yard on its 3 edges.

This hard edge condition also contributes to the unsafe feel of the Park

Despite the neglect, this vast public land couldn’t be stripped of its virtues. Geographically, as a plateau, Taksim is the single connector of its surrounding neighbourhoods. Physically, with their iconic landmarks, vast scale, green landscapes, transportation infrastructure and historic moments of human rights advocacy, Taksim Cumhuriyet Square and Gezi Park have the foundations to become Istanbul’s urban commons.

We believe our responsibility towards this spatial gem is to nurture where it is neglected and induce a natural flow of life, while following the footsteps of its original design.

5

Atatürk Library Integration The landscape around the library prevents it from fulfilling its potential

6

Cumhuriyet Monument Integration Past interventions on the site decentered the monument, leaving it too much on the way of everyday commute making it invisible to everyday eye. Monument deserves an intervention to promote its importance and value.

Lack of activities on site prevent it from being a destination

8

Park Parking Allowing vehicular parking inside the park disrupts its function

Urban Commons is a collection of subtle architectural and urban interventions

that give Istanbulians:

ACCESS - A public space that is inclusive of and equitable for all. A place that meets

everyones’ needs and prioritizes their well-being.

9

Non-human Centered Design Colossal pedestrian hardscape does not meet human needs

10 Lack of Safety - Police Presence

Policing of the square creates an air of tension. Police being too visible promotes lack of safety

11

Lack of Safety - Underlit Areas Lack of correct lighting in the park discourages night usage

12 Lack of Urban Furniture

Not enough resting areas on the square

ACTION - A place in the making with all its stakeholders. A destination with diverse programming that adapts to the times and what people want.

ARTS -

A cultural hub that educates on history through arts and social sciences within “Museum of Urban Memory”, as well as temporary indoor and outdoor exhibitions throughout the park.

13 Taxi Squatting

15 Underground Bus Terminal

Without designated spaces, taxis block the traffic flow

Current design does not support wellness, and lacks air and light

14

Passing Through The square mainly acts as a transfer point and lacks reasons to pause

16 Neglected Trees

Malnourished and incoherent canopy design is not in line with the original Henry Prost design. Especially recently planted trees adds to a chaotic spatial relationship .

EDGE TRANSITIONS

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ACCESS

1. Access to History: Conservation Strategies

The buildings and structures that are representative of their period in their artistic/ architectural style, or those obtained as a result of a competition is conserved in conformity with their original design.

Taksim Gardens and Gezi Park is proposed as a Cultural Landscape Heritage Site with reference to UNESCO World Heritage Convention, as they are designed landscapes, associated with the aesthetic understanding and the cultural life of Istanbul in the mid 19th and mid 20th century respectively.

3. Proposed Functions

2. Access to Mobility: Pedestrian Access

PedestrÄąan Flow The square and park will remain a pedestrian area. New and redesigned pathways will spread out in multiple directions, activating an increased number of pedestrians to walk and wonder through. Crossings at car roads are improved and by replacing the hard edges of the park with subtle slopes and ramps, paths have been made accessible to people of all abilities. Because priority is given to the freedom of the pedestrian flow, designated roads for other vehicles, such as cars and bicycles, are not proposed at this stage.

2. Access to Mobility: Vehicular Access

T5

T1

T3

T2

T4

Vehicular Access Connectivity: improve access and movement. The complex changes of level in the park is an opportunity to configure the intermediate space between city and park, between public and private, between individual and group activities. We seek to create a more fluid passage and soften transitions without blurring the edges, but instead thickening them. Favoring ramps to stairs because they are accessible to all. The ramp taking you from Cumhuriyet Cd. to the upper promenade at Gezi provides a sequence of perspectives that unfolds as one ascends or descends.

4. Access to Public Spaces: Focal Public Areas

Roaad widths are decreased to 7m in Mete and the turns are made sharper, favoring calmer traffic. This results in a natural slow down, which will be safer for the pedestrians who also gain terrain in pathways. Street car parking is prohobited, and directions are given to organized car parking closeby.

Transportation needs for the project will heavily rely on existing public transport and the proposed pedestrian network. The team deliberately avoided proposing drastic changes to the current infrastructure, and rather applied light interventions

2. Access to Mobility: Transport Intervention T2

T1 PLAN 1/2000

NO STREET PARKING NARROW WIDTH PROMOTING 40km/h

SHARPER TURNING RADIUS NATURALLY SLOWS TRAFFIC

40

URBAN SPACE CONCEPT T3

T4 ROAD BUMP FOR CONTINOUS PEDESTRIAN FLOW

M METRO ENTRANCE IS INTEGRATED WITH MUSEUM Intervention 3 LOBBY WHILE RESTORING ORIGINAL Raised Surface - 7m HENRI PROST RAMP 40km/h Max. Speed:

T5 ROAD LAYOUT REVISED FOR SAFER TRAFFIC FLOW

TAXI STANDS ALLOCATED ON EASTERN LANE TO AVOID PARKING AT U-TURN

Unity: strengthen the flexibility and cohesiveness of the spaces. The current symmetrical parterre composition at Gezi Park is about imposing order on nature. It creates fragmented spaces to look at, rather than be in. We propose a large wide open space that is flexible and occupyable.

Resiliency: Integrating economic, social and cultural policies is paramount to urban resiliency planning. Resilient policies underlying Taksim are turned into actions through the creation of the museum, cafĂŠ, playground, art walk that bridge the cultural / social / ecological / economical gap.

URBAN INTEGRITY CONNECTIVITY

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4. Access to Public Space:

Safety and Security

Lack of sense of safety is one of the main problems that prevent people from feeling comfortable and spending more time in Gezi Park, especially at night. Jane Jacobs famously wrote in order for a street to feel safe “there must be eyes upon the street, eyes belonging to those we might call the natural proprietors of the street” (Eyes of the Street, 1961) In line with such notion, “Eyes on the Park” is the urban design strategy proposed to enhance the sense of safety in Gezi Park and other public open spaces around it. In addition to night lighting and other measures to increase visibility, allowing vitality through public open spaces, robust programming and activities will promote the sense of safety and attract people to the park.

Eyes on the Park: Sense of Safety in Gezi Park The proposal applies following methods and interventions: Increasing accessibility and attractiveness to increase the number of users of Gezi Park as people’s sense of safety increases with the presence of other people using the park. Providing visibility of the park from Cumhuriyet Avenue by keeping its green edge open to the street, except for the façade of Taksim Art Gallery building.

Providing a proper lighting design in the park in order to increase the sense of safety and enable the use of the park at night.

Increasing the variety of activities that will take place in different hours of the day to enhance the attractiveness of the park day and night, which will contribute to the sense of safety in the park. Decreasing isolated and dark locations to encourage 24h hour access to the public space for all, without fear of crime.

4. Access to Public Space: Wayfinding and Signage

5. Access to NATURE: Green Strategy

Accessible wayfinding signage for pedestrians is provided on site through digital and analog elements:

While Gezi Park already offers many benefits to the neighborhood and city, there are aspects that need to be strengthened to further improve the environmental quality (air and water quality), and promote the economic, physical, and social well-being of Taksim’s communities. Gezi has the potential to create wildlife habitats, further reduce exposure to ultraviolet light, experience nature, improve health, create jobs and provide educational opportunities, and increase land value.

1. Orientation: several touchscreen maps at the entry points to the site, providing the user with information on the current location. A kiosk is located at the north side of the Cumhuriyet Avenue, providing general information for internationals and Turkish arrivals coming from the airport bus transfers.

2. Navigation: signposts with text, pictograms and audio support are located throughout the site. By displaying the several activities on site, the signposts work as navigator and as activator. Multiple locations throughout the park provide WiFi and charging stations, giving access to the internet for easier navigation.

3. Monitoring: digital transport information panels with audio support are located at the metro, bus, minibus, and airport bus stops.

4. Identification: recognition of the Museum of Urban Memory (MuseUM) and the Taksim Art Gallery (TAG) through the use of logos and titles, that will also be used in their online branding. Facilities such as public toilets will carry both text and pictograms. Temporary activities can be identified through the use of changeable textile banners, flexible to daily, weekly or seasonal events, festivals and lectures.

New trees and sq.m of planting will be added to create microclimates on Cumhuriyet Avenue and Taksim Square. Attention will also be given to selecting high albedo paving. The actual concrete hardscape of the square is softened by the use of green surfaces that will be applied without hindering the square’s main function as a space of public gatherings, while creating a more pleasant experience. The Republic Monument will be circulated by trees and create an urban room, bringing shade and

5. Perceptible Information: In addition to audio supported tools, the proposal also includes texture changes in the triangular pavement, in order to help way

Additional street lights and lighting beams in trees to increase sense of safety Enhancing pedestrian level lighting to allow night-time walking and provide a greater sense of safety.

A branded new parks organization for the parks of Istanbul to change the perception of patrol on site and promote a sense of security.

Incorporating robust programming and activities on site to promote livelihood, lessening the need of cameras by increasing the eyes on the park.

Fountain

Taksim Art Gallery

General Park Map

Bus Stop

07 Installation

02 Republic Monument

09 Atatürk Library

05 Taksim Art Gallery

01 Taksim Square

08 Atatürk Cultural Center

06 Kids Play

03 Mosque

Art Gallery

Library

Arts & Crafts

Museum

Kids Play

Ticket

Bus Stop

Wifi

Flowers

Subway

Charge

Street Food

Information

Escalator

Lift

Bike Park

Escalator

Accessibility

Kids Play

05 Museum

07

Park

05

City Museum Cafe

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

City Museum

City Museum

Public Library

Public Library

09 06

04

03

02

01

E-Scooter

08

Istanbul Gezi Park

Museum and Art Gallery

Istanbul Gezi Park

Museum and Art Gallery

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Car Park

PARKS OF ISTANBUL

PARKS OF ISTANBUL

PARKS OF ISTANBUL

GREEN FOR ALL

GREEN FOR ALL

GREEN FOR ALL

Stairs

Exit

PARKS OF ISTANBUL GREEN FOR ALL

Garden

5. Access to Nature: Sustainable Practices WASTE MANAGEMENT Recyclable Wastes

ENERGY EFFICIENCY Heating-Cooling Systems Energy Monitoring and Energy Data Management Smart Grid System Renewable Energy - Solar Energy Lighting Comfort and Management

MATERIALS Recycled Materials Local Materials Rapidly Renewable Materials Healthy Materials Selection

4. Access to Public Space: Lighting Strategy

Material SRI Analysis

INDOOR AIR QUALITY COMFORT

Stairs

Lavatory

protection to the monument and respecting its original landscape design.

“The trees around the monument not only created a peaceful refuge for me, but also reminded me of the historic significance of this masterpiece. I used to walk past by it everyday on my commute, knowing it is there but never paying attention. Now I am more aware of its details!”

At the center of Gezi Park, the parterre, that had originally formed a sunken central space without trees, is reinterpreted as a unified common green, protected from the hustle of the surrounding city. This large green area will be used as a polyvalent open space. The park will therefore provide a cool, comfortable, and clean environment not just within its boundaries, but also as a “heat sink” and a vast air cleaning machine for the neighborhood.

The design also seeks to combat air pollution by planting additional trees where possible. Trees help to settle out, trap and hold particle pollutants (dust, ash, pollen and smoke) that can damage human lungs. They also absorb CO2 and other dangerous gases and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen. Trees remove gaseous pollutants by absorbing them through the pores in the leaf surface. Particulates are trapped and filtered by leaves, stems and twigs, and washed to the ground by rainfall. Preserving historical features of the park and minimizing the design intervention will offer environmental and energy savings over demolition and new construction

The trees of Gezi are part of a bigger sustainable urban design strategy, which plays an active role in the creation of a sustainable and healthy living space on an urban / regional basis, a design with reduced environmental impacts and an infrastructure that is energy / water efficient. It enables the determination of sustainable strategies and the creation of areas sensitive to human and nature.

In case of obtaining Green Building and Green Neighborhood certificates for the buildings in the project area, it provides points gain up to 15% directly. Due to the existing sustainable systems and designs, it is easier and less costly for the buildings in the project area to obtain green building certificates, while also increasing their value.

The proposal incorporates sustainable practices in all design interventions, from the selection of the architectural locations at city scale to the detail of material selection at the building scale.

Designs made in open areas have a determining feature in the proposal’s impact on the environment. All new designs proposed within the open spaces function as a whole mechanism and are part of an integrated process.

Daylight Analysis Thermal Comfort Analysis Natural Ventilation and Passive Climatization

Numerous studies show that people develop feelings of fear or uncertainty in underlit areas where visual information is not sufficiently available, especially at night. Developing the right lighting strategy is highly crucial in the context of Gezi Park, as the survey has already shown that the majority of the respondents feel unsafe at the park, rating sense of a safety 1-3 out of 10.

The proposal integrates various lighting strategies to accomplish both a sense of safety, as well as promotion of well-being for its visitors. It utilizes downlighting to avoid light pollution and cast shadows (Moonlighting). Driven by the location and its proposed activities, lighting applications are incorporated to create a welcoming feeling with an increased sense of safety. Higher-intensity and human-scaled lighting is brought into areas related to activities and movement, as well as outlining lighting that provides visual access for all (Phillips, 2004, vanSanten, 2006)

The Sustainable Urban Design strategy covers 7 main categories recommended for the site.

5. Access to Nature: Trees

The Trees of Gezi Park

WATER EFFICIENCY Indoor Water Efficiency

In addition to its benefits in terms of health and ecology, the trees of Gezi Park have historical significance and emotional ties with the people of Istanbul. They are important symbols of historic events such as the protests in 2013 and have become fixtures of the collective memory of the space.

Outdoor Water Efficiency Gray/Black Water, Rainwater Using

EXISTING TREES

PROPOSED TREES

LANDSCAPING

A

Paving Inserts Lights embedded on the floor/pavement at Taksim Square

E

Transportation by Bike / Scooter

Moonlighting with Trees

Shade Analysis

Luminaries on trees like string of lights, at the Taksim Garden and the park cafe

Façade Wind Load Analysis Pedestrian Level Comfort Analysis Lifestyle on Pedestrian Paths Analysis (Cittaslow)

Lighting is designed to help enhance the urban spatial qualities and embraces the sense of place while increasing the security and safety of the places and strengthening the formal and functional needs.

Existing Trees Optional Relocated Trees Removed Umhealty Trees

OPEN SPACES Rainwater Management

Existing Trees Proposed Trees

Heat Island Effect Light Pollution

It is preferred to use downlighting to avoid light pollution and cast shadows (Moonlighting), pedestrian-scale light luminaries, light from floor and furniture, and making use of the lighting diffusing from buildings.

Note that no trees were harmed in making of this project. All trees are proposed to be protected.However design team provides the option to relocate younger, recently planted trees within site, to restore original design by H Prost for urban space integrity.

Bench/Planter Under Lighting Lights embedded in raised planter/benches/retaining walls at the promenade and bosque area

F

Interior Lighting

TREES

B

Relying on interior lighting from buildings at the periphery like AKM, hotels and proposed museum skylights

E PERENNIALS

F D

A C B

E

E

C

Flood Lighting for Active/Playground Areas Pedestrian-scale flood lighting for active areas

G

Carpinus orientalis

Alnus glutinosa

Corylus avellana

Cedrus libani

Ulmus minor

Tilia tomentosa

Cercis siliquastrum

Cupressus sempervirens

Platanus orentalis

Allium istanbulense Özhatay

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary

Bupleurum pendikum Snogerup

Cephalaria tuteliana

Lathyrus undulatus Boıss.

Linum tauricum Willd.

Cirsium byzantinum Steud.

Ophrys sphegodes

Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.

Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

Dianthus cibrarius Clem.

Euphorbia amygdaloides

Galanthus plicatus

Thymus aznavouri

Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen

alexandrine parakeet

Cetti’s warbler

Grey headed woodpecker

blue tit

nutatch

little owl

Syrian woodpecker

tawny owl

treecreeper

jay

Scattered Lights “Firefly Effect” Light poles scattered on the eastern side of the Park to achieve a so-called “Firefly Effect”

D

Moonlighting with Poles Tall light poles at the periphery of the square - not in the center

H

Ring Lighting Ring of lights at the inner tree ring of the Republic Monument

MATERIALS PALETTE

NATIVE NESTING BIRDS

G D

A

Quercus rober

In honor of the original design of Prost’s Park No. 2, the proposal also allows the option to relocate some of the younger trees planted in recent years to the promenade, bosque or southside of the square. The open space gained by this relocation will allow for a more flexible and adaptive activity site such as open air cinema, festivals, concerts, theatre - as well as an increased feeling of safety. In line with Jane Jacobs’ notion on “Eyes on the Street” (1961), such application increases the eyes upon the park and therefore could elevate the Gezi Park experience for its dwellers.

Relocating trees is a delicate process that can be done with adequate planning and after care. Each tree will be assessed for its size and health, site-specific growing preferences, and species-specific factors like root type and dormancy period. Careful root pruning performed ahead of time will be necessary to prepare severed roots to function and recover through and after the shock of the transplanting process. When the time is right (depending on the tree), the rootball (10-12 inches of diameter per inch of trunk diameter) will be dug and burlapped (ensuring soil contact is maintained) and transported with the tree to its new site as quickly as possible. Thorough watering and care following the transplant will help to ensure the trees’ successful re-establishment at their new sites.

C

F

H

70.20

Therefore the proposal respects and protects the existing trees by designing the museum around their existing locations and making the roots of the trees an integral part of the interior design. Such a design approach visually embodies the symbolic value of the trees and how they create spaces that can elevate cultural, educational and inspirational experiences. The roots of these trees become structural columns at the level of the museum, turning into part of the layout and exhibition structure while supporting the roof. 4 meter depth is provided to ensure a healthy amount of soil for all tree species, along with a canopy wide diameter that does not disturb the “drip line”. To prevent soil compaction in the event that equipment must operate under the drip line, a minimum 30 cm layer of wood chips or other cushioning surface material will be laid.

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ACTION

DOG PARK

ARTIST RESIDENCY & WORKSHOPS

CUMHURIYET PARK

ITÜ TASKISLA

ART WALK

24

24 23

GRAND HYATT HOTEL

AMPHITHEATER

23

22

BUS TERMINAL

MUSIC GAZEBO

INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL

22

XX FOOD VENDORS

MIXED-USE

WiFi and Charging Station

Water Fountain

WiFi and Charging Station

Toilets

Water Fountain

Toilets

1 1

Information & Ticket Kiosk 2

Information & Ticket Kiosk

2

TICKET KIOSK

Arts & Crafts Market

THE TERRACE

XX

ATATÜRK LIBRARY

THE FORUM

ARTS & CRAFTS + FOOD VENDORS

Arts & Crafts Market

PLAYGROUND

CAFE

FREE GREEN SPACE

FREE GREEN AREA

OUTDOOR DINING CHILDRENS PLAY AREA

PLAY AREA MUSEUM CAFE

NATIVE BOSQUE

1921

21

19 18

18

2

2

9

9 2

8

32

3

8

17

17 16

15

7

7

SEASONAL ACTIVITIES AREA

MONUMENT

5

3

3

15

5

Farmers Market

4

Art Gallery Cafe

4

Art Gallery Cafe

6

Street Dining

5

Farmers Market

7

Museum Cafe

6

Street Dining

Children’s Play Area

Museum Cafe

7

Children’s Play Area

İSTIKLAL STREET

LEGEND TRIANGULATION, A ~3 MINUTE WALK

14 13

13

5

AKM

THE MARMARA HOTEL

6

6

4

4

16

ITÜ GUMUSSUYU

MOBILE LIBRARY

SHADE & SEATING

1

1

FOUNTAIN

TAKSIM MOSQUE

20

20

MUSEUM PLAZA

11

11

VIEWS

14

10

10

EXISTING

Placemaking is a process by which we can shape our public spaces in order to maximize shared value. A large component of that is triangulation.

Triangulation in public spaces - more than just promoting better urban design - facilitates creative patterns of use.

12

8

9

Relax

12

8

10

Gezi Commons

9

Relax

Museum Plaza/Viewing Deck

10

Gezi Commons

11

12-a Demonstratiosn

Fountain

Museum Plaza/Viewing Deck

11

Fountain

12-a Demonstratiosn

PLACEMAKING THROUGH TRIANGULATION PLAYGROUNDS

FAMILIES

REFRESH

Program map illustrating the various activities in and around the park. Above are the points, and below are the activities.

12-b Ice Rink - Seasonal Activity

12-d Dancing - Seasonal Activity

12-c Concerts - Seasonal Activity

14

14

Multimedia Area

Mobile Library in the Park

CULTURE

Taksim Square and Gezi Park sit at the center of distinctive neighborhoods of creatives, makers, students, academics, entrepreneurs and more. This introduces a unique urban moment to design with an emphasis on gathering together rather than on separation - creating a sense of place and strengthening the connection between people and the places they share. The array of programs offer a unique opportunity for activating this urban in new ways andthe brings diversity ofpoints, functions together: meeting, exchanging, flaneuring, consuming, working, entertaining, m map illustrating thepublic variousspace activities in and around park. aAbove are the and below are the activities. playing, dining, and making.

ELDERS & PWD*

FOOD & BEVERAGE

INTERACT

12-b Ice Rink - Seasonal Activity

12-d Dancing - Seasonal Activity

12-c Concerts - Seasonal Activity

14

Multimedia Area

14

Mobile Library in the Park

MOVE FREE GREEN SPACE

TOURISTS

REST

DINE 15

16 Tea Cafe

Play/Exercise Area

17

18

Playground

19

Food Trucks

Food Vendors MUSEUM/ART

CREATIVES

WORKSHOP

HISTORY

SHADED SEATING

15

16 Tea Cafe

Play/Exercise Area

17

18

Playground

Food Trucks

19

LOCAL GROUPS**

EXPERIENCE

Food Vendors

POPUP RETAIL

21

20 Music Gazebo

Amphitheater

22

23

Workshop Area

DIGITAL NOMADS

24 Dog Park

Residency Area

a place for everyone

*people with disabilities ** i.e. students, couples, friends, young professionals, etc

PERSONAS 21

20 Music Gazebo

1

Amphitheater

22

23

Workshop Area

Sculpture Gardens / Taksim Gardens Quercus rober

Alnus glutinosa

Freedom Lawn

Galanthus plicatus

Residency Area

24 Dog Park

Nature as Programming

Cyclamen coum

NATIVE BOSQUE

Proposed Year Round Programming

2

Gezi Commons Freedom Lawn

Variety of Spaces for Arts Programming; Multi-Sensory; Exploratory

1

3

In order to generate a variety of urban activities, architects need to “combine architectural specificity with programmatic indeterminacy.” (Rem Koolhaas, S,M,L,XL, 1995). In other words, create a balance between silent/vibrant, empty/built upon and void/programmed spaces. Open spaces invite its users to participate and take authorship of different programs. Thus the green, open areas - and nature itself -become part of the programming in public spaces.

Trifolium pachycalyx Zohary

Tulipia

Promenade + Art Gallery Platanus orentalis

Cercis siliquastrum

Freedom Lawn

Paeonia peregrina

Fuchsia

Tulipia

Flexible; Low-Maintenance Shady Allée for Pedestrian Comfort; Frame Views; Human Scale; Manage Stormwater; Seasonal Interest

Vine Canopy; Ornamental

4

Native Bosque Pinus Pinea

2

9

3

5

Cedrus libani

Cupressus sempervirens

Crocus olivieri Istanbulensis

Republic Monument Tilia tomentosa

Albizia julibrissin

Centaurea hermannii

Eranthis hyemalis

The proposed combination of open and shaded green areas of Gezi Park enables the people to improvise on activities and utilize the spaces for various functions. The option to relocate some of the newer trees at the park, could also create more open spaces for people to gather, bringing further livelihood into the park. The trees on the east side of the park become part of the playgrounds for children.

Nature is used as a catalyst of multi-sensory experiences, incorporating seasonal flowers, smelling herbs and colorful bushes in landscape design. The multisensory Taksim Garden with its native green will have different scents throughout the year.

ATATURK MONUMENT

PROMENADE

ARTIST GALLERY TAKSIM SQUARE

FOUNTAIN

MUSEUM PLAZA/ VIEWING DECK

CAFE

LIBRARY

SCULTPTURE GARDENS

DOG PARK

AMPHITHEATER

GEZI COMMONS

PLAY AREA

MUSIC GAZEBO ART WALK

ARTIST RESIDENCY

PLAYGROUND CAFE THE TERRACE

MULTI SENSORY EMOTIONS

LEGEND

CALM MEDITATIVE SERENE

WELCOMING

INTELLECUTUAL CREATIVE

HAPPY JOYFUL WONDERMENT PLAYFUL

SURPRISED INQUISITIVE

MULTISENSORY

EMOTIVE

HIGH ENERGY ANIMATED BOLD

Tulipia

Celebrate Native Planting; Increase Greenspace; Create Arrival Respite 6

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Taksim Square Tilia tomentosa

Freedom Lawn

Scilla hyacinthoides

Orchis purpurea

7

4

Flexible; Intimate Spaces

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Flexible; Iconic; Green Roofs

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Museum Freedom Lawn

8

The Yard Freedom Lawn

Frame Views; Create Enclosure / Adjust Scale;

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Anemone blanda

Hydrangea macrophylla

Cafe / Viewing Deck Wisteria

Hydrangea macrophylla

Provide Shaded Microclimate

LANDSCAPE PALETTE

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ARTS

Art is part of the site’s identity and is essential to position Taksim Square and Gezi Park as a lively, memorable and inspirational destination. Through the variety of proposed arts interventions in urban and architectural scale the site becomes a stage for all.

ARTS IN THE SQUARE THE MUSEUM OF URBAN MEMORY (MuseUM) Educating on the past for a united present to inspire a collectively better future.

The contemporary definition of a museum is “an institution at the service of society and its development” (ICOM) and it holds a power that “shapes collective values and social understanding” (Luke, 2002:xiii).

Placed on the site of important past democratic manifestations such as the May day gathering of 1977 and the Gezi manifestations of 2013, a new museum is proposed on the place where the citizens of Istanbul from various backgrounds claimed their “right on the decision making processes of the city they live”, where they aimed to protect the city’s environment for future generations. Therefore, a museum devoted to urban memory would be ideal for such a monumental location.

The proposal of the museum will not only unite the park and the square, but will also be a direct treatment to the disconnect between the people and the spatial memory. It will raise awareness and educate its visitors, and inspire next generations through multidisciplinary programming in arts, humanities and social sciences. The placement of a museum and the programming that comes with it make the public space timelessly relevant and significant.

By placing the museum under an elevated public plaza we integrate the museum in a non-invasive and respectful manner. The park gently peels upwards at the edges to make room for the entrance, while the ramps going up to the plaza are restored to create accessible connections to the plaza.

Extending to and incorporating the subway, it is highly accessible to the citizens from all parts of Istanbul. The skylights placed on the roof of the museum also function as a public viewing deck into the museum exhibitions for the people on the plaza. Such architectural interventions support our goal to create a fully accessible and equitable public space.

The museum will revitalize an area that is currently heavily underutilized. It will take care and support the liveliness of the park through outdoor exhibitions, an open theatre, and various events, while also spilling out to the park with a museum-cafe and an art-house that hold indoor exhibitions and workshops co-curated with and for the people.

“After spending 3 days immersed into history - the Byzantine and Ottoman histories - we spent today in the modern district of Beyoglu. We’ve heard that the new Museum of Urban Memory is a must see and it indeed was. It really changed our perspective on the city, and added a layer of understanding of the recent times, which we would have never discovered if we stayed on the historic peninsula only.”

ARTS IN THE PARK • Taksim Art Gallery “This weekend has been packed at the Taksim Art Gallery, we had many young professionals join on Saturday, both local and from all around Istanbul for the workshops. Sunday we had workshops indoors for children, and that was also busier than usual as it was raining and families needed in door activities for the children. I had to do another trip to my atelier in Kurtulus to get more crafts supplies but it was definitely worth it!”

• Sculpture Garden “We love to walk over to Gezi Park with friends and stroll around to see the art installations that are scattered around. Every time we see a new one we have stimulating discussions on the art piece and what it represents. It is a relaxing yet inspiring experience.”

• Amphitheatre “I am so excited for the concert this Sunday! I have been practicing with my friends from my elementary school in Dolapdere for the Gezi Park Children’s Park concert for over a month now. It takes every April but this is the first time I’ll be in it! We have been going to the park to practice at the stage there, it’s very fun to do it outdoors. My parents and my grandparents are also going to be there so I am very happy!”

• Art Walk • Music Gazebo • Art Wall • Mobile (Gezici) Library in the Park ARTS IN THE PROMENADE

SYSTEM DETAIL 1/50

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A’

SECTION 1/500

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A

B’

PLAN 1/500

ELEVATION 1/500

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