Balancing Cubes Kosuke Ino AIM 705 MArch 2 Studio 2 Simon Beames / Luke Engleback
Final Proposition architectural proposal in relation to forest and community Final images are illustrated to demonstrate how proposition alter the e x i s t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t . M o r e o v e r, t h e relationship with forest and community is proposed through key views and drawings.
Proposition as Landscape veiw from the existing route
Proposition as Landscape veiw from the existing route
1
2
3
4
1. accommodation 2. scientific research centre 3. food production 4. energy plant
N
Roof Plan
community settlement and measurement devices distribution
2.5m
5m
10m
20m
Section
the occupation of proposition
Threshold
semi-exterior space created by angled facade and existing tree
Threshold
entrance of accommodation
Scientific Tower
with measurement devices
Elevation
entrance and translucent facade
South Elevation
initial form of proposition with current occupation of trees
South Elevation
second form of proposition with exposed edge condition
South Elevation
third form of proposition with enclosed edge condition
Entrance
model photo of threshold space
Access and Void
model photo of void space
Plan View
model photo of plan for scientific lab and accommodation
Perspective View
model photo of plan for scientific lab and accommodation
Obscure Ambience
lighting quality created by structure and translucent facade
Introduction retro innovation The project is initiated with traditional J a p a n e s e p a g o d a i n w h i c h re c i p ro c a l relationship between nature and architecture is embedded. This led to the concept of flexibility in architecture. The investigation is developed through retro innovation: gyroscope and wood joint.
Design Manifesto: Nature constantly changes and transforms over the time, and it influences living environments for animals, plants, and humans. Additionally, people’s lifestyles also alter in response to natural changes. The conventional relationship between changing nature and architecture was not necessarily reciprocal. The structure provides rigidity against nature by having foundation under the ground and this basic structure will remain the same in spite of transient demands. Nevertheless, this relationship could be reinterpreted. In this sense, Japanese traditional architecture offers flexibility as opposed to rigidity. The five-storey pagoda in Kyoto consists of wooden structure which keeps its balance by itself, and this allows the building to stand without foundations. This flexible structure adapts to natural forces of wind and earthquake. This led to the concept of flexibility in architecture as an intervention between nature and architecture. Therefore, the project develops through investigation of how architecture with flexible / non-rigid structure adapts and responds to changing natural conditions and community’s needs. The project focuses on natural changes in the Ashdown Forest, particularly, the movement of the edges between woodland and heathland. This balance plays a significant role in ecosystem in the forest. The forest edge moves due to management of the forest and invasion of woods. As a result, the living environments in the same area will alter over the time, for instance, wind, ground, and lighting conditions. The site is located along the edge where drastic changes of natural conditions will be experienced over the time. The scientist community will be settled in the Ashdown forest with the ambition of self-sufficient lifestyle in the forest. They aim to investigate natural changing condition of the site and utilise collected data in order to increase their self-sufficiency. Their lifestyles should change and adapt to different stages of the forest to optimise surrounding environments. The project challenges the adaptability of architecture into transient edge conditions and community’s lifestyle. The architectural proposition has been developed through the exploration of primitive form of cube, which helps to understand irregularity of forest in relation to regular forms. The potential of balancing cube standing on the edge is investigated as flexible structure to establish reciprocal relationship between architecture and changing entities of nature and community.
Project Manifesto
the comparison between conventional building and flexible structure
Japanese Pagoda
self-balancing structure against wind and earthquake standing on the stone
vertical foces gravity live load (occupation, people) dead load (self weight of structure)
F1 additional weight that restrains the tip floor acting as a counterweight
horizontal forces
supporting point of the pendulum
earthquake wind
F2
F3
weight of central column that provides additional stabilisation against wind
F3
roof at 5th floor = F3 a
b
c
a
b
4th floor = F4
C1
C1
C1
C1
C1
C2
C2
C1
C1
C2
C2
C1
central column (pendulm)
d
e
f
d
e
C1
wind
3rd floor = F5 g
h
i
C1
C1
C1
The load of the building is supported by outer 12 columns (C1) and inner 4 columns(C2)
g
h
F1 + F2 F3
2nd floor = F6 weights of upper floors
j
k
l
k
a
j
weights of tiles and eaves
1st floor m
n
supporting point
o
n
m
= F7
C1
b
C2
c
C1 (5th) =
F3(a²+4ab+b²) 24b
C2 (5th) =
F3(a²+b²+ab) + 8b
C2
b
C1
F1 + F2
4
a
+
F3(a+b+c/2) 2
*other calculations will be in appendix pendulum shake
structure on the stone
F8
F9
earthquake
Initial Balancing Model
the balancing principle from Japanese Pagoda
Wood Joint Investigation
connections and locking system in different forms
The Relationship between Japanese Traditional Architecture and Nature the joint of structure and connection to the ground
Gyroscope and Gyroscopic Balancing Cube potential self-balance device
the axis is parallel to gravity without external forces gyroscope procession
angular momentum
angular momentum
spinning object creates force (angular momentum)
angular momentum
this force helps the structure to stay oriented if the axis is parallel to the gravity
gravity
the direction of angular momentum depends on rotational direction of spinning wheel (upper direction with anti-clockwise spinnings, vice versa)
the force increases as spinning speed increases, which means the structure becomes more stable.
gravity
gravity
gravity
angular momentum
gyroscope procession caused by external forces gyroscope procession
angular momentum
angular momentum
the torque created by external force tips the structure
F
angular momentum
the resultant vector of angular momentum and torque result in gyroscope procession
the structure trys to rotate due to the gravity this creates anoter torque the force is created when external force is applied to structure.
torque
gravity
gravity
the direction of torque would be orthogonal to that of external force
gravity
torque
gyroscopic balancing system
F
three spinning wheels create angular momentum in different directions the speed of spinning wheels is adjusted to create resultant force perpendicular to the ground
One of wheel spins faster than the others to compensate external force
angular momentum 2
The increased angular momentum is equal to applied external force
sensor
angular momentum 3
angular momentum 1 resultant angular momentum
If force is applied to the cube, sensor measures the angular velocity of the structure, which coordinates the spinning wheels.
increased angular momentum angular momentum
The Mechanism of Balancing Structure the gyroscopic support in cube
resultant angular momentum
Retro Innovation of Balancing Cube
the combination of traditional skill of Japanese joint and modern technology of gyroscopic system
wind
ground condition
10
10
14
12
12
14
16
10
12
14
16
16 18
8
18
8
18
8
16 16
light
10
16
14
10 10
14 12
14 12
Environmental Impact of Structure
influences on surroundings from cubes in different positions
12
Installation of Cubes in the Forest performing adaptability to wind in the forest
Totem with Joint System connection in different material
Totem in the site
leading people to shelter space from wind
Site Investigation forest edge movement Site Investigation focuses on natural changing conditions resulted from forest edge movement in the Ashdown forest. Research is conducted to different stages of the forest over the time as well a s c u r re n t e n v i ro n m e n t s . T h i s a i m s t o specify natural changes in the site for architectural proposition to adapt.
Forest Edge
Edge movement in the Ashdown Forest
N
0
500
1000
pale
2000m
tree/scrub clearance
main roads site boundary
Ashdown Forest Boundary scale 1:30000
Ashdown forest boundary
woodland heathland
168m 168m
N
1ha
0
100
200
500
1000m Woodland
Site Boundary
the edge of woodland scale 1:10000
Heathland
1870
1890
1910
history map
boundary changes between woodland and heathland
expanded boundary woodland boundary boundary of previous year
increase and decrease of woodland
woodland increased woodland decreased woodland
Transformation of Forest Edge from 1870 to 2016
1960
2016
Silver Birch
Scots Pine
5 years
10 years
15 years
0m
15
20 years
3 years
10 years
15 5m
15 5m
3 years
0m
16
5m
30 years
40 years
0m
0m
16
5m
16
16
16
20 years
15 5m
0m
15
5m
m 170
170
m
170
m
16
site
site
175m
175m
175m
site
Site Occupation
Silver Birches and Scots Pine
Scots Pine
195m
Gorse
Birch
190m
Bracken
185m
current site occupation
180m
195m
190m
185m
180m
195m
190m
185m
180m
site occupation when birches are coppiced / die out
site occupation when birches invade the Heathland
185m 180m 175m
185m 180m 175m
185m 180m 175m
0
Topography and Ground Condition section in different stages of forest
10
20
50m
wood occupation when Birches are managed, coppiced, or died out
wood occupation in the current term
wind analysis when Birches are managed, coppiced, or died out
wind analysis in the current term
Change of Environmental Conditions wood occupation and wind
wood occupation when birches are invaded into Heath land
wind analysis when birches are invaded into Heath land
shadows in summer time when Birches are managed, coppiced, or died out
shadows in summer time in the current term
shadows in winter time when Birches are managed, coppiced, or died out
shadows in winter time in the current term
Change of Environmental Conditions light and shadow in summer and winter
shadows in summer time when birches are invaded into Heath land
shadows in winter time when birches are invaded into Heath land
Community scientific forest research and self-sufficient lifestyle S e l f s u ff i c i e n t s c i e n t i s t s c o m m u n i t y i s settled in the Ashdown forest. Their l i f e s t y l e w o u l d d e v e l o p a c c o rd i n g t o surrounding environments and data of the forest they collect. Their measurement methods and functional needs for transient lifestyle are investigated.
tori 6000 m² the proposal
lammas eco village tori for use science base 2248 m²
4526 m²
3000 m² for 22 people
sleeping module
sleeping module
5119 m²
command module
2248 m²
living module
generators and plant module
service link
generators and plant module
science module
science module 0
642m²
1115m²
321m²
642m²
accommodation
social core
office
science
80m²
107m² 214m²
558m²
recreation
social communication
reception
meeting
for 30 people
for 16 people
for 30 people
321m²
research data collection
eating food preparation
Programme: Self-Sufficient Community floor areas compared with precedent
5
10
1115m²
food production
20m
321m²
storage
642m²
engergy plant
107m²
wastes materialsequipments
2.5m Gird System in the site Forest Investigation Method
5m
10m
20m
N
anemometer
thermometer hygrometer
rain gauge
albedometer
sunphotometer
35m
5m
Sonic anemometer
10m
10m
10m
Scientific Tower
Forest Investigation Devices
20m
Design Development primitive form: cube
Cube is explored as a primitive form in relation to irregularity of the forest. Forms with regularity helps to understand and measure changing entities of the forest. Design of proposition is developed based on hypothesis: the systems through regularity allow architecture to have flexibility and adaptability to irregularity.
1 2 3 4 5
1
axonometric
plan
elevation (front)
elevation (left)
Cube Investigation
varieties of floor areas in different levels
2
3
4
5
main space
core space
sub space
irregular space
sub space surplus space
Cube Investigation
application of Diamond House by John Hajduk into cubes
grey space
Cube Investigation options for scale of cubes
N
Initial Master Plan
scientific tower, accommodation, and energy plant
2.5m
5m
10m
20m
3 1 4 2
1. accessible entrance from footpath 2. semi exterior space under the tree and facade
5
3. gyroscopes are visible from the public
4. windows facing down to the public space, interaction with reception and outside
5
6
7
5. windows for natural light on facing up facades
8
6. large meeting and presentation space in maximum floor area in the cube
7. windows facing down to the public space, interaction with reception and outside
10 9 11
8. semi interior void space 9. initmate scale meeting floor 10. windows crop the view of tree line
11. void for lighting and circulation of people Initial plan
floor plans of cube in different levels
12
12. access to upper floor
N
2.5m
Threshold
initial proposal of threshold between forest and proposition
5m
Initial section of scientific tower
form which optimise balancing gyroscopic system
double single
south elevation
east elevation
the structure shares one side of cube
unlike south and north sides, the structure still relies on gyroscope for structure to be stable
it creates triangular structure which resist horizontal force it reduces electricity for gyroscope south elevation
east elevation
dead load
the balance of structure completely relies on gyroscope
the balance of structure is completely rely on gyroscope
it requires great amount of electricity
it requires great amount of electricity
monocoque structure takes loads from the structure above
wind
output amplified electricity measure angular velocity
dead load
mpletely rely
monocoque structure takes loads from the structure above
live load the structure tries to rotate when live loads from wind and people are applied
ectricity
live load
dead load the sensor measures angular velocity of structure, and it outputs amplified electricity to each wheels. This compensates the force
the structure takes loads individually
the wheels spin same as the single cube
the triangular structure reinforces the strength
but it needs less energy due to structural support of two cubes
tput amplified electricity
sor measures angular velocity of structure, and ts amplified electricity to each wheels. This sates the force
south and east elevations In both sides, the structure of each cube supports each other by having triangular form
with this form, the gyroscopes do not need to spin due to structural support except live loads are applied
plan
plan
the structure become stable with four connecting points on the ground
Form Development
load distribution and structural support in multuple cubes
elevation 1 more structural supports as the structure is extended
elevation 2
Spatial and Structural Extension additional structure over the time
plan
elevation
perspective
The Range of Extensions
potential spatial and structural development
plan multiple cubes
access structural support
Technical Research light weight timber structure
Technical research is conducted to help t o d e f i n e f o r m s o f p ro p o s i t i o n . L i g h t weight timber structure is investigated in addition to gyroscopic system. This aims to address technical issues for specific forms of proposal, additionally, t o m i n i m i s e e n v i ro n m e n t a l i m p a c t o n surroundings.
1
2
5
4
3
6
7
9
8
10
11
weight of structure (kg)
light 2
5
11
7
9
8
3
10
6
4
1
stress (MPa)
strong 3
11
4
6
1
8
6
3
7
9
5
2
5
9
8
10
7
1
2
the range of displacement (cm)
minimam 11
10
4
Investigation on monocoque structure
structural patterns and evaluation of own weigh, stress, and displacement
heavy
weak
maximum
1 2 3 (break)
1 2 3 4 5 6 (break)
snap1 snap2
deform
snap4
snap3
deform
snap1 snap2
snap snap
support
snap
1 3
snap
1 3 1 3
snap
snap snap
support snap snap
support snap
1 3
snap
1 3 1 3
snap 1 3
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8+
1 3
6 (break)
snap
snap
1 3
1,2,3,4,5
snap
snap
snap
snap
more density
snap snap
7
support
snap 1 3
snap1
snap snap2 snap
1 3
snap3
1 3
snap
snap snap
snap
6mm snap
more density
snap
snap
snap
6mm
snap
2mm
snap
snap snap
Pressure Test
6mm
defining essential members to support the structure
snap
snap
snap
10000
d
5
e
a
4
b c
3
e
1
f
9
h
f
4
d
3
i
g
g 7
2 5
9
1
6
200mm thickness
ⅱ
6
2
7
j
ⅰ
8
300mm thickness ⅰ
h
9
ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ
i
j
ⅲ
ⅳ
Construction Method CNC pre-cut and Joint System
3000
c
b
100mm thickness
a
8
joint: stone + timber shock absorber: D30 epoxy grovt
800 1200
steel pile cap
1200
16000
steel screw pile
650 1200
Foundation
minimising impact on surroundings from foundation