The Ordinary Nature of Urban Commercial Space by Huang Lian

THE ORDINARY NATURE OF URBAN COMMERCIAL SPACE --THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PEOPLE’S ONLINE SHOPPING HABITS HUANG LIAN s3691505

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The Ordinary Nature of ABSTRACT An increasing number of people choose to purchase products online, which makes many offline stores lose their competitiveness and close down. Consumers buy online after a trial in offline stores because of the online shops has, and more purchase options, which lead to the offline store becomes a free fitting room. To meet the demands of the market, offline stores developed many new strategies. Firstly, replacing of displaying products to attract consumers’ purchase, trying to publicize brand culture and increase the sales potential of products.

Besides,compared with previous commercial space, the business district is more like a public space to meet people’s needs of shopping for relaxation and social activities. The proportion of restaurants and cafes in the has increased, attracting people and bringing benefits to the commercial buildings. The catering industry is experiencing the transition from selling food to selling services. Overall,As the population increases and urban density increases, offline stores will face more significant challenges, which perhaps generate new models or be entirely replaced by online stores.

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URBAN COMMERCIAL SPACE

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DATA

PARTICIPANT

YEAR

LINEAGE MAP

1841

1854

1880's

1900's

1946

1950's

1960's

1970's

1980's

1990's

Nissan UK Mutual Store(1872) Retail Entrepreneurs Market Commissioners

Ball & Welch(1896) Sidney Myer(1911)

Kenneth Myer Myer's Chadstone Shopping Retail with cafés Centre (1960) Grocery Buying Groups Retail with antique stores Air-servicemen with Retravision Groups knowlage of self-service

George Coles(1955)

KFC

The National Science Fundation

Thomson Holidays UK France Telecom

Car Dealers

Pizza Hut Michel Aldrich Furniture Dealers

2000's Jeff Bezos

Yahoo

Netmarket

McDonald's

Amazon

Apple

Paypal

Ipswicth IMail Server

SWREG

Google

Verisign

Netscape

Gatehead SIS/Tesco

Apple

Pierre Omidyar

Book Stacks Unlimited Tim Banner-Lee

2050's FUTURE

Amazon

Haggers self-service grocery PP of State Victoria 284,000 Local 4,479 Colony's 20,416

Annual Online Retail Sale $8 billion (1998)

Take-away food 34.2%

164 Car/1000 Person

Cafés And Restaurants 28.2%

PP of The Greater Melbourne 280,000

$16 billion(1999)

$54 billion(2002) $70 billion(2003) $87.5 billion(2004) $109.4 billion(2005) $136.2 billion(2006)

MILESTONE

POLICY

$165.9 billion(2007)

Tranditional Retail

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Protection to specialty foods

Starting Retail Business Goldfield Regions Gained Official Recognition Western Market

Booming Number of Private Car

Melbourne's retail spine had been formed Retails Located

by Tram Network Prahran Fitzroy Collingwood

World War II Finished

First Dirve-in Shopping Center

Supermarket Retailing Is Intensely Competitive Several Buying Groups Appeared

Self-service Retail Appeared

Special Products Appeared in Retails Electronic Data Interchange

E-Commerce

Sunday Trading Began(1991)

Allowed Friday-night trading(1971)

Restriction on Comercial Use of Net

Fast-Food Categories Developed Rapidly Car City Shopping Center Take-away Service Teleshopping

First Website Selling Online

Online Shopping with Credit Card Processing

B2C Online Shopping Vediotext Online Service Business to Business Online Shopping System

Information Sharing

Payment Card Industry Security Standard Amazon

Mobile Commerce Site

eBay

ITunes Store Selling DIgital Products

Secure Sockets Layer Protocol First Online Sell Software First Secure Retail Transcation Online

Develop Digital IDs Internet Payment Service Yahoo Store

TextBuyIt iPhone

First Internet Retailer Comference and Exhibition

Google Checkout Holographic

fitting rooms？ Tranditional retail entirely replace by online store?

Mobile Shopping

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Futuristic cities in science fiction movies

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FIGURE1 Screenshot from the movie Ghost in the Shell

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The cities of the future that appear in science fiction movies are developed on facades, with many skyscrapers and traffic in the sky. For business, what is impressive is the holographic advertisement on the outside of buildings. In the future, when many things can be done online, when fitting rooms can be replaced by holographic fitting rooms, Will the commercial space be wiped out by shopping online, or will there be a series of changes in response to the challenge of the online store?

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DETAILS OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS

1.Screenshot from the movie ‘Ghost in the Shell'.

2.Data from 2018 eCommerce Industry Paper ‘Inside Australian Online Shopping’ published by POST company 3.Visualize the goods being shipped to the Melbourne CBD from all over the world after being purchased online by consumers.

4.Data from ‘city of Melbourne.’ This picture illustrates the fact that Melbourne’s storage space is mostly near the port or near the highway in the suburb area.

5.The photo was took by me,which is about the Topshop shore in the Melbourne CBD is closing down.

6.Data from ‘city of Melbourne’. This picture illustrates the retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

7.Data from ‘city of Melbourne’. This picture illustrates the retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after 1995.

8.The photo was took by me,which is about the‘POP-UP Store’ appeared in Melbourne Central.

9.Image from ‘Google Image’.The picture shows the famous Japanese department store brand MUJI opened an experience area in the store. Goods in this area will be placed in a simulated scene (such as the sofa is placed in the living room scene). Consumers can walk into this scene and truly experience the services provided by this product.

10.Map from ‘Walking Plan’ published by ‘City of Melbourne’.

The map shows the connectivity of the pedestrian network and its contribution to the Melbourne city economy. The darker areas have a richer pedestrian network and higher employment and economic concentration activities. This EJD metric is based on the number of jobs (staff) that can be reached in 30 minutes walking on the walking network (scaled by the time required to reach them).

11..Data from‘city of Melbourne’.This image shows the residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

12.Data from‘city of Melbourne’.This image shows the residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after 1995.

13.Data from ‘City of Melbourne’The map shows the restaurants and cafes in Melbourne in 2017.

14.Image from ‘Google Image’.The picture shows the famous Japanese department store brand ‘MUJI ’opened a coffee shop in the store, which will positively affect the store’s revenue while extending the time of the consumer’s stay.

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15.Point cloud of Melbourne CBD 16.Point cloud of Bourke street.

17.Point cloud of Bourke street.

18.Pictures from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Post_Office,_MelbourneThere are always singers singing in front of the GPO building. People come here, sit in front of the GPO building, enjoy a piece of music, and chat with friends to relax.

19.Image from: https://www.scmp.com/After some offline stores are closed, some event venues occupy space in the mall.This activity area provides space for parent-child activities and is a popular place for families to come on weekends.

20.Image from:https://image.baidu.com/ Vending machines that are everywhere on the streets of Japan have become a feature of Japan. Vending machines occupy a relatively small space and require less management of people. Consumers can also get goods faster, showing the consumer’s pursuit of efficiency.

21.Image from:https://image.baidu.com/ Alibaba’s Tmall online store has partnered with many brands to launch a ‘popup’ store. The design of the ‘pop-up’ shop usually has an impressive brand image. What is provided in the flash shop is usually the trial service and the promotion of the brand culture. Today’s brands pay more attention to the brand image, so that more consumers can think of their products when shopping online.

22.Managing Assets 23.Illustration of short-term 24.Illustration of long-term

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INTRODUCTION Before 2015, less than 10% of Australians used their smartphones for shopping. Afterpay launched its first product, and online physical consumption rose 6%.In 2017, Australians spent $21.3 billion in buying goods online, which shows an increase of 18.7%. The online spending growth outstripped traditional retail by 16.2 %. Through e-commerce logistics, network technology, a various business company formed a “network,” the network is closely related to people’s life, makes people gradually changed their life. Buildings and landscapes are inevitably affected and restricted by the people, the offline business is under a revolution.

‘By 2020, we predict that 1 in 10 items will be bought online.’ claimed in 2018 eCommerce Industry Paper ‘Inside Australian Online Shopping’ published by POST company(2018).

A new generation of consumers is changing the model of retailing, with an increase in the number of 18 - to 36-year-olds, according to the last census, to half a million people, now 26% of Australia’s population. This group is willing to try new technologies,services and attaches great importance to shopping’s flexibility and price transparency. Under the impact of the new shopping mode, the new shopping mode is not only a simple shopping behavior but also includes people’s entertainment, leisure, and other social actions.The business environment has changed from a monotonous place of buying and selling to a public place for social activities.

Such a commercial space can enhance communication between people and extend the time people stay in this area, thus increasing their own competitiveness. Consumers who prefer buying goods online tend to have broader knowledge and more experience in purchasing products online (Herhausen et al., 2015, Menon and Kahn, 2002).

The online shopping market is booming, growing 74.8% in 2017 alone. In addition to the mainstream company such as eBay, Etsy, and Redbubble, other companies have joined in.

Retailers such as Catch and Myer have also recently opened online markets, recognizing that opening online stores can raise their sales and competitiveness. Consumers are more and more accustomed to shopping online because they can make a purchase without time and place limitation and comparison of the prices and retailers is more feasible. Shopping becomes more rational through online channels. Purchases of mobile devices up 58% in 2017, up 6 % from the previous year. By contrast, desktop and laptop transactions were down 11%.

The upside is that a fifth of online shopping is now done on mobile devices, the limitation of shopping becomes increasingly smaller.

The popularity of online shopping has its inevitable reasons.Firstlly,shopping through mobile devices enable consumption anytime and anywhere. Secondly, online shopping has a wide range of choices and can buy goods produced globally without geographical limitation. Shopping prices online are more transparent than those in conventional stores, so you don’t have to spend time bargaining, and you don’t have to worry about spending more money because you don’t have the skills to bargain. Online shopping can make shopping more rational, will not spend money on unnecessary things because of the salesman’s ‘blandishment’ t. Online stores will always have more discounts than conventional stores because of their lower operating costs (no rent and fewer labor costs). Besides, the things bought online will be delivered directly to home by express, and the customer won’t be bothered to bring them home ...Online shopping also has disadvantages.The material, and quality of products are invisible to consumers, who can only judge the quality of commodities by the photos provided by the sellers.

As a result, the quality of online commodities cannot be guaranteed and cannot be adequately supervised by relevant departments.

As more and more goods are bought online, the purpose for people to go to the commercial area has changed. Many consumers did not have shopping list explicitly before going out, the primary goal is to loosen up, so business district becomes more like a public space. Entertainment and leisure space in the business district is indispensable, provide rest place for weary shoppers, increase the time they stay in the business area, thus increasing the potential of consumption. At the same time, coffee shops and restaurants are set in the leisure and entertainment areas, forming an ideal consumption space and enabling the business district to obtain more profits.

Generally, consumers who spend money in offline stores pursue high-quality shopping experience and have higher requirements for environment and service quality. At the same time, if online stores can gain better prices, conventional stores will become a free fitting room.

Therefore, commercial space can cater to such needs, and its design is more inclined to provide consumers with commodity-related experience, to improve brand awareness, promote brand culture and leave a deep impression on consumers, thus improving the sales potential of products.

FIGURE 2 Data from 2018 eCommerce Industry Paper ‘Inside Australian Online Shopping’ published by POST company

This picture shows the year-on-year growth by category on shopping.

After variety story, fashion accounted for the largest percentage of the total data.

The reason many people choose to shop online is because this product The mall is a space of experience, of services, and of engagement and is a place where lives, in offline stores are sold out. Online emotions, and interactions take place.(Bertin et al., 2013)In response to the change in people’s stores can avoid the hassle of asking shopping habit and increase their competitiveness, the business district has also made correanother store. Such customers usually pursue latest and most 15 sponding changes, and in the future, such changes will be more evident and creative.

Overview - What are wethe buying online? fashionable products.

Year-on-year growth by category

28.5

%

Ho

27.2%

19.2% 10.9

%

13.2%

9.9

%

Over

National average

Fash

8.1%

Var Sto

flat

Hea Bea

Variety Stores

35.4

%

Fashion

26.5

%

Homewares & Appliances

Health & Beauty

Hobbies & Recreational Goods

Media

Specialty Food & Liquor

11.1

7.3

7.1

6.9

5.7

%

%

%

%

Hobb Recrea Goo

%

Share of online purchases

10

Homew Applia

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

STORAGE BUILDINGS AND LOGISTICS INDUSTRY

How do online shopping habits affect the urban landscape?

It is embodied in the different part of online shopping ecosystem.

The habit of online shopping has changed the demand for storage space in business, and it has also placed a higher request on the logistics industry. Online shopping allows many stores to expand to the urban fringe (where rents are lower) or close to transport facilities such as highways, ports, and airports. Melbourne airport is located in the northwest of CBD, the port is located in the west of CBD, and storage space is mostly located near these two nodes or closed to the highway. eCommerce changed the demand for storage space, at the same time, increased the need for the logistics industry. After being purchased online by consumers, the goods are sent to Melbourne from all over the world by sea or air. Australia is an island that is not connected to other continents. The impact of logistics on many industries in Australia is not negligible. Under such demand, the Australian logistics industry is proliferating. Australia’s freight mission will increase by 80% between 2010 and 2030. By 2050, it will triple.(Australian Logistics Council,2014） Through online shopping, Melbourne citizens can buy goods from all over the world, even if there are no specialty stores in Melbourne.

FIGURE 3 Visualize the goods being shipped to the Melbourne CBD from all over the world after being purchased online by consumers.

FIGURE 4 Data from ‘city of Melbourne.’ This picture illustrates the fact that Melbourne’s storage space is mostly near the port or near the highway in the suburb area.

STORAGE BUILDINGS

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CONVENTIONAL RETAIL BUILDINGS Offline retail stores need to develop strategies to face the challenges of online stores or to collaborate with online stores. Online shopping malls dominate the market, many offline stores are forced to close. Knowing the strengths is the basis for a positive change in the traditional retail industry. To begin with, Offline stores can offer trials of goods that online stores cannot achieve efficiently.Beside,The primary purpose of some consumers to go to the mall is not to shop, but to decompress and relax. Shopping is a common way of dating for modern people, and shopping has become a social behavior. Moreover, some consumers go to the mall just to pursue a high-quality user experience and enjoy the process of shopping. The customer experience is the most essential factor in a customer’s decision to maintain a business relationship with the brand(Hyken,2018). At the same time, shoppers’ expectations for convenience, value, and choice drive a higher percentage of online shopping(Post company,2018).

Many Topshop offline stores close in Melbourne as more and more young people choose to shop online.‘Topshop’s decline marks the end of the high street’s golden age.’(Jess,2019)Compared to online stores that have no rent and labor costs, offline stores cost more.The financial deficit has caused many traditional retail stores to disappear.IIn response to the challenges of online stores, offline retail stores have made changes. First, more and more commercial complexes have emerged, turning commercial districts into public areas to meet the needs of consumers for relaxation, decompression and social activities. Secondly, industries such as restaurants and cafes that are not easily replaced by online consumption are increasing to promote retail consumption. Besides, the design of the store no longer implies the expenditure of consumers but promotes their brand culture to consumers, and the store is arranged like a gallery or a showroom to deepen the impression of the brand in the minds of consumers. Advertising plays a role in increasing the sales potential of the product. In commercial buildings, recreational areas have been added to provide consumers with a recreational area when shopping is exhausted. Finally, the ‘POP-UP Store’ appeared to promote brand culture and provide consumers with trials and experiences.

FIGURE 5 The photo was took by me,which is about the Topshop shore in the Melbourne CBD is closing down.

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FIGURE 6 Data from ‘city of Melbourne’. This picture illustrates the retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

The retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

FIGURE 7 Data from ‘city of Melbourne’. This picture illustrates the retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after 1995.

Comparing Figures 6 and 7, after 1995, only three retail buildings were built in Melbourne CBD.

The retail buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after1995.

FIGURE 8 The photo was took by me,which is about the‘POP-UP Store’ appeared in Melbourne Central.

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FIGURE 9 Image from ‘Google Image’.

The picture shows the famous Japanese department store brand MUJI opened an experience area in the store. Goods in this area will be placed in a simulated scene (such as the sofa is placed in the living room scene). Consumers can walk into this scene and truly experience the services provided by this product.

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FIGURE 10 Map from ‘Walking Plan’ published by ‘City of Melbourne’.

The map shows the connectivity of the pedestrian network and its contribution to the Melbourne city economy.

The darker areas have a richer pedestrian network and higher employment and economic concentration activities.

This EJD metric is based on the number of jobs (staff) that can be reached in 30 minutes walking on the walking network (scaled by the time required to reach them).

As can be seen from this picture, places with high footpath density are similar to those with dense commercial buildings.It’s around Elizabeth street and Bourke street.

Economic impact of the walking network

FIGURE 11 Data from‘city of Melbourne’.

This image shows the residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

The residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD before 1995.

FIGURE 12 Data from‘city of Melbourne’.

This image shows the residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after 1995.

Very high EJD (walking only)

High EJD (walking only)

Moderate EJD (walking only)

0m 0m N N

1,000 m 1,000m

2,000 m 2,000m

18 Figure 5: Effective Job Density (EJD) provided by the walking network This map shows the connectivity across the walking network and its contribution to the economy of the City of Melbourne.

Melbourne CBD, the most densely populated area in Melbourne, has built more residential buildings than retail buildings after 1995, which is related to the habit of online shopping for modern people. The popularity of online shopping has reduced the demand for offline stores.

The residential buildings constructed in Melbourne CBD after 1995.

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RESTAURANTS AND CAFES Due to the popularity of take-out food, so it is common for restaurants and cafes to provide customers with online take-out service. The customers who come to the restaurant and cafe are usually for the consumption experience provided by the restaurant and cafe.‘ Have dinner together’has become a primary purpose and entertainment for many young people to meet their friends. Desmond Sim, CBRE’s Singapore and Southeast Asia research director, said another strategy for the mall to turn to fill the space for food and beverage stores(Lee,2017).In the business district, the proportion of restaurants and cafes is increasing, which is a way to attract consumers and motivate the consumption of surrounding shops. The designs of restaurants and cafes do not aim to sell more food and drink and make consumers faster finish left after consuming but pay more attention to consumers’ experience in the service areas, many restaurants and cafes provide outdoor service, for the different needs of customers with different consumption experience. Coffee shops become the choice for many people to hold meetings and work. Coffee is no longer the main purpose of people go to the cafes, but for the sweet and cozy environment provided by the coffee shop.

FIGURE 14 Image from ‘Google Image’.

The picture shows the famous Japanese department store brand ‘MUJI ’opened a coffee shop in the store, which will positively affect the store’s revenue while extending the time of the consumer’s stay.

FIGURE 13 Data from ‘City of Melbourne’.

The map shows the restaurants and cafes in Melbourne in 2017.

Cafes and restaurants are very dense in Melbourne, indicating how popular they are among the citizens.

The restaurants and cafes in melbourne in 2017.

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3 FIGURE 15 Point cloud of Melbourne CBD

MELBOURNE WAS FOUND TO HAVE SIMILAR TREND. Bourke Street is a major road in the Melbourne CBD. Most of it is surrounded by retail buildings and footpath.HM store, which is in the Melbourne center, used to be a historical building. Later, the retail industry was booming. It was rented

by HM, which is a fashion brand, but now the reason people gather in front of it is that there are always singers perform in front of the entrance. The entrance ladder provides a place for people to enjoy music, many people stay here, not just for shopping, but to relax here. The street where this HM shop is located in Bourke Street, which is the most concentrated place of retail buildings. On this street, you can always see many people sitting on the street seats, waiting for friends, watching street performances. The business district is more than just a place to buy and sell. It is also compatible with the needs of people to relax, socialize, and entertain.

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Claiming Ground The design was completed in 1867.

FIGURE 17 Point cloud of Bourke street.

FIGURE 16 Point cloud of Bourke street.

Completed in 1867, no north wing or central inclined roof

General Post Office, Melbourne

Looking north from Elizabeth Street in 2010, showing the wall where early construction stopped.

H&M became the main tenant of GPO in 2014

FIGURE 18 Pictures from: https://en.wikipedia. org /wiki/General_Post_Office,_ Melbourne There are always singers singing in front of the GPO building. People come here, sit in front of the GPO building, enjoy a piece of music, and chat with friends to relax.

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4 OTHER COUNTRY The global e-commerce goods market was worth $1.57 trillion in 2017. That figure will grow by a further 19 % in 2018 and exceed $2 trillion by 2019. The growth of f China’s online shopping industry is impressive. Before 1993, physical shops were the primary business model. In March of 1998, the first online B2B online transaction was successfully carried out. In 1999, the B2C network transaction form was officially constructed as the main form of purchase. Online shopping for ordinary people became possible. So far, online shopping has become an indispensable part of Chinese life. China is the largest online market in the world. It has nearly 700 million online users, accounting for more than half of China’s total population, and the e-commerce market is over $490 billion. Many Australian companies are already taking advantage of these opportunities to enter the Chinese market, making full use of markets such as Tmall Global (all owned by Alibaba Group) and JD.com, as well as social networking platforms like Tencent’s WeChat. ‘China has an advanced e-commerce ecosystem that is far ahead of the US and the US. (Post , 2018) Social media has become a part of people’s daily life, and now the trend on online shopping is to be able to buy directly from social media. Wechat takes the lead in providing instant payment via mobile wallet while maintaining instant messaging and group social connections.

FIGURE 19 Image from: https://www.scmp. com/ After some offline stores are closed, some event venues occupy space in the mall.

This activity area provides space for parent-child activities and is a popular place for families to come on weekends.

Japan has set up screens outside its trams, so that, while waiting for a train, passengers can pick up the goods on the screen, and then the logistics will deliver the goods to the consumer’s home. Consumers are more imperiously pursuing shopping immediacy.

Singapore has felt the disruptive power of online shopping more severely than other Southeast Asian countries(Lee,2017).Singapore’s offline stores have been hit by online sales, with many malls closed.

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FIGURE 20 Image from:https://image.baidu. com/ Vending machines that are everywhere on the streets of Japan have become a feature of Japan. Vending machines occupy a relatively small space and require less management of people. Consumers can also get goods faster, showing the consumer’s pursuit of efficiency.

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FIGURE 21 Image from:https://image.baidu. com/ Alibaba’s Tmall online store has partnered with many brands to launch a ‘pop-up’ store. The design of the ‘pop-up’ shop usually has an impressive brand image. What is provided in the flash shop is usually the trial service and the promotion of the brand culture. Today’s brands pay more attention to the brand image, so that more consumers can think of their products when shopping online.

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Managing Assets

short-term In order to meet the challenges of online stores, ‘pop-up’ shops, more event areas, restaurants, rest areas and exchange areas have been added to the commercial area. Shopping mall is no longer designed for attracting people to consume, but to promote the culture of the brand and provide more public space. After that no commercial area has become more dynamic, and maintaining its competitiveness will not be eliminated.

In order to meet the challenges of online stores, ‘pop-up’ shops, more event areas, restaurants, rest areas and exchange areas have been added to the commercial area. Shopping mall is no longer designed for attracting people to consume, but to promote the culture of the brand and provide more public space. After that, no commercial area has become more dynamic, and maintaining its competitiveness will not be eliminated.

Brands not only reduce the cost of rent, but a good public impression can help them get more profit.

Brands not only reduce the cost of rent, but a good public impression can help them get more profit.

In 2050, people may be able to shop at home through holographic imaging techniques. The commercial space designed by the designer may no longer be real, but virtual. Such a commercial area can be crazy and fanciful. People at that time might be able to sit around a table, drink coffee, and try out products from around the world.

+pop-up store + landscape

shopping mall

+ good pubic image

brand + profit

-rental

+restaurants and cafes +rest area

FIGURE 22 Managing ssets

+good customer experience

customer =Will not be eliminated

-cost +social activities -limitation

FIGURE 22 Managing Assets

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FIGURE 23 Illustration of short-term

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conclusion

long-term

FIGURE 24 Illustration of long-term

Because of the rise of online shopping industry, urban commercial spaces are experiencing a revolution. Traditional consumption has gradually been replaced by online shopping. In response to this trend, the conventional retail industry is changed. First, the company developed a strategy to reduce budgets by moving storage space to areas close to suburban traffic nodes. Second, the design of commercial spaces tends to promote brand culture rather than display products to increase the sales potential of goods. Shopping mall pays more attention to the consumer experience and tries to attract consumers.

Commercial companies pay more attention to the design of leisure and entertainment space to extend the stay of consumers. Finally, more and more commercial complexes are emerging, attracting people through restaurants and cafes to stimulate consumption. In 2050, Melbourne’s population will double. With the development of network technology and population density, the proportion of online shopping sharply increases inevitable. Under such circumstances, offline stores face a big challenge. In addition to optimizing the customer’s shopping experience, it caters to the needs of contemporary consumers to consider shopping as a social activity, thereby enhancing their competitiveness. In such cases, there may be new offline store models or new possibilities for people’s shopping methods - they don’t need the presence of an offline store, they can also test the material, effects, and feel of the product. In this case, the offline store might be entirely replaced by online stores.

At that time, the commercial area designed by the designer may no longer be real, but virtual. Such a design can ignore the limitations of time and space, as long as it creates a better consumer experience for consumers.

In 2050, traditional retailing may be completely replaced by online stores.people may be able to shop at home through holographic imaging techniques. The commercial space designed by the designer may no longer be real, but virtual. Such a commercial area can be crazy and fanciful. People at that time might be able to sit around a table, drink coffee, and try out products from around the world.

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