54 - D5A2H9P4 (EQUILAVENT MENTION) - Project Booklet

Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

Contents

1. Report Notes Stage 1 2. Human topography 3. Urban and site analysis 4. Landscape strategies and solutions 5. Buildings and landmarks 6. Structures and plants 7. Alternative and flexible usage 8. Lighting design and art 9. Carbon Footprint 10. Organization chart 11. A0 Panels

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

The project addresses the questions proposed in the jury report in Stage1.

1. Design strategies for Taksim Square and the monument (hard-scape and soft-scape, tree rows, metro exit, and open air theatre) should be developed in detail, with consideration for pedestrian flow.

2. Bio-diversity museum should be reconsidered. The proposed structure is located in a densely planted area.

3. The proposed structures should be ecologically sustainable.

4. The urban qualities of the connective axis between the Cumhuriyet Boulevard and the AtatĂźrk Monument should be reconsidered. The landscape design strategies may be enriched.

5. The commercial strip along the West perimeter of the Gezi Park should be refined.

6. Landscape artefacts such as tree pots, seating elements, lighting features should be reconsidered and detailed with a holistic design approach.

7. The underground public spaces should be designed in detail and the relation between ground level and underground spaces should be developed.

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8. The dominance of hardscape surfaces should be re-evaluated.

9. Pavement pattern should have an identity which should also be consistent with the place.

Inside the park we will have basically 4 typologies of land. Each typology will be much more complex with the introduction of different nuances.

Report Stage 1 Notes 4

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

1. Design strategies for Taksim Square and the monument (hard-scape and soft-scape, tree rows, metro exit, and open air theatre) should be developed in detail, with consideration for pedestrian flow.

New structures such as Taksim, Museum, Biodiversity Museum, have been modified to respect existing trees, roots, and underground structures.

The general construction system of the added structures is a dry-construction technique with a light approach with the ground. Furthermore, we propose a very flexible approach; hence in the administrative process, the design will be able to change some geometry based on the final requirements and critiques. Flexibility is one of the paramount qualities that such a complex project has to guarantee. Each part adapts it’s design to the participation process and further interests and necessities during the project process.

We analyzed pedestrian flows daily and on special occasions, quantity, and direction wise. We also examine the user type of the project site and anticipate their expectation. Based on this, we generate our spatial layout. There is a distinct flow towards Istiklal Street and also to the metro entrances. We open those corridors to facilitate a comfortable walking experience and an inclusive outdoor space. We created shaded areas with trees for microclimatic purposes, but at the same time, we left some open areas to enable crowded gatherings ( celebrations, commemorations, and marching, etc.). We designed some elements such as stairs, tree groups, and open air-theater to promote a sense of enclosure in an otherwise vast urban void. The area between the Gezi parkı steps and the open-air theater is large enough to hold the same amount of people of the current situation. However, on a regular and uneventful day, the open-air theater will be a hub for various activities, from art shows to mini-concerts, from sitting and resting to watching something on a screen.

Space also allows entrance/exit to the existing underground facilities and metro. Rows of trees or green carpet ( comprising mostly native grasses and shrubs) accompany the open-air museum. In a sense, they function as a buffer. Tree species in the area are mainly Linden (Tilia cordata) to benefit from the spectacular fall foliage.

INNER-OUTER SQUARE PATHS AND NODES Some areas on and around the square limit the pubic use of the space.

People move on specific routes in Taksim, and there are nodes of gatherings. The project adds new directions and enables the east-west New amenities will provide both open and built-up spaces for people to interact. connection through the park

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We approach the monument with great care. Because we respect the style and the design elements, we didn’t change anything spatially and hard materials wise. However, in its current setting, the monument is very weak in terms of plant materials. The planting design should add to the spatial legitimacy of the monument. Therefore the establishment of clear vertical to horizontal contrast is essential to give a stronger presence to the monument in a vast open space. We used low water-thrifty shrub Cotoneaster horizontalis to make a strong plant foundation for the monument.

This deciduous shrub has a dense and reliable cover, is robust and maintenance-free. Cotoneaster also changes color and therefore adds dynamism to a static statue without interfering with the symbolism and meaning of it. With a stronger green foundation of a maximum of 60 cm, the monument gains more volume and definition.

Moreover, this proposed green foundation of the monument interacts with the nearby proposed green patch in front of the Maksem building. We proposed a rain garden to raise environmental consciousness about water and plants. This approach is in line with the function of the historical water structure, the Maksem building. The rain garden is a green basin where the surface water will go into and interact with the plant materials to be purified. We use native rain garden plants that also matches the height of the nearby Cotoneaster patches surrounding the Monument. The rain garden will have signs and interactive displays to explain nature’s water purification mechanism to the users of the site. We created a corridor between the Monument and Maksem, a learning and interaction space with history and the nature of the Nation. We also design a long bench system so that people will sit here, relax, and learn, an important urban design consideration that the current context of the square does not provide.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE PROJECT

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

2. Bio-diversity museum should be reconsidered.

The proposed structure is located in a densely planted area.

3. The proposed structures should be ecologically sustainable.

We want to underline the importance of the presence of the two new buildings inside the park (Green House and Taksim Museum). The main problem of this ample space is to densify public uses and functions to create a very lively park. The project of a square is historically the expression of the sensibility and culture of administrations and citizens. Along with the ever-increasing Climate Change concerns, carbon positive designs of the public space should be the consideration for future urban centers. For this reason, we consider that the new Taksim Square and Gezi Park have the responsibility to increase the attention of citizens to diversity, sustainability, and climate change. Considering this challenge, we believe that the presence of a Biodiversity Museum is an important opportunity that the city can give to its citizens and the world New structures have been modified to respect existing trees, roots, and underground structures.

The team, with the support of an agricultural engineer and landscape experts, developed the plant and plantation palette. And the analysis of the detailed survey included in the materials provided from the Competition guided the sensitive studies of the existing trees and their roots and foliage. Based on this analysis, we have adapted the design of the buildings changing the disposal and dimension of some volumes. The construction system is a dry-construction technique with a light approach to the ground. The foundation system is respectable to the natural level and tree roots. The method uses a group of 3 micropillars (12cm of diameter each). These micropillars can be easily planted in the ground with the use of small machinery. The group of micropillars will be connected with a steel plate as a basement of the above steel structure. With this technique, we don’t need excavations, and all the structure is theoretically wholly removable and reversible. Furthermore, we have to consider that the design strategy proposes a very flexible approach. In the executive process, the design will be able to change some geometry with respect to the general concept.

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1. The existing trees diefine the boundary of the Greenhouse

2. Detail Plan of Greenhouse Foundation

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The urban qualities of the connective axis between the Cumhuriyet Boulevard and the Atatürk Monument should be reconsidered. The landscape design strategies may be enriched.

The project sees the connective axis of the Cumhuriyet Boulevard as a powerful linear space. This linear space can turn into space where many urban events and activities take place: the flower market, Christmas markets, books fair, small café’s and shops, seating elements. This sort of “rambla” needs to be very flexible and opened. This axis should emphasize the focus towards the Monument. For this reason, we added linear elements such as rows of trees, rows of light ( which can be an art and culture installation), a series of flower selling units and kiosks. The flower market takes its idea from the existing flower stands of the square but gives this function a better quality environment. In turn, the colorful appearance of flowers adds cheerful nuance to the corridor. The concept of flowers manifests itself in the selection of flowering tree species. To boost the existence of flower, which was very important for the Turkish culture, we added rows of Prunus cerrulata ‘kanzan’ to this axis. During the springtime, the cherries will bloom, spread their petals to the ground, almost as if flower confetti. And in autumn, they will turn into orange-red. These distinct lines of trees will be planted in high planters because of the underground transportation structure to allow their roots to grow. Even though the surface is mainly hardscape to handle high volumes of pedestrian flow to the square, the canopy of the trees will soften the image and the feeling. Also, a row of linear lighting gives perspective to the Monument. On a regular day, this line works as a modest light fixture, but in special times ( Christmas, Rayram, Festivals etc.), the space will have cataner type of lights to create this light corridor.

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The commercial strip along the West perimeter of the Gezi Park should be refined.

The commercial strip is obtained with the design of the new slope that connects the lower level of the square with Gezi Park. The presence of this little scale commercial and public activities is vital to resolve the fault of an interactive buffer between the square and the park. On several occasions, during the year, the existing green slope works like the back of temporary tea house kiosks. Underneath of the slope, a new space will host the police office, the entrance of the underground part of the biodiversity museum, the exit of the underground, and some little commercial activities such as coffees.

We give more definitions and explanations of this strip with our plans, perspectives and façade design.

It’s necessary to underline that in correspondance with the subway exit and the entrance of the underground part of the biodiversity museum we added a new elevator to connect disable people with the uppre level of the park without long routes. The new volume of the elevator in the upeer level of the park can host a space dedicated to permanent or temporary light sculptures as an important perspective point of reference inside the square.

6. Landscape artefacts such as tree pots, seating elements, lighting features should be reconsidered and detailed with a holistic design approach.

The holistic design approach is precisely the strategy we have proposed in the project. For this reason, the project doesn’t include a furniture design project. Seatings, lighting, and tree pots are part of the general design of the square. Even more, they are the topics of artistic interventions inside the public space. Instead of giving specific furniture design may be the principles of such elements should be elaborated at this stage: which are durability, ergonomy, sustainable procurement, ecological sensitivity, reusability, safety.

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MONUMENT

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The underground public spaces should be designed in detail, and the relation between ground level and underground spaces should be developed.

The project presents three points to resolve the relationship between underground and square levels. The main space is the one named “Open Air Theater.” This space is a lower square at level -3.15m. It is a vibrant space inside the square. This space is connected with the exit of the subway and Kabatas funicular. The superposition of each level of the existing underground structures defines the architectonic and structural alineation of the new square. This project, which will further evolve in the executive phase, can be created without significant structural and functional changes in the existing underground mobility system and pedestrian distribution. From the underground at -19.50m level, people will perceive natural light coming from above and from the square, thanks to a vast glass opening, all the section of the underground will be visible.

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The dominance of hardscape surfaces should be re-evaluated.

The general green cover in the Square increase to meet the requirement of the aimed Carbon Positive Card ( see the related section in the report).

•- Some green parts in the steps of the main stairs have been added.

- In Cumhuriyet Boulevard significant amount of rows of trees have been added.

- A green patch is added in front of the Maksem Building to underline the presence of the historical building as well as to create a buffer to protect it sustainably.

- A series of green linear-rectangular patches, “green carpets” have been added on the Square.

•- A new tree species are added to the Gezi park, the principals of the additional plantings are elaborated in the related section of the report. Also, we have reduced as much as possible stone pathways, and we added stabilized gravel to the park’s pathways.

UNDEGROUND LEVELS OF OPEN-AIR THEATRE WITH METROPOLITAN ACCESS

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9.

Pavement pattern should have an identity which should also be consistent with the place.

Inside the park, we will have four typologies of pavement. Each typology will be unique with the introduction of different nuances.

1- Hard pavement will be covered with different kinds of STONES. The stones of Istanbul relate a lot about the complexity of the city, about its artistic culture, its history, its land, geography, and cultures. The general stone for the square will be Diorite. Diorite is a typical Turkish granite. The grain of this granite is very fine and its extracted in at least three different nuances of gray, from clear to almost black. The various treatment, flamed, polished or bush-hammered, confer further different aspects. Diorite is a very resistant stone and diffusely used for public spaces. The stereometry of stones has been designed to have parallel lines producing different “stone carpets.� In some diffused points, these carpets will be enriched with the presence of additional colored stones. These inlays of other stones will symbolically represent the complexity and multicultural dialogue. With their material richness and with their symbolic meaning of a place where materials coming from different parts of the country meet to give their contributions of the construction a place where people coming from these different places meet. The diversity of stones, colors, textures will tell a lot about the importance of the diversity of people as a powerful and necessary element to construct public spaces in contemporary society. Diversity of the different stones, joined from a common culture represented by the Marmara marble, is an indispensable component to obtain the richness of a square, such as diversity of people, cultures, and social conditions is a vital element for a public space. People need free and hard space to organize events, manifestations, meetings, or, any activity with the presence of a lot of people.

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2 - Soft pavement will be basically done with grass and natural land. Green will cover most of the surface of the park and is going to represent nature penetrating inside the city. The hard city coming from the south, and Taksim square join with green and nature coming from the north. Gezi Park and Taksim Square are the places where nature and artifice meet 3- Semi-Hard pavement. It is a pavement that is treated naturally (with gravel or clay and inclusion of pieces of stones inside the grass), but at the same time, it has to be hard enough to allow disabled people to cross and to enjoy the interior space of the park 4- Semi green pavement. The prominent presence of green characterizes this kind of space. Still, it is defined and enriched with some hard elements made with particular pieces of stone to facilitate the use of green as a place for relaxation, for free time, leisure, an open-air work. The examples exist in historic Turkish landscapes where a simple border or a special stone can transform their use in spontaneous colonization of the space.

A sophisticated drainage system: We re-propose the drainage system of the old Turkish tradition as an essential element of water in city life. Some simple and sophisticated details in the Topkapi Palace Gardens become the references for the new project. These little details achieve relevant importance in the definition of the quality of the project..

Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

“Every day of the year, day and night, people pour to Taksim.

Metaphorically, Taksim shapes people; in turn, people shape Taksim�.

Taksim is the heart of Istanbul and Istanbul is the city where cultures meet literally and historically.

Every day of the year, day and night, people pour to Taksim. Metaphorically, Taksim shapes people; in turn, people shape Taksim, thus the notion of human topography: People arrive, people meet, people wait, people rest, people celebrate, people remember, people vindicate their rights, people work, people move or cross, people share ideas, people inform themselves and take responsibility about the city, people sell, people buy, people read or pray, people participate in a concert, in a meeting, in an institutional or anti-institutional manifestation, people eat and take a drink, people contact with nature trees, birds and water. The movements of the square, grades, slopes, embankments, plans, lighting, and shadows, adapt themselves to the topography of the place and the richness of this human topography in different seasons with sun, rain, wind or snow. Taksim and Gezi Park is the place where territory and city meet, is the place where nature and artifice connect.

02 Human Topography 16

Gezi Park and Taksim square coexist in the middle of a very dense urban matrix. Even though their physical properties are distinct, this duality constructs an interdependence of functions and complexity of discourses and actions. The present project recognizes the richness of relationships between nature and artifice, and the plurality of uses in such a vast urban space. Gezi Park is essential than ever in the midst of climate change, and the public space is more critical than ever for social cohesion and equity. Thus this project focuses both on mitigating the effects of climate change and providing a breath of new public functions. .The project starts with seeking elements to create a sense of space.

A military barracks historically defined the border of the Gezi Park and provided the square a distinct and clear urban scale. The demolition of the barracks opened the space with a powerful connection to the surrounding green areas, but the square lost its enclosure and legibility. The project does not build the old border. Instead, it develops a strategy to recover the spatially and socially coherent public space. The project aims a light construction of public functions along the perimeter of the square to redefine the scale of the open space and to add critical public and environmental services.

Along the new border, horizontal volumes, with dry, potentially removable structures, provide new public cultural services to citizens and tourists: 1) a new Urban Center with information point, multimedia rooms, coffee, library and reading rooms, and the Taksim Information Center 2) The Green House is a Museum of Biodiversity and Green Technologies exhibiting the complexity and the richness of Turkish Landscape 3) The promenade ending with a vertical boardwalk opening to the sightseeing of the Bosphorus, and 4) Little pavilions, pergolas provide specific places to enjoy local traditions such as the tea house.

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The structures have been developed with profound attention to maintain all the existing mature trees with punctual reimplantation of some elements with the little dimension or in a critical condition. The proposal includes new green areas and shady places inside the square. The square becomes the place of a new landscape where nature and artifice meet to create a better environment for a democratic, free, and pleasant use of the open space. Water that is in the essence of the toponomy of the place, Taksim “place of confluences,” is one of the materials of the project, and it is involved in the project for it’s ambient and technical value.

The project maintains and restores some of the existing historical structures, walls, little steps, platforms as a symbol of the entire transformation resulted from the superposition of different histories and ages. It speaks about the history of this place through its stones.

We maintain the central fountain, the dolphin fountain, the Republic Monument and its surroundings, all the existing mature trees, and of course, the general sections of the levels.

The central space, now is an empty and anonymous place, in the project become the place for flexible programs and new urban landscapes. The inclined plane ends with a water basin where spontaneous vegetation becomes the place to host birds and microfauna and provide novel water harvesting and a changing atmosphere and use during the year.

In front of the Marmara Hotel, a new Open Air informal theater is the place where the project redesigns the relation between the underground life with the complex network of connections and transportation system and the square and direct relationship with the new Opera House. The design guarantee full accessibility to disabled people with inclined plan connections transformed in an opportunity to design inspiring spaces and perspectives along the pathways. In the design of public space, details become a determining factor in the general quality of the intervention. “God is in details” as modern tradition says and as history teaches us. Materials, green and stones, hard surfaces and soft surfaces will give reference to the history of the site while following a a contemporary sensibility.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

Human topography of Taksim continually changes during the years adapting to the socio-political climate of the country and the world. This social and physical transformation of urban space brings new typologies to the public realm and manifest itself on the architecture and lifestyle. In the first place, before the Military Barracks emerge, Taksim was a periurban, mostly cemetery site called “Gardens of cities.” Later, the area, “Taksim Garden,” become the first public park of Istanbul, During the Military Barracks time, the courtyard and the surroundings of the building have significant use for outdoor military exercises, social gatherings, and sports. In a sense, landscape and artifice are inseparable and from the beginning: they do not exist as discrete units in the urban landscape but become a stage for one and other. We pursue a similar notion to our project because we believe a collision will start if they become individual entities of capitalist world views.

The current human topography is diverse and with ever-changing needs and expectations from a public space. People with different ethnic and religious backgrounds and nationalities pours to Taksim every day. Also, different age groups and people with various levels of abilities/ disabilities utilize the space. It is a twenty-four-hour flow of people every day of the year. In the project, we will use material content to represent the confluence of people and cultures. The diversity of stones, colors, textures will tell a lot about the importance of cultural diversity as a powerful and necessary element to construct public spaces in contemporary society.

We will also use water to explain the identity of the space. Taksim means “confluence,” historically confluence of the hydraulic system. In the project, water becomes the support for artistic, reflective, and scenographic interventions as a mirror reflecting a piece of sky or the faces of people and nature.

In addition, we will emphasize diversity not only socio-culturally but also biologically. Biodiversity will become a main theme in connecting people with nature. It will be a lens within which people will understand future technology.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

“Taksim is the heart of Istanbul and Istanbul is the city where cultures meet literally and historically”.

The proposed green system relies on the existing parks and approaches to the city from a green network point of view. Gezi Park is an essential part of the urban ecology. Because the urban mosaic is very congested, the opportunities are related to the infrastructure lines and coastal front. We propose opening up the garden of the Ataturk Library to the public and also utilizing the green patch on the other side of the street towards the east as a water retention park. In such a park, the main pond will hold excess water, and the surroundings will serve as public recreational space. We also propose a coastal green park system, which is currently fragmented by construction sites along the Kabataş- Fındıklıdirection. Once the underground transportation projects finish, the waterfront can be a green corridor along the sea. In the green system scheme, we also propose a green rail system which is successfully working for Izmir, for instance. The tramway from Kabataş to HistoricalPeninsula can be much greener. Last, of all, we propose improving the tree cover of all the primary street axesflowing in and out of the Taksim area. These street greening can also benefit from bioswales and rain gardens to collect urban runoff, which is a novel strategy in the proposed project.

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From a transportation circulation point of view, the project proposes increasing the metro lines connecting Taksim to a larger metropolitan area in the future. Also, we suggest using sustainable modes of travel, such as bikes and scooters, etc. Pedestrian friendly and walkable streets are also favorable.

From a vehicle traffic perspective, we propose a loop around the Ataturk Library lot to ease the rush hour traffic on the Taskism Taskisla junction. There is a closed street between the library and the military site. This road is also a need for vehicle access to the new AKM building parking structure on the east. The project keeps the bus stops underneath the project site. Also, we support the dolmuş stops at the entrance of the Tarlabaşı.

Urban and site analysis 24

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GREEN SYSTEM Existing green areas look fragmented due to historical land use development, mainly occurred after the 1950s. Park No 2 of the Prost Plan changed by the invasion of the hotel and some military campus functions and dissected by transportation Networks, hence diminished in ecological value. The coastal line lack green parks. The main axes of movement lack greening to provide a comfortable walk, especially in summer times.

LANDMARKS Taksim square and surrounding environments are the most vibrant areas in terms of historically and culturally significant landmarks nor only from the Byzantian and Ottoman times but also in the Republican era. This rich cultural mosaic reflects a multinational, multicultural, multi-religion context that is unique to the site. The area is not only a center for education, business, and commerce but also a hub of social and political discourses and actions.

PROPOSED CIRCULATION AND GREEN SYSTEM

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TRANSPORTATION The accessibility of the competition site is possible by different modes of transportation medium and pedestrian ways. Subway and sea transportation brings people from everywhere in the metropolitan area while the public bus and dolmuĹ&#x; also serve to bring people to their jobs and schools every day. And yet, a significant number of people uses their vehicle, which creates traffic jam during the rush hours.

Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

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IMAGE AND IDENTITY Taksim comprises many landmark buildings as a reflection of particular periods. New projects will reflect the center of the 21st-century democratic and just metropolitan

ENTRANCES - TRANSPORTATION Different modes of transportation bring people to the site from all over the world. Taksim will be the gateway to the exciting culture of the city and to the economic activity

INNER-OUTER SQUARE Some areas on and around the square limit the pubic use of the space.

New amenities will provide both open and built-up spaces for people to interact.

LACK OF MAINTENANCE Maintenance is a big administrational and budgetary concern. The new design aims to create public space that is resilient, self-sustained and easy to maintain

PATHS AND NODES People move on specific routes in Taksim, and there are nodes of gatherings. The project adds new directions and enables the east-west connection through the park.

AMENITIES Although some activities bring vibrant uses, the capacity and the number of these alternatives do not match the scale of the project site. A new project will provide diverse options.

VISUAL PUBLIC SECURITY MEASUREMENTS There exist visually secluded areas. The new project will create spaces where the visual connection with the more massive crowd is possible.

PHYSICAL PUBLIC SECURITY MEASUREMENTS There exist enough surveillance cameras on the ground, thus no need to see police cars and equipment everywhere. Yet, a police station might be functional

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

“The square becomes the place of a new landscape where nature and artifice meet to create a better environment for a democratic, free, and pleasant use of the open space�.

The landscape design of the park aims to provide a comfortable walk between a wide variety of programs and levels of the park. Legibility of the park layout is vital to the utilization of the park.

Therefore we provided open lines of vistas and clear directions, and a simple plan. In the center of the layout is a meadow accompanied by a water surface. This central feature is accessible from the surrounding programs through ramps and steps. The appearance and utilization of the central green are dynamic because space adapts itself to the conditions of nature and the availability of water

04 Landscape strategies and solutions 30

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BIODIVERSITY Although Gezi Park houses a large number of plants, it does not reflect the rich floral content of Istanbul’s nature and lacks in demonstrating the role of plants in Turkish culture. The overall effect of the plant mass from a biodiversity point is limited to a certain degree. The soul in the park is compacted close to the high circulation areas. The current composition puts a lot of maintenance and budget pressure and falls short on providing spatial coherence, aesthetic and functional properties.

Therefore, we will follow the strategies below to create a biologically rich, ecologically functional, culturally significant, aesthetically pleasing, environmentally sound, and sustainable urban ecosystem..

Mature trees are essential for the ecology and image of the park. It is also critical to environmental aspects. Therefore we protect all the mature trees in the park. However, some of the tree-like species on the site don’t perform well because of shade or other peripheral circumstances. We propose transplanting them to appropriate spaces either in the park or in the surrounding green areas. The new structures for public functions will find their final location after the transplantation of such relatively small and transferable trees. The new planting scheme will introduce more trees from Istanbul flora and also include different types of plants (e.g., shrubs, groundcovers, vines, bulbous plants, and perennials).

Existing plant composition has some inspirational aspects such as linear lines of mature trees (e.g.

Aesculus hippocastanum), large groups of fragrant shrubs (e.g. Pittosporum tobira), or seasonal show of the flowering native plants (Cercis siliquastrum). Lack of spatial coherence undermines their effects. The proposed design uses these elements and emphasizes its effects. Moreover, it introduces many species from the rich flora of Istanbul. The native species of fall color or spring bloom will be a dominant feature in the new plant composition. Users will learn about plants and flora of Istanbul and engage in the multisensory experience with the biodiversity in the park. Water and biodiversity will be the main themes, both outdoor and indoor (See Biodiversity Museum section).

Monumental Trees Transplantable Trees Very Small Trees Under Observation Trees Dead Trees Not Existed Trees

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

LANDSCAPE STRATEGIES

1. SUBMERGE MEADOW IN WINTER 2. WHITE FLOWER MEADOW IN SPRING 3. REFLECTION POND AND PUBLIC MEADOW IN SUMMER

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

WATER STRATEGIES

The proposed water strategy comes from the analysis of rain data. The evaluation of previous/ impervious surfaces, along with the evaporation ratio, yielded the amount of harvested rainwater monthly—the monthly volume of water generated a dynamic design that fluctuates based on the availability of water.

In the summer months, the reflection pool works as a cooling unit, and the meadow is open to a variety of flexible uses. When the rain increases, the water expands towards the meadow. And, after a certain point, the excess water goes to the cistern to be used in landscape irrigation.

The size of the pool and meadow is adjusted to accommodate this fantastic show of nature. The water-smart design will increase awareness, emphasize seasonal changes, and create surprises of flora and fauna in the middle of a dense urban matrix.

1. EXISTING RAINWATER SURFACE FLOW The square has large impervious surfaces. Therefore rainwater immediately starts surface flow to specific directions. This pattern has no intention of water harvesting though it is possible.

2. SUGGESTED RAINWATER COLLECTING POINTS The new project proposes a novel rainwater harvesting and storage scheme to enable climate-resilient and water sensitive urban design.

Three major interventions hierarchically include water reflection pond and meadow, a water retention pond, and cistern.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

TOTAL RAIN FLOW VOLUME BY MONTHS

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

“The square become the place of a new landscape where nature and artifice meet”.

The project redefines the scale of the open space and adds important public functions to improve the richness and the plurality of use. Along the new border horizontal volumes provide new public cultural services to citizens, tourists and users, to guarantee a lively space during all the day long.

The square become the place of a new landscape where nature and artifice meet to create a better environment for a democratic, free and pleasant use of the open space.

“God is in details” as modern tradition says and as history teaches us. Materials, green and stones, hard surfaces and soft surfaces has been considered with reference to the great Turkish historical tradition in their use to adapt the history to contemporary sensibility.

The north-west corner of the park is one of the “gates” of arrival, even for tourists coming by bus from the airport. For these reasons the project proposes to enlarge and improve the urban, representative and functional value of this area with the introduction of a public building, the “Taksim Museum”.

To south the existing green slope is redesigned to reorganize relation between square and park and to facilitate the connection across the axis East/West for pedestrians and disabled people.

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The corner of Gezi Park in south west position is one of the most difficult and problematic points of the project. The project redesigns the exit of the subway with a connection to the upper level with a new elevator. In the upper level a new iconic volume become the space for artistic lighting sculptures exhibitions.

Going to south, the existing monumental flight of steps is redesigned to maintain this important element for official or not official events. The new steps become a Participation Podium.

In the East perimeter of Gezi Park is located The “Greenhouse”. It is a BioMuseum of biodiversity and green technologies and is designed as an interior promenade telling the complexity and the richness of Turkish Landscape and agricultural richness. In the underground space visitors will meet

Buildings and Landmarks 40

information related with geology and underwater level green.

In front of the Marmara Hotel a new Open-Air theater is the place where the project redesign the relation between the underground life with the complex network of connections and transportation system and the square.

Inside Gezi Park, the central space, now empty and anonymous, becomes the place for a new green landscape. An inclined plan ends with a water basin where specific spontaneous vegetation becomes the place to host birds and microfauna and provide a natural water control in different seasons with a changing landscape, atmosphere and use during the year.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

TAKSIM MUSEUM

The Northwestern corner of Gezi Park is a gate of arrival to Taksim from the dense urban fabric on the north, and also it is a point of arrival for many coming from the airport. Once inside, this corner of the Park comprises substantial elements for the design, such as mature Sycamore trees, delicate bronze dolphin statue and fountain, and an overpass to connect the Park to another green patch on the north.

However, in spite of these qualities, this corner of the Park has a weak connection with the existing urban context as well as the interior spaces of the Park. The intricate transporation lines on the ground and underground levels compress the welcoming feeling of the Park. There exist congestion of people waiting for the airport shuttle, entering and exiting the subway, and walking towards the Taksim square.

The building is inside the green, and this position allows to create a new representative urban square to enlarge the space for public pedestrian use. The ground floor hosts the exit of the subway (staircase escalators and elevators), the entrance to the Museum ad a little coffee library, a city information point, and a water cistern useful for the recycling system for water and park maintenance.

On the upper floor, open spaces can provide the possibility to organize the temporary exhibitions, meetings, books or cultural activities presentations, and a permanent exhibition about the history of Taxim Square and Gezi Park.

The green roof coincides with the overall scheme of environmental sustainability and urban ecology. It provides an opportunity to watch the entire Park and vista for the tall buildings looking over the Park.

Therefore, the proposed design aims to enlarge and improve dialogue with the existing urban context and increase the functional value of the space by introducing a structure as the first information and interaction point of the city, hence the formation of the Taxim museum and its surrounding landscape.

The building is a two-floor building with the floor plan touching the land only in three essential points.

This approach guarantees a deep permeability of the building in the ground floor and an open connexion between the new square and the Park around the dolphin fountain.

The perimeter of the upper level emerges from the position of existing trees rather than being a predefined shape. It will further adapt itself to the landscape after a detailed tree and ground survey in the next stage.

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FLOWER MARKET AND PARTICIPATION PODIUM

Moving further from the Taksim Museum to the south, on the west side of Gezi Park, the design reorganizes the relation between the Square and the Park. The proposed design facilitates movement in two directions towards the AtatĂźrk Library on the east and towards the south to the Cumhuriyet statue. On the north-south axis, a linear volume takes place to resolve several challenges related to the lack of program and functions to bring livelihood to the Square. The structure hosts some little commercial activities such as coffees, and one of the two main entrances to the Green House. Also, a small unit of Police office will be here to make their presence discreet but, at the same time, able to serve for public safety. All these activities are essential to maintain a great use of the Square during the day and night. Some green terraced steps take place to connect different elevations; these steps can facilitate seating and relaxing.

Universal design principles shape the ramps in this spatial organization to allow easy and comfortable movement of disabled people. By taking the delicately designed green ramp, anybody can reach to the top level of the Park by following the geometry of the Park.

In the lower level, the linear Marketspace turns into a colorful Flower Market with the use of little permanent boxes creating a sort of Istanbul Rambla. New lines of trees will provide a substantial green presence and microclimate on the site. The addition of trees on large planters will add a welcoming atmosphere that, at this moment, look a little chaotic, undefined, and without a clear sense of space.

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In the upper level, a platform creates a terrace that can host tea houses and coffees in little steel and wood structures looking both to the Park and the Flower Market.

The area where the southwest corner of Gezi Park meets with the Square is one of the challenging areas due to the collision of functions and the coexistence of geometries. This corner gives vista to all directions on the site.

On the south, the existing monumental flight of steps is redesigned to maintain this critical element for official or not official events. The Project proposes to redesign the monumental steps to reshape the image of the Square. In the actual configuration, these staircases and its top plateau form a kind of podium, and yet, they are not used and appear groundlessly monumental and rhetoric. This podium is a meeting point for authorized or non- authorized manifestations and events and is part of the history of the city. Thus, it is crucial to initiate its daily use in promoting democratic and flexible urban space and redefining its actual monumentality.

In this endeavor, we propose deep and long steps to resolve the difference of level between Square and Park that is about 3,5 meters growing about 2 meters from west to east. The steps have some decorative and functional details to facilitate water drainage and to guarantee the presence of some green surfaces. The new steps (40 cm slightly inclined and doubled in some points to have staircases of about 18cm) become a Participation Podium during evvents and manifestations and a pleasant place to stay and enjoy the natural theater of the Square during regular days..

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

GREENHOUSE In the East perimeter of Gezi Park, the Project proposes a biodiversity theme to raise awareness about the rich biodiversity of Istanbul. Biodiversity is a vital part of sustainability and livability and yet is rare in Istanbul’s urban landscapes. The Project proposes a GreenHouse, which will serve as a Museum of biodiversity and green technologies. The GreenHouse has an interior promenade telling the complexity and the richness of Turkish landscapes. The promenade ends with a vertical boardwalk opening to the Bosphorus view.

Trees conservation defines the boundary

Gezi Park is a critical green hub in the middle of one of the most famous cities in the world. Therefore this green space can represent many encounters between nature and artifice, or culture, and technology. People learn about different species or horticultural and agrarian techniques of Anatolia in the Museum. They will also learn about the new technologies related to the plants. Also, the outdoor environment will be apart of the learning experience.

All the big trees remained on the perimeter of the Green House. Only a few transferable plants will be transferred to the close-by green spaces to gain space for the construction of this structure. The line of the maximum envelope will become the concept to design the façade of the building;

Grid of irregular hexagonal modules

The structure relies on modular elements consisting of steel, wood, and glass anchored to the land with the use of punctual piling to respect the roots of the trees and to maintain a soft approach in the design of the foundations of the new building; The organic approach suggested to relate a constructive, modular system with the organic cells of a vegetational element such as a leaf;

Organic boundary

Nature will design the new space: trees, vegetation, agricultural techniques, hydroponic cultures, water cycle, agricultural richness, green energy technologies, climate change will be some of the contents of this new and uniquely innovative space. Every room will present a didactical, scientific, artistic, and emotional experience with traditional and multimedia technologies.

Different levels of opacity

Irregular hexagonal modules organize the exhibition of the didactical space; The rooms of the exhibition space provide essential flexibility to define dimensions and elevations of each space related to the content of the exhibition project; Punctual system of foundations

vegetational element

basic components

organic cells

modular constructive system

GENERATIVE CONCEPTUAL SCHEMES

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Different levels of opacity will define the relation of the interior space with the exterior. Closed rooms designed to provide light effects and atmospheres will work together with open-air spaces where a lightly structured perimeter will be the support for vegetational elements. These outdoor structures will be the place for a profound experience where the visitors will involve in nature in a shaded space with different microclimates and ambiance; In the underground space, related to the flower market square and the pond inside the Park, visitors will get the information associated with geology and underwater level green.

Along the border of the Park and in its interior, the Project occasionally maintains and restores some existing historical structures, walls, little steps, platforms to guarantee the reading of the entire transformation as the result of the superposition of different histories and ages and make possible to read the history of this place.

The existing platform in the South-East corner of Gezi Park, in the corner with Mete Cd. is the place for the main entrance of the Green House. From this point, it is possible to follow two main proposals: going inside the GreenHouse dedicated to vegetation or going to the lower level devoted to geology and underground nature. Visitors can follow a story from underground until the elevated sightseeing of the Bosphorus in the final rooms.

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OPEN-AIR THEATRE

Taksim square is a vast space: this is the main attribute but the primary spatial challenge.The Project proposes an Open Air Informal Theater in front of the Marmara Hotel. With such intervention, the Project redesigns the relation of the Square with the complex network of underground connections and the transportation system. The link with the new AtatĂźrk Culture Center (AKM) and the iconic and symbolic importance of its facade is clear. This space will become a prominent gate of arrival and a stage for many indoor events and outdoor activities.

In order to answer the meeting needs of tens of thousands of people, the Project maintains the overall size of the current open space by replacing the stairs up to the north towards the impervious surfaces of the Gezi Park.

The possibility of a huge concentration of people is guaranteed. Still, space is legible with an organization of different levels useful for the multiplicity of uses on the Square.

Furthermore, the Project resolves a big problem that is the entrance/exit of the Subway. The spatial and aesthetic qualities of the subway entrances are currently insufficient.

The proposed semi-underground open Square creates a direct connection with the underground level, and the exit from the subway, thus making the entrance to the Square an enjoyable experience.

This underground Square (about 4 meters below the main square level) is a longitudinal space with terraced steps on booth sides connecting with the upper level. These terraced steps become open-air theaters. The first one is directly in front of the new AKM Oprah House. Its steps follow over the level of the Square to redesign the entrance to the subway (escalators, staircase, and a new elevator for disabled. The upper part of the steps is a little podium to provide sightseeing of the entire Square, the mosque, the Republic Monument , and the entrance of Istiklal Street. Temporary structures realized a few months ago in the Square indicate the preferences of the people and demonstrate how much people need a physical structure to experience the Square at different elevations.

The proposed semi-underground Square is the perfect stage for temporary ice skating ring, open-air cine, performances, concerts, meetings, temporary exhibitions, etc.‌ This lower Square is directly connected to the underground interior space; it is a long gallery where we can imagine temporary or permanent art interventions.

The lower Square connects to the upper level with an inclined plane. The intense people fluxes will animate this place.

The proposed open air theater is accompanied by two rows of trees to increase green on the Square and provide shade.

The number of trees increased significantly with the proposed design to improve carbon sequestration.

All the Project is designed to guarantee full accessibility to disabled people with appropriate ramp connections, which allows creating inspiring spaces and perspectives along the pathways.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

STRUCTURES Project is reviewed structurally for especially 3 main buildings; Museum, Greenhouse and Open Air Theatre Buildings which will be described as individual clauses in this report.

To be line with architectural sensitivity to keep existing trees, and having ordinarily transparent facades, large open areas in whole project, some general approaches for structural solutions are considered.

Firstly underground works, like deep foundations and retaining walls(temporary/permanent) will be analyzed with the consideration of existing tree roots. It is suggested to have secant piles for retaining walls, and well type foundations for basements. These issues will be also relevant with the soil investigation report which is not prepared yet in this stage and will be reviewed again for next stages.

Existing subway connections will be extremely noticed to avoid conflicts with temporary retaining walls which may have some struts and anchors also. During the piling and construction phases vibration due to distance between retaining walls and subway walls will be checked.

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Superstructures on the concrete basement levels considered as different materials for different buildings. Large spanned steel trusses or transparent glass facades are structurally designed to get spacious volumes within the existing trees.

Design Codes ***-* **-

Reinforced Concrete Elements : TS500/2000 Steel Elements : Turkish Steel Code - 2018 Structural Glass Elements : BS 6262 / AS 1288-1994 Seismic Loads : Turkish Seismic Code - 2019 Wind Loads : TS-EN 1991-1-4 Dead / Live Loads : TS 498

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4 Mega Truss Strategy On The Open Area

R.C Walls under Steel Trusses

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR TAKSIM MUSEUM Museum Building has a 20m x 80m plan dimensions in general layout. It consists of 2 stories, first story is partially basement which also includes a water cistern. This story is designed as concrete base structure, and the second story is solved as a steel braced framing system. In the first story there is a large open area which is spanned by using mega steel trusses on second level. All strength capacity and lateral/vertical deflection checks are performed and provided in preliminary structural principles.

In the final stage, flying slab zone vibration checks also will be provided as per AISC 811-16.

Steel Columns

Mega Truss Types

Steel Braces

Lateral Drifts

MUSEUM BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND SECTIONS Museum Building has a 20m x 80m plan dimensions in general layout. It consists of 2 stories, first story is partially basement which also includes a water cistern. This story is designed as concrete base structure, and the second story is solved as a steel braced framing system. In the first story there is a large open area which is spanned by using mega steel trusses on second level. All strength capacity and lateral/vertical deflection checks are performed and provided in preliminary structural principles. In the final stage, flying slab zone vibration checks also will be provided as per AISC 811-16.

Earthquake / Wind Effect

Earthquake / Wind Effect

Maksimum total lateral drift = 16mm, Maksimum story lateral drift = 14mm Story Height = 4.2m 14/4200 = 1/330 < H/300 OK

Steel Framing

Vertical Deflections

R.C Walls & Slab

Mega Truss Deflections

1st Storey Slab Deflections

IES EXIT IVIT ACT OUND N R IO IBIT N &U.G EXH R OR : R CISTE O L F 2nd : WATE R LOO

Mega Truss Cantilever Ends 25mm

1stF S CES ITIE RAN CTIV TY ENT A N ITIO ECURU S XHIB R : E N AND O O IO L T F d A 2n ORM : INF OOR

2nd Storey Slab Deflections Mega Truss Cantilever Ends 35mm

L 1stF

Maksimum Deflection For Mega Truss Cantilevers = 35mm Cantilever Length = 6.0m 35/6000 = 1/180 < L/150 OK

Structural Supporting Diagram & Sections 1st Storey Column & ShearWalls

Maksimum Deflection For Slab = 75mm Beam Deflection (Relative to the ends) = 40mm Beam Length = 13m 40/13000 = 1/330 < L/300 OK (Composite behaivour is ignored for deflection checks, which will effect calculations very positively)

2nd Storey Column & Braces Columns : HEB300

R.C Walls : 40cm

Braces : ~F 20cm_Pipe

Strength Capacities Steel Elements; 40x50cm

gT

in F ly

R.C Columns : 40x40cm

one

sZ

rus

Steel Elements strength capacities are check and figured in colour in left.

1st Storey Beams

2nd Storey Beams

Girders : HEB500

Beams : HEB500 (+15cm deck)

Beams : IPE240 (+15cm deck)

0.363

R.C Elements;

F

ss

T ru

e

Zon

0.39

R.C Beams : 30x60cm (15cm R.C Slab)

g lyin

R.C Walls, Beams and Columns strength capacities are check column capacity ratios are figured in left, as shown all less than 1.0 means safe.

0.606

2 0.59 4 0.58

Y Z

X Column P-M-M Interaction Ratios (TS 500-2000)

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR GREEN HOUSE Green House is a single-storey building planned to be built in Gezi Park within the scope of the Taksim Urban Design Competition.

It can be explained under three main headings as a structural system. These are steel base system, glass framing system and steel framing system.

Steel Base System; is a combination of base level deck and the foundation of the building. Deck consists of the steel beams. Foundation is designed with micro-steel piles at the several points under the steel deck.

Glass system is a gravity system, carrying itself under dead and live just like a masonry or a timber load bearing stud- wall systems, and it is stabilized laterally against wind and seismic forces by the steel frame system. Glass fins and beams transfer these lateral loads to steel locally per each wall and roof glass panel.

Steel Framing System; is designed as a secondary structures, which contributes to support the building in lateral direction under the seismic / wind actions. Also this system is a part of the architectural details such as roof valley.

The multi-micro pile system is designed to support the glass houses without harming the roots of the trees in the park. The piling machine is the minimum that can be found in the industry, that can fit between the bodies and the branches of the trees during installation. Also the concreting and the pile diameter is kept to a minimum and the multi numbered piles can provide load bearing as well as flexibility of placement around roots of trees.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR OPEN AIR THEATRE New structural system is going to be established on existing modified concrete system of subway station . Within the scope of modification, some slab areas are planned to be removed and columns are shortened and/or removed. While removing phase, additional steel systems like temporary steel slabs, wall and slab supports etc. will be added for safety and keeping on function of subway station.

Steel columns, beams, composite slabs and truss systems are going to be added in need of structural behavior. For connection of additional systems, anchor and reinforcement with epoxy binding will be used.

New system is going to load additional loadings like dead, live, wind and earthquake to the existing concrete system so structural steel is preferred due to the lightness of steel for limiting these loads.

Furthermore, existing system will be checked and strengthen in need of it. FRP,additional gravity columns and beams, etc. will be used for strengthening.

All required vibration analysis are made according to AISC Design Guide 11-Floor Vibration Due to The Human Activity For mega-screen structural system, existing wall system is going to be changed and wall system will extend in need of structural behavior of mega-screen structure. In extension phase new wall system will add existing wall with reinforcement by using epoxy binding. After finalized the extension of wall, mega-screen steel truss system will connect these new wall system.

Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

PLANTS

STANDARDS It is proposed to consider the following standards and regulations in the design of mechanical systems. ¬

TS 825 Turkish Insulation Code TS Turkish Standards Turkish Fire Code ASHRAE Standards NFPA Standards EN European Norms Istanbul City Zoning Plan Requirements

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Istanbul generally has a hot and humid climate in summers and a cold and rainy climate in winters. It is important to choose the systems to have the required capacity for this moisture control throughout the year, especially since high humidity in the summer months can have a serious bad effect on the collections.

According to ASHRAE Standards, 99.6% heating design external dry bulb temperature is given as -2.5 C. Similarly, the 0.4% cooling design external dry bulb temperature 31.1 C is given as the corresponding outdoor wet bulb temperature 21.5 C. Day and night maximum and minimum values can be taken as 7 C if the temperature difference. Outside weather criteria that are recommended to be used during mechanical system design are as follows.

Winter, Dry bulb temperature : -3 C Wet bulb temperature : -2 C

Summer, Dry bulb temperature: +33 C Wet bulb temperature : +24.5 C

Daily temperature range : 10 K Atmospheric pressure : 1,013bar Wind speed .: 5 m/s

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SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Building heating and cooling loads will be minimized by use of good insulation in all sections and high performance glazing on façade. The galleries will be shaded from direct sun by trees in summer time, additional operable shading will be provided when required. Landscape will be an important feature of the complex to create a soft and stable microclimate. In the complex high performance lighting shall be used to minimize heat gain, combined with automatic controls it will save considerable energy. Photovoltaic panels can also be an option for roof cover, a design feature to be explored in future design phases.

Rainwater will be collected in an underground tank in combination with an ecological reservoir. The accumulated water will be used for irrigation purposes and in water closets. Irrigation need for the plants and landscape will be minimized by careful selection of the plants that suit natural climate of Istanbul requiring minimal water. Low flow fixtures with sensors shall be used in toilets to minimize water consumption.

The fact that part of the buildings remain buried in ground will contribute to reducing energy use by grounds thermal mass and protecting them from outside conditions. Green roofs will provide additional protection as an insulation layer in winter time, whereas they will also help reduce cooling loads by humidification at roof level.

Mechanical equipment will be selected from most efficient options. All ventilation air handling units will be provided with heat recovery options, preferably hygorscopic tambour types. Chiller compressors shall be selected carefully for efficieny and will have means for capacity control. Hot and chilled water will be distributed in primary & secondary configuration, the secondary side to have variable speed pumps. All fans including fan coils will be equipped with EC fans.

BIODIVERSITY GALLERIES The galleries will be maintened at 22-24 C and % 50 relative humidity round the year. The galleries may have means for natural ventilation but they will also be provided with mechanical ventilation.

Though the building has scattered modules it will be provided with a central plant.

Mechanical plant for the galleries will be located in one of the modules at basement level. It will consist of a high efficiency gas boiler producing hot water for the floor heating systems for each gallery.

Chilled water will be produced by a small air cooled chiller with high efficiency scroll compressor located in the garden. Chilled water will be distributed to the fan coils and ventilation units to cool each gallery. Piping distribution and ventilation unit for each gallery module will be located in the

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crawl space. Air distribution will typically from air grills by the faรงade.

multifunctional platform for summer time.

PUBLIC HEALTH

TAKSIM MUSEUM Taksim museum will be designed to ensure the building galleries will be maintened to match requirements of modern museums and temporary exhibitions. The systems allow both comfort and conditions for artifacts. The rooms will be maintened at 22 C and % 50 relative humidity. Ventilation will be provided with mechanical systems which can regulate the amount of fresh air based on occupancy.

The buildings will always be kept at positive pressure to minimize infiltration.

Heating and cooling for the museum will be provided with a central plant similar to Biodiversity Galleries, i.e. a high efficiency gas boiler unit and an efficient air cooled chillers. Because museums do not allow for water lines inside the exhibition spaces, all air systems will be used to heat, cool and ventilate the buildings, separate air handling units will be used for each block. The air distribution will be made by ducts concealed in reflected ceiling or double walls. The system shall be configured to allow operation for optimal conditions for temporary exhibitions that require strict humidity and temperature control.

UNDERGROUND MUSEUM AND SHOPS Each retail unit or food service section inside the shops area will be provided with their own VRV or similar DX units for heating and cooling, the outside condensers typically concealed behind louvers.

Ventilation for each unit will be realized by means of heat recovery units dedicated, fresh air intake and exhaust will be through modularly arranged faรงade louvers. Discharge from possible hoods will go through ecological filters to minimize odour contamination at the site, preferably discharged from stacks.

The greenhouse entrance connecting to the metro station will primarily be ventilated naturally, it will be shaded by architectural elements, and radiant heaters may be added at desired locations where outside gatherings are possible in winter time.

The buildings shall be provided with a conventional waste and vent system that will have free flow drainage. Domestic water for two day use shall be stored in tandem tanks and will be conditioned before released for use. Stainless steel booster sets will be used for water distribution. Domestic hot water will typically be prepared by electrical heaters.

FIRE SUPPRESSION Fire safety of the whole complex and the buildings shall be provided with a central fire suppression system. There shall be a single water tank set to cater for both outside hydrant systems and inside fire hose and sprinkler systems. The museum building shall be provided with a preaction system to minimize damage to artifacts from possible leaks. IT rooms and important electrical rooms will be provided with gas suppression systems.

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The complex shall be provided with a central building management system which will be able to control all mechanical systems. The BMS will be able to operate the systems in the most optimal way to maximize comfort and minimize energy use.

OPEN THEATER AND ACTIVITY COURT This area will serve as a means for efficient rainwater collection and principally be kept as an unconditioned outdoor area. The main court will also entail an ice skating ring which can serve as a

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07 Alternative and flexible usage 64

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OPEN-AIR THEATRE SQUARE USAGE

The proposed semi-underground Square is the perfect stage for temporary ice skating ring, open-air cine, performances, concerts, meetings, temporary exhibitions, etc.â&#x20AC;Ś This lower Square is directly connected to the underground interior space; it is a long gallery where we can imagine temporary or permanent art interventions.

FLEXIBLE URBAN SPACE

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GEZÄ° PARK ACTIVITIES

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“Light is the element that gives life to objects”.

Lighting is an essential topic in designing a public space. Light is the element that gives life to objects.

We have to consider the same value, both functional and emotional aspects.

Designing lighting for a public space is not to put there beautiful urban-furniture objects.

This previous lighting concept aims to give a specific atmosphere to each part of this complex and ample public space.

The lighting layer has been planned with an artistic approach where each part is a history chapter.

Technical, ergonomic, and artistic approaches work together to give the best answer to this aspect of the project. Furthermore, all the solutions take into account sustainability aspects.

We can follow the single points in the lighting plan to understand the proposals for every part of the project. Still, we have to underline that in some significant spaces, the project proposes a specific and significant artistic intervention.

1 The pavement of the lower level of the Open-Air Theater will be treated as an interactive lighting carpet to create a lighting performance during the evening, with the interaction between light and classical or contemporary music. As well a long multimedia screen will be the place for a dynamic colored screen to be used as an artistic and communication wall. Its utility will be appreciated even during the event with a crowded situation. This structure realized as the redesign of the existing exit of the elevator connected with Kabatas elevator placed in the underground level creates a big “T” as a sort of Taksim square logotype.

08 Lighting design and art 70

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2. Towards the AKM along with the steps and in the pavement, some holes with a different density will create a water cloud producing a soft light atmosphere.

ART

The artistic presence in the square is not separated from lighting performances. Art, Light, communication, urban furniture are part of the same approach, and they are not treated as objects hosted in the space. Instead, they are interventions that gave significance to the functional elements of the square. A long bench inside the park can be the place of the memory of the ancient Armenian cemetery. Stone carpets included in the square’s pavement can represent the multicultural essence of Turkish people talking about tolerance and multiethnic society. A fountain can be interpreted as an emotional presence inside the space, talking about climate change. A lighting pavement can reproduce the changing colors of the powerful water of the Bosphorus. The new exit of the underground at the open-air theater-level will be a sort of permanent art gallery. The water basin’s sightseeing from the top of the “participation podium” can represent a mirror looking towards the sky. Furthermore, we have the existing artistic presences such as the Republic Monument and the two current fountains.

3 Inside the water basin, we have imagined a lighting installation able to reflect in the foliage of trees and the walls along the perimeter a dynamic and crystalline effect .

Starting with this approach, we thought in a significant presence of artistic interventions inside the space with different artists’ participation. The anonymity of the competition doesn’t allow us to indicate some artists’ names that we consider the best candidates for this critical contribution. Still, space’s importance suggests the participation of well-known international artists. It could be an excellent strategy to organize a specific participative competition. It will be a significant aspect to invite artists to propose different interventions inside the space to tell a history dedicated to other chapters. One artist or various artists can be asked not to put their one piece of art but to interpret a fragment of this complex space’s history with their interventions.

4 Along with the “Flower Market,” the roof of light and high pergola will host some temporary lighting performances. The challenge is to use a lighting technology able to realize different kinds of light and atmospheres during the seasons and specific festivities.

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Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

LIGHTING 1

linear lighting in the bottom of the boundary along the bridge

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Bollards (80cm high) for lighting

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Indirect lighting coming from the museum and the porch of the subway exit and public lighting included in the ceiling of the porch of the Taksim Museum

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Specific light for the fountain inside and outside the water. This point will need a specific artistic lighting project

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5-6 Linear lighting suspended in a steel structure at 7 meters high. Double asymmetric lighting to illuminate both sides of the line. The interior space between the two parallel lines will become a specific space for artistic lighting during the Christmas holidays and particular events during the year 7

Indirect lighting coming from the building and commercial activities in addition to a specific public linear lighting oriented towards the square from the roof of the ramp

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linear led lighting was embedded in the squareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pavement and architectural street lamps for a general illumination during the winter snow.

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Lighting of the facade of Maksem will enhance the nightscape of the historical building. The illumination of the façade will produce an excellent scenography for the square and will indirectly illuminate the public space. Besides, some architectonic streetlamps will be placed along the bench.

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Specific lighting for the monument

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Linear led lighting under the seat of the new circular bench around the monument.

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Indirect lighting will come from the inside of the subway exit; also, public linear lighting will be embedded in the entrancesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; exterior ceiling.

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Linear lighting embedded in the bottom of the steps

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Linear led lighting embedded under the handrail of the pedestrian ramp

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Linear led lighting embedded under the railing of the parapet

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Digital screen (50mtx2mt). It will need a specific artistic design

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Artistic multimedia and interactive lighting and music installation. It will require specific artistic intervention.

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Lighting sculptural towers to be used during crowded events and manifestations

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Lighting inside water clouds coming from the pavement. This point needs a specific artistic intervention

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Linear led lighting embedded in the pavement.

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Soft lighting embedded in the bottom of every tree illuminating the foliage

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Indirect lighting will come to form the interior of the Greenhouse; also, there will be specific public lighting in the exterior ceiling of the entrance and the bottom of the linear bench along all the perimeter of the platform

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Linear LEDs embedded under the steps

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linear led lighting along the square blocks containing the trees

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Soft multimedia and interactive lighting under the water illuminating the foliage of the surrounding vegeta tion.

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Street lamps in two different elevations for the street and the pedestrian walkway

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Linear LEDs along the border of some blocks of the Greenhouse

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Linear led lighting under the bench along the perimeter.

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Linear lighting to underline the connection between the East and West side of the park

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Climate data and projections about Istanbul give warning signsâ&#x20AC;?.

Climate data and projections about Istanbul give warning signs. The data shows that the rainy season is unpredictable; dry season is prolonged, and even the winds come in different patterns.

Therefore proposing a climate-positive design is an utmost priority for the city. We scrutinized the current situation by using the Carbon calculator of the Landscape Architecture Foundation. The results shown yielded by the calculator. In its existing state, Taksim square can be carbon positive in more than ten thousand years, which means never!!!. However, if the square has more tree cover and permeability, it can be carbon positive sooner. As the second step, we entered the goal of the new projects, and the results showed 34 years to be carbon positive. The number still may be high; however, the contribution of the Gezi park combined effect will be improved.

In its current state, Gezi park can be carbon positive in 24 years. However, if a sound strategy to improve the permeability and improve the biodiversity in terms of plant species, we will manage Gezi park to be carbon positive within two years. Amid the concrete blocks, the park will work as a machine to sequester carbon.

09 Carbon footprint 76

77

CLIMATE / BEYOĞLU Average number of days that Beyoğlu had cloudy, sunny, rainy and windy weather in the last 30 year CLIMATE / İSTANBUL Change in the climatic features of Istanbul in the last 22 years by month

78

Taksim Urban Design Competition / D5A2H9P4

10 Organization chart 80

81

11 A0 Panels 82

D5A2H9P4

PLAN 1:500 0

5

±

ecological bridge and playground

10

20

30

meters 40

Along the new border. horizontal volumes. with dry. potentially removable structures. provide new public cultural services to citizens and tourists: I) a new Urban Center with information __eoint. multimedia rooms. coffee. librarll. and reading rooms. and the Taksim Information Center 2) The Green House is a Museum of 8iodiversity and Green Technologies exhibiting the complexity and the richness of Turkish Landscape 3) The promenade ending with a vertical boardwalk opening to the sightseeing of the Bosphorus. and 4) Little pavilions. pergolas provide specific places to enjoy local traditions such as the tea house.

The structures have been developed with profound attention to maintain all the existing mature trees with punctual reimplantation of some elements with the little dimension or in a critical condition. The proposal includes new green areas and shady places inside the s9uare.

The s9uare becomes the place of a new landscape where nature and artifice meet to create a better environment for a democratic. fre􀀡􀀡􀀡􀀡 and pleasant use oi the open space. water that is in the essence of the toponomy of the place: Taksim place of confluences. is one of the materials of the project. and it is involved in the project for it s ambient and technical value.

Taksim Museum and metro access

airport shuttle stop

The project maintains and restores some of the existing historical structures. walls. little steps. platforms as a symbol of the entire transformation resulted from the superposition of different histories and ages. It speaks about the history of this place through its stones.

We maintain the central fountain. the dolphin fountain. the Republic Monument and its surroundings. all the existing mature trees. and of course. the general sections o fthe levels.

The central space. now is an empty and anonymous place. in the project become the place for flexible programs and new urban landscapes. The inclined plane ends with a water basin where spontaneous vegetation becomes the place to host birds and microfauna and provide novel water harvesting and a changing atmosphere and use during the year.

In front of the Marmara Hotel. A new Open Air informal theater is the place where the project redesigns the relation between the underground lite with the complex network of connections and transportation system and the square and direct relationship with the new Opera House. The design guarantee full accessibility to disabled people with inclined plan connections transformed in an opportunity to design inspiring spaces and perspectives along the pathways. In th􀀡􀀡􀀡 􀀡􀀡􀀡􀀡􀀡n of publi􀀡􀀡􀀡 space. details become a determining factor in the general quality of the intervention. God is in details as modern tradition says and as history teaches us. Materials. green and stones. hard surfaces and soft surfaces will give reference to the history of the site while following a a contemporary sensibility.

new sculpture axis

greeen steps and east - west passage

fountain square

tea garden

LIGHTING MAP 1

new sculpture square

2 3

flower stands and kiosks

4

urban meadow 6

cafes and small shops 5

29

7

28

light corridor Green House green ramp and shops 27 26

tree rows and urban furniture

25

reflection pool

24

8 flower market square

23 22 21 tree shaded seating area

20

d a c

b 28 participation podium and steps

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

10 9

TAKSİM SQUARE

mist and water display new opera house axis open-air theatre and metro connection

Taksim Monument axis

19

a b c d

LIGHTING

gathering area

TAKSİM REPUBLIC MONUMENT

18

ATATÜRK CULTURAL CENTER

MAKSEM

green buffer of Maksem

PROPOSED TAKSİM SQUARE ACTIVITIES 0

0 5 1

±

20

30

1

Linear lighting in the bottom of the boundary along the bridge

2

Bollards (80cm high) for lighting

3

Indirect lighting coming from the museum and the porch of the subway exit and public lighting included in the ceiling of the porch of the Taksim Museum

4

Specific light for the fountain inside and outside the water. This point will need a specific artistic lighting project

5-6

Linear lighting suspended in a steel structure at 7 meters high. Double asymmetric lighting to illuminate both sides of the line.

The interior space between the two parallel lines will become a specific space for artistic lighting during the Christmas holidays and particular events during the year

7

Indirect lighting coming from the building and commercial activities in addition to a specific public linear lighting oriented towards the square from the roof of the ramp

8

linear led lighting was embedded in the square’s pavement and architectural street lamps for a general illumination during the winter snow.

9

Lighting of the facade of Maksem will enhance the nightscape of the historical building. The illumination of the façade will pro duce an excellent scenography for the square and will indirectly illuminate the public space. Besides, some architectonic street lamps will be placed along the bench.

10

Specific lighting for the monument

11

Linear led lighting under the seat of the new circular bench around the monument.

12

Indirect lighting will come from the inside of the subway exit; also, public linear lighting will be embedded in the entrances’ exterior ceiling.

13

Linear lighting embedded in the bottom of the steps

14

Linear led lighting embedded under the handrail of the pedestrian ramp

15

Linear led lighting embedded under the railing of the parapet

16

Digital screen (50mtx2mt). It will need a specific artistic design

17

Artistic multimedia and interactive lighting and music installation. It will require specific artistic intervention.

18

Lighting sculptural towers to be used during crowded events and manifestations

19

Lighting inside water clouds coming from the pavement. This point needs a specific artistic intervention

20

Linear led lighting embedded in the pavement.

21

Soft lighting embedded in the bottom of every tree illuminating the foliage

22

Indirect lighting will come to form the interior of the Greenhouse; also, there will be specific public lighting in the exterior ceiling of the entrance and the bottom of the linear bench along all the perimeter of the platform

23

Linear LEDs embedded under the steps

24

linear led lighting along the square blocks containing the trees

25

Soft multimedia and interactive lighting under the water illuminating the foliage of the surrounding vegetation.

27

Linear LEDs along the border of some blocks of the Greenhouse

28

Linear led lighting under the bench along the perimeter.

29

Linear lighting to underline the connection between the East and West side of the park

rs mete 26 40 Street lamps in two different elevations for the street and the pedestrian walkway