Krushi Vigyan November 2022

kdsp¡g Mpsf A¡V$g¡ iy„ ?

S>y_ 1975_p L$©rj rhop__p A„L$dp„ Ap¡R>p Mpsfp¡ lp¡e sp¡ `|{„ hmsf L$¡d d¡mhhy„ A\hp sp¡ kdsp¡g Mpsf A¡V$g¡ iy„ ? s¡_u hps gMu lsu s¡ ApS>¡ `Z âõsys R>¡, rdÓp¡ L$©rjrhop_ crhóe_u M¡su dpV$¡ dprlsu Ap`sy„ fl¡ R>¡ s¡ Ap g¡M hp„Qu_¡ sd_¡ \i¡. "Ap¡R>p Mpsfp¡ lp¡e sp¡ `|{„ hmsf L$¡d d¡mhhy„ ? NyS>fps_p dp¡V$p cpNdp„ DÐ`pv$L$sp Ap¡R>u M¡X$|sp¡ `pk¡ fpkperZL$ Mpsfp¡ Mfu v$hp d|X$u _ lp¡e s¡ õhpcprhL$ R>¡ A_¡ OZp M¡X$|sp¡ A¡d dp_sp lp¡e R>¡ L$¡ Nep hj£ Mpsf _p¿ey„ lsy„ A_¡ s¡dp„\u DÐ`pv$_ sp¡ L$pC dþey„ _\u dpV$¡ Ap hj£ Mpsf _ _pMuA¡ sp¡ Qpgi¡? `f„sy A¡V$gy„ kdÆ g¡hp_y„ S>ê$fu R>¡ L$¡ Å¡ Ap hj£ sdp¡ fkperZL$v$¡iu Mpsfp¡ S>du_dp„ _rl _pMp¡ sp¡ Aphsp hj£ DÐ`pv$_ OV$i¡ dpV$¡ `©Õ\L$fZ L$fphu_¡ Mpsf Mfuv$ip¡. Apd L$fhp\u âdpZdp„ sdp¡_¡ h^y apev$p¡ dmi¡. `f„sy Ap hMs¡ A¡V$gy„ Ýep_dp„ fpMÅ¡ L$¡ Mpsfp¡ Ap`hp_y„ S>¡ âdpZ R>¡ s¡dp„\u A¡L$ s©Ðep„k\u Ap¡R>y„ âdpZ _pMsp _rl A¡V$g¡ L$¡ 1/3 S>Õ\p¡ sp¡ Nd¡ s¡d L$fu_¡ `|fp¡ L$fip¡. Mpsfp¡ L$¡V$gp âdpZdp„ _pMhp s¡ ÅZhp dpV$¡ sdpf¡ sdpfu S>du__y„ `©Õ\L$fZ L$fphu g¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. `©Õ\L$fZ L$fpìep rh_p Ap`Z¡ Mpsfp¡ _pMuA¡ R>uA¡ A¡_¡ `rfZpd¡ b_¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ L$¡ S>¡ S>du_dp„ Ap¡R>p Mpsfp¡- sÐhp¡_u S>ê$fueps lp¡e Ðep„ h^y Mpsfp¡ sÐhp¡ _pMu v$CA¡ R>uA¡ _¡ A¡ fus¡ _pZp_p¡ bNpX$ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. _bmp hj®dp„ `¥kp_p¡ bNpX$ L$fhp¡ Ap`Z_¡ `p¡jpe s¡d _\u dpV$¡ S>du__y„ `©Õ\L$fZ L$fphu g¡hy kp¥_p rlsdp„ R>¡. kdsp¡g Mpsfp¡ dp¡„Op `X$sp _\u. kdsp¡g Mpsfp¡ _pMhp_u hps Å¡fip¡f\u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ sp¡ `Z M¡X$|sp¡ kdsp¡g Mpsfp¡ _pMsp _\u. ApX$¡^X$ Mpsfp¡ _p¿ep L$f¡ R>¡

S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ `|{„ hmsf dmsy„ _\u. OZu hMs M¡X$|sp¡ A¡d kdS>¡ R>¡ L$¡ kdsp¡g Mpsfp¡ A¡V$g¡ bTpfdp„ dmsp rdî Mpsfp¡ `f„sy s¡d _\u. kdsp¡g Mpsf sp¡ A¡_¡ L$l¡hpe L$¡ sdpfu S>du__y„ `©Õ\L$fZ L$fphp¡ A_¡ sdp¡ S>¡ `pL$ hphhp dp„Nsp lp¡e s¡ `pL$_¡ L$ép„ L$ép„ sÐhp¡ L$¡V$gp âdpZdp„ Å¡CA¡ R>¡ Ap b„_¡ hõsy ÅZu_¡ S>¡ sÐhp¡ sdpfu S>du_dp„ OV$ lp¡e s¡V$gp âdpZdp„ _pMp¡ s¡_y„ _pd kdsp¡g Mpsf _p¿ey„ L$l¡hpe. Apdp„ Np¥Z sÐh _pMhp `X$¡ sp¡ s¡ _pMp¡ _¡ dy¿e sÐh _pMhp `X$¡ sp¡ s¡ _pMp¡. Ap b^y„ rhQpfu_¡ Ap hj£ Mpsf _pMip¡.

Ap A„L$dp„ N„Np-5 dL$pC_u ip¡^_p `Z kdpQpf S>y_1975 dp„ R>`pep lsp s¡ `Z hp„Qp¡. "bdZp¡ `pL$ Ap`su dL$pC' sprdg_pX$y su{_¡gh¡gu Ɖpdp„ hp‰p_pv$y„ Mps¡_p rL$‰uL$ygd rbepfZ L$¡ÞÖ¡ k„L$f dL$pC_u A¡L$ _hu Ås "N„Np-5' s¥epf L$fu R>¡. Ap _hu Ås_p rbepfZ A¡L$ A¡L$f¡ 1250 rL$gp¡ S>¡V$gp¡ `pL$ Dsf¡ R>¡. `f„sy ìep`pfu ^p¡fZ¡ s¡_y„ hph¡sf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ dL$pC_u kpdpÞe Åsp¡ L$fsp bdZp¡-A¡L$f v$uW$ 2000 rL$gp¡ N°pd `pL$ Dsfu iL$¡ A¡d R>¡. Ap `pL$_¡ kpdpÞe Ås_u S>¡d s¥epf \sp 100 rv$hk gpN¡ R>¡.' (lh¡ sp¡ _hu Åsp¡ Aphu NC R>¡)

www. krushivigyan.com www.facebook.com/krushivigyan kvrajkot@gmail.com

ખેડૂતો માટે ૩૯૯/૧૦૯૯/૧૮૯૯/-

L$©rj rhop_ S>y_p A„L$p¡dp„\u : kdsp¡g Mpsf A¡V$g¡ iy„ ? 5

Ly$v$fs_u L$¡X$uA¡: `iy-âpZuAp¡_u âL$©rÑv$s _hsf Mpkuesp¡ 7

L$©rj eyr_hk}$V$u_p Üpf¡\u 10 d¡f¡ v$¡i L$u ^fsu : Mp¡fpL$_p _yL$kp_ A_¡ bNpX$_u kdõep 11

L$©rj op_: riepmy„ `pL$_u rhrh^ S>¥rhL$ ÅZL$pfu 13

apd® CÞ`yV: X$y„Nmu_u M¡su d[ëQ„Ndp„ bç`f DÐ`pv$_ d¡mhp¡ 14

L©$rj V$¡L$_p¡gp¡Æ 15

Mpsf_p¡ D`ep¡N: Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp_p D`pep¡ 16 rL$V$_piL : L$uV$_piL$ fkpeZp¡_p rhrh^ õhê$`p¡ 19

L$p¡V$_ auëX$ fu`p¡V®$ fpku r_ep¡ - fpku d¡ÆL$_p¡ Åvy$ 22 rbÁNu_¡ dýep¡ d¡X$g-L$`pk_p¡ rhS>e 23

સંસ્ા માટે ૭૯૯/૨૧૯૯/૩૭૯૮/-

Advertisement Size : Full Page : 16x22 cm Half Page ( Horizontal) : 16 x 10 cm Half Page (Vertical) : 7.5 x 22 cm Quarter Page : 7.5 x 10 cm

AÆs-155 L$`pk \pe cf`|f 24 r_^u kuX$¹k gph¡ R>¡ L$`pk_p rbepfZp¡ 25 drlL$p¡ L$`pk \pe S„>Nu Ap`¡ ^_v$¡h 26 L$s®ìe kuX$¹k_p¡ kuspfp¡ L$`pk N¡g¡L$ku 27 hl¡gu A_¡ kQp¡V$ DÐ`pv$_ A¡V$g¡ A_¡fu 28 A¡N°uV$p¡` L$`pk A¡V$g¡ V$p¡` L$`pk 29 dp¡np A_¡ L$p¡V$b¢L$ M¡X|$sp¡_u `k„v$ 30 _„vy$ _p¡ k„v$¡i L$pL$pÆ hphÅ¡. 31 hl¡gu A_¡ TX$`u `pL$su Ås A¡V$g¡ h„X$fL$p¡V$ L$`pk 32

Y$p¡gue¡ b¡W$p 33

V$QyL$X$u 34

All rights reserved Reproduction without prior permission of the publisher is expressly prohibited. The Publisher makes every efforts to ensure that the magazine's contents are correct. However, we accept no effect thereof. The opinions expressed by experts are their own and in no way reflect that of the publisher.

Printed Published and owned by : Smt. M. P. Patel, Published from 47-B, Panchvati society, Rajkot-1 and Printed at Gujarat Printers, Rajkot, Editor : Smt. M. P. Patel

Ap¡V$g¡ b¡W$p 35 kp¡iueg duX$uep `f `Z hp„Qp¡.

`ep®hfZdp„ A_¡ Ap`Zp kp¥_u Apk`pk L$¡V$gpe _p_p-dp¡V$p `iy-`nu A_¡ Æh-S>„syAp¡ hk¡gp R>¡. A¡dp„_p L$¡V$gpL$ kp\¡ sp¡ Ap`Z¡ NpY `rfQedp„ R>uA¡. âL$©rsA¡ A¡ kp¥_¡ S>¡ `rf[õ\rsdp„ fl¡hp_p¡ A_¡ Æhhp_p¡ Apv$¡i Ap`¡gp¡ R>¡ Ðep„ s¡ b^p_¡ S>ê$fu Mp¡fpL$, A¡_¡ aph¡ s¡hy„ fl¡ZpL$, S>{fu k„fnZ A_¡ âS>__ A„N¡_u kyrh^pAp¡ Ap`u R>¡. `R>u âkßsp\u kp¥ Æh_ NyÅfp¡ L$fu iL$¡ s¡ dpV$¡ \C_¡ âL$©rsA¡ L$¡V$guL$ Mpk v$fL$pf `Z gu^¡gu S>Zpe R>¡. A¡L$ dpZk rkhpe_p AÞe Æhp¡A¡ dp¡V$¡cpN¡ âL$©rs_p Apv$¡ip¡_¡ A_ykfu_¡ S> Æh_ Æhhp_y„ lp¡e R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S>¡ s¡ Æh_¡ L$¡hu L$¡hu S>ê$rfeps fl¡hp_u R>¡ A¡_u bfpbf_u M¡h_p L$fu_¡ v$f¡L$ hN®_p `iy-âpZu_¡ s¡Ap¡_p ipfurfL$ A„N-D`p„Np¡dp„ S>ê$fu a¡fapfp¡ A_¡ rhriôspAp¡ `Z bnu R>¡. `Z Äepf¡ Å_hf_p¡ L$p¡B hN® AÞe âpZu-hN®\u S>yv$p `X$sp ipfurfL$ OpV$O|V$ hpmp¡ Ap`Zu _S>f¡ QX$¡ Ðepf¡ kl¡S>¡ Ap`Zp d_dp„ Hs¡Åfu D`[õ\s \B S>su lp¡e R>¡ L$¡ Aphy„ L$¡d ? Å_hf_p A¡ hN®_¡ A¡hp¡ Agpev$p¡ A_¡ rhriô ipfurfL$ a¡fapf Ap`hp `pR>m_p¡ âL$©rs_p¡ DØ¡i iy„ li¡ ? Ap`Zp fl¡ZpL$u rhõspfp¡ (NpdX$p„-il¡fp¡)M¡X$|sp¡_p M¡sf- hpX$uAp¡ A_¡ ^pf-V$¡L$fp L$¡ S>„Ng rhõspfp¡dp„ Npe-c¢i A_¡ O¡V$p„-bL$fp„ hN®, Op¡X$p-

N^¡X$p„ L$¡ L$|sfp„-rbgpX$p hN®, Af¡ ApNm h^u_¡ S>„Ngdp„ hk_pfp lfZp„-riepmhp A_¡ kkgp„, hpO-h{-tkl-Æfpa S>¡hp âpZuAp¡_p ifuf_p bp„^p bpbs¡ _S>f L$fiy„ sp¡ s¡_p A„N-D`p„Np¡dp„ AÞep¡ L$fsp„ EX$u_¡ Ap„M¡ hmN¡ A¡hp a¡fapfp¡ âL$©rs sfa\u A`pA¡gp R>¡ s¡ cmpep rh_p _l] fl¡. Qpgp¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡ kdS>hp_u L$p¡rii L$fuA¡ L$¡ âL$©rsA¡ Aphy„ ip dpV$¡ L$ey¯ li¡ ? v$p.s... (1)L$¡V$gpL$ `iyAp¡ "hpN¡m¡' R>¡, Äepf¡ L$¡V$gpL$ "hpNp¡msp' _\u.

Npe-c¢i-bL$fp„-KV$-lfZp„ S>¡hp hN®_p âpZuAp¡ "s©Zplpfu âpZuAp¡' NZpe. A¡dZ¡ L$p¡B_¡ L$p¡B h_õ`rs S>Þe Aplpf Mphp_p¡ lp¡e R>¡. hmu Ap hN®_p âpZuAp¡ riL$pfu hN®_p âpZuAp¡_u kfMpdZuA¡ õhcph¡ Akp¡m-kp¡Å A_¡ ip„s lp¡e R>¡. riL$pfu hN®_p âpZuAp¡ sp¡ lp¡e R>¡ b^p "dp„kplpfu' ! A¡ kss gpN S> Å¡B füp lp¡e R>¡ L$¡ L$épf¡ s©Zplpfu Å_hf _S>f¡ QX$¡ A_¡ L$épf¡ ly„ sfp` dpfu v$bp¡Qu gJ ? A¡V$g¡ s©Zplpfu âpZuAp¡ riL$pfuAp¡_u _S>f\u bQsp„ bQsp„ S> S>du_ `f\u TV$ TV$ Opk `|k Qfhp-Mphp_u Dsphmdp„ lp¡e R>¡, A_¡ ApV$gu Dsphm¡ Mp¡fpL$_¡ Qphu_¡ TuZp¡ L$fu `¡V$dp„ `^fphu iL$pe A¡hu sp¡ âL$©rsA¡ s¡Ap¡_¡ kNhX$ S> Ap`u _\u. Ap hN®_p âpZuAp¡_¡ dp¡Ypdp„

dpÓ _uQgp S>X$bpdp„ S> v$p„s Aph¡gp lp¡e R>¡. D`gp cpN¡ sp¡ lp¡e R>¡ dpÓ `¡Yp S>! A¡V$g¡ Aphu ce cf¡gu `rf[õ\rsdp„ Mp¡fpL$_¡ Qphu_¡ TuZp¡ L$fhp Mp¡V$u \hy„ A¡_¡ \p¡X$y„ `pgh¡ ? A¡hy„ L$fhp Åe sp¡ sp¡ OZp¡ kde gpNu Åe A_¡ Ap sL$_p¡ gpc gC, gpN Å¡B fl¡gp L$p¡B riL$pfu âpZu v$bp¡Qu g¡ sp¡ sp¡ s©Zplpfu Æh_¡ dfhp_pAp¡ S> hpfp¡ Aphu Åe _¡ ? dpV$¡ S> âL$©rsA¡ Aphp Å_hfp¡_p `¡V$_u fQ_p S> A¡hp âL$pf_u L$fu R>¡ L$¡ S>¡ Opk `|k Mphp_y„ lp¡e s¡ â\d TV$ TV$ ApMpcpNy MpB g¡hp_y„ A_¡ `R>u Äepf¡ kgpds õ\m A_¡ r_fp„s_p¡ kde dm¡ Ðepf¡ A^L$Qfp¡ QhpA¡g Mp¡fpL$ `¡V$dp„\u dp¡Ypdp„ `pR>p¡ gphu, dp¡Yp dpügp _uQgp v$p„s A_¡ D`f_p kMs `¡Yp hÃQ¡ v$bphu-QphuA¡L$v$d TuZp¡ L$fu `R>u S> `Qhp dpV$¡ ApNm ^L$¡g¡ R>¡. MhpA¡g Mp¡fpL$_¡ `¡V$dp„\u `pR>p¡ dp¡Ypdp„ gphu afuhpf Qphu_¡ TuZp¡ b_phhp_u r¾$ep_¡ "hpNp¡mhy„' L$l¡ R>¡. âL$©rsA¡ Aphp `iyAp¡_p `¡V$dp„ Qpf Mp_p Apàep„ R>¡. Äepf¡ `iy hNX$pdp„ Opk Qfsy„ lp¡e L$¡ Npe-bmv$-c¢i S>¡hp `pgsy `iyAp¡ NdpZdp„ _uf¡g _ufZ Mpsy„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ â\d ApMycpNy Qphu `¡V$_p `l¡gp Mp_p ({d¡_) dp„ ^L$¡gu v$¡ R>¡. Ap Mp_pdp„ Å_hf BÃR>¡ Ðep„ ky^u Mp¡fpL$ `X$u fl¡sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. Ðep„\u A¡ Mp¡fpL$ `¡V$_p buÅ Mp_p (f¡V$uL$éygd}$dp„ Åe R>¡ A_¡ Ðep„ s¡_p `f L$¡V$gpL$ `pQL$ fkp¡ cm¡, A_¡ A¡ Mp¡fpL$_p Np¡mp b_¡ R>¡. A_¡ Äepf¡ Å_hf kgpds õ\m¡ r_fp„s A_ych¡ Ðepf¡ Ap buÅ Mp_pdp„ Mp¡fpL$_p S>¡ Np¡mp `X$¡gp R>¡ s¡_¡ dp¡Ypdp„ `pR>p gph¡ A_¡ bfpbf Qphu TuZp¡ b_phu ApNm ÓuÅ Mp_p (Ap¡d¡S>d)bpS>y ^L$¡g¡ R>¡. Ap ÓuÅ Mp_pdp„ A¡L$ NmZu S>¡hy„ auëV$f lp¡e R>¡, S>¡dp„\u Mp¡fpL$ `kpf \sp„ s¡dp„ L$p¡B dp¡V$p L$p„L$fp,Qy„L$y„, QpdX$p_p V$yL$X$p, L$¡ àgp[õV$L$_p L$pNm S>¡hu AiyrÙAp¡ c¡mu Aphu Ne¡g lp¡e sp¡ s¡ Al] AV$L$u Åe R>¡. A_¡ R>¡‰¡ Mp¡fpL$ Qp¡\p Mp_p (A¡bp¡d¡S>d)dp„ `lp¡„Qu `Qhp_u r¾$ep iê$ L$f¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ Op¡X$p-N^¡X$p S>¡hp `iyAp¡ A¡L$g`¡V$p A¡V$g¡ L$¡ A¡_p `¡V$dp„ Aphp rhcpNp¡ lp¡sp _\u. A_¡ Aphp `iyAp¡_¡ dp¡Ypdp„ D`gp-_uQgp bß¡ TX$bpdp„ v$p„s_u kNhX$ âL$©rsA¡ bn¡gu lp¡B, Aphp Å_hfp¡

`l¡g¡\u S> Mp¡fpL$_¡ TuZp¡ Qphu_¡ `¡V$dp„ ^L$¡ghp knd lp¡e R>¡. `Z sd¡ dpL$® L$fip¡ sp¡ S>Zpi¡ L$¡ Op¡X$p-N^¡X$p_u gpv$ Npe-c¢i_p Np¡bf S>¡V$gu QhpB_¡ bpfuL$-dygped b_¡gu _l], `Z L$yQp L$yQp (L$y„hm_p TuZp V$yL$X$p S>¡hu) S>¡hu lp¡e R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡ Apd_¡ Mp^¡g Mp¡fpL$ `pR>p¡ gphu hpNp¡mhp_u kNhX$ âL$©rsA¡ ^fu S> _\u. A_¡ A¡ Ap`hp_y„ A¡V$gp dpV$¡ _l] rhQpey¯ lp¡e L$¡ Ap `iyAp¡ v$p¡X$hpdp„ lp¡_lpf lp¡hp\u L$p¡B riL$pfu_p `„Ådp„ TV$ v$C_¡ `L$X$pB S>hp_u buL$ Apd_¡ lp¡su _\u !

(2) L$¡V$gpL$ `iyAp¡_p `N_u "Mfu' apV$¡gu L$¡d lp¡e R>¡ ? S>¡ `iyAp¡_¡ k„Å¡Nhips L$pv$h-L$uQX$dp„ Qpghp_y„ \pe sp¡ s¡ rh_p rhÂ_¡ Qpgu iL$¡ A¡ A\£ âL$©rsA¡ Ap`¡gu A¡ Mpk kNhX$ R>¡. v$p.s. Ap`Zp M¡sfhpX$uAp¡dp„ hphrZe¡ S>|s¡gp bmrv$ep Üpfp cu_u S>du_dp„ buS>hphZu_y„ L$pd L$fphsp lp¡BA¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ h^y `X$sp A¡V$gp dpV$¡ S> My„Qu _\u S>sp L$¡ s¡d_p `N_u MfuAp¡ apV$¡gu R>¡. A¡dp„ b_sy„ lp¡e R>¡ A¡hy„ L$¡ Äepf¡ L$pv$hL$uQX$dp„ lpghp_y„ \pe Ðepf¡ `N_u Mfu `f ifuf_y„ hS>_ Aphsp„ Mfu_p„ b¡ aprX$ep„ `lp¡mp `X$¡ R>¡, bß¡ aprX$ep„_u hÃQ¡ \p¡X$u S>Áep \pe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u A„v$f lhp âh¡iu S>sp„-lhp_p v$bpZ_p gu^¡ `N h^y KX$p¡ M|„Qsp bQu Åe R>¡.

Äepf¡ Äepf¡ Op¡X$p-N^¡X$p hN®_p âpZuAp¡_¡ `N_¡ R>¡X$¡ Aph¡gu Mfu "apV$¡gu' _l], `Z Np¡m "X$pbgp' OpV$¡ Aph¡gu lp¡e R>¡. "apV$¡gu Mfu' _u kfMpdZuA¡ "X$pbgp OpV$' _u Mfu k`pV$ A_¡ L$Ì$¹Z S>du_ `f `|f`pV$ v$p¡X$hpdp„ h^y A_yL$|m fl¡i¡ A¡hu âL$©rs_¡ ÅZ lp¡hp\u Aphp v$p¡X$huf âpZuAp¡_¡ X$pbgpMfu_u S> c¡V$ ^f¡gu lp¡e s¡hy„ gpNu füy„ R>¡.

(3)KV$_p AYpf¡e A„N hp„L$p L$¡d ? buÅ L$p¡B Å_hf_¡ _l] A_¡ dpÓ KV$ hN®_p S> b^p A„Np¡ rhrQÓ âL$pf_p L$¡d b_pìep li¡ A¡hp¡ khpg \hp¡ kph S> õhpcprhL$ R>¡. rdÓp¡ ! Qpgp¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ A„N rhi¡ ÅZuA¡ L$¡ Aphy„ L$fhp `pR>m_p¡ âL$©rs_p¡ DØ¡íe ip¡ li¡ ? `l¡gu hps s¡ A¡ L$¡ KV$ A¡ fZ S>¡hp Nfd âv$¡i_y„ âpZu R>¡. âL$©rsA¡ A¡_¡ Ap`¡g `uW$ `f_u "My„^' A¡ Qfbu_y„ k„N°lõ\p_-Np¡X$pD_ R>¡. KV$_¡ Äepf¡ `yíL$m Mphp_y„ dm¡ Ðepf¡ My„^dp„ Qfbu S>dp \pe R>¡ A_¡ My„^ `yô \pe R>¡. fZ rhõspfdp„ Mphp _ dm¡ TpX$-`p_ L$¡

`pZu `uhp _v$u-_pmp„ ! dykpafu v$fçep_ L$¡V$gy„ A„sf L$p`hy„ `X$i¡ A_¡ L$épf¡ Mphp-`uhp c¡my„ \hpi¡ A¡ \p¡X$y„ _½$u lp¡e ? A¡hy„e¡ L$¡V$gue hpf b_sy„ lp¡e R>¡ L$¡ gp„bp `\ ky^u L$ép„e¡ MpB iL$pe s¡hp TpX$`p_ _ S> dþep„ lp¡e A_¡ `uhp `pZue¡ _ dþey„ lp¡e! A_¡ dykpafu lS>y bpL$u lp¡e A_¡ rh_p Mp¡fpL$-`pZuA¡ Å¡ ifuf ndsp Mp¡B b¡ki¡ A¡hy„ gpNsp„ S> My„^dp„ k„N°lpA¡g Qfbu A_¡ `¡V$_u rv$hpgp¡dp„ k„N°lpe¡gy„ `pZu aV$ v$¡spL$_¡ i[¼s_y„ ê$` ^pfZ L$fu cp„Áep_p¡ c¡{ b_u fl¡sp„ lp¡e R>¡. KV$_¡ "_pL$' A¡V$gp dpV$¡ gp„by„ Apàey„ R>¡ L$¡ fZhNX$pdp„ sp¡ OZue¡ hpf f¡s_p Np¡mp EX$pX$su Ap„^u L$épf¡ QX$u Aph¡ A¡_y„ \p¡X$y„ _½$u lp¡e? Aphp kde¡ A¡ NfdpNfd h„V$p¡mdp„ DX$sp„ f¡su_p L$Zp¡ ðpkp¡ðpk c¡mp a¡akp„dp„ _ cfpC Åe. A_¡ _S>f L$fiy„ sp¡ _S>f¡ QX$u S> S>i¡ L$¡ Aphp DX$sp f¡s_p Np¡mp\u Ap„Mp¡_p fnZ A\£ S> KV$_u Ap„Mp¡ D`f_u `p`Zp¡ `Z dp¡V$u S> Ap`u R>¡ âL$©rsA¡.. Af¡, AÞe Å_hfp¡ L$fsp„ KV$_u X$p¡L$ lp¡e OZu gp„bu ! KV$_¡ dp¡V$pcpN¡ sp¡ âhpk A¡hp S> fZhNX$¡ L$fhp_p¡ lp¡e L$¡ Äep„ Mp¡fpL$dp„ MpB iL$pe A¡hp S>du_ `f _p_p R>p¡X$hp-TpX$hp_y„ _pd r_ip_ S> _ lp¡e ! `Z L$ép„e¡ Å¡ KQp TpX$hp„ dmu Åe sp¡ s¡_¡ Ap„bu \p¡X$u c|M k„sp¡ju iL$pe A¡ A\£ S> X$p¡L$ gp„bu Ap`hp_p¡ l¡sy âL$©rs_p¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡. hmu KV$_p `N `Z lp¡e R>¡ dp¡V$p-`lp¡mp-gp¡„W$L$p A_¡ srme¡ apX$ hpmp ! S>¡\u fZ_u f¡sudp„ lpghp_y„ \pe Ðepf¡ `N `f ifuf_y„ hS>_ Aphsp„ `N_u apX$ `X$¡ `lp¡mu, S>¡\u f¡sdp„ `N_¡ KX$p Dsfsp„ bQphu gC Dsphm¡ f_ L$p`hpdp„ dv$v$Npf b_u iL$¡.A¡V$g¡ sp¡ KV$ "f¡su_y„ hlpZ' L$l¡hpey„ R>¡ ! (4)kkgp_p `pR>gp `N A_¡ rS>fpa_p ApNgp `N gp„bp-Aphy„ L$¡d ? rS>fpa_¡ Qpf¡ `N kfMu g„bpB_p Ap`hp_¡ bv$g¡ âL$©rsA¡ ApNgp `N gp„bp sp¡ A¡V$gp dpV$¡ Apàep R>¡ L$¡ A¡ d|m¡ sp¡ R>¡ ApräL$p_y„ hs_u. Ðep„_p "klfp' S>¡hp fZdp„ lp¡e s¡_y„ fl¡Zp„L$ ! A_¡ Mphp sp¡ b^p Æhp¡_u S>¡d rS>fpa_¡ `Z Å¡BA¡ S> ? f¡spm S>du_dp„ _p_¡fp R>p¡X$-TpX$ sp¡ S>h‰¡ S> lp¡hp_p ! lp, L$ép„L$ L$ép„L$ TpX$hp dmu Åe sp¡ lp¡e Myb JQ¡fp„ ! A¡ JQpBA¡ `lp¡„Qhp Mpsf S> rS>fpa_p ApNgp `N `Z gp„bp A_¡ A¡_u X$p¡L$ `Z âL$©rsA¡ Ap`u R>¡ Myb gp„bu ! `N A_¡ X$p¡L$_u g„bpB_p¡ \pe kfhpmp¡ A¡V$g¡ bk lh¡ JQ¡fp TpX$h¡ dp¡Yp_¡ `lp¡„Qsp hpf L$¡V$gu ? rS>fpa_¡ cy¿ey„ _l] fpMhp_p¡ S> l¡sy

A¡_¡ ApNgp `N gp„bp Ap`hp bpbs_p¡ âL$©rs_p¡ v$¡MpC füp¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ Äepf¡ kkgpcpB_u kp\¡ âL$©rs_p¡ ìehlpf A¡_p\u kph S> EgV$p¡ v$¡MpC füp¡ R>¡. kkgp_p ApNgp `N V$y„L$p A_¡ `pR>gp lp¡e R>¡ gp„bp ! kkgy„ Æh R>¡ bly Akp¡m-ky„hpmy„ A_¡ buL$Z ! Å¡ L$¡ âL$©rsA¡ A¡_¡ `pR>gp `N_u kp\p¡kp\ L$p_ `Z dp¡V$p A_¡ gp„bp v$u^p R>¡. L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ kkgp_y„ dp„k sp¡ lp¡e R>¡ bly duW$y„ ! L$¡V$gpL$ AOp¡fu dpZkp¡_¡ `Z bly S> cphsy„ lp¡e R>¡. sp¡ `R>u riL$pfu Å_hfp¡ sp¡ kkgp_¡ cpþey„e¡ d|L$¡ Mfp ? `Z riL$pfu L$|sfp, riepm, hê$, TfM S>¡hp v$yíd_p¡_p¡ AZkpf Aphsph¢s kkgy„ A¡_p dp¡V$p L$p_ L$f¡ KQp A_¡ TuZpdp„ TuZp¡ AhpS>-k„Qg L$C bpS>y\u Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ `L$X$u `pX$¡ A_¡ L$C rv$ipA¡ cpNhy„ A¡ _½$u L$fu, T`pV$pb„^ cpNhpdp„- gp„bu gp„bu X$„apkp¡ A_¡ W$¡L$ gNphhpdp„ A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ V$¡L$fu QX$hpdp„ `pR>gp gp„bp `N bly S> dv$v$Npfu L$fsp lp¡e R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Aphy„ L$fu_¡ âL$©rsA¡ kkgp S>¡hp Akp¡m A_¡ buL$Z Æhp¡_¡ riL$pfuAp¡\u bQhp_u kNhX$ ^fu R>¡. (5)L$|sfp„-tdv$X$p„-riepmhp S>¡hp_p `N_¡ srme¡ "Npv$u' L$¡d lp¡e R>¡?

dpÓ L$|sfp„-rbgpX$p„ L$¡ riepm-hê$ S> dpÓ _l], `Z tkl-hpOv$u`X$p-rQÑp S>¡hp S>„Ngu A_¡ My„Mpf riL$pfu âpZuAp¡_p `N _uQ¡ `Z Npv$u S> lp¡e R>¡. Af¡, A¡_p `N_p `„Å_p _lp¡f `Z dp¡V$p A_¡ dS>b|s A¡V$gp dpV$¡ âL$©rsA¡ ^ep® lp¡e L$¡ Ap b^p_p¡ Mp¡fpL$ sp¡ lp¡e R>¡ L$p¡B s©Zplpfu `iy_¡ apX$uMphp_p¡ ! Äepf¡ Ap âpZu riL$pf_u ip¡^dp„ lp¡e A_¡ Äepf¡ L$p¡B riL$pf L$fu iL$pe A¡hp¡ Æh cpmu Åe Ðepf¡ Qpgu_¡ L$¡ v$p¡X$u_¡ s¡_u _S>v$uL$ `lp¡„Qhpdp„ Å¡ S>fuL$¡e AhpS>k„Qg \pe sp¡ sp¡ riL$pf Q¡su Åe A_¡ cpNu R>|V$¡ ! riL$pf_u gNp¡gN `lp¡„Qu, s¡_¡ bfpbf duV$dp„ gC, Ap¡tQsp_u sfp` dpfu, kpÃQ¡ S> v$bp¡Qu gC iL$pe Å¡ S>fuL$¡e AhpS> _ L$f¡ s¡hu s¡_p `N_¡ srme¡ Npv$u lp¡e ! A¡hu Npv$u v$f¡L$ riL$pfu âpZuAp¡_¡ âL$©rsA¡ Ap`u S> R>¡. Af¡, Aphp âpZu_p v$p„s `Z lp¡e R>¡ kÅh¡gu R>fu S>¡hy„ L$pd L$f_pfp ! rbgpX$u_p v$p„s kpd¡ _S>f S>fÅ¡ ! L$¡hp hm¡gp A_¡ suZp lp¡e R>¡ ? bQL$y„ cf¡ sp¡ dp„k_p¡ gp¡Qp¡ blpf M¢Qu L$pYé¡ `pf L$f¡ ! âL$©rsA¡ sp¡ dpÓ dpZk Æh S> _l] `Z kdN° ÆhS>Ns_¡ Æhsy„ fpMhy„ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ sp¡ kp¥_¡ Mp¡fpL$ d¡mhhp_p¡, AphX$¡sp¡ `p¡sp_u Ås_y„ fnZ L$fhp_p¡ A_¡ A¡ fus¡ Æh_ Æhhp_u kNhX$ A_¡ Ar^L$pf Apàep„ R>¡. âL$©rs_¡ L$p¡B hlpgy„ v$hgy„ _\u- A¡_¡ kp¥ kfMp R>¡. `R>u sp¡ S>¡ S>¡_u i[¼s A_¡ `lp¡„Q !

hphZu `R>u 21 rv$hk¡ `pZu Apàep bpv$ 60 rL$.N°p. _pBV$²p¡S>_ `|rs® Mpsf sfuL$¡ Ap`hy„. • `pep_p Mpsf sfuL$¡ 130 rL$.N°p. X$uA¡`u, 15 rL$.N°p. eyrfep A_¡ 100 rL$.N°p. çeyf¡V$ Ap¡a `p¡V$pi Ap`hy„, hphZu bpv$ 20-25 rv$hk¡ 130 rL$.N°p. eyrfep/l¡¼V$f¡ A_¡ hphZu_p 35 \u 40 rv$hk¡ 65 rL$.N°p. eyrfep l¡¼V$f¡ _pCV$²p¡S>_ sÐh_p ê$`dp„ Mpsf sfuL$¡ Ap`hy„. • S>du_dp„ gp¡l A_¡ S>ks_y„ âdpZ Mpduey¼s A\hp dÝed lp¡e sp¡ 15 rL$. N°p. a¡fk këa¡V$ A_¡ 8 rL$.N°p. tTL$ këa¡V$ `pep_p Mpsf sfuL$¡ hphsu hMs¡ v$f s¡. S>du_dp„ Ap`hy„. • Ap D`fp„s A¡Tp¡V$p¡b¡¼V$f A_¡ ap¡õap¡b¡¼V$¡rfed L$ëQf_p 15 `¡L$¡V$ OJ_p (120 rL$.N°p.) buS>_¡ `V$ Ap`u_¡ hph¡sf L$fhp\u 25% _pBV$²p¡S>_ A_¡ 50% ap¡õafkey¼s Mpsf_u bQs L$fu iL$pe.

M¡sudp„ ApÃR>pv$_

rhj¡ S>Zphsp kh® îu X$u. X$u. Qp¥^fu îu hu. S>¡. `V$¡g X$p¸. bu. X$u. `V$¡g A¡ApCkuApf`u Ap¡_ huX$ d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$, b„. A. L$©rj dlprhÛpge, ApZ„v$ L$©rj eyr_hrk®V$u ApZ„v$- 388110 ap¡_ (02692) 225706, 225707

àgp[õV$L$ ApÃR>pv$_ (dëe)_p âL$pf : àgp[õV$L$ ApÃR>pv$__p Qp¡½$k âL$pf, f„N A_¡ ÅX$pC_u ep¡Áe `k„v$Nu Üpfp S>du__p hpsphfZ_¡ k„Qprgs L$fu iL$pe R>¡. s¡ L$pmp, `pfv$i®L$, ka¡v$, Qp„v$u S>¡hp, hpv$mu, gpg hN¡f¡ rhrh^ f„Np¡dp„ D`gå^ R>¡. `f„sy àgp[õV$L$ ApÃR>pv$__p f„N_u `k„v$Nu Qp¡½$k gÿep¡ `f Ap^prfs R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡, _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep dyS>b_p àgp[õV$L$ ApÃR>pv$_ âpL$dp„ h`fpe R>¡.

(1) L$pmp f„N_p àgp[õV$L$ : Ap âL$pf_p àgp[õV$L$ S>du_dp„ c¡S>_y„ k„fnZ, _]v$Z_¡ A„L$yidp„ fpMhpdp„ A_¡ `fphrs®s \sp `pfÅ„bgu rL$fZp¡_¡ OV$pX$hpdp„ dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡.

(2) Qp„v$u S>¡hp f„N_p àgp[õV$L$ : kpdpÞe fus¡ S>du__¡ W$„X$u fpMu d|m rhõspf_y„ sp`dp_ Åmhu fpM¡ R>¡.

(3) `pfv$i®L$ àgp[õV$L$: Ap âL$pf_p àgp[õV$L$_p D`ep¡N\u S>du__y„ sp`dp_ h^¡ R>¡, S>¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ S>du__p kp¥fuL$fZ (kp¡gpfpCT¡i_) dpV$¡ h`fpe R>¡.

(4) àgp[õV$L$_u ÅX$pC :ApÃR>pv$_dp„ h`fpsp àgp[õV$L$_u ÅX$pC `pL$_p âL$pf A_¡ `pL$hp_p kdeNpmp_p Ap^pf¡ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Amku_u D`ep¡rNsp âp¡. A¡k. L$¡. `fdpf, X$p¸. hu. `u. Dkv$rX$ep, X$p¸. Apf. A¡d. `pZMZuep, âp¡. bu. bu. V$„X$¡g A_¡ X$p¸. A¡g. L$¡. A¡fhX$uep A¡N°p¡_p¡du rhcpN, _.d. L$©rj dlprhÛpge, _hkpfu L$©rj eyr_hrk®V$u, _hkpfu ap¡_ : (02637) 282771-75 Amku A¡ s¡gurbep„ A_¡ f¡kpey¼s dlÒh`|Z® blyD`ep¡Nu `pL$ R>¡. S>¡ rhðdp„ 50\u h^pf¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ Amku_y„ hph¡sf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Amku_p buS>dp„ Ap¥jr^e NyZ^dp£ fl¡gp lp¡e, Mpk L$fu_¡ A¡A¡gA¡ Ap¡d¡Np-3 a¡V$u A¡rkX$ lp¡hp\u s¡d_p¡ dyMhpk sfuL$¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s Ap¥jr^e NyZ^d®_¡ gu^¡ Amku_p¡ D`ep¡N õhpõÕe gpcp¡ kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡g R>¡. S>¡d L$¡ L$¡Þkf_p L$p¡j_u

h©rÙdp„ OV$pX$p¡ L$fu iL$¡ R>¡, ågX$â¡if OV$pX$u_¡ A_¡ ^d_uAp¡_u [õ\rsõ\pL$spdp„ h^pfp¡ L$fu_¡ ùv$e_p fp¡N kpd¡ ârsL$pfL$ i[¼sdp„ h^pfp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s Ap¥^p¡rNL$ ^p¡fZ¡ `Z s¡g_p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡, s¡dp„\u rhrh^ d|ëeh[^®s hõsyAp¡ S>¡hu L$¡ a¡b°uL$, `¡CÞV$¹k, hp[_®i, iplu,kpby, kp¥„v$e®âkp^_ rg_p¡rged A_¡ `¡V$ÞV$ QpdX$p, hp¡V$f`´a

14 Ap¡¼V$p¡bf¡ Ágp¡bg l„Nf BÞX$¡¼k 2022 Ål¡f L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. 121 v$¡ip¡dp„\u, cpfs 107 dp ¾$d¡ R>¡, A_¡ v$¡idp„ c|Mdfp¡ A_¡ L$y`p¡jZ_y„ õsf lh¡ "N„cuf" õsf¡ R>¡. Ap BÞX$¡¼kdp„ cpfs_p¡ ¾$d 2020\u L$\mu füp¡ R>¡ - 2020dp„ 94 A_¡ 2021dp„ 101. lL$uL$sdp„, AÐepf ky^udp„, 19.3 V$L$p_p v$f¡, s¡ bpmL$ L$y`p¡jZ _p¡ v$f rhð dp„ dlÑd _p¡„^pep¡ R>¡. A\hp 5 hj®\u Ap¡R>u he_p bpmL$p¡_y„ âdpZ s¡d_u KQpC_p âdpZdp„ Ap¡R>y„ hS>_ ^fph¡ R>¡. gNcN 16.3 V$L$p cpfsuep¡ L$y`p¡rjs R>¡, A_¡ v$f ÓZdp„\u A¡L$ bpmL$ L$y„rW$s R>¡, A¡V$g¡ L$¡ 5 hj®\u Ap¡R>u Jdf_p bpmL$p¡_y„ âdpZ S>¡d_u KQpC Ap¡R>u R>¡. AgbÑ Ágp¡bg l„Nf CÞX$¡¼k_p d|ëep„L$_dp„ L$¡V$guL$ MpduAp¡ lp¡hp_u `Z QQp® Qpgu flu R>¡. dlÐh _y„ A¡ _\u L$¡ cpfs L$ép ¾$d¡ R>¡. dy¿e dyØp¡

A¡ R>¡ L$¡ Nfubu A¡ÞX$ c|Mdfp_u kdõep cpfs dpV$¡ dlÐh_u R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p d|mc|s L$pfZp¡_u QQp® \hu Å¡CA¡ A_¡ r_fpL$fZ `f Ýep_ Ap`hy„ Myb S>ê$fu R>¡. b^y„ kfL$pf `f R>p¡X$hp\u `Z _rl Qpg¡.

cpfs v$|^, L$W$p¡m, L$¡mp„_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ DÐ`pv$L$ v$¡i lp¡hp R>sp„ A_¡ OJ, Qp¡Mp A_¡ ipL$cpÆ_p¡ rhðdp„ buÅ ¾$d_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ DÐ`pv$L$ v$¡i R>¡. sv$y`fp„s dpR>gu A_¡ dfOp„ S>¡hp `iy^_ DÐ`pv$_p¡_p V$p¡Q_p DÐ`pv$L$p¡dp„ `Z ipd¡g R>¡. s¡d R>sp„ v$¡i dp„ L$y`p¡jZ _y„ âdpZ h^pf¡ R>¡. sp¡, s¡ L$¡hu fus¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap`Z¡ rhðdp„ L$¡V$gpL$ r_Zp®eL$ dy¿e `v$p\p£_p kp¥\u dp¡V$p DÐ`pv$L$ R>uA¡, s¡d R>sp„ Ap`Zu hõsu `p¡jZ- A_¡ Mp¡fpL$\u h„rQs R>¡? Apdp„ apmp¡ Ap`hp_y„ byrÙNçe L$pfZp¡dp„_y„ A¡L$ A¡ R>¡ L$¡ cpfs_p DÃQ õsf_p Mp¡fpL$_p¡ bNpX$ A_¡ _yL$kp_ `Z lp¡C iL$¡ R>¡. sp¡ Qpgp¡ Ap dyÙp_¡ rhõspf `|h®L$ kdÆe¡. cpfsdp„ MpÛ `v$p\p£_p _yL$kp__y„ âdpZ Mp¡fpL$ àg¡V$ ky^u `lp¡„Q¡ s¡ `l¡gp„, s¡ M¡X$|s\u S>Õ\pb„^ h¡`pfuAp¡, rfV$¡gk® A_¡ L$¡V$guL$hpf âp¡k¡kk® ky^u_u dykpafu L$f¡ R>¡. v$f¡L$ sb½$¡, `pL$_p DÐ`pv$__p¡ AdyL$ rlõkp¡ _ô \pe R>¡. L$¡V$gpL$ Aæepkp¡A¡ Ap _yL$kp__y„ d|ëep„L$_ L$ey¯ R>¡.

`pL$_u gZZu `R>u \u s¡ N°plL$ ky^u `lp¡„Q¡ s¡ v$fçep_ S>¡ _yL$ip_ \pe s¡_¡ `p¡õV$lph£õV$ _yL$ip_ L$l¡hpe. A_¡ S>¡ Mp¡fpL$_p¡ N°plL$ Üpfp, N°plL$_u \pmudp„, N°plL$_p lp\¡ _yL$ip_ \pe s¡_¡ bNpX$ L$lu iL$pe. ApBkuA¡Apf-kuApB`uA¡QBV$u 2015_p Al¡hpg dyS>b, L$©rj `¡v$pip¡_p 1 V$L$p (v$|^_p rL$õkpdp„)\u 16 V$L$p (v$pMgp sfuL$¡, Ådam) rfV$¡gf ky^u `lp¡„Q¡ Ðep„ ky^udp„ _yL$ip_u \B Åe R>¡. A¡kA¡aA¡ku (2015) dyS>b, Ap _yL$kp_ 9 V$L$p (bV$pL$pdp„) \u 32 V$L$p (hV$pZpdp„) ky^u_y„ \sy„ lp¡e R>¡. A¡aA¡Ap¡ (FAO) A„v$pS> Ap_p\u h^y Ap„L$hp dp„ Apìep R>¡. s¡d_u k„¿ep 6.3 V$L$p (L$`prkep) A_¡ 30.2 V$L$p (v$rfepB dpR>gu)_u hÃQ¡ A_ydpr_s R>¡. k„Qpg_, k„N°l, `rfhl_dp„ h^y _yL$kp_ ApCkuA¡Apf - kuApC`uA¡QCV$u 2015 _p S>Zpìep A_ykpf, `pL$_¡ dp¡V$pcpN_y„ _yL$kp_ M¡X$|s õsf¡ \pe R>¡. M¡X$|s, d„X$u A_¡ R>|V$L$ h¡QpZL$sp®Ap¡, v$|fkyv$|f_u d„X$uAp¡ A_¡ rb_L$pe®nd k„N°l sL$_uL$p¡dp„ h¥opr_L$ c„X$pfp¡_p¡ Acph - Ap b^p S> d|ëe i©„Mgpdp„ Aphp _yL$kp_ sfa v$p¡fu Åe R>¡. Mp¡fpL$_u Mp¡V$ A_¡ S>du__u tL$ds A„v$pS> d¡mhhp dpV$¡ Qpgp¡ Ap`Z¡ OJ_y„ A¡L$ Dv$plfZ gCA¡. kuApC`uA¡QCV$u_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf, d|ëe i³„Mgpdp„ gNcN 4.9 V$L$p OJ _ô \C Åe R>¡. Ad_¡ ÅZhp dþey„ R>¡ L$¡ s¡ 27 `pL$dp„\u Apif¡ 60.2 A¡dA¡dV$u hprj®L$ ^p¡fZ¡ _ô \ep R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_p¡ A¡gBku 1.1 L$fp¡X$ l¡¼V$f lsp¡. Ap_p¡ A\® A¡ \ep¡ L$¡ cpfs_u gNcN 1.1 L$fp¡X$ l¡¼V$f M¡su_u S>du_ (cpfsue L$yg `pL$_p¡ rhõspf Apif¡ 19.7 L$fp¡X$ l¡¼V$f R>¡)_y„ DÐ`pv$_ A¡L$ hj®dp„ bfbpv$ \C Åe R>¡. S>¡ kdN° `„Åb fpÄe_p L$yg `pL$_p rhõspf (ÆkuA¡) L$fsp„ 79 gpM l¡¼V$f (2018-19) A\hp Ap„^°âv$¡i (73 gpM l¡¼V$f) A\hp sp¡ rblpf (74 gpM l¡¼V$f) L$fsp h^pf¡ R>¡.

kdp^p_ iy„?

bQph¡gp `¥kp A¡ L$dpe¡gp `¥kp R>¡. Mp¡fpL$_u bQs A¡ DÐ`prv$s Mp¡fpL$ R>¡.

M¡X$|sp¡_¡ hpõsrhL$ `p¡jZnd tL$dsp¡ ky^u `lp¡„Qhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ s„Ó `|{„ `pX$u_¡, dbgM DÐ`pv$__u [õ\rsdp„ A¡ÞX$ s¡hp hjp£ v$fçep_ "h^pfp_p' DÐ`pv$__¡ ip¡ju g¡hp dpV$¡ a|X$ âp¡k¡k]N S>¡hp dpNp£_¡ âp¡Ðkprls L$fu_¡, A_¡ M¡X$|sp¡ A_¡ bÅfp¡_¡ kpBgp¡T A_¡ gp¡rS>[õV$L$ k`p¡V$® S>¡hp h¥opr_L$ k„N°lp¡ kp\¡ ki¼s b_phhp, AÞe bpbsp¡ D`fp„s, Aphp _yL$kp__¡ OV$pX$hpdp„ gp„bu dS>g L$p`u iL$¡ R>¡. Mp_Nu n¡Ó Ap d|ëe kp„L$mp¡ kp\¡ _hu_spAp¡ gC_¡ Aphu füy„ R>¡. N°u_`p¡X$ g¡åk `¡L$¡tS>N `f _hu_sp gphu flu R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u i¡ëa gpBa h^pfhp dpV$¡ DÐ`pv$_p¡_p¡ k„N°l L$fu flu R>¡, `R>u v$¡lps S>¡hp k„õ\p_p¡ A_¡ AÞe gp¡L$p¡ `Z R>¡ S>¡, AÞe k¡hpAp¡_u kp\¡, M¡X$|sp¡ A_¡ Mfuv$v$pfp¡_¡ A¡L$ Ap¡_gpB_ dpL$£V$àg¡k âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡ S>¡ L$©rj `¡v$pip¡ A_¡ MpÛ `v$p\p£ h¡`pf dp„ hQ¡rV$epAp¡ k„¿ep_¡ OV$pX$¡ R>¡. S>¡_p Üpfp M¡X$|sp¡ _¡ ep¡Áesd cph dm¡ A¡ÞX$ L$©rj `¡v$pip¡_y„ _yL$ip_ A_¡ bNpX$ bQphu iL$pe. kph®S>r_L$ A_¡ Mp_Nu A¡d b„_¡ âL$pf_u _hu_spAp¡ A_¡ fp¡L$pZp¡ MpÛpß _yL$kp_ A_¡ L$Qfp_p `X$L$pfp¡_¡ `lp¡„Qu hmhp dpV$¡ Qphuê$` R>¡.

2022dp„ MpÛ `v$p\p£ A¡ÞX$ L$©rj`¡v$pip¡_p ayNphp_¡ L$pfZ¡ h¥rðL$ MpÛ k„L$V$ iê$ \ey„ R>¡, S>¡Z¡ gpMp¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ c|Mdfp¡, h„rQssp A_¡ L$y`p¡jZ_u Åmdp„ ^L$¡gu v$u^p R>¡. rhð b¢L$_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf, Ap hj£ 53 v$¡ip¡ A_¡ âv$¡ip¡dp„ gNcN 2220 gpM gp¡L$p¡ suh° MpÛ Akgpdsu_p¡ A_ych L$fi¡. Äepf¡ h^y Mp¡fpL$_p DÐ`pv$_ `f cpf d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ A¡L$v$d hpS>bu R>¡, Ad¡ dp_uA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ d|ëe kp„L$mdp„ MpÛ _yL$kp_ s¡dS> Mp¡fpL$_p bNpX$_¡ fp¡L$hp_¡ `Z DÃQ AN°sp Ap`hu Å¡CA¡.

Source: India's real food problem isn't hunger but loss and wastage (theprint.in)

L„$`_u ÞeyT

QZpdp„ gugu Bem dpV$¡ tL$NX$p¡np

riepmy rkT_dp„

Ap hj£ QZp_y Nep hj®_u kfMpdZuA¡ OÏ Ap¡R>y hph¡sf \e¡g R>¡ `Z Ap hj£ QZpdp„ a|g Aphsp_u kp\¡ S> gugu Bem_p¡ h^pf¡ D`Öh Qpgy \C Nep¡ R>¡ S>¡\u gugu Cem dpV$¡ kp¥\u kpfu OfX$p L$„`_u_u tL$NX$p¡np 1 `„`dp„ 20 ml âdpZ¡ R>p„V$hp\u QZp_p `pL$dp„ L$gf, L$yZ` dpV$¡ A_¡ 15 \u 20 rv$hk ky^u Cem dpV$¡ buÆ L$p¡C v$hp R>p„V$hp_u S>ê$f `X$su _\u S>¡\u S>¡ M¡X$|s rdÓp¡A¡ QZp_y„ hph¡sf L$f¡gy„ lp¡e A_¡ A¡dp„ gugu Bem Å¡hp dm¡ sp¡ OfX$p L$„`_u_u tL$NX$p¡np v$hp_p¡ 20 rdgu âdpZ¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp\u kp{„ rfTëV$ dm¡ R>¡. h^y dprlsu dpV$¡ ap¡_ L$fp¡. 89800 29681

riepmy Fsy_y„ ApNd_ ^udp `Ng¡ \C füy„ R>¡ A_¡ frh `pL$_y„ Apep¡S>_ A_¡ hph¡sf `Z ^udu NrsA¡ \C füy„ R>¡ Ap`Z¡ kp¥ ÅZuA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ riepmy `pL$p¡ AÞe Fsy_p `pL$ L$fsp \p¡X$p h^y k„h¡v$_iug lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„e Mpk L$fu_¡ Æ{_p¡ `pL$ M|b S> k„h¡v$_iug R>¡ Æ{„_p `pL$dp„ gugp¡ A_¡ `ump¡ kyL$pfp¡ M|b S> l¡fp_ L$fsp¡ fp¡N R>¡ Ap fp¡N aéyÆrfed Ap¡[¼kõ`p¡rfed L$éydu_u _pd_u a|N\u \pe R>¡ A_¡ Ap fp¡N Aphu Nep `R>u fp¡L$hp¡ dyíL$¡g lp¡e R>¡ dpV$¡ s¡_p ApNsfp Apep¡S>_ dpV$¡ Æ{„_p `pL$dp„ buÅ r`es hMs¡ A¡L$ rhOpdp„ 250 N°pd dp¡_uV$f A_¡ 500 N°pd kyX$p¡Tp¡_ `pZu kp\¡ Ap¡Npmu_¡ Ap`hp\u kyL$pf_p fp¡N_y„ M|b kp{„ ìehõ\p`_ \C iL$¡ R>¡.Aphu S> fus¡ QZp_p `pL$dp„ `Z kyL$pf\u bQhp dpV$¡ A¡L$ rL$gp¡ buS>_¡ 10 N°pd dp¡r_V$f_p¡ `V$ Ap`hp¡ A_¡ â\d L$¡ buÅ r`es hMs¡ S> dp¡_uV$f A_¡ kyX$p¡Tp¡_ `pZu kp\¡ D`fp¡¼s âdpZ\u `phy„.gkZ A_¡ X$y„Nmu _p `pL$dp„ aéyÆrfed a|N\u \sp kyL$pfp A_¡ L$©rd_p fp¡N\u L$¡ bpraep_p fp¡N\u bQhp dpV$¡ â\d L$¡ buÅ r`es hMs¡ dp¡_uV$f A_¡ kyX$p¡Tp¡_ `pZu kp\¡ Ap`hy„ S>ê$fu R>¡.Ap D`fp„s OJ,Æ{„,QZp, gkZ,X$y„Nmu, ^pZp hN¡f¡ riepmy `pL$dp„ A¡L$ A¡L$f¡ 100 N°pd dpeL$p¡Tp¡_ buS> D`Qpf sfuL$¡ L$¡ `R>u AÞe fus¡ S>du_dp„ d|m rhõspfdp„ Ap`hp\u M|b dp¡V$p¡ apev$p¡ \pe R>¡.dpeL$p¡Tp¡_ S>du__u amv$³`sp h^pf¡ R>¡,c¡S> k„N°l i[¼s h^pf¡ R>¡,fp¡N ârsL$pfL$ i[¼s h^pf¡ R>¡,s„sy d|m_p¡ Av$cys

rhL$pk L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ R>¡‰¡ M|b kfk DÐ`pv$_ h^pf¡ R>¡ dpV$¡ dpeL$p¡Tp¡_ A¡ v$yr_ep_y„ kh®î¡› S>¥rhL$ Mpsf R>¡ s¡_¡ v$f¡L$ M¡X$|s¡ hp`fhy„ füy„. gkZ, X$y„Nmudp„ `p„v$ D`f Aphsp¡ ``®g ågp¡Q _pd_p¡ fp¡N `p„v$_u V$p¡Q bpmu `pL$_¡ M|b S> _yL$ip_ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡d S> Æ{„ A_¡ ^pZp_p `pL$dp„ Qfdu _p¡ fp¡N M|b S> OpsL$ R>¡ s¡hu S> fus¡ QZp_p `pL$dp„ `Z rhrh^ fp¡N Aph¡ R>¡ Ap b^p_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ A¡ÞV$uV$u 45 rdgu,gpCagpC_ 45 rdgu A_¡ f_p¡a 5 rdgu/`ç` rd¼k L$fu v$f 15 rv$hk¡ OpV$p¡ R>„V$L$ph L$fhp\u D`fp¡¼s b^p `pL$dp„ `p„v$ D`f L$¡ v$pZp D`f Aphsp a|N_p fp¡N\u M|b kpfu fus¡ bQu iL$pe R>¡.Ap`Zp„ v$f¡L$ `pL$ DÐ`pv$_ s¥epf \ep `R>u v$yr_ep_p rhL$rks v$¡ip¡dp„ r_L$pk \pe R>¡ A_¡ Ðep„ f¡kuX$ey„ äu DÐ`pv$__u dp„N M|b S> lp¡e R>¡ Ðepf¡ D`fp¡¼s v$f¡L$ âp¡X$L$V$ A¡N°ug¡ÞX$ L$„`_u_p kgpds A_¡ f¡kuX$ey„ äu âp¡X$L$V$ lp¡hp\u Ap`Zu S>Zk h^y kgpds kprbs \pe R>¡.Aph_pfp kdedp„ fkpeZ dy¼s L$¡ kgpds fkpeZ hpmp `pL$ DÐ`pv$_ L$pe®¾$ddp„ Ap`Z _¡ A¡N°ug¡ÞX$ L$„`_u_p

L$fp¡

R>¡‰p OZp hjp£\u Ap`Z¡ Å¡CA¡ R>uA¡ L$¡ X$y„Nmu `L$hsp M¡X$|sp¡ fkperZL$ Mpsf A_¡ S>„sy_piL$ / ayN_piL$ v$hpAp¡_p¡ `yóL$m âdpZdp„ D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡. Apd _¡ Apd fkpeZp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \i¡ sp¡ Ap`Zu S>du_dp„ Aph_pfp rv$hkp¡dp„ MX$_y„ sZMgy„ `Z _rl EN¡!

Adep®rv$s fkpeZp¡ hp`fhp_p„ bv$g¡ k„L$rgs Æhps/fp¡N r_e„ÓZ A_¡ `p¡jZ_u ìehõ\p Np¡W$hhu S>ê$fu \C flu R>¡. X$y„Nmudp„ L$©rd/_¡d¡V$p¡X$, a|N A_¡ r\°àk_y„ _yL$ip_ dy¿eÐh¡ \pe R>¡. Ap âñp¡_p„ kp¡ëeyi_ dpV$¡ dpÓ fkpeZ D`f S> r_c®f fl¡iy„ sp¡ MQ® h^i¡ A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ Ap¡R>y„ \i¡. Apd hpsphfZ_p a¡fapf_p L$pfZ¡ L$ep„L$ hfkpv$ Ap¡R>p¡ sp¡ L$ep„L$ Ap¡R>p¡-h^sp¡, A`yfsp¡ L$¡ Ar_erds fl¡ R>¡. Ap_u Akf S>¡ s¡ `pL$ D`f Qp¡L$L$k S>Zpe R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡ `pL$_¡ Qp¡L$L$k AphíeL$ Ahõ\pA¡ Å¡ `pZu _ dm¡ sp¡ `pL$_¡ S>du_dp„\u c¡S> g¡hp¡ `X$¡ R>¡ A_¡ Apd \sp S>du_dp„ c¡S>_u M¢Q hsp®e R>¡. Ap_p L$pfZ¡ S> `pL$_p„ DÐ`pv$_dp„ _p¡„^`pÓ OV$pX$p¡ Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. L$©rjn¡Ó¡ \sp àgp[õV$L$_p rhrh^ D`ep¡N_¡ "àgp[õV$L$ëQf' L$l¡hpe R>¡. Ap D`pe M¡sudp„ àgp[õV$L$_p rhrh^ D`ep¡Np¡dp„_p¡ kp¥\u kfm D`pe R>¡ "d[ëQ„N' (mulching). S>du_dp„ fl¡gp c¡S>_¡ gp„bp¡ kde ky^u Åmhu fpMhp dpV$¡ R>p¡X$ `pL$ L$¡ TpX$_u ApS>ybpS>y S>du__¡ AdyL$ hõsy\u Yp„L$hp_u r¾$ep_¡ "d[ëQ„N' L$l¡hpe R>¡. S>du_ Yp„L$hp h`fpsp Ap `v$p\®_¡ "d9Q' L$l¡hpe R>¡. X$y„Nmu_u M¡sudp„ L$¡hp âL$pf_y„ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N hp`fhy„.: àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N _p¡ L$gf: rkëhf / åg¡L$ `lp¡mpC: 4 a|V$ , g„bpC: 400 duV$f,

d[ëQ„N_p¡ âL$pf : râ- lp¡g, lp¡g_p¡ âL$pf: 4 HQ - 4 HQ, A¡L$ gpC_dp„ L$¡V$gp lp¡g Aph¡ : 10 lp¡g, A¡L$ fp¡gdp„ L$¡V$gp lp¡g Aph¡ : 35000 lp¡g

X$y„Nmu_u M¡sudp„ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N L$¡hu fus¡ `p\fhy„ : >kp¥â\d M¡sf_u lmhu M¡X$ L$fhu Ðepfbpv$ 4 a|V$ _p b¡X$ b_phhp A_¡ s¡dp„ S>ê$fu dpÓpdp„ Mpsf Ap`u Ðepfbpv$ A¡L$ b¡X$dp„ rX$²`_u > b¡ g¡V$fg `p\fhu A_¡ Ðepfbpv$ s¡_p `f X$y„Nmu_y„ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N `p\fhy„ Ðepfbpv$ b¡X$ _¡ rX$²` dpfas `pZu Ap`u b¡X$_¡ cu_p¡ L$fhp¡ Ðepfbpv$ X$y„Nmu_y„ ^{„ gC_¡ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N_p lp¡gdp„ fp¡`hy„ Ap fus¡ sd¡ X$y„Nmu_u M¡sudp„ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N_p¡ âep¡N L$fu iL$p¡ R>p¡ A_¡ kp{„ DÐ`pv$_ d¡mhu iL$p¡ R>p¡ X$y„Nmu_u M¡sudp„ àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N\u \sp apev$pAp¡: c¡S>_p¡ k„N°l : àgp[õV$L$_p AphfZ\u S>du_dp_y„ `pZu hpsphfZ_p ku^p k„`L$®dp„ Aphsy _\u A_¡ k|e®âL$pi ku^p¡ S>du_ D`f `X$sp¡ _ lp¡hp\u `pZu bpó`uch_\u DX$u S>sy _\u `f„sy k|e®âL$pi_p L$pfZ¡ S>du_dp„_y `pZu hfpm õhê$`¡ a¡fhpB D`f_p cpN¡ Aph¡ R>¡. Ðep„ àgp[õV$L$_p V$u`p õhê$`¡ A„v$f_p cpN¡ fl¡ R>¡. afu\u s¡ S>du__¡ ip¡ju g¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ afu hMs Ap S>du_dp„ fl¡gp `pZu_p¡ ìee \sp¡ AV$L$¡ R>¡.

S>du__p sp`dp__u ÅmhZu: D_pmp_u Nfdu\u A_¡ riepmp_u W$„X$u\u S>du__¡ \su ku^u Akf àgp[õV$L$ hX$¡ bQphu iL$pe R>¡.

S>du__y„ k¡p¥fL$fZ: S>du_dp„ fl¡gp lpr_L$pfL$ rhjpÏ (hpefk), b¡L$V$¡fuep L$¡ AÞe lpr_L$pfL$ sÐhp¡_¡ S>du_dp„\u

v$yf L$fhp dpV$¡ A¡V$g¡ L$¡ S>du__¡ S>„sydyL$s b_phhp dpV$¡ A_¡ S>ê$fu sÐhp¡_p¡ kp¥fDÅ® hX$¡ _pi \sp¡ AV$L$phhp dpV$¡ Ap gpcL$pfL$ A_¡ kfm A_¡ kyÖY `Ùrs R>¡. S>du__y„ ^p¡hpZ AV$L$ph¡: hfkpv$_y„ `pZu ku^y S>du_dp„ k„`L$®dp„ Aphhp_¡ bv$g¡ D`f fl¡gp àgp[õV$L$_p AphfZ D`f `X$¡ R>¡. Ap_p gu^¡ hfkpv$_u ku^u Akf \hp l¡sy _\u A_¡ S>du__u rR>Öpmysp Åmhu fpM¡ R>¡. Apd d[ëQ„Nhpmu S>du_dp„ rR>Öp¡_u k„¿ep h^pf¡ lp¡e s¡\u hpeyAp¡_u l¡fa¡f h^pf¡ \pe. t_v$Z r_e„ÓZ: d[ëQ„N _p L$pfZ¡ S>du_ dp„ fl¡gy„ t_v$Z_y„ buS> õL$yfZ `pdsy _\u A_¡ S>¡ buS> DN¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ `Z `yfsp¡ âL$pi _ dmhp\u _pi `pd¡ R>¡. S>¡_p\u t_v$pdZ _piL$ v$hpAp¡_p¡ MQp£ OV$¡ R>¡ A_¡ `pL$_¡ k„`|Z® fnZ dm¡ R>¡. Ap¡R>p rhõspfdp„ h^y DÐ`pv$_ : àgp[õV$L$ d[ëQ„N _p L$pfZ¡ Ap¡R>p rhõspfdp„ h^pf¡ R>p¡X$ Aphsp lp¡hp\u Ap¡R>p rhõspfdp„\u h^pf¡ DÐ`pv$_ dm¡ R>¡ L$p„v$p_u ¼hp¡rgV$u ky^pf¡ R>¡. ayNS>Þe fp¡Np¡\u k„`|Z® fnZ dpV$u_u NyZhsp ky^pf¡ R>¡ sp¡ M¡X$|s rdÓp¡ fpl i¡_u S>yhp¡ R>p¡ X$y„Nmu_p kpfp DÐ`pv$_ dpV$¡ ApS>¡S> Ap _hu_ sL$_uL$ A`_php¡ A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ h^pfp¡

V$¡¼_p¡gp¡Æ_p¡

DNpX$u

L$pmp V$pd¡V$p L$¡ S>¡dp„ rhrh^sp

M¡X$|sp¡

guau h¡ÆV$¡bg_u rhv$¡ip¡dp„ bp¡gbpgp Å„byrX$ep\u L$pmp V$pd¡V$p d¡[¼kL$p¡_u bTpfdp„ fp¡NL$pfL$_u dprlsu hl¡gu dm¡sp¡ ? rld `X$¡sp¡ iy„ L$fhy„ L$p¡C diu_ M{„ ? કૃષિવિજ્ઞાન | િર્ષ- ૪૮ | અંક-૧૦ | નિેમ્બર-૨૦૨૨ 18 કૃષિ ષિજ્ઞાન

X$p¡.L$¡.A¡.ipl, h¥opr_L$ (kõe rhop_), îu Apf.A¡.NyS>®f, h¥opr_L$ (bpNpes), îu A¡.A¡_.gpX$, (apd® d¡_¡S>f) A_¡ X$p®.ku.L$¡.V$] bX$uep, hrf› h¥opr_L$ L$©rj rhop_ L$¡ÞÖ, _hkpfu L$©rj eyr_hrk®V$u, _hkpfu

M¡sudp„ D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpsp Mpsfp¡_p NyZ^dp£ AgN-AgN lp¡hp\u s¡d_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp dpV$¡_p D`pep¡ `Z AgN-AgN lp¡e R>¡. fpkperZL$ Mpsfp¡_p¡ L$pe®nd A_¡ A\®nd D`ep¡N \pe s¡ dpV$¡ ANÐe_p dyv$pAp¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡. _pCV$²p¡S>_ eyL$s Mpsf_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp_p D`pep¡: _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsfp¡dp„ dy¿eÐh¡ eyrfep(46% _pCV$²p¡S>_), A¡dp¡r_ed këa¡V$ (f1% _pCV$²p¡S>_), L$¡[ëied A¡dp¡r_ed _pCV$¡¹fV$(f`% _pCV$²p¡S>_) bÅfdp„ dmsp lp¡e R>¡. s¡dp„ fl¡g _pCV$²p¡S>_ sÐh_u Ö[ôA¡ eyrfep Mpsf kp¥\u kõsy„ A_¡ kl¡gpm\u dmsy„ Mpsf R>¡. `f„sy _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp_p¡ Ap^pf S>¡ s¡ rhõspf_u Apbp¡lhp D`f Ap^prfs R>¡. A¡L$ kh£ dyS>b cpfsdp„ kpfp A_¡ Mfpb lhpdp_ rhõspfdp„ _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsfp¡_u L$pe® ndsp A_y¾$d¡ 49 A_¡ 18% S>¡V$gu _p¡„^pe¡g R>¡. _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhpdp„

dy¿eÐh¡ Qpf `rfbmp¡ cpN cS>h¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ (1) _pCV$²p¡S>_ Ap`hp_u `ÜrsAp¡ (f) tkQpC_u `ÜrsAp¡ (3) S>du__p¡ âL$pf A_¡ (4) lhpdp_ `rf[õ\rs_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp dpV$¡ _uQ¡_p dyv$pAp¡ Ýep_dp„ g¡¡hp Å¡CA¡

(1) L$p¡C`Z `pL$_y„ AX$^p\u h^y DÐ`pv$_ OV$hp dpV$¡ _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s

S>du_dp„ gp„bp kde ky^u fl¡ s¡ dpV$¡ _pCV$²uauL$¡i_ âr¾$ep_p Ahfp¡^L$p¡ S>¡hp L$¡ g]bp¡mu_p s¡g L$¡ N„^L$_p `V$hpmy„ eyrfep A\hp g]bp¡mu, dlyX$p¡ L$¡ L$f„S>_p Mp¡m kp\¡ rdî L$fu_¡ hp`fhp\u ^uf¡ ^uf¡ _pCV$²p¡S>_ sÐh R>|V$y„ `X$hp\u gp„bp kde ky^u `pL$_¡ _pCV$²p¡S>_ dmsy„ fl¡ R>¡.

(f) _hp õhê$`¡ dmsp _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsf S>¡hp L$¡ eyrfep ky`f N°¡Þeyg s\p A¡_-kh®_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡. _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsf¡ S>du_dp„ L$„C S>ÁepA¡ Ap`hy„ A_¡ `pL$_u L$„C Ahõ\pA¡ Ap`hy„ A¡ `Z ANÐe_y„ ìehõ\p`_ R>¡ L$¡ S>¡\u _pCV$²¡V$ ê$`¡ lhpdp„ DX$u S>sy„ AV$L$phu iL$pe R>¡.

(3) L$yg Ap`hp_p \sp _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsf_p S>Õ\p_¡ AgNAgN ÓZ L$¡ Qpf lápdp„ `pL$_u h©rÜ_¡ Ýep_dp„ gC_¡ Ap`hp¡. S>¡ S>du__u c¡S> ^pfZ irL$s 60 V$L$p\u h^y lp¡e s¡ rhõspf S>du_dp„ lmhy„ (Ap¡R>y„) `pZu Ap`hy„. f¡spm L$¡ R>uR>fu S>du_dp„ _pV$²p¡S>_ eyL$s Mpsf Apàep bpv$ `pZu_y„ r_e„ÓZ L$fhy„ A\hp r`es Ap`hy„ bpv$ hfp`_p¡ c¡S> lp¡e Ðepf¡ eyrfep Ap`hy„. _pCV$²p¡S>_eyL$s Mpsf `pZudp„ Öpìe lp¡hp\u V$`L$ tkQpC `Ürs\u `pZu kp\¡ aV$}$N¡i_ `Ürs\u Ap`hp\u Mpsf_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfu iL$pe R>¡ A_¡ `pL$_u DÐ`pv$L$spdp„ `Z h^pfp¡ \pe R>¡. (4) cp[õdL$ L$¡ Mpfu S>du_p¡dp„ Mpsfp¡ Ap`sp `l¡gp S>ê$fueps dyS>b Æàkd Ap`hy„ s\p Aphu S>du_dp„ k¡[ÞÖe `v$p\p£_y„ âdpZ Ap¡R>y„ lp¡hp\u cgpdZ \e¡g _pCV$²p¡S>__p S>Õ\p¡ L$fsp khpep¡ S>Õ\p¡ Ap`hp¡. ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsf_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp_p D`pep¡ : ap¡õafk A¡ _pCV$²p¡S>_ `R>u buS>y ANÐe_y„ `p¡jL$ sÐh R>¡. S>du_dp„\u R>p¡X$ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$¡ s¡hp ap¡õafk_¡ gæe ap¡õafk sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ âdpZ S>du_dp„ OÏ„ Ap¡R>y„ lp¡e R>¡. S>epf¡ S>du_dp„ ap¡õafk sÐh fpkperZL$ Mpsf_p ê$`dp„ Dd¡fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡dp„ fl¡gp¡ dp¡V$p cpN_p¡ gæe ap¡õafk S>du_dp„ \su fpkperZL$ âr¾$epAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Agæe õhê$`dp„ a¡fhpC Åe R>¡. s¡_¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ ap¡õafk_y„ [õ\fuL$fZ L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap [õ\fuL$fZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ cgpdZ dyS>b Ap`hp R>sp„ OZu hMs `pL$ D`f s¡_p¡ ârscph S>Zpsp¡ _\u A_¡ s¡\u S> ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp aL$s 1`% S>¡V$gu S> Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. S>du_dp„ ap¡õafk_y„ [õ\fuL$fZ dy¿eÐh¡ ÓZ âL$pf¡ \pe R>¡. (1) S>du__p

L$rggp¡ (dpV$u_p _p_p L$Z) D`f ap¡õafk_p L$Zp¡ Ar^ip¡rjs \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ cp¥rsL$ [õ\rsL$fZ L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (f) cprõd®L$ s\p Açgue S>du_p¡dp¡ cp¥rsL$ [õ\rsL$fZ D`fp„s S>du__p L$¡[ëied A\hp gp¡l A_¡ A¡ëeyrdr_ed sÐhp¡ kp\¡ ap¡õafk_y„ Ahn¡`_ \C L$rgg k`pV$u D`f Ar^ip¡rjs \pe R>¡ cp¥rsL$ fpkperZL$ [õ\rfL$fZ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. kp¥fpô²_u Q|_p eyL$s S>du_p¡dp„ Ap âL$pf_y„ [õ\fuL$fZ \hp\u ap¡õafk sÐh_u EZ` Å¡hp dmsu lp¡e R>¡. (3) S>du__p„ M_uÅ¡ b„^pfZ dyS>b s¡_u A„v$f fl¡gp Ape_p¡ kp\¡ kdê$`u Ape_p¡ kp\¡ Av$gpbv$gu \hp\u `Z ap¡õafk_y„ [õ\rfL$fZ \pe R>¡. Mpsf Üpfp A`psu ap¡õafk_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp dpV$¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b_p dyv$pAp¡ `f Ýep_ Ap`hy„ Mpk S>ê$fu R>¡. (1) S>du_dp„ fS>L$Zp¡ kp\¡_p¡ k„`L$®: S>¡d ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsf_p¡ dpV$u_p fS>L$Zp¡ kp\¡_p¡ k„`L$® Ap¡R>p¡ s¡d s¡dp„ õ\usuL$fZ_u dpÓp Ap¡R>u . buÅ iåv$p¡dp„ L$luA¡ sp¡ `pDX$fhpmp Mpsfp¡ L$fsp v$pZpv$pf Mpsfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N rhi¡j rlsL$pfL$ R>¡ L$pfZ L$¡ v$pZpv$pf Mpsfp¡ dpV$u_p fS>L$Zp¡_p Ap¡R>p k„`L$®dp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

(f) d|m rhõspfdp„ Mpsf Ap`hy„ : ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsf R>p¡X$_p d|m rhõspfdp„ Ap`hp\u S>du__p„ fS>L$Zp¡ kp\¡_p¡ k„`L$® OV$pX$u iL$pe R>¡ s¡dS> `|„Mu_¡ Ap`hp_u `v$¹brs L$fsp„ Ap `v$¹brsdp„ S>du__p A¡L$d rhõspfdp„ Mpsf_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ OV$pX$u iL$pe .

(3) S>du__p„ c¡S>_y„ âdpZ : S>du_dp„ fl¡gp¡ s¡dS> S>yv$p S>yv$p ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsf L$¡V$gp âdpZdp„ gæe \i¡ s¡ S>du_dp„_p c¡S>_y âdpZ _L$L$u L$f¡ R>¡. S>du_dp„ ap¡õafk_u l¡fa¡f M|b S> Ap¡R>u dpÓp 3 \u 4 k¡.du. S>¡V$gu lp¡e R>¡. Ap\u s¡_p Ar^L$ ip¡jZ dpV$¡ rhL$ksp d|rmep„A¡ ap¡õafk `pk¡ `lp¡„Qhy„ Å¡CA¡. S>du_dp„ kâdpZ c¡S> Åmhhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ d|m_p¡ rhL$pk kpfp¡ \pe R>¡, S>¡_p `rfZpd¡ d|m\u v$|f fl¡gp ap¡õafk_y„ `Z ip¡jZ iL$e R>¡. s¡ dpV$¡ V$`L$ tkQpC `v$¹brs\u `pZu s\p s¡_u kp\¡ âhplu ap¡õafkeyL$s Mpsfp¡ Ap`hp\u `pL$_u DÐ`pv$L$sp h^pfu iL$pe R>¡.

(4) S>du__u `rf[õ\rs dyS>b Mpsf `k„v$ L$fhp : Q|_p eyL$s S>du_dp„ L$¡[ëied L$pbp£_¡V$_y„ L$¡V$gy„ âdpZ R>¡ s¡ ap¡õafk_p [õ\rsL$fZ dpV$¡ ANÐe_p dyv$p b_u fl¡ R>¡. Aphu S>du_dp„ `pZudp„ h^pf¡ Öpìe lp¡e s¡hp ap¡õafkeyL$s fpkperZL$ Mpsf S>¡hp L$¡ dp¡_p¡ A¡dp¡r_ed ap¡õa¡V$ kpdpÞe fus¡ h^pf¡ L$pe®nd lp¡e R>¡. `f„sy cp[õdL$ S>du_dp„ s¡_y„ [õ\rsL$fZ h^¡ R>¡ s¡\u cp[õdL$ S>du_dp„ X$pe A¡dp¡r_ed ap¡õa¡V$ (X$uA¡`u) Mpsf hp`fhy„ kgpl cey® R>¡. Açgue S>du_, h^y c¡S>hpmu Apbp¡lhp L$¡ h^y hfkpv$ lp¡e s¡dS> gp¡bp Npmp_p `pL$p¡ dpV$¡ b¡TuL$ õgN , lpX$L$p_p¡ c|L$p¡ ,fp¡L$ap¡õa¡V$ , X$pe L$¡[ëied ap¡õa¡V$ S>¡hp Mpsfp¡ hp`fhpdp„ Aph¡ s¡ h^y ep¡Áe R>¡. b^u S> Açgue S>du_dp Q|_p¡ _pMhp\u apev$p¡ \pe R>¡ L$pfZL$¡ s¡ ap¡õafk_u gæesp h^pf¡ R>¡.

(`) k|ÿd ÆhpÏ eyL$s Mpsf_p¡ D`ep¡N : õeyX$p¡dp¡_pk b¡kugk b¡L$V$¡fuep_u Åsp¡ A_¡ A¡õ`S>®rgk L$¡ `¡_ukugued a|N_u L$¡V$guL$ Åsp¡ `p¡sp_p L$p¡jdp„\u kpeV$²uL$, kL$ku_uL$ A_¡ V$pV$®r_L$ _pd_p k¡[ÞÖe Açgp¡ (A¡kuX$k) blpf `pX$¡ R>¡. S>¡ S>du_dp„ M_uS>_p ê$`dp„ fl¡g ap¡õafk _¡ Öpìe õhê$`dp„ gph¡ R>¡ Ap\u R>prZep L$¡ Nmsuep„ Mpsf kp\¡ ap¡õa¡V$ L$ëQf Üpfp Ap Ås_p kyÿd ÆhpÏ Dd¡fhp\u ap¡õafk_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfu iL$pe R>¡. `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsf_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp_p D`pep¡:

`p¡V$¡ried sÐh `pL$ DÐ`pv$_ h^pfhp D`fp„s `pL$_u NyZhsp h^pfhpdp„ D`ep¡Nu R>¡. NyS>fps_u S>du_p¡dp„ gæe `p¡V$pi_y„ âdpZ h^pf¡ lp¡hp\u hj®dp„ A¡L$ L$¡ b¡ `pL$ g¡hpsp lp¡e s¡hu `pL$ `Ürsdp„ kpdpÞe fus¡ `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡_u cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aphsu _\u. `f„sy hj®dp„ ÓZ L$¡ s¡\u h^y `pL$ DNpX$hpdp Aphsp lp¡e s¡hu Or_ô M¡su `Ürs\u S>du_dp„ gæe `p¡V$pi_u DZ` Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. s¡\u Or_ô M¡su `Ürsdp„ `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡_u cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s am s\p ipL$cpÆ_p `pL$p¡dp„ `Z `p¡V$priL$ Mpsfp¡_u cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. M¡sudp„ h`fpsp `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡ `pZudp„ Öpìe lp¡e R>¡ s\p S>du_dp„ Apàep `R>u `p¡V$¡ried sÐh S>du__p L$rgg D`f rhõ\pr`s \sy„ lp¡hp\u r_spf Üpfp ìee \sp¡ _\u A_¡ ^uf¡ ^uf¡ gp„bp Npmp ky^u `pL$_¡ dmsy„ fl¡ R>¡ . s¡\u kpdpÞe fus¡ `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡ `pL$_u hphZu `l¡gp `pep_p Mpsf sfuL$¡ Ap`hp dpV$¡ cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `f„sy f¡spm A_¡ lgL$p âshpmu S>du__p L$rgg D`f rhõ\p`_ \C iL$sy„ _ lp¡hp\u `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡ S>du_dp„ Apàep `R>u r`es L$¡ hfkpv$_p `pZu kp\¡ `pL$_p d|m rhõspf\u _uQ¡ Dsfu S>hp\u f¡spm âL$pf_u _du_dp„ `p¡V$priL$ Mpsfp¡_u L$pe®ndsp Ap¡R>u dm¡ R>¡. S>¡ h^pfhp dpV$¡ `pL$_p såbL$p hpf Mpsf_p L$yg S>Õ\p_¡ b¡ ÓZ lápdp„ Ap`hp\u Mpsf_p¡ bQph \pe R>¡ `p¡V$pieyL$s Mpsfp¡ `pZudp„ Öpìe lp¡hp\u V$`L$ tkQpC `Ürs\u `pZu kp\¡ Ap`hp\u Mpsf_p¡ bQph \pe R>¡ A_¡ `pL$_u DÐ`pv$L$spdp„ `Z h^pfp¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. S>du_ Agæe õhê$`¡ fl¡gp `p¡V$pried sÐh_¡ Öpìe ê$`dp„ gphhp dpV$¡ `p¡V$pi_¡ Öpìe b_phsp b¡L$V$¡rfep ""L$¡A¡kbu'' _pd¡ S>¥rhL$ âhplu Mpsfp¡ ip¡cpe¡gp lp¡hp\u M¡su MQ®dp„ OV$pX$p¡ \i¡ A_¡ S>du_dp„\u âv$|jZ `Z AV$L$i¡.

rÜsue A_¡ kyÿd sÐhp¡eyL$s Mpsf_u L$pe®ndsp h^pfhp_p D`pep¡: rÜsue `p¡jL$ sÐhp¡dp„ L$¡[ëied , d¡‚¡ried A_¡ N„^L$_p¡ s\p kyÿd sÐhp¡dp„ gp¡l, S>ks, d¢N¡r_T, sp„by„, bp¡fp¡_ A_¡ dp¡guåg¡X$d_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. kpdpÞe f¡su Ap b^p sÐhp¡ k¡[ÞÖe `v$p\p£ S>¡hp L$¡ R>prZey„, Nmrsey„ L$¡ Amrkep_y„ Mpsf , `pL$_p Ahi¡jp¡ , gugp¡ `X$hpi L$¡ s¡guråpep„_p Mp¡m_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp\u `pL$_¡ dmu fl¡sp lp¡e R>¡ . s¡d R>sp„ N„^L$, gp¡l A_¡ S>kseyL$s Mpsfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp_y„ lh¡ âQrgs bÞey R>¡. Ap Mpsfp¡_p¡ L$pe®nd D`ep¡N \pe s¡ dpV$¡ _uQ¡_p dyv$p Ýep_ dp„ fpMhp S>ê$fu R>¡.

1) `pL$_p rhL$pk dpV$¡ b^p S> `p¡jL$ sÐhp¡ kâdpZ `|fp `pX$hp Å¡CA¡. Ap dpV$¡ `pL$ hphsp `l¡gp„ S>du__u QL$pkZu L$fhu A_¡ cgpdZ dyS>b_p„ Mpsfp¡ Ap`hp.

f) fpkperZL$ Mpsfp¡_u kp\¡ iL$e s¡V$gy„ R>prZey„ L$¡ L$ç`p¡kV$ Mpsf A\hp gugp `X$hpi_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡ L$pfZL$¡ s¡Ap¡ fpkperZL$ Mpsf_p `|fL$ R>¡.

3) bÅfdp„ D`gå^ âhplu S>¥rhL$ Mpsfp¡ S>¡hp L$¡ fpCTp¡bued, A¡T¡V$p¡b¡L$V$f, S>du_dp„ fl¡g ap¡õafk, `p¡V$pi A_¡ T]L$ S>¡hp sÐhp¡_¡ Öìe b_phsp k|ÿd ÆhpÏ„eyL$s âhplu S>¥rhL$ Mpsfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡ .

4) N„^L$_u DZ` ^fphsu S>du_dp„ eyfuep_p hS>__p S>¡V$gy„ N„^L$ s¡_u kp\¡ rdî L$fu A\hp l¡L$V$f¡ `00 rL$.N°p. Æàkd Ap`hy„ kgplcey® R>¡.

`) A¡L$ l¡L$V$fdp„ S>ê$fu S>Õ\pdp„ Ape_® këa¡V$ L$¡ T]L$ këa¡V$ Mpsf_¡ `00 rL$.N°p R>prZep L$¡ L$ç`p¡ô Mpsf kp\¡ rdî L$fu YNgp_¡ 4` rv$hk ky^u R>p„eX$pdp„ fpMu_¡ `pL$_u hph`u `l¡gp S>du_dp„ c¡mhhp\u Ap k|ÿd sÐhp¡ gp„bp kde ky^u `pL$_¡ gæe b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ L$pe®nL$sp h^¡ R>¡.

Apd, S>yv$p S>yv$p `pL$ S>du_ A_¡ lhpdp__u `rf[õ\rs dyS>b fpkperZL$ Msfp¡ hp`fhp_u `Ürs dyS>b fpkperZL$ Mpsfp¡_p¡ hp`fhp_u `Ürs_p¡ DZep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ dp¡„Op fpkperZL$ Mpsfp¡_p¡ bQph L$fu_¡ M¡su MQ®dp„ , OV$pX$p¡ L$fu_¡ `pL$_u DÐ`pv$L$sp h^pfhp_u kp\¡ kp\¡ S>du_ s\p lhp_y„ âv$|jL$ h^sy„ Qp¡L$L$k AV$L$phu iL$pe.

X$p¡.Æ.Apf.Np¡rlg, kl rhõsfZ rinZ r_epdL$, rhõsfZ rinZ r_epdL$îu_u L$Q¡fu, S>|_pNY L$©rj eyr_hrk®V$u, S>|_pNY

L$uV$_piL$ fkpeZp¡_p rhrh^ õhê$`p¡

L$uV$_piL$p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N M¡su `pL$p¡dp„ _yL$kp_ L$fsu rhrh^ Æhpsp¡_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$ fkpeZp¡ S>yv$p S>yv$p õhê$`¡ bÅfdp„ dm¡ R>¡. A¡L$ S> âL$pf_y„ kr¾$e sÐh ^fphsu L$uV$_piL$ AgN-AgN õhê$`¡ dmsu lp¡hp\u S>¡ s¡ Æhps_u _yL$kp_ L$fhp_u fus A_¡ hs®ÏL$_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu s¡_¡ A_yê$` õhê$` (ap¡çe®yg¡i_)_u `k„v$Nu L$fu iL$pe R>¡. L$uV$_piL$ fkpeZp¡ dy¿eÐh¡ O_, âhplu A_¡ hpey õhê$`¡ dm¡ R>¡. O_ õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡

c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡ : Aphp c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡_p `¡L$]N `f A„N°¡Ædp„ "X$u' (X$õV$) A\hp "X$u`u' (X$õV$¡bg `pDX$f) gM¡gy„ lp¡e R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p c|L$pê$`

L$uV$_piL$p¡_u b_phV$dp„ kr¾$e sÐh kp\¡ r_[ó¾$e `v$p\® (L$¡fuef) rdî L$fu s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ 1.5 % (¼gp¡f`pefuap¡k) A_¡ 1.5 % ([¼h_pgap¡k) kr¾$e sÐh ^fphsp c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡ dm¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡ ku^¡ ku^p `pL$ `f R>p„V$u iL$pe R>¡. c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡ `pZudp„ AÖpìe lp¡e R>¡. Qphu_¡ Mp_pfu Æhpsp¡_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡ (25 \u 30 rL$.N°p/l¡)_u cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ `pZu_u AR>shpmp k|L$p rhõspfdp„ L$¡ Äep„ `pZu kl¡gpB\u D`gå^ _ \B iL$¡ s¡d lp¡e Ðep„

c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. buS> dphS>s dpV$¡ h`fpsp L$uV$_piL$p¡

`pL$_u hphZu ANpD L$¡V$gpL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ buS> dphS>s dpV$¡ S> h`fpe R>¡. s¡_¡ kuX$ X$²¡kf (A¡kX$u) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. OZu hMs s¡ X$²pe kuX$ X$²¡kf (X$uA¡k) sfuL$¡ `Z Ap¡mMpe R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡_¡ \p¡X$p `pZu kp\¡ rdî L$fu buS> dphS>s `l¡gp dphS>s Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. s¡ h¡V$¡bg kõ`¡Þi_ (X$bëey A¡k) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. v$p.s. BduX$p¼gp¡âuX$ A_¡ \pep¡du\p¡¼Tpd 70 X$bëey.A¡k. M¡su `pL$p¡dp„ buS> dphS>s A„N¡_u S>yv$u S>yv$u fusp¡ kyL$u dphS>s : hphsp `l¡gp a|N_piL$/Æhps _piL$ v$hp_p¡ `V$ rbepfZ_¡ Ap`u hph¡sf L$fhp_u cgpdZ R>¡. Qp¡½$k hS>_ L$f¡g rbepfZ_p S>Õ\p_¡ cgpdZ L$f¡g v$hp_u dpÓp kp\¡ rdî L$fu "kuX$ X$²¡k]N X$²d'dp„ _p„Mu Np¡m-Np¡m a¡fhhp\u b^pS> buS>_¡ A¡L$kfMp¡ `V$ gpNu Åe R>¡. _p_p S>Õ\pdp„ buS> lp¡e sp¡ sNpê$, X$p¡g L$¡ AÞe _p_p hpkZdp„ S>ê$fu dpÓpdp„ buS> A_¡ v$hpAp¡ c¡Np L$fu hpkZ_¡ lgphhp\u buS> `f v$hp_p¡ `V$ QY¡ R>¡.

Nfd lhp_u dphS>s : Ap âL$pf_u dphS>s kpdpÞe fus¡ i¡fX$u S>¡hp ÅX$u R>pghpmp `pL$p¡ dpV$¡ cgpdZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. i¡fX$u_p L$V$L$p„ (buS>) _¡ `4 k¡. N°¡.

sp`dp_¡ kss 8 L$gpL$ ky^u Nfd lhp (hfpm) dp„ fpMhp\u L$V$L$p„dp„ fl¡gp fp¡NL$pfL$p¡ A_¡ L$uV$L$p¡_p¡ _pi \pe R>¡. cu_u dphS>s : S>„sy_piL$ v$hp_¡ `pZudp„ ep¡Áe âdpZdp„ Ap¡Npmu rbepfZ_¡ dphS>s Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. v$p.s. dNamudp ^¥Z_p r_eÓZ dpV$¡ h`fpsu ¼gp¡f`pefuap¡k 20 Cku, A¡L$ L$u.N°p. buS> v$uW$ 20 rd.gu. Ap`hu.

k|e®_u Nfdu_u dphS>s : OJ_p `pL$dp„ Å¡hp dmsp A_ph©s A„Npfuep (gyT õdV$) _pd_p fp¡N dpV$¡ S>hpbv$pf fp¡NL$pfL$ a|N buS>_u A„v$f_p cpNdp„ õ\peu \e¡g lp¡e R>¡. Aphp buS>_¡ blpf_u bpS>yA¡ L$p¡C a|N_piL$ v$hp_u dphS>s AkfL$pfL$ r_hX$su _\u. Aphp k„Å¡Np¡dp„ rbepfZ_¡ W$„X$p `pZudp„ Qpf¡L$ L$gpL$ `gpþep bpv$ blpf L$pYu N¡ëh¡_pCT `sfp `f `p\fu k|e®_p sp`dp„ b`p¡f_p 1f \u 3 hpÁep ky^u s`hp v$¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ `R>u s¡_¡ W$„X$p `pX$u k„N°l L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap âdpZ¡_u dphS>s\u rbepfZdp„ \f \e¡g a|N_p buÅÏ„_y„ õayfZ \pe R>¡ A_¡ k|e®_u Nfdu\u _pi `pd¡ R>¡. Nfd `pZu_u dphS>s : i¡fX$u_p L$V$L$p„_¡ S>¡ fus¡ Nfd lhp_u dphS>s Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, s¡ S> l¡sykf Nfd `pZu_u dphS>s `Z Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. Ap dpV$¡ i¡fX$u_p L$V$L$p„_¡ `0 k¢. N°¡. s`pdp_ ^fphsp `pZudp„ f L$gpL$ bp¡mu fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. sp`dp_ (DóZspdp_) 40 k¢.N°¡. L$fsp JQy Åe Ðepf¡ Ap fus AkfL$pfL$ _uhX$¡ R>¡. apev$pL$pfL$ ÆhpÏ_u dphS>s : L$W$p¡mhN®_p buS>_¡ fpCTp¡rbed, ^pÞehN®_p buS>_¡ A¡T¡V$p¡b¡L$V$f L$¡ A¡Tp¡õ`pefugd s¡dS> rhrh^ `pL$p¡dp„ Agæe sÐh_¡ gæe b_phsp kyÿd ÆhpÏAp¡_p„ L$ëQf_u buS> dphS>s Ap`u hphZu L$fhp\u `pL$ DÐ`pv$_ h^y d¡mhu iL$pe R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u buS> dphS>s\u kyndÆhpÏAp¡_u Mpkues dyS>b `pL$_¡ _CV$²p¡S>_ L$¡ AÞe `p¡jL$ sÐhp¡ `yfp `pX$¡ R>¡. `pZudp„ Ap¡Nmu iL$¡ s¡hp L$uV$_piL$p¡ : Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡_p kyÿd fS>L$Zp¡ `pZudp„ Ap¡Nmu Åe R>¡ A_¡ ÖphZ b_ph¡ R>¡. s¡\u s¡ "kp¡ëeybg `pDX$f' (A¡k`u) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡dp„ kr¾$e sÐh_y„ âdpZ 20 \u dp„X$u 75% ky^u lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s. A¡kuV$pduâuX$ 20%, A¡kua¡V$ 75% h¡V$¡bg `pDX$f_u S>¡d Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡_p R>„V$L$ph hMs¡ õâ¡efdp„ A¡ÆV$¡V$f_u S>ê$f `X$su _\u. v$pZpv$pf L$uV$_piL$p¡ : Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡ _p_p-_p_p v$pZp (N°¡Þeyëk) õhê$`dp„ lp¡e R>¡. s¡\u s¡_p `¡L$]N/L$pV$y®_`f "Æ' (N°¡Þeyëk) gM¡g lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s. L$pbp£aéyfp_ 3Æ, ¼gp¡f`pefuap¡k 10 Æ A_¡ L$pfV$¡` lpBX$²p¡¼gp¡ fpCX$ 4Æ hN¡f¡.

v$pZpv$pf L$uV$_piL$p¡_¡ ku^¡ ku^p S>du_dp„, Qpkdp„ L$¡ R>p¡X$_u c|„Nmudp„ Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. S>du_dp„ fl¡gp c¡S>_u lpS>fudp„ s¡ Ap¡Nmu d|m hpV$¡ R>p¡X$dp„ ip¡jpe R>¡. s¡_u Akf OZp gp„bp kde ky^u Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ Npcdpfp_u Bem, Q|rkep„ âL$pf_u Æhpsp¡ A_¡ L$©rd _p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ v$pZpv$pf L$uV$_piL$p¡ h`fpe R>¡. L$¡V$gpL$ v$pZpv$pf L$uV$_piL$ d_yóep¡ dpV$¡ M|b S> T¡fu lp¡B s¡_p v$pZpv$pf õhê$` `f Mpk âL$pf_y„ A¡L$ `psmy AphfZ (`X$) QX$phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡\u s¡ d_yóe_u QpdX$u_p ku^p k„`L$®dp„ Aphsp _\u. Aphu v$pZpv$pf b_phV$_¡ "L$¡àõeyg¡V$¡X$ N°¡Þeyëk' (kuÆ) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. AdyL$ v$pZpv$pf L$uV$_piL$p¡ A¡hu fus¡ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L$¡ Äep f¡ X$p„Nf_u `pZu cf¡gu L$épfudp„ s¡_¡ `y„Mhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ iê$Apsdp„ s¡ `pZu_p srme¡ b¡ku Åe R>¡ `f„sy \p¡X$p kde bpv$ s¡ `pZu_u k`pV$u `f sfsp Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ A_¡ ^uf¡ ^uf¡ `pZudp„ Ap¡Nmu Åe R>¡. Aphp ap¡çe®y g¡i_ "A¡aÆ' (ãgp¡V$]N N°¡Þeyëk) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ X$p„Nf_p d|m_p Qp„Qhp_p s¡dS> dNãmu dp dym _¡ _y¼kp_ L$fsu Æhpsp¡_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. `pZudp„ c]S>hu iL$pe s¡hp L$uV$_piL$p¡ AdyL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡ `pZudp„ rdî L$fsp s¡ Ap¡Nmsp _\u `f„sy s¡_p fS>L$Zp¡_¡ `pZu\u a¼s c]S>hu S> iL$pe R>¡. s¡\u s¡ h¡V$¡bg `pDX$f (X$bëey `u) L$¡ hp¡V$f X$uõ`k}$bg `pDX$f (X$bëey X$u`u) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. bÅfdp„ 25 \u dp„X$u 50% ky^u_u kp„Ösphpmp L$uV$_piL$p¡ dm¡ R>¡. v$p.s. X$peãgyb¡ÞTyfp¡_ 25% h¡.`p., X$pea¡\ueyfp¡_ 50% h¡.`p. Mpk L$fu_¡ Qphu_¡ Mp_pfu Æhpsp¡ dpV$¡ s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. s¡_p R>„V$L$ph v$fçep _ L$uV$_piL$p¡_p fS>L$Zp¡ õâ¡ ef_u V$p„L$u_p srme¡ b¡ku _ Åe s¡ dpV$¡ A¡ÆV$¡V$f_u fQ_phpmp õâ¡ef (_¡`k¡L$)_u `k„v$Nu L$fhu rlsphl R>¡. L$¡V$gpL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡_p fS>L$Zp¡ A¡¼v$d _p_p A_¡ A¡L$kfMp L$v$_p lp¡e R>¡. s¡_¡ `pZudp„ Dd¡fsp s¡_p fS>L$Zp¡ `pZu_p dpÝeddp„ kss Apd\u s¡d lg_Qg_ L$fsp Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Aphp "h¡V$¡bg N°¡Þeyëk' (X$bëey Æ) A\hp "hp¡V$f X$uõ`k}$bg N°¡Þeyëk' (X$bëey X$uÆ) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡ s¡dp„ kr¾$e sÐh_y„ âdpZ 5 \u dp„X$u 50% ky^u lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s. A¡dpd¡¼V$u_ b¡ÞTp¡A¡V$ 5%, \pep¡d¡\p¡¼Tpd 25%, ¼gp¡\uep_uX$u_ 50% X$bëeyÆ.

Np¡mu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡ L$¡V$gpL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡_u b_phV$dp„ kr¾$e sÐh_¡ hplL$ (L$¡fuef) kp\¡ Mpk âL$pf¡ c¡mhu_¡ s¡_u _p_u- _p_u Np¡muAp¡ L$¡ V$¡åg¡V$/V$uL$X$u b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Aphu Np¡muAp¡ `pZudp„ _p„Msp s¡ k„`|Z® `Z¡ Ap¡Nmu Åe R>¡ A_¡ âhplu õhê$`¡ `pL$ `f R>„V$pe R>¡. v$p.s. X$¡ëV$pd¡\°u_. s¡ D`fp„s L$¡V$gpL$ Np¡mu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$ c¡S>_p k„kN® dp„ Aphsp s¡dp„\u T¡fu N¡k _uL$m¡ R>¡ S>¡ lhpQyõs S>Áep dp„ fl¡g Æhpsp¡_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ h`fpe R>¡. v$p.s. A¡ëey du_ued ap¡õapCX$. A¡L$v$d bpfuL$ c|L$pê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡

L$¡V$gpL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡dp„ fl¡g kr¾$e sÐh dp¡V$p cpN_p kp¡ëhÞV$ A_¡ `pZudp„ M|b S> Aë` âdpZdp„ Ap¡Nmhp_p¡ NyZ^d® ^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ AdyL$ Mpk âL$pf_p kp¡ëhÞV$dp„ S> Ap¡Nm¡ R>¡. Aphp k„Å¡Np¡dp„ A¡L$v$d bpfuL$ c|L$pê$` (apB_ X$õV$) kr¾$e sÐh_¡ Aë` dpÓpdp„ `pZu kp\¡ rdî L$fu Mpk âL$pf_p ap¡çe®y g¡i_ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ ãgp¡ h¡bg kõ`¡Þk_ (A¡a.A¡k.) A\hp õâ¡ e¡bg kõ`¡Þk_ (A¡k.A¡k) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡_¡ Äepf¡ `pZu kp\¡ rdî L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðep f¡ s¡ h¡V$¡bg `pDX$f_u S>¡d "kõ`¡Þk_' ê$`¡ R>„V$L$ph dpV$¡_y„ âhplu rdîZ b_¡ R>¡. v$p. s. CduX$pL$gp¼gp¡âpCX$ 600 A¡a.A¡k. Np¡mu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡ L$¡V$gpL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡_u b_phV$dp„ kr¾$e sÐh_¡ hplL$ (L$¡fuef) kp\¡ Mpk âL$pf¡ c¡mhu_¡ s¡_u _p_u- _p_u Np¡muAp¡ L$¡ V$¡åg¡V$/V$uL$X$u b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Aphu Np¡muAp¡ `pZudp„ _p„Msp s¡ k„`|Z® `Z¡ Ap¡Nmu Åe R>¡ A_¡ âhplu õhê$`¡ `pL$ `f R>„V$pe R>¡. v$p.s. X$¡ëV$pd¡\°u_. s¡ D`fp„s L$¡V$gpL$ Np¡mu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$ c¡S>_p k„kN® dp„ Aphsp s¡dp„\u T¡fu N¡k _uL$m¡ R>¡ S>¡ lhpQyõs S>Áep dp„ fl¡g Æhpsp¡_p r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ h`fpe R>¡. v$p.s. A¡ëey du_ued ap¡õapCX$. âhplu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡ (1) `pZudp„ Öpìe âhpluê$` L$uV$_piL$p¡

AdyL$ L$uV$_piL$p¡dp„ fl¡g kr¾$e sÐh `pZudp„ Öpìe lp¡hp\u s¡dp„ "Bdëkuapef' rdî L$fhp_u S>ê$f `X$su _\u. s¡\u Aphp âhpluê$` L$uV$_piL$_¡ Äepf¡ `pZudp„ rdî L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ Öpìe b_u Åe R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„\u b_sy âhplu rdîZ v$|r^ep ka¡v$ _ b_sp f„Nhulu_ b_¡ R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡ guL$huX$ (A¡g), kp¡ëeybg guL$huX$ (A¡kA¡g), hp¡V$f kp¡ëeybg gu¼huX$ (X$bëey A¡kA¡g), hp¡V$f kp¡ëeybg L$p¡Þk¡ÞV$²¡V$(X$bëey A¡kku) L$¡ kp¡ëeybg L$p¡Þk¡ÞV$²¡V$ (A¡kku) S>¡hp rhrh^ _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. v$p.s. dp¡_p¡¾$p¡V$p¡ap¡k 36 X$bëey A¡kku, BduX$p¼gp¡ âuX$ 17.8 A¡k.A¡g., BÞX$p¡¼Tp L$pb® 14.5 A¡k.ku. hN¡f¡

(2) Bdëku apA¡bg L$p¡Þk¡ÞV$²¡V$

Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡ `pZudp„ Öpìe lp¡sp _\u `f„sy s¡dp„ fl¡gp kr¾$e sÐh_¡ Mpk âL$pf_p fkpeZ (Bdëku apef), M_uS>s¡g (kp¡ëhÞV$) A_¡ [õ\ fuL$fZ L$fsp `v$p\® kp\¡ r_^p® fus âdpZdp„ c¡mhu S>gv$ âhplu õhê$`¡ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Aphp âhplu õhê$`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡ "Bku' (BdëkuapA¡bg L$p¡Þk¡ÞV$²¡V$) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. s¡dp„ kr¾$e sÐh_y„ âdpZ 2.5% \u dp„X$u 80% ky^u lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s. X$¡ëV$pd¡\°u_ 2.5 Bku, Apëapd¡\°u_ 5 Bku, kpe`fd¡\°u_ 10 Bku, [¼h _pgap¡k 25 Bku A_¡ V$²pBTp¡ap¡k 40 Bku. Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡_¡ Äep f¡ `pZudp„ rdî L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðep f¡ s¡ âhplu rdîZ v$|r^ep ka¡v$ f„N_y„ b_¡ R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡ ip¡jL$ A_¡ rb_ip¡jL$ A¡d bß¡ âL$pf_p lp¡e R>¡.

(3) AëV$²p gp¡ hp¡ëeyd âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡ Ap âL$pf_p L$uV$_piL$p¡dp„ kr¾$e sÐh M|b S> S>gv$ âdpZdp„ lp¡e R>¡. s¡_¡ `pZudp„ rdî L$f¹ ep rk hpe ku^¡ ku^p `pL$ `f R>p„V$u iL$pe R>¡. kr¾$e sÐh_¡ Mpk JQu NyZhÑp ^fphsp M_uS>s¡g (kp¡ëhÞV$)dp„ Ap¡Npmhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ L$p¡B`Z âL$pf_p Bdëku apef h`fpsp _\u. A¡L$d rhõsp f v$uW$ v$hp_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ M|b S> Ap¡R>p âdpZdp„ h`fpsp¡ lp¡hp\u s¡ "AëV$²p gp¡hp¡ëeyd' (eyA¡ghu) A\hp "gp¡ hp¡ëeyd' (A¡ghu) A\hp "gp¡ hp¡ëey d L$p¡Þk¡ÞV$²¡V$' (A¡ghuku) sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. s¡_¡ R>„V$L$ph L$fhp dpV$¡ Mpk âL$pf_p õâ¡ef (¼ÞV$²p¡g X$²p¡àg¡V$ A¡àguL$¡V$f) _p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ lhpB R>„V$L$ph hMs¡ Aphp ap¡çe®y g¡i__p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡.

(4) Ap¡Bg X$uõ`k}$ bg (OD) âhplu õh{`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$ fkpeZp¡dp„ h`fpsp L$¡V$gpL$ kp¡ëhÞV$ T¡fu A_¡ kmNu DW$¡ s¡hp lp¡e R>¡. s¡\u s¡_u kp\¡ rb_ T¡fu/ Ap¡R>p T¡fu A_¡ kmNu _ DW$¡ s¡hp kp¡ëhÞV$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu Ap¡X$u (Ap¡Bg X$uõ`k}$bg) õh{`_p L$uV$_piL$p¡ rhL$kphhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Aphp L$uV$_piL$p¡_u S>¥rhL$ AkfL$pfL$sp B.ku A_¡ A¡k.ku õh{`¡ dmsp L$uV$_piL$p¡ L$fsp âdpZdp„ OZu kpfu lp¡e R>¡. s¡ `pZudp„ kl¡gpB\u rdî \B iL$¡ R>¡. v$p. s. kpeÆ`pef 10 Ap¡.X$u A_¡ õepBfp¡V$¡V$²p d¡V$ 150 Ap¡.X$u.

(5) âhplu ^ydL$f L$uV$_piL$p¡ âhplu ^ydL$f (aéyduNÞV$)_p¡ D`ep¡N A_pS>_p `u`, L$p¡W$pf, hMpf, Np¡X$pD_ L$¡ b„r^ epf (lhpQ|õs) S>Áep dp„ Æhps r_e„ÓZ dpV$¡ \pe R>¡. v$p.s. B\ugu_ X$peb°p¡dpBX$. Ap âL$pf_p âhplu ^ydL$f_¡ My‰pdp„ d|L$sp s¡dp„\u T¡fu hpey DÐ`ß \pe R>¡.

fpku r_ep¡ - fpku d¡ÆL$_p¡ Åvy$

_dõL$pf M¡X$|s rdÓp¡, fpku kuX$¹k fpku r_ep¡ Ås M¡X$|sp¡ hÃQ¡ A¡L$ QQp®_p¡ rhje b_u Ne¡g R>¡. s¡_y„ dy¿e L$pfZ R>¡ Ap Åsdp„ Q|kuep Æhps Ap¡R>u Aph¡ R>¡ S>¡\u v$hp_p¡ R>„V$L$ph kph Ap¡R>p¡ L$fhp¡ `X$¡ R>¡, fpku r_ep¡ hph¡sf L$f_pf îu L$¡s_ cpC d¡OÆcpC hpkpZuep Npd: MuS>X$uep sp. V„$L$pfp Æ. dp¡fbu dp¡. 99042 29159 `p¡sp_p A_ych S>Zphsp L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ fpku r_ep¡dp„ Æ„X$hp dp¡V$p A_¡ hS>_v$pf R>¡, rhZhpdp„ kfm R>¡, Dspfp¡ kpfp¡ b¡k¡ R>¡, R>p¡X$ A¡L$v$d gugp¡ fl¡ R>¡. fpku r_ep¡ Åsdp„ d_¡ MybS> kp{„ DÐ`pv$_ v$¡MpC füy„ R>¡ A_¡ AÐepf¡ buÆ Åsp¡dp„ Æ„X$hp `Z Å¡hp _\u dmsp s¡_u kfMpdZuA¡ d_¡ fpku r_ep¡ Åsdp„ `l¡gu S> huZudp„ S> gNcN 27 dZ/rhO¡ Dspfp¡ dmi¡. S>¡ kpbus L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ Ap Ås Aphu rhL$V$ `rf[õ\rsdp„ `Z M¡X$|sp¡_¡ M|b S> DÐ`pv$_ Ap`u iL$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> fpku 659_y„ hph¡sf L$f_pf M¡X$|s îu A_ugcpC L$p„rscpC Npd : smpÅ, sp. smpÅ, Æ. cph_Nf dp¡. 97237 36730 `Z `p¡sp_p M¡sfdp„ fpku 659 Ås gNphu_¡ Myb S> Myi R>¡. L$pfZ L$>¡ s¡_p

f„Æstkl rlftkl `fdpf Npd : V$]çbp_p d|hpX$p sp. rhf`|f, Æ. drlkpNf dp¡. 9638669081 rbÁNu L$`pk A¡V$g¡ dpÝed kdedp„ `pL$su Ås, cfphv$pf R>p¡X$, kufuTdp„ Æ„X$hp gpN¡,

_dõL$pf M¡X$|s rdÓp¡, dp{„ _pd d_ujcpB L$¡ihÆcpB Np¡`pZu, Npd: _hp ^_íepdNY, spgyL$p¡: lmhv$, rS>‰p¡: dp¡fbu, dp¡bpBg _„: 9825203100 Ap hj£ d¡ ArS>s L$„`_u_p¡ AÆs-52 Ås 32 A¡L$fdp„ 40 `¡L$¡V$_y„ hph¡sf L$f¡g R>¡. Ap Ås d¢ Nep hj£ Adpfp bpS>y_p Npd Q„ÖNYdp„ hph¡sf lsy„ Ðep„ Å¡ep¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ M|b Ap¡R>u Æhps A_¡ M|b Æ„X$hp lsp. Ap Ås_y„ hph¡sf 23d¡ _p fp¡S> L$f¡g R>¡. Ap L$`pk_p¡ DNphp¡ M|b kpfp¡ füp¡ A_¡ dpÓ Qpf hMs v$hp_p¡ R>„V$L$ph L$f¡g R>¡. Ap Åsdp Q|rkep Æhps_y„ _yL$kp_ M|b \pe R>¡. lpg 30 kàV$¡çbf ky^u R>p¡X$ `f 80-90 Æ„X$hp s¥epf R>¡. 8-10 Æ„X$hp apV$u Nep R>¡, 30-40 R>bMp A_¡ 10-12 ayg Myg¡gp R>¡. Æ„X$hp `Z dÝed L$v$_p R>¡. L$`pk_u apV$ M|b kpfu R>¡ A_¡ rhZhpdp„ M|b kfm R>¡. ApS>y bpS>ydp„ hph¡sf \e¡g Åsp¡ L$fsp M|b kp{„ `rfZpd v$¡Mpe R>¡. ApV$gp Æ„X$hp lp¡hp R>sp„ gugp¡R>d Ecp¡ R>¡. ArS>s L$„`_u_u Ap _hu Ås M|b kpfu R>¡ A_¡ ly„ v$f¡L$ M¡X$|sp¡_¡ cgpdZ L$fui L$¡ Ap Ås hphhp S>¡hu R>¡.

_pd:- cyfpcpC L$pmycpC rhfX$uep Npd: kuv$kf(íepd`fp) spgyL$p¡ A_¡ Ɖp¡: cph_Nf dp¡bpCg _„bf: 9924596869

dp{„ _pd cyfpcpC L$pmycpC rhfX$uep R>¡, ly„ kuv$kf (íepd`fp)_p¡ fl¡hp\u R>y„. ly„ R>¡‰p kps hj®\u AÆs L$„`_u_p¡ AÆs-155 L$`pk_y„ hph¡sf L${„ R>y„. dpfu `pk¡ 12.5 rhOp (5 A¡L$f) S>du_ R>¡ Ap S>du_dp„\u dpf¡ Nep hj® 460 dZ (95 L$huÞV$)_y„ DÐ`pv$_ dþey„ lsy„. L$`pk_u h¡fpeV$udp„ Ap¡R>p MQ® h^pf¡ DÐ`pv$_ dm¡ R>¡. dpfu S>du_dp„ X$²u` _pM¡g R>¡ A_¡ d¢ Ap hj® `Z hj®\u Ap AÆs 155 L$`pk_y„ hph¡sf L$f¡g R>¡ dpf¡ Ap hj® `Z `f1 dZ S>¡V$gy„ DÐ`pv$_ Aphi¡. R>¡‰p AdyL$ h¡fpeV$udp„ d_¡ OZp _hp ky^pfpAp¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡,buÆ h¡fpeV$uAp¡ L$fsp Ap L$`pkdp„ v$hp_p¡ MQ® Ap¡R>p¡ Aph¡ R>¡, d¢ Qpf hMs v$hp_p¡ R>„V$L$ph L$f¡g R>¡.`pepdp„ X$u.A¡.`u. Mpsf A¡L$ huOp v$uW$ 15 rL$gp¡_p âdpZ¡ Ap`¡g R>¡. buÅ L$`pk L$fsp Ap L$`pk_u Åsdp„ ÆX$hp_u k„¿ep M|b S> h^pf¡ R>¡ A_¡ hS>_ `Z kpfp¡ Aph¡ R>¡ s\p huZu `Z hl¡gu Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ â\d huZu dpf¡ A¡L$ huOpdp„\u 13 dZ_u Aphu lsu. Ap L$`pk Å¡C_¡ dpfu ApS>y-bpS>y_p M¡X$|sp¡ `Z Ap hj® AÆs 155 _y„ hph¡sf L$ey¯ R>¡. L$`pk R>¡‰¡ ky^u gugp¡ fl¡ R>¡ h^y dprlsu dpV$¡ ap¡_ L$fp¡.96876 99299

r_^u kuX$¹k gph¡ R>¡ L$`pk_p rbepfZp¡

_dõL$pf M¡X$|s rdÓp¡ r_r^ kuX$¹k_p buÅ b^p `pL$_p rbepfZ\u A¡ kp¥ `rfrQs R>p¡ S>, `{„sy r_r^ kuX$¹k_u L$`pk_u h¡fpCV$u L$¡ S>¡ Aphsp kdedp„ Aphhp_u R>¡, s¡ h¡fpCV$u r_r^ ipep¡L$ A_¡ r_r^ rfh¡fp_u rhõs©s dprlsu A_¡ M¡X$|s âep¡N_p Arcâpe Ap`uA¡ R>uA¡ lj®v$cpC `u`muep Npd: d¡V$p¡X$p (fpS>L$p¡V$) dp¡bpCg _„bf: 99494 34050 h¡fpCV$u: r_r^ ipep¡L$ lj®v$ cpC_y„ L$l¡hy„ R>¡ L$¡ L$`pkdp„ ka¡v$dpMu_p¡ D`Öh bh Ap¡R>p¡ R>¡, fp¡N Æhps _rlhs Aph¡ R>¡, Nygpbu Cem _\u Aphsu. A¡L$ R>p¡X$dp„ 80-100 T]X$hp, T]X$hp_u k„¿ep h^pf¡ R>¡, T]X$hy„ hS>_ v$pf A_¡ ApMy„ Mygsy„ lp¡hp\u rhZpV$dp„ kfmsp fl¡ R>¡, hpf„hpf apg gpN¡ R>¡ A_¡ h^y hfkpv$ kpd¡ V$L$u iL$¡ R>¡. cuMycpB kp¡g„L$u Npd: apNZu (sp. L$¡ip¡v$, rS>‰p¡: S>|_pNY ) dp¡bpCg _„bf: 9427924818 h¡fpCV$u: r_r^ rfh¡fp

cuMy cpC L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡, dS>b|s R>p¡X$, fp¡N Æhps Ap¡R>p, M|ghpdp„ kpfp¡ lp¡hp\u rhZpV$dp„ kfmsp, T]X$hp dp¡V$p lp¡hp\u hS>_ dp„ cpf¡. Np¡`pgcpC k„Mpfhp (`u`fX$u ) h¡fpCV$u: r_r^ rfh¡fp Np¡`pgcpC L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ V$|„L$u Np„W$¡ a|V$ R>¡ , T]X$hp dp¡V$p R>¡ , Qykuep Æhps bh Ap¡R>u Aph¡ R>¡, Nygpbu Cem _\u Aphsu. r_r^ rfh¡fp R>p¡X$ _p¡ âL$pf: cfphv$pf, a|g Aphhp_p rv$hkp¡: 50-55 rv$hk, T]X$hp _p¡ hS>_: 5.3-5.6 N°pd, `pL$hp_p rv$hk: 165-170 rv$hk, Qykuep âL$pf_u Æhps kpd¡ kl_iug r_r^ ipep¡L$ R>p¡X$_p¡ âL$pf My‰p âL$pf_p¡, a|g Aphhp_p rv$hkp¡: 55-60 rv$hk, T]X$hp _p¡ hS>_ 5.5-5. 7 N°pd, `pL$hp_p rv$hkp¡: 170-180 rv$hk, Qykuep âL$pf_u Æhps kpd¡ kl_iug h^y dprlsu dpV$¡ ap¡_ L$fp¡.94269 42254

L$`pk hS>_v$pf A_¡ fp¡N Æhps

R>¡. L$`pk huZhpdp„ kl¡gp¡ lp¡hp\u dSy>fu MQ® `Z

`fpkfp as¡dp¡ldv$

Npd: Sy>_u L$gphX$u, sp. hp„L$p_¡f, Æ. dp¡fbu dp¡. 95748 16696 drlL$p¡ ^_v$¡h Np¡ëX$ Åsdp„ fp¡N A¡L$v$d Ap¡R>p¡ A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ h^y Ap`¡ R>¡. L$`pk R>¡L$ ky^u gugp¡ fl¡ R>¡ h^y hfkpv$dp„ `Z k|L$pfp¡ gpNsp¡ _\u A_¡ huZhpd„p kfm lp¡hp\u dSy>fu Ap¡R>u gpN¡ R>¡. cfscpC L$_ycpC Npd: fapmp sp. Æ. fpS>L$p¡V$ dp¡. 96015 15830 d¡ S„>Nu L$`pk_y„ hph¡sf L$f¡g R>¡ Ap Ås dp„\u d_¡ kpfy„

L$dp¡kdu hfkpv$_p A„¡^pZ hÃQ¡ dNamu_u dp¥kddp„ ^Zp b^p rhõspfdp L$`pkdp„ kss apg MfZ, L$`pk `ump `X$hp, Qyrkep_p âL$p¡` hÃQ¡ `Z A¡L$ A¡hp¡ L$`pk Å¡ep¡ S>¡Z¡ Ap„Mp¡ Mp¡gu _pMu L$`pk lsp¡ L$s®ìe kuX$¹k_p¡ N¡g¡L$ku bp¡gNpX®$ L$`pk. bp¡V$pv$ Æëgp_p fpZ`|f spgyL$p_p Ly„$X$gu Npd_p âNsuiug M¡X|$s îu fZR>p¡X$cpC Ap¡mL$uep_p M¡sfdp„ A¡dZ¡ hph¡gp¡ L$s®ìe kuX$¹k_p¡ N¡g¡L$ku bp¡gNpX®$ L$`pk Mf¡Mf hMpZhp gpeL$ lsp¡. dpfu kp\¡ S>kv$Z_p M¡X|$s kp\¡ h¡`pfu rdÓ S>Nv$ucpC Y$p¡gfuep (`V$¡g A¡N°p¡ k¡ÞV$f- S>kv$Z) A¡ `Z Ap L$`pk Å¡C_¡ Myi \ep L$pfZ L$¡ S>Nv$uicpC A¡ S> fZR>p¡X$cpC_¡ N¡g¡L$ku L$`pk Apàep¡ kp\¡ kp\¡ S>Nv$uicpC S> AgN AgN v$hp_¡ Mpsfp¡_u dprlsu Ap`u M¡X|$sp¡_¡ Aph_pfp Msfp\u bQhp_u dprlsu Ap`u kÅN fpMsp. fZR>p¡X$cpC_p L$üp âdpZ¡ N¡g¡L$ku L$`pkdp„ Qykuep Æhps_p¡ D`Öh kp¥\u Ap¡R>p¡, Æ„X$hy„ dp¡Vy$ X$paLy„$ dp¡V„y$, rhZhpdp„ kl¡gp¡, gp„bp kde ky^u gugp¡R>d R>p¡X$_¡ buÅ L$`pk `ump `X$hp d„X$¹ep `Z L$s®ìe kuX$¹k_p¡ N¡g¡L$ku L$`pk R>¡ëg¡ ky^u gugp¡R>d_¡

sfuL$¡ cgpdZ

A¡N°uV$p¡` - 444 dp{„ _pd dl¡icpC bpbycpC g]bpkuep Npd : X$y„NfL$p spgyL$p¡: `X$^fu Ɖp¡:fpS>L$p¡V$ dp¡bpCg _„bf : 9106844629 R>¡, A¡N°uV$p¡` 444dp„ V$y„L$u OX$uA¡ apg b¡k¡ R>¡, dÝed\u dp¡V$p„ Æ„X$hp R>¡, M|ghpdp„ A_¡ hS>_dp„ kpfp¡ R>¡, buÆ L$`pk_u Åsp¡ L$fsp„ Qykuep Myb S> Ap¡R>p Aph¡ R>¡. R>p¡X$_u KQpC `Z kpfu \pe R>¡. apg `Z Myb S> Ap¡R>p¡ Mf¡ R>¡. A_¡ b^p„ M¡X$|s rdÓp¡ _¡ `Z A¡N°uV$p¡` 444_y hph¡sf L$fhp_u M¡X$|s sfuL$¡ cgpdZ L${„ R>y„..

R>¡ s¡\u ly„ b^p M¡X|$srdÓ_¡ cgpdZ L$fy„ R„y> L$¡ Ap Ås hphhp S>¡hu R>¡. R>N_cpC L$dkpfuep Npd: bfL$spmp sp. fpSy>gp Æ. Adf¡gu dp¡. 8980258140

L$p¡V$b¡ÞL$

k„ip¡^us Ap Ås M¡X$|sp¡_p `funZdp„ DÑd kpbus \C R>¡. s¡_p¡ R>p¡X$ My‰p¡, X$pmuAp¡ hpmp¡, A_¡ dp`kf_u DQpC hpmp¡ \pe R>¡. s¡dp v$hp_p R>„V$L$ph_u AkfL$pfL$sp kpfu fl¡ R>¡. s¡_y Æ„X$hy dp¡V$y R>¡ A_¡ kp{ apV$¡ R>¡ S>¡\u huZu kfmsp\u \pe R>¡. `p_ {„hpV$u hpmp lp¡hp\u Qykuep Æhps Ap¡R>u gpN¡ R>¡. hl¡gu\u dÝed Npm¡ `pL$su Ås lp¡hp\u riepmy hph¡sf `Z kdekf \C iL$¡ R>¡. Ap Ås_¡ R>¡‰p `p„Q hj®\u A¡L$ ^pfu A`_phu A_¡ hph¡sf L$fsp M¡X$|s _p¡ Arcâpe ÅZuA¡ s¡d_¡ ap¡_ L$fuA¡: "Np¡thv$cpC dN_cpC `V$¡g, Npd: s¡g_f, sp.: L$`X$h„S> dp¡. 9409581006' s¡d_y L$l¡hy R>¡ "Ap Ås_y buepfZ R>¡‰p `p„Q hj®\u A¡L$^pfu NyZhÑp hpmy A_¡ kpfu D`S> Ap`¡ R>¡. dpf¡ Ap¡R>p R>„V$L$ph¡ A_¡ MQ®dp„ 25 \u 30 dZ D`S> rhOpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap Åsdp„ huZu kfm A_¡ v$hp_p¡ R>„V$L$ph kfm A_¡ AkfL$pfL$

hpQL$p¡_¡,

» R>¡ëgpdp„ R>¡ëgu L©$rj dprlsu Ap`_p ky^u `lp¢QpX$sy„ NyS>fps_y„ kp¥\u AkfL$pfL$ L©$rj d¡N¡Tu_ L©$rj rhop_ Ddv$p Âe¡e kp\¡, rb_ _ap_¡ ^p¡fZ¡ L©$rjdprlsu `yfu `pX$hp_p¡ _d° âepk L$fu füy„ R>¡.

» L©$rjrhop__y„ hprj®L$ ghpS>d ê$p. 399/_u AphL$ kpd¡ A¡L„$v$f¡ b^y kfcf \pe R>¡. * d_u Ap¡X®$f A_¡ b¢L$ \°y ghpS>d cf_pf hp„QL$p¡_¡ rh_„su L$¡ d_u Ap¡X®$f õgu`dp„ `p¡sp_y„ `yfy kf_pdy„, `u_L$p¡X$ kp\¡ S>ê$f gM¡.

» A„L$ Qp¡½$kpC `|h®L$ L$p¡çàeyV$fpCT õV$uL$f

» âuÞV$]N Üpfp fhp_p \pe R>¡, A„L$ `p¡ô$dp„ fhp_p \ep `R>u hp„QL$_¡ _ dm¡ sp¡

» fhp_Nu rhcpN_u S>hpbv$pfu fl¡su _\u. s¡d R>sp„ drl_p_p `l¡gp

AW$hpX$uep ky^udp„ A„L$ _ dm¡ sp¡ _ÆL$_u `p¡ô$Ap¡auk kp\¡ hps L$fu s¡ A„N¡ N°plL$ _„bf kp\¡ `p¡ô$L$pX®$ gMhp¡(ap¡_ _rl, àguT) A„L$ D`gå^ li¡ sp¡ S>ê$f dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aphi¡.ghpS>d cf_pf_¡ _d° r_h¡v$_ R>¡ L$¡ sdpfp Üpfp 3 _hp kæep¡_¡ ghpS>d cfphu s¡d_u M¡sudp„ kd©qÙ_p Üpf Mp¡ghpdp„ dv$v$ê$` \ph. v$f dpk_u 20 spfuM¡ L©$rjrhop_ ârkÂ^ \pe R>¡. 27 spfuM¡ fhp_p \pe R>¡. kf_pdy„ bv$gphp_u kyQ_p g¡Musdp„ L$fhu S>ê$fu. hprj®L$ ghpS>d : ê$p. 399/k„õ\p dpV$¡ ê$p. 798/-

^p_yL$p A¡N°uV$¡L$ gu. dlpi[¼s L$p¡çàg¡n, buÅ¡ dpm, gp¡lp ch_ kpd¡, Sy>_u lpCL$p¡V®$_u bpSy>dp„, CÞL$dV$¡n kL®$g `pk¡, Adv$phpv$. dp¡. 97250 11227

ApC.ku.A¡g. CÞX$uep 400, gp¡luep S>¥_ õL$h¡f, bph^_`|_p 411021 l¡ë`gpC_ _„. 1800 210 3131 bV$¡V$p dpV$¡ `p¡gukëa¡V$ Mpsf_p DÐ`pv$L$

bpef ¾$p¡` kpeÞk gu. bu.X$u. `V$¡g lpDk, ÓuÅ¡ dpm, kfv$pf `V$¡g L$p¡gp¡_u, _hf„N`|fp fp¡X$, Adv$phpv$ _f¡i `V$¡g 98253 03285

X²$ud raëX$ L$¡duL$g âp. gu. Apf.L$¡. CÞX$. `pL®$-a¡T-pp,àgp¡V $-15, kh£ 54/4, fpd`fp b¡V$u, rS>. fpS>L$p¡V$ dp¡. 7698017474 A\hp 9725533533

A¡fuk A¡N°p¡ guduV$¡X$ "^u aõV®$' X$u-1206, L$¡ihbpN `pV$} àgp¡V$ `pR>m, 132 ayV$ fp¡X$, h÷p`yf, Adv$phpv$-15 A¡.L$¡. tkl9137525166, 9879074344

A¡N°ug¡ÞX$ bpep¡V$¡L$ guduV$¡X$ 36, râÞk CÞX$. A¡õV$¡V$ dp¡V$p dp¡su`|fp, sp. kphgu, rS>. hX$p¡v$fp l¡ë`gpC_ _„.98794 27771

F$sy ¾$p¡` L$¡f âp. gu. àgp¡V$ _„. 531/bu, fp¡X$ - Æ, qL$ip_ N¡CV$, fpS>¡ÞÖ L$p¡ëX$ õV$p¡f¡S> `pk¡, d¡V$p¡X$p, Æ. fpS>L$p¡V$-21 dp¡.94269 42254, 9424482223

◼ dN_ L$l¡ dpfu hps S> _ L$fsp ly„ sp¡ dpfp dpdp_p v$uL$fp_y„ L$l¡hp_y„ dp_u_¡ C d_¡ dpdp b_phu Nep¡ dpfp¡ L$`pk ap¡fÆ R>¡ A¡d L$lu_¡ bV$L$phu Nep¡ A¡V$g¡ dpf¡ sp¡ 10-12 dZ L$`pk Dcp¡ flu Nep¡ _¡ ly„ sp¡ `R>¹spZp¡

cpey„

kam \e¡gp bp¡gNpX$® V$y_u `k„v$Nu L$fu lsu s¡dp„ kp\¡ kp\¡ L$yv$fs_p¡ kp\ dþep¡ A¡V$g¡ L$`pk_u M¡sudp„ Ap hj® OZpA¡ gpc \hp_p¡ R>¡.

◼ gpc_u hps R>¡ Ðepf¡ Ap hj®dp„\u iuMhp_y„ R>¡ L$¡ gpc g¡hp¡ lp¡e sp¡ Aæepk L$fhp¡ `X$¡ Ap`Zu S>du_, `pZu A_¡ d¡l_s kp\¡ B_`yV$k A¡V$g¡ L$¡ buS>, Mpsf_u `yfhZu, kde¡ kde¡ `pL$ k„fnZ A_¡ fp¡N Æhps kpd¡_p kdekf_p `Ngp S>¡Z¡ gu^p R>¡ s¡_¡ Ap hj® kp{„ Ney„ R>¡ L$`pk, dNamu, k|e®dyMu, kp¡epbu_ A¡d rhrh^ `pL$p¡_u rdî M¡su L$fu_¡ `Z OZp M¡X$|sp¡_¡ b^p `pL$dp„ kp{„ füy„ R>¡ b¡ `pV$gpdp„ kp¡epbu_ hph¡sf L$ey¯ s¡d_u M¡sudp„ s¡d_¡ `yfL$ AphL$ dmu R>¡ s¡ _apdp„.

- પ્ર્ીણ પટલ કૃષિવિજ્ઞાન | િર્ષ- ૪૮ | અંક-૧૦ | નિેમ્બર-૨૦૨૨ 38 કૃષિ ષિજ્ઞાન Ap¡V$g¡ b¡W$p

buSy„> g¡sp¡ lp¡e Ðepf¡ s¡_u hpsdp„ Aphu S>sp _rl iy„ Mbf s¡ X$ugf_p¡ _L$gu N°plL$ lp¡e. M¡su_u dplusu hp„Qsp flp¡.

Brs dprlsu S>¡hu L$¡ \°uàk_y„ Æh_ Q¾$, \°uàk dpV$¡_u _hu _hu v$hpAp¡ A¡hy„ b^y„ hp„Qu_¡ sdpfu M¡su apev$phpmu b_phu iL$ip¡.

◼ M¡su_u dprlsu_p¡ MÅ_p¡ lh¡ dp¡bpCgdp„ hp„Qhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ A¡L$hpf www. krushivigyan.com D`f Åh s¡ Mygsp A¡L$ `p¡` A` d¡_y v$¡Mpi¡ s¡dp„ g¿ey„ li¡ L$©rj rhop__¡ lp¡d õ¾$u_dp„ Dd¡fp¡ s¡_¡ A¡gpD Ap`ip¡ A¡V$g¡ sdpfp A¡ÞX$²p¡BX$ dp¡bpCgdp„ A¡` guõV$dp„ L$©rj rhop__p¡ âNrsiug M¡X$|s Aphu S>i¡. `R>u Nd¡ Ðepf¡ sd¡ ku^y„ L$©rj rhop_ hp„Qu iL$ip¡.

◼ apev$p_u hps R>¡ Ðepf¡ Dv$e L$l¡ Å¡ sd_¡ Ap hj®_p L$`pk_p M¡X$|sp¡_p raëX$ fu`p¡V$® ÅZhp dm¡ sp¡ s¡ ÅZÅ¡. rhrh^ L$„`_uAp¡ `p¡sp_p L$`pk_p `rfZpdp¡ Mpk ÅZp¡ Ap hj£ sdpf¡ rhrh^ L$„`_u_p L$`pk_p `rfZpdp¡ ÅZhp Å¡CA¡ s¡ ÅZhp dpV$¡ sdpf¡ L$©rj rhop_ _h¡çbf 2022_p A„L$ hp„Qhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ sdpf¡ L$©rj rhop_ V$¡guN°pd Q¡_gdp„ Å¡X$pC S>hy„ Å¡CA¡.

sp¡ Ðepf¡ b_¡ R>¡ S>epf¡ qv$hk fps, W„$X$u-Nfdu-V$pY$- hfkpv$dp„ kMs dl¡_s L$fu_¡ kpfp¡ `pL$ gZuA¡ A_¡ L$p¡\mp cfu_¡ L$¡ R>Zuepdp„ bp„^u_¡ S>ep„ V$¡²L$V$f L$¡ V$¡ç`p¡ epX®$_p v$gpg kph _udpZp¡ \C_¡ cph bp¡g¡ Ðepf¡ Ap`Ï„ Aphu b_¡ s¡_¡ Aphu bÞey L$l¡hpe.

◼ hÃQ¡ S> kyf¡i L$l¡ L$©rj rhop_dp„ A¡hy„ iy„ hp„Qhp dm¡ ? huf¡ÞÖ L$l¡ kp„cmp¡ v$p.s. sd¡ S>epf¡ L$©rj rhop_ Mp¡gip¡ Ðepf¡ D`f ÓZ guV$u Aphi¡ s¡dp„ sd¡ [¼gL$ L$fip¡ A¡V$g¡ X$uÆV$g Bõey, Æhps, fp¡N, a|N, b¡¼V$¡rfep, L$„`_u ÞeyT, ghpS>d L$¡d cfhy„? Mygi¡ s¡dp„ sd¡ Æhps D`f Nep A_¡ sd¡ \°uàk D`f [¼gL$ L$ey¯ sp¡ \°uàk_u As\u

L$l¡hphpmp kp\¡ b¡kkp¡ sp¡ M¡su kpfu gpNi¡ _¡ c|g\u M¡su_p Mp¡Qfp L$pYhp hpmp kp\¡ b¡W$L$ DW$L$ \B sp¡ sdpfu M¡su_y„ Aphu bÞey„ kdÅ¡.

◼ hÃQ¡ S> kyf¡i L$l¡ d_¡e L$epf¡L$ A¡d \pe R>¡