S1_Studio10 H2O Blue Green City

Team Jade Lavana Hsu Qian Chen Yining Gao

Workstream 1

STUDIO 10 H²O

Assignment 03

Living with Water Blue-Green City

vedio link：https://youtu.be/af0uJcsBq1g

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Table of Content

Intro

1.0 Overall Framework

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Research Background

Urbanization causes changes to the water catchment hydrology, due to the increase in the impervious area and the

Blue-green Green corridor strategy Design generation

reduction in catchment storages, resulting a higher flooding

Roads and Corridors/Zoning strategy

possibility with a poorer overall quality of storm water runoff

Overall Framework Plan

has resulted in progressive deterioration of the environmental values of the aquatic ecosystem in urban environments.

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3.0 Neighborhood

The project focuses on the theme of living with water while defensing flooding and sea level rising. The designed system

Overall transect areas 3d model Defense Zone

introduces blue-green corridors, urban shed typology and

Fliter Zone

zoning strategy linked to water management system. The col-

Storage Zone

laboration of these systems aims to create a new urban city that look into the significance of ecological pattern and urban public realms in the community and lifestyles.

2.0 Prototype System Framework

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20-minute neighborhood Algae Green Energy System Designed Smart Shed Prototype

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Water Resources Where do the water come?

Water Resource Australia Bureau of Meteorology

All sources of water Australia Statistics

Water in Melbourne are 81% surface water, directly collected and used The second is ground water, desalinated and inter-region transferwater only have a percentage of 1% each.

In Victoria, 94% of households (2,026,400) were connected to mains/ town water. Rain water tank in Melbourne is significantly less than Victoria amount, and the using of re-cycled water is also lower than 50%.

Sources of water for agricultural production Australia Statistics Australian farms used a total of 8 million megalitres of water taken from various sources,Most of them are from irrigation channels, pipelines and surface water, Re-treated water is only 2%.

Where do the water go?

Melbourne water supply system Melbourne water 017-18 Melbourne Water Annual Report Storage? Recycle? Melbourne is a flood-prone city, has at least 1 per cent chance of flooding in any given year.

How to use these water resource and protect the city would be a key issue.

Water Usage Australia Bureau of Meteorology

Historical water storage levels Melbourne water

Surface water was the primary water source, particularly for agriculture, due to its easy accessibility and low abstraction cost.Twenty per cent of total water taken was provided for urban water supply.

There are 10 water storage spots in Melbourne as all-year water supply. Their water come from all the natural water resource, and the storage varies throughout the year because of dry and rain seasons. However Melbourne’s natural water storage trend is overall going downwards these years and experienced a big shortage in 2009, with only 26% full.

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from flooding and drainage could be further used.

Because of the pollution in road drainage especially in urban areas, these water mostly goes into sewage which actually could be collected and re-treated while reducing the flooding pressure of the city at the same time.

Considering the current persistent drought conditions and catchment storage infrastructure capacity limitations, it is essential to integrate into new buildings measures that reduce water resource use if sustainable development is to be achieved. Water as a resource in Melbourne are still mainly from surface water like greeks and water plants, and as we know most of the water will be used in agriculture, the water collected 005

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Water Shortage In Australia, the most serious problem is water shortage. The reason is that there is a little of rain. By it, the desertifications break out. It is said that Australia is the second dry country following the South Pole.

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Pudaecte volore, que omnime seque audicia deles estia dolo ma invent.

Ehenditatur sumquod ipsuntur solliciunt.

Monthly Rainfall Decile Maps in 2018-2019 • •

Sources: Bureau of Meteorology. Commonwealth of Australia. Water in Australia 2018-19.http://www.bom.gov.au/water/waterinaustralia/files/Water-in-Australia-2018-19.pdf

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The total annual rainfall in Australia in 2018-2019 is 351mm, the lowest in almost 50years.

Below-average annual rainfall over much of Australia led to an intensification of drought conditions across many parts of southeastern Australia.

Sources: Bureau of Meteorology. Commonwealth of Australia. Water in Australia 2018-19.http://www.bom.gov.au/water/waterinaustralia/files/Water-in-Australia-2018-19.pdf

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ROAD FLOODING

Urban Flooding in CBD, Melbourne

Urban Flooding in Melbourne

1946 – Glenelg River: Referred

1972: Over a short period of

2010 - Victoria: Widespread floods

2011 - Victoria: More severe than the 2010 flood-

2016 – Avoca, Loddon and Wimmera

to at the time as the “Big Flood”,

time 75mm of rain pummels

hit Victoria. Heavy rains over five

ing, over 51 communities in western and central

Rivers: Towns

the Sandford and Casterton

Melbourne, sending waves of

days hits many of the state’s major

Victoria are impacted. More than 1730 properties

Victoria and along the Great Ocean

areas

were

hit

with

throughout Western

over

water down Elizabeth St. Age

rivers. A state of emergency is called,

experience damage in one of Victoria’s worst floods

Road are pummelled with heavy rainfall.

220mm of rain over four days.

photographer Neville Bowler

and crews from Queensland, South

on record. Areas already experiencing major flood-

The Great Ocean Road was closed after

The Glenelg River at one point

is on the scene taking an

Australia and Tasmania arrive to

ing were hit by follow-up rainfall events, including

floods trigger more than 150 landslides

was rising at the rate of 300mm

iconic photo of the Melbourne

help with the carnage.

Tropical Low Yasi.with the carnage.

and rockfalls. A farmer dies in the storm.

Urban Flooding in Southbank, Melbourne

01 https://www.ses.vic.gov.au/documents/112015/134732/City+of+Melbourne+Local+Flood+Guide-pdf/cc1844d2-409b-4bfb-bb28-85d275529880

Flooding History in Melbourne

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02 https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/a-brief-history-of-victorian-floods-20171202-gzxcem.html

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During the extreme climate period, if sealevels are continually rising and flooding in cities, it would be varying degrees of risks urban safety and environment.

Source: NYC climate studio introduction

Sea Level rising in 2100 Sea Level rising in 2070 Sea Level rising in 2050 Sea Level rising in 2030 Source:https://coastal.climatecentral.org/map/12/-73.9605/40.7101/?theme=sea_ level_rise&map_type=year&basemap=roadmap&contiguous=true&elevation_model=best_ available&forecast_year=2050&pathway=rcp45&percentile=p50&return_level=return_ level_1&slr_model=kopp_2014

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Biofilltration and water harvesting The City of Melbourne usually builds stormwater harvesting systems to use water and also reduce flood risk.

The above diagram showing the depiction of the water harvesting system collects water from drains, cleans it using biofiltration and stores it for irrigating the garden. The water used in the garden could be further collected and re-used in natural watering.

The reason that biofilltration is more and more used for water re-treatment nowadays, is that

compared to undeveloped catchments, urban areas generate stormwater runoff that is magnified in flow volume, peak and pollutant load. The poor water quality would highly damage the health of receiving waters.Water biofiltration is the process of improving water quality, by filtering water through biologically influenced media. It is known as a low energy treatment, and could be used in various sizes of catchment spots: from small greeneries on roadside to a larger public park as a collection point.

Biofilter design can be altered, for optimising performance for local conditions and specific treatment objectives. In Australia guideline the typical biofilter consists of a vegetated swale or basin overlaying a porous, sand-based filter medium with a drainage pipe at the bottom.

Stormwater is diverted from a kerb or pipe into the biofilter, where it flows through dense vegetation and temporarily ponds on the surface before slowly filtering down through the filter media.

Based on the design, the treated flows would mostly be collected in the underdrain system for conveyance to downstream waterways or storages for subsequent re-use, and the rest would be infiltrated to underlying soils.

Fig 1: Examples of stormwater biofilters Fig 2: Key principles of stormwater biofiltration Fig 3: Layers of the biofilltration design

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STUDIO 10 H²O Extreme Climate

Sea Level Rising

Sea Level Rising

Flooding

Water Shortage

Coastal Flooding

Heavy Rain

Urban Fabric: The Sheds

Flood water

Rainwater

Public Realm City Blocks

Water Catchment

Green Roof

Urban Irrigation

Uran Infrastructure Systems

Transport Network

Urban Water Cycle Water Storage Living with Water

Roads

Urban Public places

Water Reuse

Water Catchment

Permeable pavements

Water Reuse

Urban Revitalization

Green City

Household Usage

Public Realm

Green Infrastructure

Irrigation

Liveability

Energy Savings

Daily use Irragate

Permeable Roads Rain Gardens

Ecosystem

Biodiversity

others

Initial Urban Network Prototype System

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Initial Prototype System

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Banksia integrifolia

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Baumea articulata

Calyptorhynchus funereus

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Suaeda australis

Myoporum insulare

Peramelemorphia

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Chenonetta jubata

Ottellia supsp. ovalifolia

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Limosella australis

Egretta novaehollandiae

Eleocharis spacelata

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Tachybaptus novaehollandiae

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safety

water

connection

storage

fliter

connection

fliter

connection

defence

Yarra river

drainage

PLAZA

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BIOSWALE

BIOSWALE

WETLAND

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design generation

The layered diagram indicating the design progress of our team. We firstly generated the water direction line built by existing landform, finding that the top left part of the site contains relatively low sea level height hence would experience more water flowing during flooding.

Therefore this part of site is chosen for further development.

Each water running lines would eventually meet together to form a pattern, the intersection point in this pattern becomes what we call the water point. These water point is a location which needs more drainage. Hence we developed into our blue-green corridor design and a new street network. Smart sheds and new building fabric highlighted in red with original fabric in grey could fit this green corridor system in a suitable way.

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STUDIO 10 H²O Zoning Water Strategy Zone Diagram

Road-to-Corridor Road-to-Corridor Diagram Concept Diagram

Defence

Storage Filter Safety

Secondery Road

Wetland Park

Green Corridor

Safety Zone

Extended Green Patch (Urban Farm / Public Zones)

Filter Zone

Extended Green Corridor (Bio-swales/Bio-filtration)

Storage Zone Defence Zone

Road

Green Corridor Designed System

Safety Zone

Filter Zone

Storage Zone

Defence Zone

Green Buffer Strip

Raised Area for Buildings

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STUDIO 10 H²O Green Corridor --- Green Patch Framework The Ecology of Landscape Patch-Corridor-Matrix Model

Large Green Patches

Richard Foreman’s Ecological Strategy

The idea of the designed system focuses on the pattern of water Corridor

and ecology system that is inspired from Forman's Ecoological strategy. The system represents a flexible, scenario-based approach for the proliferation of bio-connectivity. The method allows for the assessment of a range of scenarios based on vary-

Farmland/Large Park

Patch

ing land-use and water treatment practices. The blue-green

Forest Patches

Matrix

corridors as the core links within the site act as the sponge of

Wetland

Corridor

Small Green Patches

the city, connecting the green/blue patches (green areas, water system and urban fabrics) and improving the connectivity of ecosystem.

Green Roof

Communal Space

Plaza

Lower Connectivity

Higher Connectivity

Urban Development Scenario Patch Urban Area Corridor Link and Nodes

Green Corridor

Fabric Green Patches

Urban Green Patches

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STUDIO 10 H²O Urban Smart Shed Urban Fabric System Framework

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Shed Typology Matrix V

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The Smart Shed system is designed as natural system of urban fabrics for the basis of interventions, which creates the nodes and links to the blue-green corridors.

The smart sheds create opportunities to develop a robust green network consisting of urban open spaces, public realms and green roof system integrated into urban green patches. In addition, it is investigated how the shed system can continue to evolve into vital social centre, which are well connected with the surrounding landscape and water system.

Wetland/ Rain Collection

Integrated Architectural and Landscape Design Strategy Bikeway / Walkway

Renewable, Green Energy

Community Connectivity

Permaculture/ Gardens

Integrating land into architecture is a way to improve building performance and facilitate involvement of nature in the representation of architecture. It is a way to explore how to build harmonious relationship between human beings, urban contexts and nature. This concentration towards reconnecting local context, culture, traditions, and modern technologies enables environmental design methods to be integrated into phenomenological presence, stimulating new ideas to be generated during practice.

Emerging sustainable design strategies can shed light on the future development of landform architecture, thus allowing more productive and efficient systems to be integrated.

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Smart Shed System Programs PUBLIC REALM/OPEN SPACES

PUBLIC PARCEL

INDUSTRIAL PARCEL

PRIVATE PARCEL

Open Pavilion

Community Centre

New Facility within Industrial Block

Residential Rooftop

Small Facility Inside a Park

Recreation Centre

Re-adaptation of Existing Facilities

Podium of Commercial Building

PUBLIC

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Public Space/ Communication/ Performing

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SMART SHED SYSTEM

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PRIVATE

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Overall Site Plan

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Overall Key Areas 3d-Model

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Key Area 01

Defence Zone

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Scenarios Change with time

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Urban Farmlands for Urban Farming

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coastal flooding defence unit at the coastal walkway_normal days

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coastal flooding defence unit at the coastal walkway_flooding

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blue-green corridor in the urban flooding defence zone_normal days

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blue-green corridor in the urban flooding defence zone_flooding

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Key Area 01

Filter Zone

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FILTER ZONE KEY SCENARIO

Flood prevention

Bio-diversity

View attraction

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Water shortage prevention

Nature filtering

Better water cycle

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Human-nature interaction

Healthier environment

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PERSPECTIVES

View towards green corridor, and the filter corridor in the middle of residential buildings. The filter corridor forms a plaza and greeneries for residents, allowing more views and activities occuring.

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Filter corridor consists of multiple layers of steps, and chosen species for water filtering planted inside the creek. These small creeks works as a source of filtered water but also activating the entire filter zone.

Each filter zone contains several filter corridors and run across residential blocks, allowing residential blocks touch the nature easily. The residential blocks also have modified shapes for a better sunlight.

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Overall, filter zone is living with both green and filter corridor and enhanced by them.

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Key Area 01

Storage Zone

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Storage Zone Storage Zone

Water Harvest and Storage Water Harvesting and Storage

Storage Zone Water Harvest and Storage

System Network System Network

Water Storage Capacity System Network

Rainfall

Bio-Retention Cell Bioretention cells capture and hold stormwater from impenetra-

Rainfall

Bio-Retention Cell ble street surfaces making them a component of an Low Impact

Development Bioretention cells capture andstreetscape. hold stormwater from impenetrable street surfaces making them a component of an Low Impact Development streetscape.

Green Soft Infrastructure

Green Roof

Green Soft Infrastructure

Green Roof

Sedimentation

Rain Garden

Water Storage Capacity

Constructed Wetland

Rain gardens reduce storwater runoff through retention,

Constructed wetlands are shallow, vegetated depressions with

tion. Suspended solids are

offer a spectrum of ecosystem

Rain Garden Constructed Wetland infiltration, and evapotranspirapermanent standing water that

removed through sedimentation services to manage and treat Rain gardens reduce storwater Constructed wetlands are shallow, and physical filtration by plant and stormwater. runoff through retention, vegetated depressions with infiltration, and evapotranspirapermanent standing water that soil media. Extended biological tion. Suspended solids aremitigated contaminants offer a spectrum of ecosystem treatment removed through sedimentation services to manage and treat including nutrients and heavy stormwater. and physical filtration by plant and metals. soil media. Extended biological treatment mitigated contaminants including nutrients and heavy metals.

Surface Runoff

Sedimentation

Surface Runoff

Urban Smart Shed

Urban Smart Shed

Infiltration Infiltration

Household

Household Usage Usage

Overflow

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Infiltration Infiltration

Infiltration

Infiltration

Buffering

Buffering

Runoff Reduction

Buffering

Buffering

Biological Treatment

Artificial Water Tank

Natural Water Tank

Artificial Water Tank

Natural Water Tank

Urban Water Cycle

Sedimentation

Runoff Reduction

Overflow

Urban Water Cycle

Sedimentation Sedimentation

Green Corridor

Urban Irrigation

Green Corridor

Urban Irrigation

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Biological Treatment

STUDIO 10 H²O Storage Zone Overall System Water Strategy & Vegetation Design

Echinacea purpurea Rudbeckia fulgida Carex

Quercus bicolor

Scirpus pungens

Amsonia illustris

Pontedaria cordata

Extensive Green Roof

Flooding Water Runoff

Urban Fabrics

Semi-Extensive Green Roof

Irrigation System (Dry Season)

Top Soil

Transit Centre Filtration

Stone Trench with Perforated Pipe

Sedimentation Water Table

Outlet Structure

Retention Infiltration

Drainage

Underdrain

Water Cistern

Infiltration

Water Filter

Water Filter

Rainwater Storage Tank

Pump

To Municipal Pipelines

Pump

Ground Water Aquifers

Blue Corridor

Walkway

Rain Garden

Road

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Constructed Wetland

Urban Shed [ Green Roof ]

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Bio-Retention Cell

STUDIO 10 H²O Storage Zone Design System Typical

Pedestrian Path

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Secondary Road

Green Bridge Station Entrance

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Road and Circulation

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Water Drainage

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Water Harvesting

Constructed Wetland

Bio-retention Cell

Legend

Rain Garden

1. Green Corridor 2. Extended Green Patch [ Rain Garden ] 3. Green Roof 4. Public Plaza 5. Green Bridge

6. Rooftop Garden 7. Constructed Wetland 8. Bio-retention Cell 9. Algae Wheel Pond 10. Community Park

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STUDIO 10 H²O Storage Zone Design System

Flash Flooding Green Roof Extended Green Patch

Rooftop Garden

Extended Green Patch

Green System

Residential Buildings Communal Building

Office Buildings

Transit Centre

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STUDIO 10 H²O Storage Zone Sections Green Buffer Strip Rain Garden

Constructed Wetland

Plaza

Permeable Pathway

Green Corridor Algae Lab Museum Community Terrace

Bioretention Cell Green Bridge

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Algae Wheel Pond

Rain Garden

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20-minute Neighborhoods generation

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Designed Smart Shed Prototype

Introduction to Future Green Energy Production

The Transit Centre The Core of the 20min-neighbourhood zone is designed as

Algae Biodiesel System

an interconnected station for metro and tram lines. It supports the concept of generating an ecological and green circles for the community.

Microalgae have long been recognized as potentially great resources for biofuel generation since of their moderately high oil substance and fast biomass generation. The production of biofuels utilizing biomass as a renewable energy source, which is an inexhaustible source for solving the vitality issue, is getting to be progressively imperative. The utilize of green growth in architecture has brought numerous benefits, such as energy sparing, decreasing carbon dioxide emissions, oxygen era, biofuel generation, wastewater treatment.

Algae Wheel Wastewater Treatment Developing green growth in wastewater can decrease the ammonium and phosphorus concentrations within the wastewater.Algae develop utilizing sunlight and the supplements within the wastewater. In expansion, captured CO2 from biofuels generation can be pumped into the wastewater to boost green growth efficiency. Algaewheel advances a maintainable treatment show that addresses water contamination and underpins neighborhood water security.

Algae

O2+Sugar

CO2

Bacteria

Recidential Building Office/Commercial Building Air is used to lift and rotate the wheels

Communal Building

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Transit Centre System Flow Diagram Prototypical Scale

Green Transit Centre

Green Roof System

Algae Biodiesel System

Water Collected from Green Roof

Public Areas

Solar Panel

Roof Gardens

Closed Photo-bioreactor Green Corridor

Filtration & Water Storage Green Patch

CO2

Nutrients Algae Harvest

Rain Garden Bio-Refinery [ Oil Extraction ]

Biofuel

Green Energy

Green Energy Station

Bio-Retention Cell

Biowaste Constructed Wetland

Public Transport System

Anaerobic Digester Electricity

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Transit Centre

STUDIO 10 H²O Algae Cultivation Lab

Prototype System Concept

Flat Green Roof

The transit centre introduces the Smart Shed system as one of the crutial concept in the overall framewwork.

From the architectural aspect, it is seem as part of the

Green Bridge

ecological system and as the bridge that is not only

Curved Green Roof

Bio-Refinery Lab

subtly integrate the building within the natural enviornment but also generating connections between urban blocks and road system.

Commercial Area Commercial Area

The green roof and algae biodiesel system are also

Tram Waiting Platform

integrated into the design, which aims to look into the

Visitor/Community Centre

possibility and future of alternative green energy.

Commercial Area

The approach focuses on the flow of water system and green continuity to create a comprehensive landform architecture for social gathering, biodiversity, mobility and Sustainability.

Design Iterations Tram Line

Anaerobic Digester Plant Room Train Platform Mechanical Room

Concept Diagram Exploded Diagram

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STUDIO 10 H²O Transit Centre Diagrammic Plan Prototype

Train Station Entrance rea

ial A

merc

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Entry Hall

Tram

Stop

Commercial Area Entry Hall

Visitor/ Community Centre

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STUDIO 10 H²O Transit Centre Diagrammic Section Water Cycle System + Algae Biodiesel System

Green Roof Structure Algae Closed Bio-Reactor System

Green Bridge

Algae Wheel Water Treatment Pond

Vegetation

Growing Medium

Filter Fleece/ Root Repelient Drainage Layer

Insulation Layer

Waterproof Membrane Structural Support

Algae Biodiesel System

Rainwater Harvesting Green Roof & Rooftop Garden

Algae Lab Workshop Bio-Refinery Lab / Educational Museum

Commercial Area

Rain Garden Infiltration

Tram Stop and Walkways

Visitor and Community Centre

Commercial Area Biofuel

CO²

Mechanical Room

Anaerobic Digester Plant Room

Train Platforms

Filtered Stormwater Runoff

Irrigation Cistern Cistern

On Site Domestic Grey Water Treatment

Grey Water Sent to Water Treatment Facility

Primary

Secondary

Treated Grey Water used for Flushing and Irrigation

Tertiary

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Treated Water from Algae Wheel Ponds

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Wetland View towards Transit Centre

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Blue-Green Corridor side towards Rain Gardens and Plaza

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Blue-Green Corridor side towards Rain Gardens and Plaza [ Flooding Period ]

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Constructed Wetland view

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Constructed Wetland view [ Flooding Period ]

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