Building Technology BLD 61402
Construction Solutions Project II
Name: Wong Lieng Kam Student ID: 0323566 Tu t o r : A r. E d w i n
Content Introduction
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Precedent Studies Roof System: Saw-tooth Roof Faรงade System: Perforated Brick Faรงade System: Timber Louver Structural System: Steel Framing System Structural System: Reinforced Concrete Slab
02 03 04 05
Faรงade Design Scheme 1 Perforated Brick
06 - 07
Faรงade Design Scheme 2 Timber Louver
08 - 09
Sectional Perspective 1 Ground Floor Level
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Sectional Perspective 2 To p F l o o r L e v e l
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Reference
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01
Introduction Jalan Stesen 1
South Klang
The Project Studio V will concentrate on designing a Learning Centre within an urban infill site in South Klang. The design of the building is to consist of appropriate architectural responses that address the aspects of the urban street context and user behavioural patterns as discerned and analysed in the Preliminary Studies. Apart from developing a narrative on architectural strategy in response to the relevant questions pertaining to community and its context, the design should take into consideration a holistic application of structural, spatial, functional and environmental requirements to address the user needs for a Learning Centre. The design development of this project will include an introduction to the legislative restrictions that impact an architectural scheme, the integration of lighting and acoustic design, as well as the design exploration and detailing of the faรงade and building envelopes that is coherent with the architectural language of the overall design project.
The Intention In a small passage, in the city centre. The neighbours protected themselves from the exterior with thick walls and balconies. The intention is to work with lightweight elements, designing the faรงade as a succession of layers, which protects us from noise and inquisitive eyes, acts as a filter between inside and outside, and gives the building an urban image.
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Saw-tooth Roof Roof System
Desa House
Joint Detail
Tr u s s D e t a i l Strap
C Channel Purlin
Purlins Studio Bikin
Principal Rafter
Architects
Ta m a D e s a , K u a l a Lumpur
Bolts to secure connection between modules
Post
Location
2016 P r o j e c t Ye a r
Bolt
Residential
Beam
Types
Strut
Sill
Rafter
Roof System bolted to I-Beam
Material Used & Response: Windows which uses low-e glass or window film helps to reduce radiant heat admitted via sawtooth roofs Corrugated Metal sheet insulated roofs with reflective finishes
Wind Ventilation Sun Penetration
SECTION ACROSS MAIN LIVING ROOM OF DESA HOUSE
Design Relevance: The sawtooth roof, with its glass panels facing away from the equator, blocks the light and heat of direct sun exposure and provides uniform, natural light over a large area crucial for learning center design
Installation Method: The perforated Saw-tooth truss has a basic shape of a triangle. Each roof truss is either supported by a beam which are supported by columns or by the columns itself. The cladding is installed by bolting corrugated zinc onto the C channels that act as purlins.
Advantages
Disadvantages
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- Water damage without sufďŹ cient usage of gutters - Can become hot if not designed correctly - Initial cost can be high as it is made from mostly metal construction
Allows the natural lighting to enter interiors Wind ventilation can be utilised Reduce direct glare Reduces energy costs
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Façade System Perforated Brick
Poroscape
Partial Section Detail
Facade Detail
Yo u n g C h u n g
Steel plate
Architects
Seoul, Korea
Glass window with overlaid brick façade of small openings
Tempered glass
Location
2011
L-plate
P r o j e c t Ye a r
Plate moulding
-
Types
Glass window with overlaid brick façade of a large opening
Materials Used & Response Steel plate Concrete
Tempered glass
Perforated brick Small opening angled
No opening angled
Large opening slightly angled
Gradual opening straight
Continuity of brick façade overlay over two floor
PARTIAL ENLARGE ELEVATION
Column structure No opening random
Design Relevance: Façade composed of brick and birch which develops the entire building structure. Its structure conceals and reveals parts of the interior and exterior concrete frame. The brick system is implemented as it is inspired by the retail store brand’s culture heritage and the immediate context. Brick are stacked according to various methods The perforated brick facade wraps around the inner structure to provide privacy whilst still allowing controlled fenestration and ventilation inside the building. It forms an eye-catching symbol that is appropriate to the significance of Insadong Road as a major retail district in the capital city.
Large opening consistent
Window opening consistent
Perforated brick
Tempered glass
No opening slight straight
INTERIOR
PARTIAL ENLARGE PLAN
EXTERIOR
Installation Method: The perforated brick facade is based on the traditional single Flemish bond, with the header components removed to form the perforation. It bonded by steel plates which are then connected to the main concrete structure of the building via square steel pipes.
Advantages
Disadvantages
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- May not provide sufficient protection against rain - Height limitation as masonry walls do not hold well above a certain height, unless supported by additional structural system, which will increase the cost
Ease of construction and maintenance Durable, and will “age” beautifully Provide good ventilation & controlled fenestration Savings on finishing costs as the brick walls can be left in its raw form
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Façade System Foldable Louver
Luxury Apartment
Facade Detail
Materials Used & Response Endcap Cast aluminium member
Josep Lluis Mateo Architects
M6 screw
Barcelona, Spain
M5 S.S. screw
Location
Support frame (50 x 75 x 5mm thickness. G.M.S. RHS)
Timber panel
2013 Project Year
Residential Types
Timber panel Pulley Steel Cable
Support frame LENGTHWAY SECTION
Timber panel Cast aluminium member
Sun filtered by metal slatted folding shutters Fixed aluminium chassis Stone tiling
Support frame TRANSVERSE SECTION
Design Relevance: Malaysia has a hot and humid climate where the sun shines directly onto the façade itself and the proposal of this kinetic façade allows controlling amount of sunlight penetrates into the interior, at the same time, allow ventilation flows through. Indoor lighting depending on user’s favours as well as allowing flexible functionality and creates dynamic changes onto the exterior façade to allow visual interest to the user. In a small passage, in the city centre. The neighbours protected themselves from the exterior with thick walls and balconies. Working with lightweight elements, designing the façade as a succession of layers: one interior, of glass and stainless steel, and another exterior, close to it, of wood that opens and closes at will. It protects us from noise and inquisitive eyes, acts as a filter between inside and outside, and gives the building an urban image.
Galvanised steel housing for motor Horizontal hinge Sliding aluminium chassis
Square tube section 45 x 45mm
Insulation
Sefton roller guide inside U section tube
Reinforced concrete slab
Installation Method: The main façade is defined by two planes. One, flush with the facades of the adjacent buildings, comprises stainless steel and glass to ensure optimum lighting for the apartments on the upper floors. The wooden brise-soleil nearest to the street, like a veil forming a filter between the pavement and the interiors. This structure is separated 450mm from the façade and is made up of four different mechanisms, turning the façade into a dynamic element that reinvents the Majorcan-style louvered shutters that protect the windows of their neighbours.
Advantages
Disadvantages
- Permeability of façade allow natural ventilation and natural lighting penetrates into the interior - Adjustable wooden planes the amount of light according to user’s needs & activities conducted - Energy efficiency and thermal comfort
- Expensive building cost material - High maintenance cost
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Structural System Steel Framing System & Precast Concrete Slab
Modern Forest City
Column & Beam Connection Detail
Architects
Steel plates bracket, or tee connect web of beam to side of column. Beam assembly is bolted to the column in the field.
Steel column
Xiantao, China
Nut
Location
Steel plates bracket
-
Bolt Steel beam
IBS System Used
Residential Types
Design Relevance:
Slab & Beam Connection Detail
This IBS is commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns / beams and steel framing systems, and is used extensively in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers. Apart from that, it is extensively used for light steel trusses consisting of cost-effective profiled, cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.
Floor treatment
Screed (sand & cement) Reinforcement bar Hollow core slab Mortar Section callout 1:25 Floor system
IBS Score Factor Component
IBS Factor
Analysis
Wall: In-situ Concrete with reusable system formwork
0.5
Partial IBS Factors
Structural System: Steel Column and Beam
0.9
Full IBS Factor
*0.1 - 0.5 as Par,al IBS Factors 0.6 - 1.0 as Full IBS Factors
Installation Method: First, clean the site for bringing the steel structure. Next, Erection of Steel Column and Steel Beams Then, Connect the steel structure by bolt, welds, pins and rivets. And, Installation precast wall and floor to beams. Lastly, Fastening the connection
Advantages
Disadvantages
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- Thermal conductivity - Reduced flexibility on site as the measurements of steel need to be precisely calculated in advance, because a steel prefabricated
Strength & durability Fire resistance Pest & insect resistant Moisture & weather resistance
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Facade Design Scheme 1 Perforated Brick
Open Plaza
Front Elevation Scale 1:100
Research Library Main Staircase
Public Space
Fire Staircase
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Facade Design Scheme 1 Perforated Brick
Services
Rear Elevation Scale 1:100
Public Space
Fire Staircase
Open Plaza
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Facade Design Scheme 2 Tim ber Louver
Open Plaza
Front Elevation Scale 1:100
Research Library Main Staircase
Public Space
Fire Staircase
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Facade Design Scheme 2 Tim ber Louver
Services
Rear Elevation Scale 1:100
Public Space
Fire Staircase
Open Plaza
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Sectional Perspective 1 Ground Level
Detail 1 Foundation to Column Connection 200 mm Thickness Ground Slab
200 x 200mm H Column
25mm Diameter Anchor Bolts
200 x 200 mm Concrete Ground Beam
300 x 300 mm Concrete Column Stump
Detail 2 Balcony Connection Detail
Firs Flo t o Rea r d Spa ing ce
Detail 4
Cantilevered beam
Balcony Connector
Detail 3 Floor System
Detail 4 Facade System
Detail 3
Detail 2
Gro und Flo o Pub r li Spa c ce
Detail 5
Detail 1
Detail 5 Beam to Column Connection Detail Acotec Internal Wall Panel Beam
Floor Treatment Screed
Precast External Wall Panel Insulation Elastic Putty
Reinforcement Bar
Shear Connection
Hollow Core Slab
End Plate
Mortar
20mm Bolt
Steel Plates Bracket
Beam
Column
Column
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Sectional Perspective 2 To p F l o o r L e v e l
Detail 6 Roof System
Detail 7 Roof & Beam Connection
Metal Deck
Detail 9 Floor Slab & Beam Connection
Metal Flashing
Hollow core slab
Screed
Glazing Lightings Stepped Cap Flashing Gutter Lining
Ceiling
Mineral wool packing
Acoustic sealant
Flashing Gutter Box Downpipe
Steel structures wrapped with wire mesh and reinforcing steel to encase with concrete mix
H column One layer of gypsum-based board Deflection head
1 layer of 15mm gypsum board or other fire stopping material between primary steel beam and light steel channel
Detail 8 Facade & Wall Connection Endcap Cast aluminium member M6 screw M5 S.S. screw Support frame (50 x 75 x 5mm thickness. G.M.S. RHS)
Timber panel
Detail 6 Thi r Flo d o Com r mun Inte ract ity Spa ive ce
Detail 7
Detail 8 Timber panel
Support frame
LENGTHWAY SECTION
Sec ond Flo o Coo r k Stu ing dio
Detail 9
References EVOLUTIONARY OPTIMIZATION OF SAWTOOTH ROOF. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aavard.com/evolutionary-optimization-of-sawtooth-roof/ ROOF DESIGN . (n.d.). Retrieved from https://charisyear2.weebly.com/project-4-title-learn-making-knowledge-mini-school-tectonic-environmental-approach/roof-design Poroscape / Younghanchung Architects https://www.archdaily.com/263967/poroscape-younghanchung-architects Ayeneh Office Gives Tehran Apartments a Textured Facade Luke Tebbutt - https://www.dezeen.com/2015/10/18/ayeneh-office-tehran-apartments-granite-timber-facade-architecture-iran/ Steel Frame Structures | Steel Framing | Steel Structures http://www.understandconstruction.com/steel-frame-structures.html
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