The first semester Master of Architecture (Design + Research) studio project
Introduction
This study focuses on the quality of natural lighting within educational spaces. Because they are disproportionate to the space function, the lighting is either low or much higher than the space requirement, after studying and evaluating the current situation, we will study one of the most important factors affecting improving the quality of natural lighting is the shading and reflection systems, then, several proposals were made to design different windows and shading systems and simulate their impact on the quality of the intensity of natural lighting in the classroom. Based on the simulation results, different proposals and their different effects were compared for each interface.
Potential of facade integrated shading and light reflection devices to improve visual comfort in classrooms considering daylight availability and visual connection
7. Design alternatives of shading devices
1. Research objective Design alternatives of window openings and shading systems to reduce direct sunlight while maintaining visual connection
These alternatives are designed for shading and reflection systems based on the type of windows proposed and the classroom orientation
Type 3
1.1 East Facade
1.2 West Facade
2.1 East Facade
2.2 West Facade
3.1 East Facade
3.2 West Facade
B1.1
B1.2
B2.1
B2.2
B3.1
B3.2
C1.1
C1.2
C2.1
C2.2
C3.1
C3.2
2. Research Method The methodology used for the work steps, from selecting the research sample to the final recommendations
Type 2
Type 1
Type B
Study Cases Case One - east
Case Two - west Measurements Matching with simulation software
Type C
Proposals for window openings Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Simulation during different times and different dates Time
Date Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
8 AM
12 PM
3 PM
Simulation results
8. Details of design proposals
Choose the type of window to work on Choose cases that need shading devices
Type 1
Type 3
SHADING DEVICES proposals
Type 2
Type 4
SIMULATE the effect of shading devicess on selected cases EVALUATE the performance of shading systems through their impact on:
Reduce direct sunlight
These details have been studied on all previous design alternatives, and you will review here the first type as an example for a sample.
Selecting worst-case states of simulation results for window design alternatives. And try to improve it by designing shading and reflection systems Summer Solstice
Visual Communication
Curved ends for increased light diffusion
Type B
East Facade
RECOMMENDATIONS: Advantages and disadvantages of the design proposal
Double glasing Transmittance %70
Type C
8 AM
Aluminum, highly polished
3. Selected study cases
Type B1.1 East Facade
Case one Location: Building 535 King Abdulaziz University. Measurement date: 2019/10/9 Measurement times: 8 am - 1 pm - 3 pm. Facade: West Facade
Aluminum, matt
Case two Location: Building 535 King Abdulaziz University. Date of measurement: 2019/10/14 Measurement times: 8 am - 1 pm - 3 pm. Facade: East Facade
Summer Solstice
from it in different times
Aluminum, matt
Double glasing Transmittance %55 Winter Solstice
4. Measurement of study cases 95
110
90
80
75
70
65
50
40
450
400
250
200
150
150
100
90
80
370
640
3080
540
360
205
180
160
140
265
160
120
95
90
80
75
70
60
850
450
300
250
200
150
100
90
90
4.350
3940
770
650
350
200
200
190
180
220
150
130
105
100
80
70
70
60
700
450
300
250
200
200
150
100
90
850
1050
1.740
370
220
200
180
180
200
270
160
150
100
95
75
70
65
65
850
500
350
300
200
200
100
100
90
5.850
4.650
870
690
320
220
200
180
190
190
120
130
115
105
80
65
65
60
800
600
300
250
200
150
100
90
90
640
960
1520
550
430
205
160
160
180
250
180
140
120
110
90
70
60
55
900
500
250
200
150
100
90
90
80
6.000
4.560
1.150
460
380
190
140
120
140
135
100
90
85
75
70
60
45
40
400
300
200
150
150
100
90
90
80
460
480
430
320
180
140
130
120
160
2019/10/9 3 p.m. West Elevation
2019/10/9
1 p.m.
West Elevation
95
110
90
80
75
70
65
50
40
450
400
250
200
150
150
100
90
80
370
640
3080
540
360
205
180
160
140
265
160
120
95
90
80
75
70
60
850
450
300
250
200
150
100
90
90
4.350
3940
770
650
350
200
200
190
180
220
150
130
105
100
80
70
70
60
700
450
300
250
200
200
150
100
90
850
1050
1.740
370
220
200
180
180
200
270
160
150
100
95
75
70
65
65
850
500
350
300
200
200
100
100
90
5.850
4.650
870
690
320
220
200
180
190
190
120
130
115
105
80
65
65
60
800
600
300
250
200
150
100
90
90
640
960
1520
550
430
205
160
160
180
250
180
140
120
110
90
70
60
55
900
500
250
200
150
100
90
90
80
6.000
4.560
1.150
460
380
190
140
120
140
135
100
90
85
75
70
60
45
40
400
300
200
150
150
100
90
90
80
460
480
430
320
180
140
130
120
160
%4.8 more than 500Lux %20.6 between 500-300Lux 74.6 less than 300Lux
%0 more than 500Lux %0 between 500-300Lux %100 less than 300Lux
%33.3 more than 500Lux %20.6 between 500-300Lux %46.1 less than 300Lux
5. Design alternatives of window openings Type C
Type B
2.1 East Facade
2.2 West Facade
3.1 East Facade
3.2 West Facade
B1.1
B1.2
B2.1
B2.2
B3.1
B3.2
C1.1
C1.2
C2.1
C2.2
C3.1
C3.2
Simulation results compared to design alternatives for shading and reflection systems. By studying the lighting level at the window to the depth of the space
Type D
21 JUNE 8 - 2019 AM EAST FACADE
Illuminance level (Lux)
Type A
Lux 6000 4000 2000 1000 800 600 400 200 100 50 0
1.2 West Facade
TYPE
Sample simulation results and study of the effect of alternatives to window design on lighting in the classroom.
TYPE
TYPE
22 December 2019 - East Facade
C3.1
8 AM
12 PM
21 JUNE 3 - 2019 PM WEST FACADE
1600
1600
1400
1400
1400
1400
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
1200 1000 800 600 400 200
Distance from window (m)
290
310
360
420
450
480
515
645
1.050
%33
210
245
370
390
440
510
645
940
1.520
%33
90
110
125
240
340
380
445
565
825
C1.1
Types
21 JUNE 8 - 2019 AM EAST FACADE
1600
C1.1 %55
C2.1
The maximum acceptable illumination in classrooms
1600
Distance from window (m)
6. Simulation of design alternatives
the acceptable illumination standard in classrooms
21 JUNE 3 - 2019 PM WEST FACADE
Illuminance level (Lux)
2019/10/9 8 a.m. West Elevation
1.1 East Facade
C2.1
TYPE
TYPE
C2.2
TYPE
C3.2
565
540
495
460
345
310
250
190
%44
1360
930
720
485
390
365
320
240
215
%33
1250
850
560
460
430
340
230
190
140
C3.1
C1.2
0
1200 1000
Distance from window (m)
720
C1.2 %55
Illuminance level (Lux)
Classroom Plan
Illuminance level (Lux)
Classroom Interior Elevation
9. Compare and analyze simulation results
C2.2
TYPE
B1.1 %55 TYPE
B2.1
TYPE
B3.1
600 400 200 0
Distance from window (m)
120
210
215
245
320
360
435
480
495
%33
190
210
215
230
360
380
470
585
620
%33
175
190
235
305
380
490
655
950
1.350
B1.1
C3.2
800
B2.1
TYPE
B1.2 %66 TYPE
B2.2
TYPE
B3.2
550
475
440
360
320
305
310
205
180
%33
740
590
420
340
310
280
230
115
120
%33
490
435
350
215
130
95
90
80
80
B3.1
B1.2
B2.2
B3.2
3 PM
10. Recommendations Advantages and disadvantages of design alternatives of shading and reflection systems: TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 3
%57.75
%35.75
%33.33
Average ratio acceptable illumination level in the space
Average ratio acceptable illumination level in the space
Average ratio acceptable illumination level in the space
1
This type of shading and reflection systems helps reduce direct sunlight, and clearly reduces high levels of illumination in all previous cases, especially in type B 1.1 and 1.2.
In general, this type of shading and reflection systems helps reduce direct sunlight, but the amount of lighting limitation is more effective in window type B than window C
This type of shading and reflection system reduces the level of illumination in the area sufficiently in Type B 3.2, but not sufficiently in other cases such as C3.1 and C3.2.
Reflection systems in this type help to enter daylighting well to reach the depth of space, especially in the type S 1.1 and 1.2.
The reflection systems in this proposal help bring lighting to the depth of space, but not enough in all cases.
This type of shading and reflection systems gives the flexibility to fold and move the shading elements, so that they can be better utilized and to increase the visual connection between inside and outside at times.
This design proposal is better in the summer period than in the winter period in terms of reducing direct sunlight.
Illumination levels decrease significantly and not well in the depth of the area, so it is less than the acceptable level in this proposal.
This design is equally effective in the summer and winter periods and is flexible to suit different times.
The Department of Architecture (KAUARCH) Faculty of Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz University
Average ratio acceptable illumination level in the space (from window to depth of space) With design alternatives of shading and reflection devices
This design proposal allows good visual connection between the interior and exterior.
Siraj Mahmoud Mandourah Supervisor: Dr-Ing. Mohannad Bayoumi
This design proposal is better in the summer period than in the winter period in terms of reducing direct sunlight.