Hindi - Dec 2015 by LEISA India

izd`fr dh vksj okilh fo'oeksgu eksgUrh

çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®vz

5 NksVs [ksr] cM+s ewY; jatu dqekj iaMk o vftr dqekj iaMk 9 izÑfr dh vksj okilh fo'oeksgu eksgUrh 12 leqnk; }kjk laj{k.k % leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ek/;e ihrkEcj Js"B ,oa lty LFkkfir

NksVh tksr okys fdlkuksa dh LFkkuh; ikfjfLFkfrdh ij fuHkZj [kk| mRiknu mudh [ksrh dks LFkkbZ] tyok;q ifjorZuksa ds izfr laosnh o tSo fofo/k cuk;s j[krh gSA eydufxjh ds vkfnoklh fdlkuksa us ikfjfLFkfrdh [ksrh ij fQj ls fo'okl trkrs gq, chtksa ij okil viuk fu;a=.k izkIr fd;k] ftlls mudh vkthfodk lqjf{kr gqbZA

15 tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVrs fdlku vatw ik.Ms;] jfo izdk'k feJk ,oa Mk0 ch0,u0 feJ 17 Hkwfe dh deh us cuk;s ty lzksr uteqy pkS/kjh ,oa fueZy csikjs

leqnk; }kjk laj{k.k % leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ek/;e ihrkEcj Js"B ,oa lty LFkkfir fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ij vkuqokaf'kd lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k ,oa mi;ksx djus esa mudh enn djus gsrq usiky esa ,y-vkbZ-ch-vkbZ-vkjMh- lenqk; vk/kkfjr toS fofo/krk izcU/ku ek/;e dks viukrs gq, fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke dj jgh gSA vkt uisky eas 11000 ls vf/kd [kfsrgj ifjokj LFkkuh; chtkas dks iuqthfZor ,oa ljaf{kr djus eas ly a Xu gAS

Hkwfe dh deh us cuk;s ty lzksr uteqy pkS/kjh ,oa fueZy csikjs

tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVrs fdlku vatw ik.Ms;] jfo izdk'k feJk ,oa Mk0 ch0,u0 feJ ck<+ ,oa ty teko dNkjh bykds dh [kk| lqj{kk dks ges'kk ls gh izHkkfor djrs jgs gSaA ml ij tyok;q ifjorZu us fdlkuksa ds lkeus Hk;adj ladV mRiUu fd;k gS] ijUrq dqN uo'kks/kksa dks viukdj bl ladV dk lkeuk c[kwch fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bls cM+gyxat ds fdlkuksa us fl) Hkh fd;k gS] ftUgksaus xksyh fof/k ls [ksrh dj ty teko dh fLFkfr esa Hkh vPNh iSnkokj yh gSA

ckaxykns'k esa izfr oxZ fdeh0 ,d gtkj ls Hkh vf/kd yksx fuokl djrs gSa vkSj ;g ns'k nqfu;k esa leku vkdkj ds ns'kksa esa vc rd lcls cM+h tula[;k okyk ns'k gSA tehu dh deh vkSj lky&nj lky vkus okyh ck<+ us ;gka dh fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh [kjkc cuk fn;k gSA ysfdu ekSleh }hiksa ,oa rSjrs ckxhpksa us dqN [ksfrgj ifjokjksa dks ty ds lkFk Qly mxkus dk ,d u;k jkLrk iznku fd;k gS] vU;Fkk muds lkeus vius vfLrRo dks cpk ikuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh FkhA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

ØãU ¥¢·¤...

izd`fr dh cs:[kh dh ekj >sy jgs fdlkuksa] “kks/kdrkZvksa ,oa ukxj lekt ds chp fnlEcj] 2015 dk fgUnh vad izLrqr gSA vkt tcfd tyok;q ifjorZu] mlds izHkkoksa ,oa fuiVus ds mik;ksa ij LFkkuh; ls ysdj oSf”od Lrj rd cgl&eqckfglksa ,oa ppkZ dk nkSj tkjh gS] fo”o Lrj ij fpUrk dk fo"k; cu pqds tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkokas ls gksus okys uqdlku dks de djus dh fn”kk esa gh ugha] oju~ tyok;q ifjorZu dks Hkh de djus dh fn”kk esa Bksl ,oa izHkkoh igy dh ekax tksj idM+us yxh gSA ,sls le; esa ns”k&fons”k ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ds NksVs] e>ksys o efgyk fdlkuksa }kjk fd;s tk jgs NksVs&NksVs iz;kl okLro esa dkjxj fl) gks ldrs gSaA bUgha fo"k;ksa dks js[kkafdr djrk if=dk dk igyk ys[k ^^NksVs [ksr] cM+s ewY;** Jh jatu dqekj iaMk o vftr dqekj iaMk }kjk fyf[kr gSA bl ys[k esa NksVs fdlkuksa }kjk viuh [kk| ,oa vkthfodk lqj{kk ds fy, [ksrh esa fofo/khdj.k] fefJr [ksrh vkfn rduhdksa dks viukdj mlls gq, ykHkksa dks crk;k x;k gS lkFk gh [ksrh dks mUur cukus esa ljdkjh ;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa dh izklafxdrk dks Hkh crk;k x;k gSA Jh fo”oeksgu eksgUrh }kjk fyf[kr if=dk dk nwljk ys[k ^^izÑfr dh vksj okilh** ,d ,sls vkfnoklh leqnk; dh dgkuh gS] ftlus vk/kqfud [ksrh dk eksg NksM+dj ikjEifjd [ksrh dks viuk;k vkSj vkt [kk| o iks"k.k lqj{kk ds ekeys esa vkRefuHkZj gSaA Jh ihrkEcj Js"B ,oa lty LFkkfir }kjk fyf[kr ys[k ^^leqnk; }kjk laj{k.k % leqnk; vk/kfjr izcU/ku ek/;e** usiky ds 11000 ls vf/kd ifjokjksa dh lQyrk dks n”kkZrk gS] ftUgksaus vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k dj [ksrh dks iquthZfor ,oa iquLZFkkfir fd;k gSA if=dk pkSFkk ys[k lqJh vatw ik.Ms;] Jh jfo izdk”k feJk ,oa Mk0 ch0,u0 feJ }kjk fyf[kr ,oa fdlkuksa ds uoksUos"kksa ij vk/kkfjr ^^tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVrs fdlku** gS] ftlesa /kku dh [ksrh esa xksyh fof/k ds iz;ksx dh lQyrk dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA tcfd if=dk dk vfUre o ikapok ys[k Jh uteqy pkS/kjh ,oa Jh fueZy csikjs }kjk fyf[kr ys[k ^^Hkwfe dh deh us cuk;s ty lzksr** ckaxykns”k ds ck<+xzLr {ks= esa ifjfLFkfrtU; cus }hiksa ,oa Hkwfe ds csgrj mi;ksx dks iznf”kZr djrk gSA vUr esa if=dk dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa mi;qDrrk ij vkids csgrj lq>koksa dh izrh{kk esa--lEiknd e.My

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

QksVks % vkj-,Qpkoy o eNyh dh fefJr [ksrh

UÀUæðÅðU ¹ðÌ, ÕÇð¸ ×êËØU Ú¢UÁÙ ·é¤×æÚU Â¢ÇUæ °ß¢ ¥çÁÌ ·é¤×æÚU Â¢ÇUæ mM+hlk ds vkink izHkkfor {ks=ksa esa NksVs fdlku viuh ,oa vius ifjokj dh [kk| o iks"k.k lqj{kk dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, u;s jkLrksa dh [kkst dj jgs gSa vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiV jgs gSaA lfCt+;ksa ds cxhps vkSj pkoy&eNyh dh fefJr [ksrh tSls uo igy fdlkuksa dks mudh [kk|] iks"k.k ,oa iSlksa dh vko';drk iwjh djus esa lg;ksx iznku dj jgs gSaA cgqr ls NksVs] e>ksys fdlku iwjs fo”o esa vf/kdka”k Hkw[ks yksxksa dks Hkkstu miyC/k djkus dk dke djrs gSaA okLro esa] [ksfrgj ifjokj u dsoy [kir gksus okys Hkkstu dks mRikfnr djus esa vf/kdka”k ;ksxnku nsrs gSa oju~ i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa Hkh lg;ksx djrs gSaA egaxk [ksrh fuos”k] de mit] vlg;ksxh uhfr;ka] tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa vkfn cgqr lh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, ;s fujUrj [ksrh dj jgs gSaA mM+hlk ds fdlku Ñf"k esa LFkkbZRo ykus ds fy, izkÑfrd

vkinkvksa ls fujUrj yM+ jgs gSaA ,d rjQ tgka ukSink ftys ds fdlku lw[ks ls izHkkfor gks jgs gSa rks nwljh rjQ rVh; tuinksa tSls dsUnzink esa fujUrj vkus okyh ck<+ fdlkuksa dks uktqd cukrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fdlku dqN uohu xfrfof/k;ksa tSls lfCt+;ksa dk cxhpk ,oa ,dhÑr [ksrh dks viukdj bu tyok;qfod vkinkvksa ls fuiVus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSaA ;g ys[k mu uohu xfrfof/k;ksa ds ckjs esa gS tks bu nks fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa ds NksVs fdlkuksa esa vk”kk ds cht cks jgs gSaA

lfCt+;ksa ds ek/;e ls lw[ks dk lkeuk uqvkikM+k ftys ds [kkfj;j fodkl [k.M ds nksgyink xkao ds cuekyh csgjk nks ,dM+ [ksr ds ekfyd gSaA og vius vk/kk ,dM+ [ksr esa iwjs o"kZ flQZ lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djrs gSaA mUgksaus viuh Qlyksa dh flapkbZ ds fy, ,d dqvka [kksnk gS vkSj flapkbZ ds fy, ikuh mBkus gsrq ,d ijEijkxr midj.k rsUnk dk mi;ksx djrs gaSA ?kj dk izR;sd lnL; bl [ksrh esa layXu jgrk gS vkSj iwjs ifjokj dks nks ?k.Vs Je ds cnys og ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

ls tqM+s Lo;alsoh Jh v”kksd iVuk;d dgrs gSaA Jh iVuk;d lw[ks dk lkeuk djrs gq, fdlkuksa dks mRlkfgr djrs gSaA Bhd blh id z kj dk dke fudV ds xkoa eknskfsly eas gks jgk gAS

rqM+kbZ ds fy, rS;kj cSaxu

;s os xkao gSa] tgka ij o"kkZ vk/kkfjr [ksrh ds dkj.k /kku dh [ksrh eqf”dy gksrh tk jgh gS vkSj ;gka ds yksx vkU/kz izns”k ds bZaV HkV~Bksa vkSj vU; LFkkuksa dh vksj ukSdjh dh ryk”k esa iyk;u dj jgs gSaA lw[kk fLFkfr;ksa ds c<+us vkSj Qly [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k iyk;u ;gka dh fu;fer fo”ks"krk cu x;h gAS fQj Hkh] xkoa okys lfCt;kas dh [krsh dj lw[ks dk lkeuk lQyrkiwoZd dj jgs gSa vkSj ;s nksuksa laLFkk,a xkao okyksa dk tqM+ko ;Fkksfpr ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ls djus dk Hkh iz;kl dj jgh gSaA lkSHkkX; ds rkykc

viuh x`gokfVdk esa [kM+s cuekyh

lfCt+;ka nsrs gS] ftls og [kk ldrs gSa vkSj csp ldrs gSaA cuekyh dk dguk gS fd ^^og izR;sd fnu [ksr dh flapkbZ ds fy, de ls de vk/kk ?k.Vs dk le; nsrs gSa vkSj vk/kk ?k.Vk nwljs dkeksa tSls fujkbZ ,oa ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa ds ikl feV~Vh dh [kqnkbZ dk dke djrs gSaA** tcfd cuekyh dh iRuh la;qDrrk dgrh gS&^^tehu vkids Je dk Hkqxrku vo”; djrs gSaA vki vf/kd Je djrs gSa rks vf/kd okilh gksrh gSA bl [ksrh dks /kU;okn] ftlds dkj.k u dsoy gesa fu;fer :i ls lfCt+;ka [kkus dks feyrh gSa] oju~ lfCt+;ksa dks cspdj gesa dqN uxn vkenuh Hkh gks tk jgh gSA ge vius mRikn dk de ls de vk/kk fgLlk utnhd ds cktkj esa csp ysrs gSaA** cuekyh dh iRuh la;qDrk dgrh gSaA cuekyh dh gh rjg] vkSj cgqr ls] yxHkx 30 y?kq fdlku viuh x`gokfVdk esa lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh dj vius ifjokj dh [kk|] iks"k.k ,oa vk; dh vko”;drk iwjh djus esa lg;ksx ns jgs gSaA ^^okLro esa ;g xkao bl iwjs {ks= esa ,d mnkgj.k gSA** nks LFkkuh; LoSfPNd laxBuksa ds,vkjvkjchokbZ, ,oa fodkl

ifjokj dh iks"k.k vko';drk iwjh ds lkFk&lkFk ,dhÑr [ksrh fdlkuksa dks viuh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lq/kkjus esa Hkh enn djrh gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

blh tuin esa cksnu fodkl[k.M ds dqlqe[kqUrk xkao esa] Nrj ek>h vkSj mTty ek>h dh dgkfu;ka Hkh crkus yk;d gSaA ;s nksuksa lhekUr fdlku viuh vkthfodk ds fy, nSfud etnwjh ij fuHkZj Fks vkSj buds ikl budh viuh tehu cgqr FkksM+h lh FkhA tehu ds bl NksVs VqdMs+ vkSj o"kkZ vk/kkfjr [ksrh ls budh [kkus dh ewyHkwr vko”;drk Hkh iwjh ugha gksrh FkhA fQj ,d o"kZ igys ikyh lHkk }kjk ,d ljdkjh jkstxkj miktZu dk;ZØe eujsxk ds vUrxZr ,d rkykc dh [kqnkbZ ds fy, bu nksukas fdlkuksa dk p;u buds csgrj dy dk izkjEHk cukA bu nksuksa us iks[kjh ;kstuk ds vUrxZr viuh tehu ij rkykc dh [kqnkbZ dh vkSj izR;sd dks etnwjh ds :i :0 22000-00 dk lg;ksx feykA lkexzh dh ykxr vkSj tekur dh jkf”k dkVus ds ckn 22000-00 :i;s esa ls Nrj ek>h dks 14000-00 :0 vkSj mTty ek>h dks :0 15000-00 :0 feysA Nrj us vius 70 fMlfey [ksr ds 4 fMlfey esa dq,a dh [kqnkbZ dh vkSj lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djus ds fy, iwjs [ksr dh pkjksa rjQ ls ?ksjkcUnh dhA mUgksaus vius 45 fMlfey [ksr esa I;kt] 10 fMlfey esa VekVj ,oa rkykc ds fdukjksa ij fHk.Mh] lwjteq[kh vkSj dqN vU; LFkkuh; lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh dhA ^^ge iwjs o"kZ Hkj lfCt+;ksa dks [kkrs gSa vkSj bl o"kZ geus “ks"k lfCt+;ksa dks cspdj :0 15000-00 dh dekbZ Hkh dhA vc gesa vkU/kz izns”k ls ckgj iyk;u djus dh vko”;drk ugha gSA** izlUu fn[krs Nrj dgrs gSaA mTty Hkh vc vius 50 fMlfey [ksr dh flapkbZ dj I;kt mxk jgs gSaA mUgksaus [ksr dh esM+ksa ij vjgj Hkh yxk j[kk gSA mTty us bl o"kZ 14000-00 :0 dh dekbZ dh vkSj mudk iyk;u :dk gSA bu nksuksa fdlkuksa us vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds Je dk mi;ksx dj rkykcksa dh [kqnkbZ dhA blls ,d rjQ rks eujsxk ds rgr~ muds ifjokj esa dekbZ vk;h vkSj nwljh rjQ mudh Lo;a dh lEifÙk Hkh rS;kj gqbZA bl xfrfof/k dks xkao ds vU; vkB fdlku Hkh viuk jgs gSaA {ks= esa ;g xkao vU;ksa xkaoksa ds fy, izsj.kk dk lzksr cuk gqvk gSA

viuh lfCt+;ksa ds lkFk dapu

tSlkfd v”kksd iVuk;d us crk;k] bl {ks= esa iqjkus le; ls fdlkuksa }kjk x`gokfVdk dh tkrh jgh gSA igys le; esa] ifjokj dh iks"k.k vko”;drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, izR;sd ?kj ds fiNokM+s lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh gksrh FkhA le; chrus ds lkFk] ;g vH;kl cUn gks x;k vkSj bl ifjorZu ds ihNs Je dh deh ,d izeq[k dkj.k FkkA vc LoSfPNd laxBu ds iz;kl ls] izR;sd xkao esa de ls de 20&30 izfr”kr ifjokj vius ?kj ds fiNokM+s lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djus esa layXu gSaA muesa ls vf/kdka”k ifjokj bruk vf/kd mxk ys jgs gSa fd mls cspdj viuh uxn iSls dh vko”;drkvksa dks Hkh iwjk dj ys jgs gSaA

pkoy vkSj eNyh dh ,dhd`r [ksrh dsUnzink ftys ds jktuxj fodkl [k.M ds in~eukHkiV~ue xkao esa] ckj&ckj vkus okyh ck<+ fdlkuksa dks /kku dh [ksrh djus ls jksdrh FkhA ysfdu vc] fdlkuksa us fo”oO;kih fpUrk vkSj ;wjksih;u la?k }kjk lgk;frr ,oa ,d LFkkuh; lg;ksxh laLFkk vkj-lh-Mh-lh- ds lg;ksx ls fØ;kfUor vusd ns”kksa dh igy ^^ifjorZu** ds ek/;e ls uohu lg;ksx ik;k gSA dapu lkey tSlh y?kq fdlku viuh NksVh lh /kku dh [ksrh esa /kku ds lkFk eNyh ,oa lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh dj jgh gSaA ifjokj dh iks"k.k vko”;drkvksa dks mUur djus ds vfrfjDr ,dhÑr [ksrh ekMy fdlkuksa dks mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks mUur cukus esa Hkh lg;ksx nsrs gSaA

2000 eNfy;ksa ds cht ,oa eNfy;ksa ds fy, vko”;d Hkkstu ds lkFk lfCt+;ksa ds chtksa ,oa ikS/kksa dk lg;ksx dapu dks iznku fd;k x;kA o"kZ 2013 esa mUgksaus vius ?kj ds fiNokM+s 50 fMlfey [ksr dh rS;kjh ,dhÑr [ksrh ds fy, dhA mUgkssaus viuh tehu ds bl VqdM+s dks [ksr lg rkykc esa ifjofrZr fd;k tgka /kku vkSj eNyh nksuksa thfor jg ldsaA mUgksaus ikuh ds vUnj vkus vkSj ckgj tkus dk jkLrk Hkh cuk;k rkfd ikuh dh vf/kdrk gksus ij mls ckgj fudkyk tk lds vkSj eNfy;ka [ksr esa gh :d tk;saA [ksr dh esM+ksa dks lfCt+;ksa ds ckxhps ds :i esa cny fn;kA mUgksaus Qly dh [ksrh vkSj lfCt+;ksa ds ckxhps nksuksa ds fy, tSfod [kkn dk mi;ksx fd;kA ek= ,d o"kZ ds vUnj gh viuh NksVh ls x`gokfVdk esa lfCt+;ksa dks mxkdj dapu dh vkenuh yxHkx 200 izfr”kr c<+ x;h gS vkSj og vc ,d xkSjo”kkyh fdlku gSaA dapu dgrh gSa ^^eSaus /kku ls :0 ikap gtkj dh vkenuh izkIr dhA bl o"kZ eSaus eNfy;ksa ls vkB gtkj vkSj lfCt+;ksa dh fcØh ls rhu gtkj dh vkenuh /kku ls izkIr vk; ds vfrfjDr izkIr dhA** vkxs dapu dgrh gSa &^^vkSj gesa vius ifjokj ds fy, lfCt+;ka vkSj eNyh Hkh ugha [kjhnuh iM+hA** mUgksaus vius cPpksa ds fy, lkbfdysa [kjhnha] mudh i<+kbZ ds [kpZ dks iwjk fd;k vkSj vU; nwljs rjhds ls Hkh vius ifjokj dh enn dhA LFkkuh; laLFkk ds ,d iz{ks= dk;ZdÙkkZ tuest; dgrs gSa &^^os lHkh fdlku] ftudks bl rjg dh enn nh x;h] mu

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

lHkh dks ,d tSlk ykHk feyk gSA viuh ifjokj dh iks"k.k vko”;drk dks iwjk djus ds lkFk gh ,dhÑr [ksrh dk ;g ekMy fdlkuksa dks mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr mUur djus esa lg;ksx iznku dj jgk gSA oYMZokbM dUluZ ds lkFk dke djus okys rduhdh leUo;d ljkst nkl bl igy dks dkQh izHkkoh ekurs gSaA mudk dguk gS ^^rVh; txrflagiqj vkSj dsUnzink tuinksa ds pØokr vkSj ck<+ izHkkfor {ks=ksa esa jgus okys NksVs fdlkuksa us bl la;qDr [ksrh ekMy dks lQyrkiwoZd viuk;k gS ftlls mUgsa vkink ds izHkkoksa dks de djrs gq, ifjokj dh iwjd [kk|] iks"k.k ,oa vk; dh vko”;drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq voljksa ds fuekZ.k esa enn feyh gSA ;s ekMy u dsoy Hkkjrh; rVh; {ks=ksa esa izHkkoh fl) gq, gSa oju~ ckaxykns”k esa /kku&eNyh dh [ksrh ds dkj.k /kku dh [ksrh ls mRlftZr gksus okys dkcZu esa 23 izfr”kr rd deh vk;h gS] ftlls tyok;q ifjorZu tSls cM+s eqn~ns ds lek/kku dh fn”kk esa Hkh dke djus esa lgk;rk feyh gSA**

bu lHkh fdlkuksa us vkink vkSj xjhch ls lQyrkiwoZd yM+rs gq, viuh o vius ifjokj dh [kk|] iks"k.k o vk; lqj{kk dks lqfuf”pr fd;k gSA os iSls ds ekeys esa xjhc gks ldrs gSa ysfdu mudh ,d NksVh lh Hkwfe us mUgsa cM+h izxfr nh gSA ;|fi fd muds ikl de tehu gS] ysfdu mUgksaus tyok;q ifjorZu tSls cM+s eqn~ns ds lek/kku dh fn”kk esa dke fd;k gSA Ú¢UÁÙ ·ð¤0 Â‡ÇUæ ÕâðÚUæ, ¥æÚ/x-°-y, Áð.°×. ·¤æÜæðÙè, ÕémæÚUæÁæ, â ÕÜÂéÚU |{}®®y ©UÇU¸èâæ, ÖæÚUÌ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ ranjanpanda@gmail.com ¥ÁèÌ ·é¤×ÚUè Â¢ÇUæ UâãU â¢ØæðÁ·¤ ÁÜ ÂãUÜ, ©UÇ¸Uèâæ

Family farming and nutrition LEISA INDIA, Vol. 16, No.4, Dec. 2014

Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 1999-2014 V.8, No. 1, 2006 - Documentation for Change V.8, No. 2, 2006 - Changing Farming Practices V.8, No. 3, 2006 - Knowledge Building Processes V.8, No. 4, 2006 - Nurturing Ecological Processes V.9, No. 1, 2007 - Farmers Coming together V.9, No. 2, 2007 - Securing Seed Supply V.9, No. 3, 2007 - Healthy Produce, People and Environment V.9, No. 4, 2007 - Ecological Pest Management V.1, No. 1, 1999 - Markets for LEISA and Organic products V.1, No. 2, 1999 - Stakeholders in Research V.1, No. 3, 1999 - Restoring biodiversity V.2, No. 1, 2000 - Desertification V.2, No. 2, 2000 - Farmer innovations V.2, No. 3, 2000 - Farming in the forest V.2, No. 4, 2000 - Monocultures towards sustainability

V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains

V.3, No. 1, 2001 - Coping with disaster V.3, No. 2, 2001 - Go global stay local V.3, No. 3, 2001 - Lessons in scaling up V.3, No. 4, 2001 - Biotechnology

V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming

V.4, No. 1, 2002 Managing Livestock V.4, No. 2, 2002 - Rural Communication V.4, No. 3, 2002 - Recreating living soil V.4, No. 4, 2002 - Women in agriculture

V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights

V.5, No. 1, 2003 - Farmers Field School V.5, No. 2, 2003 - Ways of water harvesting V.5, No. 3, 2003 - Access to resources V.5, No. 4, 2003 - Reversing Degradation

V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification

V.6, No. 1, 2004 - Valuing crop diversity V.6, No. 2, 2004 - New generation of farmers V.6, No. 3, 2004 - Post harvest Management V.6, No. 4, 2004 - Farming with nature

V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming

V.7, No. 1, 2005 - On Farm Energy V.7, No. 2, 2005 - More than Money V.7, No. 3, 2005 - Contribution of Small Animals V.7, No. 4, 2005 - Towards Policy Change

V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition

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ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

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cht ,d= fd;s x;sA bl ifj;kstuk ls tqM+s xkao ds dqN yksxksa us mu cM+s fdlkuksa dks fpfUgr fd;k tks LFkkuh; chtksa dks c<+kus gsrq bPNqd FksA leqnk; us ifjokjksa dh iks"k.k lqj{kk dks c<+kus ds fy, [ksrh iz.kkyh esa tSo fofo/krk dks izksRlkfgr fd;kA bl gsrq bUgksaus lcqtk ,oa inj] ?kjkckjh ds ikjEifjd [ksrh iz.kkyh dks iquthZfor djus dk ladYi fy;kA ,slk djus ds fy, vkfnoklh Ñ"kd lewg us DyLVj vkSj xkao Lrj ij cht ekufp=.k djus dk dk;Z fd;k vkSj bls xzke iapk;r laxBuksa ds lkFk lk>k fd;kA bl izfØ;k us {ks= esa Qly le`f) dk jkLrk [kksy fn;kA yksxksa us viuh bPNk ls LFkkuh; chtksa dk p;u fd;k ,oa mu chtksa dk vknku&iznku djus ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k] ftlls LFkkuh; Lrj ij [kk| mRikndrk c<+kus esa lg;ksx feysA ikjEifjd fefJr [ksrh i)fr dh rkdr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] eysyxqMk ds fdlkuksa us viuh mPp Hkwfe ij fefJr [ksrh dh iqjkuh i)fr dks viukus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA orZeku esa 78 ifjokj nkyksa] eksVs vuktksa vkSj [kk|kUuksa dh fefJr [ksrh dj jgs gSaA Qlyksa dk ,dhdj.k bl izdkj fd;k x;k fd ,d rjQ rks leqnk; vius o"kZ Hkj [kkus ds fy, vukt mxkus esa l{ke gqvk vkSj nwljh rjQ e`nk mojZrk esa o`f) gqbZA lkFk gh tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVus esa [ksr vf/kd laosnh gq,A o"kZ 2014 esa] yxHkx 10 ifjokjksa us vius [ksr ij 6 iztkfr dh Qlyksa dks rFkk 7 ifjokjksa us 7&15 iztkfr dh Qlyksa dks fy;kA orZeku esa] leqnk; ds yksx xfeZ;ksa ds fnuksa esa Hkh [kk| mxk jgs gSaA ifjokjksa us e`nk esa miyC/k ueh ds vuqlkj lCth mRiknu dks izcfU/kr djus ds fy, lw[kk laosnh lfCt++;ksa dh iztkfr;ksa ,oa yrknkj lfCt+;ksa dk p;u fd;kA ?kjksa ls fudys csdkj ikuh dk mi;ksx ikS/kksa dh flapkbZ ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA rjy [kkn dk mi;ksx djus ls LoLFk ikS/ks mx jgs gSaA ifjokj dh vko”;drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds ckn] ,d lfØ; efgyk usrk Jherh ekaxqyh ikaxh us o"kZ 2012 dh lw[kh xfeZ;ksa esa lfCt++;ksa dks csp dj :0 4500-00 ls T;knk dh dekbZA tcfd blls igys bl ekSle esa mUgsa Lo;a lfCt+;ksa dh deh iM+h jgrh FkhA yxHkx 39 ifjokj rhu eghuksa rd lfCt++;ka mxk jgs gSa vkSj 27 ifjokj 4&6 ekg rd lfCt;ka mxk dj ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA

mHkjrs ekMy fdlku vtqZu nqjk uked ,d fdlku us dqN ijEijkxr ikfjokfjd [ksrh ekMy dk Hkze.k fd;kA og igys ,sls O;fDr Fks] ftUgksaus vius lg;ksxh xkao okyksa ds fy, cht c<+kus gsrq iz;kl djuk izkjEHk fd;kA mUgksaus vius ,dek= 2 ,dM+ [ksr esa ijEijkxr chtksa dk mi;ksx dj fefJr [ksrh dh vkSj vius 9 lnL;h; ifjokj ds fy, i;kZIr Hkkstu mxk ikus esa l{ke gq,A mUgksaus xkS ew=] xk; dk xkscj vkSj LFkkuh; o`{kksa dh

ifÙk;ksa ds mi;ksx ls rS;kj rjy [kkn ^^rjy lkj** dk mi;ksx viuh fry dh Qly esa fd;k vkSj LFkkuh; ;Fkksfpr i)fr dh rkdr dk vuqHko fd;kA o"kZ 2012 ds ckn] vtqZu us [ksrh ls i;kZIr ek=k esa lqxfU/kr /kku vkSj fry izkIr fd;k vkSj bl o"kZ bUgsa budh vkenuh gqbZ fd mUgksaus vius ifjokj dh ca/kd j[kh 4 ,dM+ tehu dks NqM+k fy;kA mlds bl iz;kl us xkao ds vU; fdlkuksa tSls & ekaxqyh ikaxh] pUnzek [kjk] nqf[k;k casnk] t;k eMdkeh vkfn dks LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ij vk/kkfjr LFkkbZ [ksrh i)fr dks viukus gsrq rS;kj fd;kA vtqZu nqjk ds lkFk bu fdlkuksa us ijEijkxr iz.kkyh ij viuk fo”okl trk;k vkSj bls vius lEeku ds lkFk tksM+us gsrq vU; fdlkuksa dks rS;kj fd;kA

fcgUuk eka ¼cht eka½ vkfnoklh efgykvksa us p;u] mipkj ,oa laj{k.k ds ek/;e ls LFkkuh; chtksa ds iks"k.k esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA bls ekU;rk nsus ds lkFk] eysyxqMk ds xzke fdlku lewg us dapu iqtkjh dks xkao dh cht eka ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;kA cht dh fpfUgr yqIr iztkfr;ksa dks c<+kus ds fy, cht eka us vU; xkaoksa ls chtksa dks [kkstk vkSj dqN eq[; efgyk fdlkuksa tSls & nqf[k;k csank] t;k eMdkeh] ekaxqyh ikaxh] pUnzek [kjk vkfn dks cht c<+kus ds fy, fn;kA izkjEHk esa mUgksaus eksVs vuktksa vkSj nygu dh [ksrh dh vkSj mit dks lg;ksxh [ksfrgj ifjokjksa ds lkFk lk>k fd;kA cht eka us xkao ds vU; [ksfrgj ifjokjksa dks cht vknku&iznku djus ds lkFk gh [ksr dh tSo fofo/krk dks c<+kus esa Hkh enn fd;kA

dhVuk”kdksa ds LFkku ij dj jgs gSaA mUgksaus dEiksLV fiVksa dks cukus ds fy, ljdkj ls Hkh lgk;rk izkIr dh gSA vtqZu nqjk] y{eh f[kyk vkSj pUnzek [kjk tSls cgqr ls xkao Lrjh; usrk rS;kj gq, gSa] ftUgksaus lw[kkxzLr fLFkfr;ksa esa LFkkuh; Qlyksa dh vuqdwyu izÑfr dks u dsoy Lo;a viuk;k gS] oju~ iwjh rRijrk ,oa yxu ds lkFk yksxksa ds chp mls crk;k Hkh vkSj ;g vk”kk O;Dr dh fd bl izdkj dk fodkl LFkkbZ fodkl gksxkA vc vius chtksa] fuos”kksa vkSj [kk| ij eysyxqMk ds fdlkuksa dh csgrj igq¡p ,oa fu;U=.k gSA vius vuqHkoksa ls mUgksaus viuh xjhch ls fuiVuk vkSj ,d lEekutud thou thus dk rjhdk lh[kk gSA eysyxqM+k dk vkfnoklh leqnk; iqu% izÑfr dh vksj okilh dks rS;kj gSa tgka ls muds lq[kn o le`) Hkfo"; dk jkLrk tkrk gSA

çßàß×æðãUÙ ×æðãU‹Ìè ¥æ»üÙæ§ÁðàæÙ È¤æÚU M¤ÚUÜ çÚU·¤‹SÅUþ€àæÙ °‡ÇU §‹ÅUè»ýðÅðUÇU âæðàæÜ âçßüâ °ç€ÅUçßÅUèÁ (©UÇ¸Uèâæ) y®/z|®, Üÿ×è çßãUæÚU, ÂæðSÅU- âñçÙ·¤ S·¤êÜ, ÖéßÙðàßÚU- |zv®®z §ü-×ðÜ Ñ orrissabbsr@gmail.com

Family farmers breaking out of poverty LEISA INDIA, Vol. 16, No.2, June 2014

dapu xkao esa lHkh fdlkuksa ds fy, lEidZ fcUnq FkhaA mUgksausu dsoy fdlkuksa dks mudh Hkwfe ds izdkj ds vk/kkj ij Qly pØ fu;kstu djus esa enn fd;kA oju~ efgykvksa dks ekSleh lfCt+;ksa dks yxkus gsrq mRlkfgr fd;kA blds fy, lHkh vkSjrsa muds ;gka ls ikS/ks ysdj mls vius ?kj ds fiNokM+s mxk ldrh gSaA bu o"kksZa esa dapu us [ksfrgj ifjokjksa ds chp okf"kZd vkSj ekSleh cht vknku&iznku djus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA

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ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

Uâ×éÎæØ mæÚUæ â¢ÚUÿæ‡æ â×éÎæØ ¥æÏæçÚUÌ ÂýÕ‹ÏÙ ×æŠØ× ÂèÌæ ÕÚU ŸæðcÆU °ß¢ âÁÜ SÍæçÂÌ QksVks % ihrkEcj Js"B] ykbZcMZ

fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ij vkuqokaf'kd lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k ,oa mi;ksx djus esa mudh enn djus gsrq usiky esa ,y-vkb-Zch-vkb-Zvkj-Mh- lenqk; vk/kkfjr toS fofo/krk izcU/ku ek/;e dks viukrs gq, fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke dj jgh gSA vkt uisky eas 11000 ls vf/kd [kfsrgj ifjokj LFkkuh; chtkas dks iu q thforZ ,oa ljaf{kr djus eas ly a Xu gAS lkeqnkf;d cht cSad

fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ,oa izkÑfrd fuoklksa ij Ñf"kxr fofo/krk dk uqdlku fo”ks"k :i ls usiky tSls fodkl”khy ns”kksa ds Ñ"kd leqnk; ds lkeus fujUrj vkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA usiky ljdkj vkSj dbZ ukxj&lekt laxBuksa }kjk [kk| mRiknu esa lq/kkj ykus gsrq mUur ladj chtksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS vkSj LFkkuh; vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa dks lajf{kr djus ds iz;kl ux.; gSaA cht cpkus ,oa vius leqnk; ds vUnj chtksa ds vknku&iznku ds fdlkuksa ds ijEijkxr vH;klksa dks blds ek/;e ls de fd;k tkrk jgk gSA vkSipkfjd “kks/k ,oa fodkl ls misf{kr gksus ds dkj.k fdlku bl fofo/krk rd viuh igq¡p cukus ds fy, Lo;a vius lkekftd ra= ds ek/;e ls izlkj dj jgs gSaA vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa ds LFkkbZ laj{k.k ,oa mi;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, usiky ds ,d LoSfPNd laxBu] yksdy buhf'k;sfVOl Qkj ck;ksMkboflZVh fjlpZ ,.M Msoyies.V ykbZ cMZ }kjk leqnk; vk/kkfjr tSo fofo/krk izcU/ku ek/;e dks usiky ds fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa esa o"kZ 1990 ls izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gSA leqnk; vk/kkfjr tSo fofo/krk izcU/ku ek/;e ,d ,slk ek/;e gS] ftlls [ksfrgj leqnk; lkewfgd :i ls fu.kZ; ysrs gq, LFkkbZ vkthfodk ds fy, LFkkuh; vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa ds izcU/ku gsrq l”kDr gksrk gSA [ksfrgj leqnk; dk l”kfDrdj.k] Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk dk laj{k.k ,oa tSo fofo/krk vk/kkfjr vkthfodk ds fy, lg;ksx djuk bl leqnk; vk/kkfjr tSo fofo/krk izcU/ku ek/;e ds rhu egRoiw.kZ mn~ns”; gSaA ;g ek/;e ,d ,slh izfØ;k dsfUnzr dk;Ziz.kkyh ij Hkh fopkj dj ldrk gS] ftlls izpfyr lkeqnkf;d <kaps ij [ksfrgj leqnk;ksa dh {kerk ,oa :fp dks cuk;k tk ldsA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

;g n`f"Vdks.k vUrjZk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk dsfUnzr ifj;kstuk ^^oSKkfud vk/kkj dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk ds laj{k.k dks etcwrh iznku djuk** dk ifj.kke FkkA tks o"kZ 1998 ls 2006 ds chp usiky esa csxukl] dkLdh ds e/; igkM+h ,oa dNksjok o ckjk ds rjkbZ eSnkuh Hkkxksa esa ykbZ&cMZ ,oa usiky Ñf"kxr “kks/k ifj"kn ds la;qDr rRok/kku esa fØ;kfUor fd;k x;kA

Lo funsZf'kr fu.kZ; izfdz;k esa Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, fdlkuksa dks laxfBr djuk o"kZ 2009 esa bl n`f"Vdks.k dks iqu% csgrj cukus vkSj izlkfjr djus ds Øe esa ykbZ&cMZ us ukosZft;u LoSfPNd laxBu n Msoyies.V Q.M ds lg;ksx ls leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ek/;e dks usiky ds mPp igkM+h] e/; igkM+h ,oa rjkbZ {ks=ksa ds 8 vfrfjDr ftyksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;kA LFkkuh; lqxfU/kr iztkfr;ksa frydh] dkyksumfu;ka] f”kokxqat] tks igys foyqIr gks jgh Fkha] vc os cgqrk;r esa mxkbZ tkus okyh iztkfr;ka cu x;h gSaA lkewfgd :i ls fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ds dsUnz esa gS vkSj ;g LFkkuh; yksxksa }kjk vius [ksr ij Ñf"k tSo fofo/krk ds izcU/ku lfgr vius Lo;a ds fodkl gsrq yksxksa dks vkxs ys tkus ds fl)kUr ij fo”okl j[krk gSA ;g rHkh laHko gS] tc fdlku vius Lo funsZf”kr y{;ksa dks le>us] Li"V djus rFkk mls fØ;kfUor djus ds

LFkkuh; lqxfU/kr iztkfr;ksa frydh] dkyksumfu;ka] f'kokxqat] tks igys foyqIr gks jgh Fkha] vc os cgqrk;r esa mxkbZ tkus okyh iztkfr;ka cu x;h gSaA

fy, laxfBr gksxsaA izR;sd LFkku ij fdlkuksa dks okMZ Lrj ds lewgksa esa laxfBr fd;k x;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd usiky esa okMZ lcls fupyh jktuhfrd bdkbZ gSA iqu% LFkkuh; Lrj ij leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, ,d uksMy ,tsUlh ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy, bu lewgksa us feydj ^tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr* ds uke ls ,d la?k dk xBu fd;kA bl tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr us viuh okf"kZd xfrfof/k;ksa dk fu;kstu dqN bl rjg ls fd;k gS fd bykds dh LFkkuh; vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa dk fujUrj laj{k.k ,oa mi;ksx lqfuf”pr gks ldsA fdlkuksa dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dh izeq[k xfrfof/k ekuh x;hA lkekU;r;k fdlku lewgksa dk {kerk o/kZu bl izdkj fd;k x;k fd os Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk ds fy, [ksr izcU/ku dk fu;kstu vkSj fØ;kUo;u djus esa l{ke gks ldsa vkSj viuh vkthfodk dks mUur cuk ldsaA vHkh rd iwjs usiky esa 30 tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr ds ek/;e ls 11000 ls vf/kd [ksfrgj ifjokj laxfBr gksdj leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku n`f"Vdks.k dks fØ;kfUor djus esa “kkfey gSaA lky nj lky lfefr ,oa mlds lnL;ksa dh la[;k c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA

lkeqnkf;d cht cSad lkFk ds fdlkuksa }kjk viuk;s x;s chtksa] cktkj ds nckoksa ,oa vU; lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd dkj.kksa ls cgqr lh LFkkuh; iztkfr;ka ,oa uLysa igys gh lekIr gks pqdh gSa vkSj cgqr lh foyqIr gksus ds dxkj ij gSaA vr% fofo/krk dh n`f"V ls le`) o detksj nksuksa gh fLFkfr;kas dks >syus okys bl {ks= esa Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk ds [ksr ij izcU/ku dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA fofo/krk dh n`f"V ls foiUu bl {ks= esa u;h iztkfr;ksa] uLyksa ,oa ikS/kksa dks “kq: fd;k x;k rkfd O;oLFkk esa yphykiu vk ldsA bldk mn~ns”; chtksa dh iztkfr;ksa] ikS/k lkefxz;ksa ,oa i”kqvksa dh uLyksa dks fdlkuksa ds fu;U=.k esa j[kuk gSA leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku n`f"Vdks.k esa] “kq:vkrh nkSj esa tc izfdz;k dk lqxehdj.k ckgjh laxBuksa }kjk fd;k tk jgk Fkk] ml le; leqnk; ds lnL;ksa dks LFkkuh; vkuqokaf”kd

lalk/kuksa] lEcfU/kr ijEijkxr tkudkfj;ksa ,oa lwpukvksa ds nLrkosthdj.k esa “kkfey djrs gq, mUgsa izf”kf{kr fd;k x;kA bl rjg ds vk¡dM+s u flQZ lkekU;] nqyZHk ,oa vf}rh; vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa dh igpku ds fy, oju~ {ks= esa miyC/k vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa ds orZeku ,oa laHkkfor ewY; ij le> cukus ds fy, Hkh vko”;d FksA izR;sd leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku lkbV esa Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk ds Lrj dks le>us ds fy, lgHkkxh pkj lsy uked ,d midj.k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj LFkkuh; Qly iz.kkyh esa ifjorZu ds ihNs ds dkj.kksa ij le> fodflr dh x;hA dqN v/;;uksa] fo”ys"k.k ,oa c<+k;s x;s Kku ds vk/kkj ij lky nj lky ,d fof”k"V Qly ;k iztkfr ;k uLy ds fy, leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcu/ku fu;kstu rS;kj fd;k x;kA [ksr ij Ñf"kxr tSo fofo/krk dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, lkeqnkf;d cht cSad ,d izeq[k xfrfof/k ds :i esa lkeus vk;hA vc rd] ykb&cMZ ds foÙkh; ,oa rduhdh lg;ksx ls usiky ds fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa esa 15 lkeqnkf;d cht cSadksa dh LFkkiuk dh tk pqdh gSA ;s lkeqnkf;d cht cSad LFkkuh; Lrj ij fofo/k izdkj ds chtksa rd yksxksa dh igq¡p lqfuf”pr djrs gq, mUgsa vklkuh ls cht miyC/k djkrs gSaA tcfd cktkjksa esa cgqr de iztkfr;ksa dh gh miyC/krk gks ikrh gSA yxHkx 1195 ,slh LFkkuh; Qlyksa vkSj iztkfr;ksa dk laj{k.k lkeqnkf;d cht cSadksa }kjk fd;k x;k gS] tks yqIr izk; gks pqdh Fkh vkSj lkykuk yxHkx 2000 fdlku bu cht cSadksa ls fofo/k izdkj dh LFkkuh; chtksa dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA

xzkeh.k vkthfodk dks c<+kuk LFkkuh; fdLeksa vkSj uLyksa ds laj{k.k ls vkfFkZd izksRlkgu mRiUu djus ds Øe e]as lenqk; vk/kkfjr iczU/ku nf`"Vdk.sk us toS fofo/krk vk/kkfjr vk;tud fodYikas dks ikzRslkfgr fd;k gSA LFkkuh; vkuqokaf”kd lalk/kuksa vkSj bldh laHkkoukvksa ds fo”ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij dqN xfrfof/k;ksa tSls cht mRiknu] LFkkuh; iztkfr;ksa ds {ks= dk foLrkj] LFkkuh; uLyksa ds i”kqvksa dh la[;k c<+kuk] uLy lq/kkj] ewY; lao/kZu ,oa ikjEifjd vkSj LFkkuh; [kk| lkefxz;ksa ds foi.ku] uohu izlaLdj.k bdkb;ksa dks “kq: djus vkSj vU; NksVs m|eksa dks O;fDrxr ds lkFk&lkFk lkeqnkf;d Lrj ij izk:fir fd;k x;kA mRikn dh xq.koÙkk lqfuf”pr djus ,oa mRiknu j.kuhfr ds LFkkbZRo ds fy,] vko”;d Kku vkSj {kerk o/kZu ,oa vknku&inzku ls lEcfU/kr xfrfof/k;ka vk;kfstr dh x;hAa

QksVks % ykbZcMZ

leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ls izkIr lQyrkvksa] uokpkjksa vkSj ifjorZuksa ds ifj.kke fofo/k vkSj mYys[kuh; gSaA Mkax ftys ds jkeiqj rFkk >kik ftys ds f”kokxat esa frydh vkSj dkyksumfu;k tSlh LFkkuh; lqxfU/kr pkoy iztkfr;ka] tks igys foyqIr gksus ds dxkj ij Fkha] vc ;s iztkfr;ka lkekU; :i ls mxkbZ tkus yxh gSaA fdlku vc bUgsa vPNs nkeksa ij cspdj vk; vtZu dj jgs gSaA dqatks vkSj eq”rkax esa eqxkZsa@ tSo fofo/krk esyk ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

QksVks % ykbZcMZ

leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dk LFkkbZRo

rkjks tSo fofo/krk Cykd

eqfxZ;ksa dh ns”kh iztkfr;kas esa o`f) gqbZ gSA fdlku vc cktkj ls [kjhnus ds ctk; Lo;a fepZ dh [ksrh dj jgs gSaA vfX;kSyh] uoyijklh esa lqvj dh nqyZHk ns”kh uLy gqjkZ dk ikyu cgqr ls yksx djus yxs gSa vkSj vc ;g LFkkuh; ek>h vkSj cksVs leqnk; ls tqM+s yxHkx 100 ifjokjksa dh uxnh vkenuh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lzksr cu x;k gSA blh xkao esa] leqnk; us ,d lkFk feydj ck<+ ls {kfrxzLr gks x;h 10 gsDVs;j ls vf/kd lkoZtfud pkjkxkg dks iqu% LFkkfir fd;k gS rkfd [ksfrgj ifjokjksa ds i”kqvksa ds fy, pkjk ,oa [kqjkd lqj{kk mUur gks ldsA rkfyme vkSj tqeyk esa leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku us efgykvksa ds dfBu Je dks ?kVkus esa viuh izHkko”khyrk dk ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k gSA bl {ks= esa ik;k tkus okyk ,d ns”kh ikS/kk ¼/krsyks½ tks lkekU;r% [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ ckM+s ds fy, yxk;k tkrk Fkk vc mlds chtksa dk mi;ksx [kk| rsy fudkyus esa fd;k tk jgk gSA pwafd rsy fudkyus dh ;g izfØ;k dkQh Jelk/; gS vkSj chtksa ds ,d=hdj.k ds fy, ?k.Vksa pyuk iM+rk gS] fQj Hkh xjhc ?kjksa dh vf/kdka”k efgyk,a bls bdV~Bk djus vkSj rsy fudkyus dk dke gkFk ls djrh gSaA lkekU;r% ijEijkxr izfØ;k ls ,d efgyk ,d fnu esa 2 yhVj rsy fudky ysrh gS Fkh] ijUrq vc leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku ds lg;ksx vkSj leqnk; ds iz;klksa ls fLFkfr;ka cny x;h gSaA ;gka ij rsy fudkyus okyh ,d e”khu yxk nh x;h gS ftlls 10 fdxzk0 /krsyks ds cht ls 3 & 5 yhVj rsy 30 feuV ds vUnj fudy tkrk gSA blls u dsoy efgykvksa dk ifjJe vkSj dk;Zcks> ?kVk] oju~ rsy cspus ls xjhc ifjokjksa dh efgykvksa dh vkenuh esa Hkh btkQk gqvk gSA vc /krsyks flQZ xjhc efgykvksa dh :fp dk fo"k; ugha jg x;k oju~ bl o"kZ xkao ds ikl okyh csdkj iM+h Hkwfe ij xkao okyksa us feydj 2200 ikS/kksa dk jksi.k fd;k gSA /krsyks dh tM+ l?ku gksus ds dkj.k ;g HkwL[kyu ds fy, vojks/k dk Hkh dke djrk gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

LFkkuh; for iks"k.k ds fy, leqnk; vkSj ykbZ&cMZ ds va”knku ls ,d leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dks"k cuk;k x;k gSA ;g leqnk; vk/kfjr izcU/ku dks"k ,d fjokfYoax dks"k gS] ftldk lapkyu ,oa izcU/ku lalk/ku foghu xjhc fdlkuksa ds fy, NksVs&NksVs _.k rd igqap cukus ds fy, ,d fdlku laxBu }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA vfrfjDr Ñf"k vk/kkfjr vkthfodk ifjlEifÙk;ksa esa fuos”k djds fdlku vius ifjokj dh vk; ,oa yphykiu dks mUur cuk ldrs gSaA bl tqM+ko ls mRiUu vfHk:fp ds dkj.k LFkkuh; iztkfr ds chtksa ds fujUrj mRiknu ,oa forj.k lfgr fdlku lewgksa dk lapkyu Hkh vklkuh ls gks jgk gSA 21 xkaoksa esa leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dks"k esas 100000 Mkyj ls vf/kd dh jkf”k ,d= gks pqdh gSA lkykuk] 200 ls vf/kd lnL; NksVs m|e dks “kq: djus vkSj ifjokj dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks lg;ksx iznku djus ds fy, bl dks"k ls NksVs&NksVs _.k ysrs gSaA vk¡dM+s crkrs gSa fd _.k ysus okys 50 izfr”kr ls vf/kd miHkksxdÙkkZ lalk/ku foghu xjhc Js.kh ls gSaA leqnk; vk/kkfjr izcU/ku dks"k lapkfyr gksus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa dks LFkkbZRo iznku djus vkSj laLFkkxr LFkkbZRo ds fy, foÙkh; lalk/ku miktZu dk ,d LFkkbZ lzksr gSA ÂèÌæ ÕÚU ŸæðDïU Áñß çßçßÏÌæ, àææðÏ °ß¢ çß·¤æâ ·ð¤ çÜ° SÍæÙèØ ÂãUÜ ÂæðSÅU Õæ€â xwy, »ñÚUæÂÅUÙ, Âæð¹ÚUæ, ·¤æS·¤è, ÙðÂæÜ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ Pitambar@libird.org âÁÜ SÍæçÂÌ Áñß çßçßÏÌæ, àææðÏ °ß¢ çß·¤æâ ·ð¤ çÜ° SÍæÙèØ ÂãUÜ ÂæðSÅU Õæ€â xwy, »ñÚUæÂÅUÙ, Âæð¹ÚUæ, ·¤æS·¤è, ÙðÂæÜ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ ssthapit@libird.org

vkHkkj % Js"B ih] LFkkfir ,l ,oa ikSMsy vkbZ]] lkeqnkf;d cht cSad % xq.koÙkkiw.kZ ,oa fofo/k chtksa rd igqap c<+kus dk ,d LFkkuh; lek/kku] uisky % Hkrw] oreZku] Hkfo";] 2013 eas lkenqkf;d cht cd aS vkj- osjuwbZ ,oa ih- pkS/kjh (bZM~l)] jk"Vªh; dk;Z”kkyk dh dk;Zokgh] ykbZ&cMZ@;w-,l-lh- dukMk ,f”k;k@n Msoyies.V Q.M@vkbZ,Q,Mh@ck;ksMkboflZVh b.Vjus”kuy] 14&15 twu] 2012] iks[kjk usiky Js"B ih] LFkkfir ,l-] ikSMsy vkbZ-] lqcsnh ,l-] lqcsnh , ,oa LFkkfir ch-] d`f"kxr tSo fofo/krk] laj{k.k vkSj xzkeh.k vkthfodk o`f) ds fy, ,d lkeqnkf;d tSo fofo/krk izcU/ku dks"k LFkkfir djus gsrq ,d fn”kk&funsZ”kUk 2013] ykbZ&cMZ] iks[kjk] usiky Js'B ih- ,oa pkS/kjh ih- tSo fofo/krk izcU/ku % usiky ds tSo fofo/krk laj{k.k ,oa fodkl lfefr] QkfeZax eSVlZ] ua0 28-3] flrEcj] 2012] ist & 22&24 Cultivating farm biodiversity LEISA INDIA, Vol. 16, No.1, March 2014

U ÁÜßæØé ÂçÚUßÌüÙ ·¤ð¤ÂýÖæßæð´ âð çÙÂÅUÙð ç·¤âæÙ ¥¢Áê Âæ‡ÇðUØ ÚUçß Âý·¤æàæ ç×Ÿææ ÇUæ0 Õè.°Ù. ç×Ÿææ

QksVks % th0bZ0,0th0

ck<+ ,oa ty teko dNkjh bykds dh [kk| lqj{kk dks ges'kk ls gh izHkkfor djrs jgs gSaA ml ij tyok;q ifjorZu us fdlkuksa ds lkeus Hk;adj ladV mRiUu fd;k gS] ijUrq dqN uo'kks/kksa dks viukdj bl ladV dk lkeuk c[kwch fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bls cM+gyxat ds fdlkuksa us fl) Hkh fd;k gS] ftUgksaus xksyh fof/k ls [ksrh dj ty teko dh fLFkfr esa Hkh vPNh iSnkokj yh gSA /kku dh xksyh dk laj{k.k

ns'k dh c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k ds lkFk [kk|kuksa dh ekax dks iwjk djuk ,d xEHkhj pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gS A /kku gekjs ns'k dh çeq[k [kk|ku Qly gSA bldh [ksrh fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa yxHkx 4 djksM+ 22 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=Qy esa dh tkrh gSA /kku dk mRiknu yxHkx 9 djksM+ Vu rd ekuk x;k gS A jk"Vªh; Lrj ij /kku dh vkSlr iSnkokj 20 fDoaVy çfr gSD;j gSA /kku dh mRiknu {kerk dks c<+kus ds fy;s lq/kjh [ksrh dh lHkh çk;ksfxd fof/k;ksa dks viukuk vko';d gS ] gekjs ns'k esa /kku dh [ksrh eq[;r;k nks ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dh tkrh gS] o"kkZ vk/kkfjr vkSj flafprA xksj[kiqj ds nf{k.k esa ?kk?kjk unh ds fudV fLFkr cM+gyxat pqukSrh fdlkuksa dks vius LFkkuh; ,oa ikjaifjd rjhdks dks cnyus esa ,rjkt gks ldrk gS- [kkl dj rc] tc 'kgj ls vk;k dksbZ O;fä mUgsa [ksrh fdlkuh crkrk gS fd ikjEifjd fof/k;ksa dks NksM+dj ubZ fof/k;ksa dks viukuk gSa] fdUrq tyok;q ifjorZu ls fdlku bruk vf/kd uqdlku mBk jgs gSa vkSj cqjh gkyr esa gSa fd og vU; tksf[ke dks mBkus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSA

cM+gyxat ds fdlku Jh jfo dqekj iq= Nsnh crkrs gS fd gekjs ikl [ksrh fdlkuh esa le; dh cgqr deh gS vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu bls vkSj eqf'dy cuk nsrk gSA xksyh fof/k ls /kku dh [ksrh djus esa esgur de djuk iM+rk gS vkSj de ykxr esa mRiknu lgh fey tkrk gSA

fodkl [k.M ds fdlkuksa ds fy, nks n'kd igys [ksrh cgqr ljy vkSj Qk;ns dk dke FkkA lky Hkj esa os /kku dh cf<+;k Qly mxk ldrs FksA ysfdu tyok;q ifjorZu us muds lkeus cM+h pqukSfr;ka [kM+h dj nh vkSj izR;sd o"kZ ty&teko dh fLFkfr iSnk gksus yxh tks ,d ls rhu ls pkj ekg rd jgrh gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa fdlkuksa }kjk vius [ksrksa dk iz;ksx djus ,oa /kku ds mRiknu dks ysus ds fy, fiNys dqN n”kdksa esa dqN iz;ksx fd;s x;s tks /kku dh dqN mRiknu nsus esa lQy jgsaA nks lky igys Ñf"k vk/kkfjr vkthfodk lao/kZu ij dke djus okyh Vh,lMCY;w Vh ls lgk;frr ifj;kstuk esa dk;Z djus okys dk;ZdrkZvksa ,oa lykgdkjksa dh jk; ekurs gq, LFkkuh; fdlkuksa us bl fof/k esa oSKkfud fof/k;ksa }kjk iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys dk;ksZa tSls Hkwfe”kks/ku] cht”kks/ku] tyizcU/ku] tyok;q vk/kkfjr iztkfr;ksa vkfn dks Hkh “kkfey dj fy;k vkSj tyteko okyh Hkwfe ls /kku dk 16&18 dqUVy izfr ,dM+ mRiknu izkIr dj jgsaA

/kku dh [ksrh xksyh fof/k ls xksyh fof/k esa fdlku ebZ&twu ds ekg esa tc [ksrksa esa vU; Qly yxh gks vFkok ikuh Hkjk gksrk gS rHkh /kku dh [ksrh dh rS;kjh djuk vkjEHk dj nsrs gSA bl fof/k esa 1&2 bap dh feV~Vh dh xksyh cukrs gS ftlesa 3&5 /kku dh cht dks ysrs gSa vkSj bls xehZ dh /kwi esa lw[kus ds fy, j[k nsrs gSaA xksfy;ksa dks lw[kus ds ckn bls lgst dj twV vFkok IykfLVd dh cksfj;ksa esa Hkj dj j[kk tkrk gSA tc [ksrksa ls ikuh fudy

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

tkrk gS vkSj feV~Vh esa Hkjiwj ueh gksrh gS rHkh bu xksfy;ksa dks NhaV nsrs gSA lkekU;r;% bl fof/k dk iz;ksx dNkj ds [ksrksa esa fd;k tkrk gS tgka tyteko gksrk gSa vkSj nwljh Qlyksa dks jksikbZ djuk vlEHko gksrk gSA

tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVrs gsrq xksyh fof/k esa lfEefyr dh xbZ oSKkfud fof/k;ka ck< izHkkfor ,oa tyteko okys {ks=ksa dh Hkwfe esa [kjirokj vR;f/kd ek=k esa mRiUu gksrh gSA Qly dk ekud vuqlkj mRiknu ysus gsrq vko”;d gS fd izkjEHk esa gh [kjirokj fu;a=.k dh fof/k;ksa dks viuk fy;k tk;A [kjirokj çk;% Qly ls ueh] iks"kd rRo] lw;Z dk çdk'k rFkk LFkku ds fy;s çfrLi/kkZ djrs gSa ftlls eq[; Qly ds mRiknu esa deh vk tkrh gSA /kku dh Qly esa [kjiRkokjksa ls gksus okys uqdlku dks 15&85 çfr'kr rd vkadk x;k gSA dHkh &dHkh ;g uqdlku 100 çfr'kr rd igqap tkrk gSA iSnkokj esa deh ds lkFk &lkFk [kjirokj /kku esa yxus okys jksxksa ds thok.kqvksa ,oa dhV O;kf/k;ksa dks Hkh vkJ; nsrs gSaA dqN [kjirokj ds cht /kku ds cht ds lkFk feydj mldh xq.koÙkk dks [kjkc dj nsrs gSa A blds vfrfjä [kjirokj lh/ks cks;s x;s /kku esa 20&40 fdxzk ukbVªkstu] 5&15 fdxzk0 LQqj] 15&50 fdxzk0 iksVk'k rFkk jksikbZ okys /kku esa 4&12 fdxzk0 ukbVªkstu] 1-13 fdxzk0 LQqj] 7&14 fdxzk0 iksVk'k çfr gsDVs;j dh nj ls 'kksf"kr dj ysrs gSa rFkk /kku dh Qly dks iks"kd rRoksa ls oafpr dj nsrs gSaA [kjirokj ls] lh/ks cks;s x;s /kku esa jksikbZ fd;s x;s /kku dh rqyuk esa vf/kd uqdlku gksrk gSA blh izdkj xksyh fof/k esa xksfy;ka ,d mfpr LFkku ij iM+rh ftlls [kj&irokj ds fu;a=.k gsrq ;kaf=d fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fdlku vklkuh ls dj ysrs gSA fdlku /kku ds [ksrksa ls [kjirokjksa dks gkFk ;k [kqjih dh lgk;rk ls fudkyrs gSaA blesa ckgjh ykxr dksbZ ugha gksrh gSaA /kku dh Qly esa nks fujkbZ &xqM+kbZ] igyh cqokbZ@jksikbZ ds 20&25 fnu ckn ,oa nwljh 40&45 fnu ckn djus ls [kjirokjksa dk çHkkoh fu;U=.k fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Qly dh iSnkokj esa dkQh o`)h dh tk ldrh gSA

/kku dh iSnkokj c<+kus gsrq fd;k x;k iz;ksx oSKkfudksa }kjk ;g ekU; gS fd ukbVªkstu dks /kku dh ykbuksa ds ikl Mkyus pkfg;s rkfd bldk vf/kdka”k Hkkx Qly dks feys] ftlls Qly mRiknu Ik;kZIr gks ldsA blh lksp dks viukrs gq, xksyh fof/k esa yxHkx 25&30 xzke dh feV~Vh dh xksyh gsrq 16 rRoksa ls Hkjiwj uhe dh [kyh dks xksyh cukrs le; gh feV~Vh esa feyk fn;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj 10 fdyks feV~Vh esa 1 fdyks dsapq, dh [kkn feykrs gSA blesa 1%5 ds vuqikr esa uhedsd] 5 xzke VªkbdksMekZ izfrfdyks ds fglkc ls feV~Vh esa feykdj xksyh cukrs gS vkSj /kku ds cht dk cht”kks/ku foosfj;k ckbfl;kuk ls fd;k tkrk gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

fdlku ds vuqHko cM+gyxat ds fdlku Jh jkelqesj crkrs gS 1 ch?kk esa bl fof/k ls og yxHkx ,d gtkj :Ik;s dh cpr dj ysrs gSA muds vuqlkj lkekU; :Ik ls /kku dh ,d ch?kk [ksr ds jksikbZ gsrq 5&6 yksxksa dks vkSj lksgkbZ esa 5&7 vkneh dks yxuk iM+rk gSA ysfdu xksyh fof/k ls cks;s x;s /kku esa xksyh dks vdsys gh NhaVdj cks;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lksgkbZ djuk Hkh vklku gksrk gSA ikS/kksa ds chp Ik;kZIr nwjh gksus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh nwljs yksx Hkh vius tkuojksa dks f[kykus ds fy, ?kkl vkfn fudky nsrs gSaA

xksyh fof/k ls /kku dh [ksrh ds ykHk 1- le; ,oa LFkku izcU/ku esa ty&teko okys LFkku esa /kku dh [ksrh ds fy, igys ls rS;kjh djds] chtksa ,oa feV~Vh dks igys gh “kksf/kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj le; ,oa LFkku nksuksa dk izcU/ku fd;k tkrk gSA 2- bl fof/k esa /kku ds Qlyksa dks de ikuh dh vko”;drk gksrh gS] ftlls flapkbZ dh ykxr esa Hkh deh vkrh gSA 3- ikS/k ls ikS/k ds e/; Ik;kZIr nwjh gksus ls fujkbZ xqM+kbZ djus esa vklkuh gksrh gS ftlls de esgur esa [kj&irokj izcU/ku viuk;k tk ldrk gSaA 4- xksyh esa uhedsd ds iz;ksx ls ;g ikuh dks vpkud uhps tkus (Sudden leaching) ls jksdrk gS vkSj feV~Vh dh ty lap; {kerk esa o`f) gksrh gSA

fu"d"kZ cM+gyxat fodkl [k.M ds fofHkUUk xzke iapk;rksa esa 311 fdlku /kku dh [ksrh xksyh fof/k ls dj jgs gSaA buesa ifj;kstuk varxZr tqM+s fdlku dkQh lfØ; gSA fo'ks"kKksa dk dguk gS fd xksyh fof/k ls /kku dh cqvkbZ djus ls cht de yxrk gSA blesa vf/kdka”kr% cht esa vadqj.k gksrk gSaA vkSlru dksbZ Hkh cht Qsy ugha djrk gSA ikS/ks ,d [kkl nwjh ij gksus ds dkj.k ?kkl&ikr dks fudkyus esa lqfo/kk gksrh gSA bl dkj.k fdlkuksa dks xksyh fof/k ls /kku dh cqvkbZ Hkk jgh gSA bl dkj.k fdlku vius mit y{; dh vksj fujarj c<+ jgs gSaA bl fof/k ls fupys Lrj dh tehu esa cqvkbZ dkjxj gks jgh gS vkSj fdlkuksa dks okafNr ykHk fey jgk gSA

»æðÚU¹ÂéÚU °ÙßæØÚU‹×ð‹ÅUÜ °€àæÙ »ýéÂ ÂæðSÅU Õæ€â Ù¢0 {®, »æðÚU æÂéÚU §ü×ðÜ Ñ geagindia@gmail.com

UÖêç× ·¤è ·¤×è Ùð ÕÙæØð ÁÜ dæðÌ ÙÁ×éÜ ¿æñÏÚUè °ß¢ çÙ×üÜ ÕðÂæÚðU ckaxykns'k esa izfr oxZ fdeh0 ,d gtkj ls Hkh vf/kd yksx fuokl djrs gSa vkSj ;g ns'k nqfu;k esa leku vkdkj ds ns'kksa esa vc rd lcls cM+h tula[;k okyk ns'k gSA tehu dh deh vkSj lky&nj lky vkus okyh ck<+ us ;gka dh fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh [kjkc cuk fn;k gSA ysfdu ekSleh }hiksa ,oa rSjrs ckxhpksa us dqN [ksfrgj ifjokjksa dks ty ds lkFk Qly mxkus dk ,d u;k jkLrk iznku fd;k gS] vU;Fkk muds lkeus vius vfLrRo dks cpk ikuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh FkhA ckaxykns”k lcls xjhcre ns”kksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj ;gka ds [ksfrgj ifjokj FkksM+h cgqr miyC/k tehu dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA nqfu;k dh lcls papy 230 ufn;ksa ls mRiUu gksus okys ladV ds dkj.k ;gka ij gj lky vkus okyh ck<+ dh otg ls yk[kksa yksx izfro"kZ cqjh rjg ls izHkkfor gksrs gSaA izfro"kZ de ls de 1]00]000 efgyk] iq:"k vkSj cPps xk¡o NksM+dj tkus ij foo”k gksrs gSa vkSj mudh vkthfodk iwjh rjg ls [kRe gks tkrh gSA gky ds dqN o"kksZa esa] rhoz ck<+ vk;h gS vkjS yEcs le; rd ck<+ dh fLFkfr cuh jgus yxh gSA

tyeXu /kjrh ls mit izkIr ds fodYiksa ij fopkj djrs gq, fdlku

blfy, ;fn vf/kd tehu ugha gS rks D;ksa u ty ds lkFk thus dh dyk fodflr djsa\ blh lksp dks lkdkj djrs gq, Lo;alsoh laxBuksa n b.Vjus”kuy iSzfDVdy ,D”ku vkSj jk"Vªh; lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa }kjk fn;s x;s rduhdh vkSj foÙkh; lg;ksx ds fy, eksgEen lSQqy bLyke vkSj rkjk csxe us /kU;okn fn;kA de ykxr vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij viuk;s x;s ek/;eksa& jsrh dh [ksrh vkSj rSjrs ckxhpksa ds :i esa nks uo igyksa dks viukus esa bu laLFkkvksa us O;kid enn dhA izkjfEHkd lQyrkvksa ls ;g Li"V gqvk fd bUgsa fo”o ds vU; Hkkxksa esa foLrkfjr djus dh O;kid laHkkouk,a gSa vkSj bl vPNs lekpkj ds vknku&iznku dh vko”;drk gSA ckyw ds /kwl D;k gSa\ ckyw dk /kwl ufn;ksa esa ck<+ ds :i esa tek xkn o NkM+u ls cuh ,d c`gn~] vLFkkbZ vkSj catj Hkwfe gS tks ufn;ksa }kjk viuk jkLrk cnyus ls curk gSA tSls gh ufn;ksa esa ikuh mrjrk gS ;s ,d Vkiw ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSaA bu ij ouLifr;ka ugha feyrha] D;ksafd ;s vxys o"kkZ _rq rd gh jgrs gSa vkSj o"kkZ _rq chrus ds lkFk lekIr gks tkrs gSaA unh ds fdukjs ;k pkjHkwfe Hkh ,d vLFkkbZ ^^Hkwfe** gks ldrh gS] ftl ij dqN mitkÅ tyks<+ feV~Vh iV tkrh gSA mÙkjh ckaxykns”k esa ckyw ds /kwl uoEcj esa “kq"d ekSle ds izkjEHk gksrs gh fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSa] tks vizSy esa o"kkZ ds vkxeu ds lkFk gh /khjs&/khjs xk;c gksus yxrs gSaA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

ckyw ij [ksrh rduhd ds ek/;e ls xM~<ksa esa dn~nw mRiknu ,d mi;qDr LFky ikus ds ckn ckyw esa ,d ehVj xgjk vkSj ,d ehVj o`Rr dk xM~<k [kksnk x;k

dqN fnuksa ckn xM~<s ds feJ.k eas 4&6 chtksa dh cqokbZ dh xbZA

,d twV esa dEiksLV Hkjdj xM~<s esa Mky fn;k x;kA dqN {ks=ksa esa dk;ZØe dks LFkk;h cuk;s dh n`f"V ls Qly vo'ks"kksa ls dEiksLV cukdj iz;ksx fd;k x;kA

ckyw ds /kwl ij [ksrh o"kZ 2005 esa tc iSzfDVdy ,D”ku ckaxykns”k us jaxiqj e.My ds 177 fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke djuk izkjEHk fd;k rc bl rduhd dks bl mn~ns”; ds lkFk fodflr fd;k x;k fd ^^dqN u feyus ls dqN feyuk vPNk gSA** ;g ml ^^yqIr gks jgh tehusa** ifj;kstuk dk fgLlk Fkh] ftlus o"kZ 2007 esa ,f”k;k&iSflfQd (,ih,QbZMh) Lo.kZ iqjLdkj thrk FkkA f}rh; pj.k esa ;g ifj;kstuk bZbZih }kjk vuqnkfur Fkh vkSj cakxykns”k ljdkj ,oa ;wds ds chp ,d la;qDr igy FkhA bl ifj;kstuk dks bl izdkj izk:fir fd;k x;k fd ckaxykns”k ds yxHkx 9000 oxZ fdeh0 ifj{ks= esa mÙkjh&if”peh Hkkx eas iM+us okys ikap ftyksa esa unh dh dVku ls vius xkaoksa vkSj [ksrksa dks [kksdj cka/k ls lqj{kk gsrq cuk;s x;s cU/kkas ij jgus okys yxHkx 32000 ifjokjksa dks bldk ykHk feysA eksgEen lSQqy ml le; ek= rhu o"kZ ds Fks] tc mudk ?kj ck<+ esa rckg gks x;k vkSj mUgsa vius ifjokj ds lkFk nwljs LFkku ij tkdj jguk iM+kA vxys 10 o"kksZa esa mUgsa pkj ckj LFkku cnyuk iM+k vkSj ;g Øe rc rd pyk tc rd fd o"kZ 1992 esa ck<+ ls lqj{kk gsrq gjhiqj esa cka/k ugha cu x;kA og vc viuh iRuh vkSj nks cPpksa ds lkFk cjkcj ;gha ij jgrs gSaA “kknh ds ckn vius ekrk&firk ls vyx gksus ds i”pkr~] ,d fnu esa cgqr de etnwjh feyus ds dkj.k mUgsa vU; ftykas esa iyk;u djus ij etcwj gksuk iM+kA dbZ ckj rks dke de gksus dh n'kk esa mUgsa cgqr de etnwjh ij Hkh Je djuk iM+kA bldk lh/kk lk vFkZ gS fd muds ifjokj dks vf/kdka”k le; Hkw[kejh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA o"kZ 2006 esa] og igys fdlku Fks] ftlus ,dsvksVh,

^^volj vkSj rduhd gekjs fy, ojnku cudj vk;kA blus gesa ,d csgrj thou ns[kus vkSj u;h mEehn ds lkFk thou thus gsrq gekjh vka[ks [kksy nh gSaA** 18

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

vxys 5 ekg rd dEiksLV fiV dh lko/kkuhiwoZd fuxjkuh dh xbZA

Qly rS;kj gksus ds i'pkr~ fdlkuksa dks izR;sd xM~<s ls 10 dn~nw fey tk;sxkA

}kjk izf”k{k.k] cht vkSj [kkn izkIr fd;kA ,sdsvksVh, mu ikap Lo;alsoh laxBuksa esa ls ,d gS] tks {ks= esa 3200 ifjokjksa ds lkFk ckyw ij [ksrh rduhd dks c<+kok nsus dk dke dj jgh gSA eksgEen lSQqy us ikS/kjksi.k gsrq 50 x<~<ksa dks rS;kj djus ls viuh “kq:vkr dhA

ckyw ds x<~<ksa ls dn~nw dn~nw dh [ksrh o"kkZ _rq dh lekfIr ds lkFk gh “kq: gksrh gS vkSj ;gh og le; gksrk gS] tc unh ?kVrh gS vkSj ckyw ds /kwl fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSaA lSQqy us ,d mi;qDr LFky ns[kk vkSj bl rduhd ds lkFk dke djuk izkjEHk fd;kA mUgksaus ,d ehVj xgjk vkSj ,d ehVj pkSM+k x<~<k rS;kj dj mlesa xk; dk xkscj] feV~Vh vkSj ikuh dk feJ.k Hkj fn;kA ,d x<~<s ls nwljs x<~<s dh nwjh yxHkx 2 ehVj FkhA x<~<k [kksnus ds ckn x;kA dqN vfrizHkkfor LFkyksa ds x<~<ksa dks Hkjus ds fy, twV ds cksfj;ksa dk Hkh bLrseky fd;k x;kA feJ.k Hkj dj NksM+ nsus ds dqN fnuksa ckn mleas cht cks fn;k x;kA unh ds fudV gksus ds dkj.k “kq:vkrh eghuksa esa x<~<ksa esa gkFk ls gh ikuh Mkyk tkrk FkkA lw[kk ekSle lekIr gksus ds le;] Qyksa dks c<+us ds fy, tc ikS/kksa dks vf/kd ikuh dh vko”;drk Fkh] mUgksaus cksj x<~<ksa dh [kqnkbZ dj IykfLVd flapkbZ ikbiksa ds ek/;e ls ikuh dks iEi dj flapkbZ dhA ek= 50 x<~<ksa ls igys o"kZ esa dn~nw ls feyus okyh vk”p;Ztud Qyr vkSj mlls gksus okys ykHk ls lSQqy pfdr jg x;s FksA ckn ds _rq esa] mUgksaus vkSj mlds ifjokj us feydj 433 x<~<ksa dks rS;kj fd;kA bl ckj mUgsa 2809 dn~nw ds Qy izkIr gq,] ftudk otu vkSlru 7 fdxzk0 Fkk vkSj blds lkFk gh mUgsa cgqr lh ehBh ykSdh Hkh izkIr gqbZA leqnk; ds fy, og ,d ekMy ds :i esa lkeus vk;sA ckyw ds /kwl ij [ksrh dh lQyrk dks /kU;okn nsrs gq, vc mUgksaus tyh; Ñf"k vkSj pchZnkj ekal esa ykHk dks fuos”k fd;k gSA lSQqy dgrs gSa &^^volj vkSj rduhd gekjs fy, ojnku cudj vk;kA blus gesa ,d csgrj thou ns[kus vkSj u;h

rSjrs ckxhps rkjk csxe vkSj mudk ifjokj ekasxk (vdky) ls cgqr vf/kd izHkkfor ugha gqbZaA ,d ckj fujkfJr gksus ds ckn mUgksaus ckaxykns”k esa czEgiq= unh ij lfCt;ksa ds rSjrs ckxhps ds lkFk vius thou dks thus dh dyk lh[k yhA rkjk vius ifr vkSj iq= ds lkFk xk;cU/kk dLcs ls 15 fdeh0 nwj flaxfj;k esa ,d NksVs lh pgkjnhokjh esa jgrh gSaA rkjk vius ifjokj ds lkFk ck<+ ds dkj.k lkr ckj foLFkkfir gks pqdh gSa vkSj vc og ,d ljdkjh cka/k ij jgrh gSaA muds ikl 0-2 ,dM+ (800 oxZ eh0) cyqbZ ,oa vuqRikfnr tehu gS ftl ij ekulwu Hkj ikuh Hkjk jgrk gSA ysfdu vc] vc og dgrh gSa] ^^esjs rSjrs cxhps ls esjs thou esa cgqr cM+k ifjorZu vk;k gSA vc gesa ck<+ esa Hkh i;kZIr Hkkstu fey tkrk gS vkSj ge vius fj”rsnkjksa dh Hkh FkksM+h cgqr enn dj ldrs gSaA** 1200 ls vf/kd fdlku rSjrs ckxhps dk mi;ksx dj 250 Vu ls Hkh vf/kd lfCt;ka mxk jgs gSa] ftudk cktkj ewY; 40000 vesfjdh Mkyj ds cjkcj gSA ckaxykns”kh fof/k esa okafNr yEckbZ ds ckal ds [kEHks ij yisV dj ,d rSjrs ysfdu cgqr rsth ls QSyus okys gkfudkjd [kj&irokj tydqEHkh dks cM+h la[;k esa ,d= djuk Hkh “kkfey gSA cgqr lh tydqEHkh dks feykdj ,d mNky [kkus okyh uko cukbZ x;hA uko cukus ds ckn ckal dks gVk dj iqu% mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vUr esa bl ij Qly mxkus ds yk;d cukus gsrq mijh lrg ij feV~Vh] xk; ds xkscj ls cuh [kkn] vtksyk vkSj vU; miyC/k dkcZfud inkFkksZa ds feJ.k dks 25 lseh0 dh ekssVkbZ rd fcNkrs gSaA vPNh rjg ls cuk;s x;s vkSj u;s feJ.kksa ds fu;fer iz;ksx djrs gq, ;g csM+k o"kksZa rd mi;ksx esa vk ldrk gSA Qlyksa ds vk/kkj ij os bu csM+ksa dks /kwi vFkok Nk;s esa j[krs gSaA ckaxykns”k esa lkekU;r% bu ij fHk.Mh] cSxu] dn~nw] I;kt vkSj vU; fofHkUu iÙkhnkj lfCt;ka mxkbZ tkrh gSaA tc csM+k ;k uko VwVus ;k u"V gksus yxrh gS rc os mls rksM+ dj j[k ysrs gSa

vtksyk bl tyh; ikS/ks dk foLrkj nqfu;k Hkj esa gS vkSj ;g vdlj ,d ck/kk ;k vkØked [kj&irokj ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA gkykafd vtksyk cgqr rsth ls c<+us okyk iks"kd rRoksa ls Hkjiwj ikS/kk gS vkSj bldk bLrseky u dsoy moZjd ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gS] oju~ bls tkuojksa ds Hkkstu ds :i esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA NksVh tksr ds fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d lalk/ku ds :i esa bl ikS/ks dks fodflr djus ds fy, iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA tydqEHkh ewy :i ls nf{k.kh vesfjdk esa ik;k tkus okyk ;g ikS/kk iwjh nqfu;k esa lcls [kjkc vkØked ikS/kksa esa ls ,d ekuk x;k gSA vkSj fo”ks"kdj vQzhdk esa ;g ,d cM+h leL;k ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSA fQj Hkh ,f”k;k ds dqN fgLlksa esa i'kqpkjs ds :i esa bldh [ksrh dh tkrh gS vkSj ,d fu%”kqYd lalk/ku ds :i esa bldk mi;ksx c<+rk tk jgk gSA blds ek/;e ls rSjrs ckxhpksa dks cukuk bldk ,d vU; mi;ksx gSA

vkSj fQj mls vxys +_rq ds fy, ,d u;k ckxhpk rS;kj djus gsrq mi;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA

rSjrs ckxhps ;k lq/kkfjr Hkwfe de ls de gtkj o"kksZa iwoZ e/; vesfjdk ds Hkkxksa esa Ñf"k dk;kZsa ds fy, lq/kkfjr Hkwfe ,d lkekU; Hkwfe lajpuk FkhA dqN {ks=ksa esa bls izk;% rSjrs ckxhps ds :i esa Hkh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk FkkA eSfDldks dh fof/k }kjk fNNys >hyksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds dhpM+] ouLifr rFkk vU; xknksa dks rc rd Mkyrs Fks tc rd fd og lw[k u tk;sA dHkh&dHkh muds fdukjksa ij o`{kkjksi.k Hkh dj nsrs Fks rkfd muds fdukjs LFkkbZ jgsa vkSj >hy ds lw[kus esa enn djsaA bl izdkj ls mlesa tek xkn o`{kksa ds fy, cgqr gh le`) gksrk Fkk vkSj izfro"kZ ;g moZjk “kfDr dks c<+krk Fkk lkFk gh lkFk izfro"kZ cg tkus okyh ryh fQj ls lgh gks tkrh FkhA

rSjrs ckxhps ls Qwyksa dh rqM+kbZ

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®vz

QksVks % izSfDVdy ,D'ku] ckaXkykns'k

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ckyw ds /kwl ij [ksrh rduh ls cM+h ek=k esa mRikfnr dn~nw

mEehn ds lkFk thou thus gsrq gekjh vka[ks [kksy nha gSaA** lSQqy vkSj buds HkkbZ vkxs vkus okys o"kkZsa esa vf/kd lqnwj ckyw ds /kwl esa fofHkUu Qlyksa dh [ksrh djus vkSj mit dk foLrkj djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs gSaA iSzfDVdy ,D”ku] jk"Vªh; lg;ksfx;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds vuqHkoksa ls irk pyrk gS fd dqN vFkkZr~ lkS x<~<s ,d vR;Ur xjhc [ksfrgj ifjokj ds jgu&lgu esa Bksl vkSj mYys[kuh; lq/kkj yk ldrs gSaA ;g ,d vR;Ur lk/kkj.k vkSj U;wu ykxr rduhd gS ftlds fy, fdlh fof”k"V fuos”kksa dh vko”;drk ugha gSA ckyw ij mxk;s x;s dn~nw yksxksa ds ?kjksa esa ,d lky ls Hkh vf/kd le; rd Hk.Mkfjr fd;s x;s gSa vkSj tks xjhc fdlkuksa dks ckyw esa [ksrh dh rduhd dk mi;ksx dj x<~<ksa esa dn~nw mRiknu ls vk; esa o`f)] [kk| lqj{kk rFkk [kkyh ekSle esa Je dk izcU/ku djus esa cgqr lgk;rk djrs gSaA “kq"d “khr _rq esa bu ckyw ds /kwlksa ij [ksrh ls ,d rjQ rks ;s NksVs&NksVs e:Hkwfe ds :i esa O;kIr [kkyh vkSj ijrh Hkwfe mitkÅ gfjr {ks= esa cny tkrs gSa rks nwljh rjQ fofHkUu izdkj ds tho&tUrqvksa] if{k;ksa] vU; NksVs thoksa dks vkJ; iznku dj mUgsa lg;ksx djrk gSA mÙkjh ckaxykns”k esa] vfrfjDr lg;ksx ds lkFk] rduhd ,oa ykHk cgqr c<+k gSA 160000 ls vf/kd ifjokjksa ds yksx blls ykHkkfUor gksus dh lksprs gSa vkSj bl fopkj dk foLrkj gks jgk gSA ds;j ckaxykns”k] dUluZ oYMZokbM] Qzs.Mf”ki b.Vjus”kuy vkfn us ckyw ij [ksrh dh rduhd dks viuk;k gS] ;w0,u0Mh0ih0 us blesa :fp iznf”kZr dh gS vkSj bFkksfi;u Ñf"k ea=ky; }kjk iz{ks= Hkze.k fd;k x;kA izSfDVdy ,D”ku Follow us on:

us 10 ftyksa esa 13 Lo;alsoh laxBuksa ds dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dks izf”kf{kr fd;k lkFk gh xkao Lrj ij fdlku ls fdlku dk izf”k{k.k Hkh fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij Vsyhfotu ,oa jsfM;ks izlkj.kksa ds ek/;e ls ehfM;k esa mYys[kuh; LFkku nsdj bl rduhd dks izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA o"kZ 2005 esa] 15000 ls vf/kd yksxksa vkSj muds ifjokj] ftuesa ls vf/kdka”k foLFkkfir ,oa Hkwfeghu ,oa muesa ls Hkh vf/kdka”k efgykvksa us ckyw ij [ksrh dh rduhd dks viuk;k ,oa 55000 Vu ls vf/kd dn~nw dk mRiknu fd;k] ftldk ewY; 5 yk[k vesfjdh Mkyj ls Hkh vf/kd gqvkA ;s vuqHko Li"V :i ls n”kkZrs gSa fd fo”ks"kdj ck<+ tSlh izkÑfrd vkink ls fuiVus vkSj viuh NksVh lh tksr ls o"kZ Hkj dk Hkkstu ikus esa fdl izdkj ;s uo igy [ksfrgj ifjokjksa ds fy, lgk;d fl) gks ldrs gSaA bldk mÙkj ;gh gS fd gkykafd ;s vLFkkbZ gh lgh] ij fdlh Hkh Hkwfe dk lgh mi;ksx dj mijksDr dks lQy cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh unh ;k >hy dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS c”krsZ fd ty ij u;h tehu cukus gsrq LFkkuh; lalk/ku ekStwn gksaA ÙÁ×éÜ ¿æñÏÚUè °ß¢ çÙ×üÜ ÕðÂæÚðU Âñýç€ÅU·¤Ü °€àæÙ ×·¤æÙ vw/ Õè, âÇU¸·¤-y, ÏæÙ×‡ÇUè ÉUæ·¤æ-vw®z, Õæ¢»ÜæÎðàæ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ nazmul@practicalaction.org.bd, nirmal.chandra@practicalaction.org.bd

Family farmers and sustainable landscape LEISA INDIA, Vol. 16, No.3, Sept 2014

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