Visual Literacy and Intelligence

Visual Grammar Literacy and Intelligence

YA LI CHEN K1402999

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

WEEK 1 Triangle is my given shape.

I was a bit confused about the brief and the purpose of doing it at the begining of the project. However my first result was triangle food. I processed red pepper, broccoli, bacon, noodle, banna, ham and cheese. At that time I was very uncertain what exactly I w a s d o i n g . We w e r e asked to create shape but without any meaning and explanation through the shape. Even I had spent time read the module guide but clearly I was struggling. Now I thinking it was a bit waste of time not asking the tutor directly when I had questions.

After the very first tutorial, we had a chance to look at others work and disscuss with tutor. By that time I could understand the brief more it just cost me a week to understand.

We were told to try as many experiments as possible in order to come up with some interesting combinations; use the m ater ials which is unfamiliar way; tried to combine with different surfaces. The point is to make things to make things. At that time I was not so sure about the suggestions but now I can fully understand.

PLAY WITH MY FOOD

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

WEEK 2&3

RAISE T H E AMOUNT OF THE W O R K

It was a starting point to warming up with texture, the idea of soft and hard demonstrated by rough sketching. While I was doing it, I was fascinated by the idea how the simple lines and shadows can manipulate the way the images look.

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I used a scrub to create the black part of triangles to make those irregular texture, and the colored part was created by pressing sponges with great among of water.

I had great interests in printing and textures so as the result there were many experiment about them. I utilized the tools I found in my accommodation.

Sponges, plastic bag, straws. I can still remember clearly during that period of time all I think about was what and how to create triangles. The most important things I have learn through this process is to try no matter what. Even though the starting point could be very simple and very ordinary. Every tiny discover has it's own value for my learning process.

This work was inspired by the previous one. I dropped color with water and blew it. Let the air to create those nonstraight lines.

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

I cut out some random triangles and sticked a piece of yellow plastic bag. And put three linier images on the back. As I was flipping the pages it cropped more triangles within same areas but clearly the transparency didn't make any difference.

I like the idea of cropping manually, the case here it created some random pattern I wouldn't think of usually.

PATTERN

3 FREE HAND IMAGES

RANDOM PATTERNS AFTER CROPPING

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

ONION BAG PRESSED OVER ACRYLIC WITH GEL

BUBBLE BAG PRESSED OVER ACRYLIC WITH GEL

PLASTIC BAG PRESSED OVER ACRYLIC WITH GEL

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SCRUB PRESSED OVER ACRYLIC WITH GEL

TEXTURE Adding gel with acrylic allowed it to create more texture and volume. I pressed over some random items to see the uneven result.

There were onion bag, bubble bag, plastic bag and scrub, they all kind of had this leather liked result, oddly the plastic bag creates the clearest texture and the scrub one made this stone liked texture. Since I just wanted to focus on the variety of the textures, so I only used black to demonstrate. But I should also try some differentiation between hue, tone and saturation. Maybe there could be more to explore.

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

COFFEE GROUNDS WITHIN ACRYLIC WITH GESSO

SEEDS AND EARTH WITHIN ACRYLIC WITH GESSO

TEXTURE LEAVES WITHIN ACRYLIC WITH GESSO

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LEAVES, BLACK PEPPER, AND HERBS WITHIN ACRYLIC WITH GEL

Unlike the previous texture work this one I added gesso instead, and added different materials. The first one with the coffee grounds created this cold and modern liked surface, I only tried a bit of color difference, but different tone of grey did demonstrate the low key urban liked look, I would like to develope them further more. Then I collected some element from the nature like seeds, earth and leaves. But later on this try shouldn't be introduced as in nature texture because that would be thought of giving the work meaning, so it against what I had been told to do. But at lease I discovered several materials that could be utilized in texture making.

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

FAILED ATTEMPT Here are more examples of cropping pattern but I didn't really like these experiment, first they couldn't lead me to anywhere and the one with collage actually not even fit with the brief since there shouldn't be any words or meaning within.

They weren't very successful try.

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I used acrylic and crayon respectively to create the images down here.

But these patterns I had created were fail attempts since the pattens and color combinations were inspired by the trees and the different time of the sky. When it comes to colors it has to be really careful since we usually give colors meaning so when it comes to color it could easily have some meanings.

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

WEEK 4 After the second feedback, I was given suggestions like get rid of the sketch book; think 3D; explore the same materials with different ways and document the work. We might discover something more while we photograph or video the process. And tutor this time reminded us that we better make sure that we did explore most of the field that were required from the module guide. So I had to push myself out of my comfort zone and try more I was not familiar with. So I went to the art shop several times to get some bigger scale paper and find some potential materials.

DESTRUCTURE THE WORK I cropped some more random triangles on the black cardboard and used a big brush to run through the paper and then cut them down and rearranged those triangles. Each triangles has its own pattern and they could be arranged into different combination easily.

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

This project I played with the color paper, after the triangles were cut out I tried different way to arranged and tried out as many combination as possible and had my friend helped out with the process. I was very surprised the result by flipping the paper and taking sequence

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photos. It had gradient and some light effects. With the movement there seems to be more possibilities waiting to be explore.

MOVEMENT

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

COLOR BLEND The following development was to connect those color paper with thread and then filming the whole process. And observed the depth and movement.

Here are several screen shots of the footages. The black and white version is to show the depth. I was very exciting to see some of the shots actually blend in several colors. Eventhough this attemp was to discover and observe the depth and movement. 3D object creates some 2D effect. Photographing and filming are really helping expanding the possibilities of the work.

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

I simply arranged those left over triangles and made them into short stop motion video. I don't usually work with the film editing software, but it was a good shot to try to work with something not really familiar with and learn from this opportunity.

Of course I'd need to practice more and use more learning resource.

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BUILD SHADOWS

I also wanted to do somehting with the lights and to see if there would be more interesting effect. I used black cardboard, gold, silver mirror card and red transparency card here. In order to see some shadow and let the light run through, I cut out several areas and made them stand up and build a triangle space. After it was set up then I tried to shine some light through different directions and angles. By taking pictures from different perspective I could observe more details.

There were not just different shapes of the shadow, but also some reflection on the cards. Since the cardboard on the bottom was black so the it was interesting to see the differences of shadow and reflection on it. The combination here are pretty modern and abstract. There were five different type of paper but put together they seems not making too much of conflict.

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

This was just an experiment that try with several different medias, water soluble pastel, charcoal and acrylic with gesso. The color part was very light and bright but the back ground was dark black. I can feel the different weight of the foreground and back ground.

WEIGHT I wanted to create a mixture surface. So I just utilized the coffee grounds and made the rough texture and sticked cardboard over it. And used threads to run through this uneven surface. Actually it was really pretty interesting when the thread ran over the different heights. There would be some shadows when the lights ran though them.

UNEVEN SURFACE This was a attemp simply to create 3D space in a 2D mean. This was a painting of acrylic on a gray A2 cardboard. This supposed to be one of the experiment of depth, but I didn't develope more around this. I haven't discovered the value of this one.

DEPTH 13

STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

After our first critique, we still had one more week to explore more on shape experiment so I had decided to kept on working some ideas in my head.

I wanted to design this triangle kaleidoscope and let the reflection to create different combination.

KALEIDOSCOPE

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

Triangles couldn't roll itself, but circles can so I used this cardboard cylinder and stitched black thread randomly to create the depth. Then I filmed it rolling over to capture the moving images. The blur thread images also showed some transparent triangles.

ROLLING TRIANGLES

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

This was an expand of the previous experiment but with mathmatical order.

Stitching triangles within the paper cylinder allows me to created 3D work easily and it has mobility and flexibility.

I took pictures from different angles, I really enjoy to see the repetition and the different density of the lines. Also by giving pressure to the paper it actually alter the triangles, make the contrast of looseness and tightness.

THREAD AND PAPER

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STAGE 1 VISUAL GRAMMAR

SEE THROURH TRIANGLES Since there were some aspect I didn't explore and transparency was one of them so I had made a transparency book.

13 triangles graphics were drawn over the tracing paper. By flipping the pages more images were made.

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STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

LONDON TRI P After the first critique we had a trip to London. We were about to get into the second stage of this module- exploring the visual literacy. We had to see the world around us and observed the shape within our everyday life. We walked along the Thames River a nd docum ented what we considered useful and interesting.

It was a meaningful journey. Taking pictures is the easiest thing nowadays.

Anyone can take pictures at anytime, it makes the action and the result not so special but within the purpose to take the pictures, I had the chance to see and observe the surroundings differently.

PROTECT DIRECTION SUPPORT STRONG

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STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

Borough market was one of the destinations, traditional markets live in people's everyday routine. It's a good place to observe culture. This is the place to have nice and fresh food, it was a new perspective to observe shape. Triangles exist in many architecture structures, but there are not so many within nature food, however there were many triangles within the display, snack, chocolate, cheese, home made jam and cake.

BOROUGH MARKET

SUPPORT STEADY

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STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

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EXPLORE MEANING

The first step of this stage was to brainstorming a wide range of ideas and then investigate potential contexts, meaning, and values which related to triangle. There were a wide range of catagories to explore such as social, culture, history, mathematics, and language etc. During the investigation, I kept asking myself questions and then gave myself some assumptions or possible explainations. I also interviewed some people and talked about my shape with them. I even search images online by keying translated 12 different languages of the word triangle.

LANGUAGE ART

I started with pictograph and art which both related to shape and culture. In the begining of the human history, nature was the biggest inspiration trigger. We could easily spot the triangle shape in the nature scenery such as mountains, trees, birds they are basically universal. And there is this tribe art from India called Warli they used triangle to represent the human body and consider the arrange of the triangle is the perfect balance of the universe. Fast forward to the modern art there are Cubism, Futurism, and Suprematism. They focus on the line, light, shadow and color study instead of the meaning for the shape itself.

Chinese Pictograph Fig.1.

Native American Pictograph Fig.2.

Egyptian Hieroglyphic Fig.3.

Warli Painting India Tribe art Fig.4.

Warli Painting India Tribe art Fig.5

Egyptian Hieroglyphic Fig.6.

The Knife Ginder

by Kazimir Malevich, 1912-1913 Fig.7.

Air Man Space

by Lyubov Popova, 1912 Fig.8.

Blue Triangle

by Eduard Steinberg Fig.9.

STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

ARCHITECTURE After the London trip I was curious about the relationship between triangle and architecture. Clearly there are more examples shows that triangle is a common structure in the house building. It appears in the roof top, rib vault, window,and building itself. With the feature of functionality, aestheticity and flexibility, triangle seems to be a popular choice. It's really enjoyable to see the complicity and the light effect created by the triangle structure. However, beside support and steady, I didn't spotted any interesting meaning behind it but I did want to get to know more about the Gothic architecure style a bit more. So I studied a bit further more in the later stage of studying.

Architecture Tokyo Japan Fig10.

Karolinska Institutet auditorium

The Louvre

Healthcare Center for Cancer Patients

St. Henry's Ecumenical Art Chapel

Fig11.

Fig14.

Fig12.

Denver International Airport Fig13.

Eiffel Tower Fig16.

Fig15.

British Museum Fig17.

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STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

SENSE OF WARNING

HIERACHY I looked into the social part, and discovered that triangle is a command graph that is used to demonstrate hierarchy.

The shape of triangle can easily demonstrate different level and the portion of the party. But I wasn't inspired by this investigation, I didn't have any interesting of going further with this direction.

However, I provided myself a opportunity to understand a bit more about the feature of the triangle.

The warning sign was the first thing I came up with when I was developing different idea. We constantly see triangle sign on the road when there is something need to be aware of on the traffic. It is almost universal.

There are some study shows that among all the other geometrical shape, triangle is the easiest one to be noticed by human. But I wondered why is that?

Fig.21.

Fig.22.

TOP/MINORITY/HIGH Fig.23.

BOTTOM/MAJORITY/LOW/BASIC

Fig18.

Fig19.

Fig20.

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WAR STRENGTH DEFENCE TENSION

Fig.24.

So when I kept on searching, there was this triangle shape like book designed for Chinese Art of the War. So it hit me that back in the world with war constantly happened, there were many triangle elements that can explain my question. There were some keywords that I listed which related to the war such as defence, protection, danger, tension and strength. And in the second critique tutor pointed out the tension might be an interesting point to get into which I did follow the suggestion and make it as my starting point of developing the final stage.

STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

SUNRAY& OCCULT

MYSTERIOUS &ALCHEMICAL

COMPOSITION

ARCHITECTURE STYLES

Sunray is a nature phenomena that form the triangle liked lights, some people also describe those are silver lining. They both represent hope and faith.

However, triangle also appear within the occult, even be seen as the symbol of the darkness.

I put them to see the contrast. I thought there might be some irony of it, but tutor reminded me that people give the meaning to the shape without the social context shape would just be shape.

There are many mysterious areas in different part of the world where accidents and inexplicable disappearing cases take place.

And some of them are in the triangle area such as Bermuda Triangle, Dragons Triangle, Bennington Triangle. Why are those happen in tiangle?

But there are not so many information about this subject so for the time sake I didn't look into this case.

This is another example showing that triangle is the shape of stable and steady. For the artists, triangle composition can balance and strengthen the structure for the picture and it can also direct the audiences to see the painting. In the photography there is this "Golden triangles" rule, to stablize the images to make better photos.

Here is a light investigation about Gothic and Romanesque architecture styles. Gothic style has really outstanding features like pointed arch, rib vault and incredible decorative details.

Eventhough there are some interesting differences between those two style but I couldn't find any clear concept or context behind this so I stopped the investigation.

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Alchemical symbol is the unexpected finding with triangle investigation but it was really difficult for me to keep on searching about this since I have no any background knowledge of Alchemical history.

STAGE 2 VISUAL LITERACY

BODY POSTURE

FEMININE

OTHERS

FELICE VARINI

Our body structure can easily from triangles.

There are many triangles in yoga moves, by stretching the body to train and exercise our muscles. Joins, knees and knuckles are the points and our four limbs become the line in the photos I could see many triangle and they show the rhythm and the strength of the images .

I spotted that there are many triangle in women.

Such as the shape of the bikinis, underwears, dresses, skirts and earings and makeup style.

I wander if women also have the feature of triangle flexible. Or on the opposite, we consider triangle is a feminine shape and consider women in triangle is beautiful.

There are some other examples of triangle in our life. Triangle shape chair were for the carving workshop. It was design to let the person to carve with whole body.

And the tripod is one more example to show the triangle provide perfect surport.

This artist was suggest by the tutor after our first tutorial of the second stage. Varini created the 2D shapes in the 3D space, they can only form the complete shape by looking from a certain perspective. The idea of create 2D work in the 3D space is very interesting. But there might be some technical difficulty to work and time so I didn't keep going with this investigation.

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STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

FINAL STAGE After the investigation stage and explored a wide rage of the study, I chose tension as the subject to develope in the final stage but in order to have a much clear concept I had to study it further more. The first step for me was to understand different definition of the tension and then figured out a much more clear concept. And to start to make something to test if it was going to work. Those sketches were the study to of the body languages.

I found out that there are several different meanings of tention, phisical tension, social tension, political tension and dramatic tension.

And categorized the causes of the tension and our reaction to the tension. As I getting into this tention, I grew a strong interest in this idea, because I could relate to this emotion and I could also recall several experiences of my own.

TENSION The state of being stretched tight.

A state in which people, groups, countries, etc.,disagree with and feel anger toward each other.

A feeling of nervousness, excitement, or fear that is created in a movie, book, etc.

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PHYSICAL TENSION SOCIAL TENSION POLITICAL TENSION DRAMATIC TENSION

CAUSES

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION

PHYSICAL EXPRESSION

Violence Extreme Stretching Disagreement Tightness Pressure Danger

Dreadful Frightening Nervous Horrifying Unease Anxious Worries

Butterflies Nail-Biting Cold Sweat Cold Feet

STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

Here are two examples of using the physical tension in our support the object.

In the first stage of the module, I really like the effect which was made by using the threads to create the repetition effect.

PHYSICAL TENSION

CONNECT THE DOT Here is my first attempt of using thread to create this corner and a butterfly with the terrifying expression on it. At that time I still wasn't very clear about my concept so I was trying to make some connection between the result from first stage and tension. But it has to have a strong and obvious concept behind the work so this wasn't a good direction to get into. Anyway I was still happy that I made the connection and gave it a try.

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STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

“ Tension isn’t an experience of the moment, it’s a partial experience of the moment with a constant focusing of attention on what come next.

Tension depends on the idea of events beyond the section in which the reader actually feels tense.

The constant force that keeps events tense is the reader’s constant awareness of what comes next.

Tension is about consequence.

Tension is about the presumed emotional impact of possible consequences.

Tension only occurs when pressure is being exerted.”

DRAMATIC TENSION Besides the tension moments I experienced in real life, those dramatic tension I had through reading novels or watching movies were also very impressing. There are some vivid images still inside mu head. Dramatic tension building is a very important part in story telling. By informing the audiences bad consequence and let the audiences imaging the results. The images below compose simple objects without showing the results but they all suggested the bad consequences. At this moment I had decided that building up dramatic tension was the concept to work on.

10 FACTS THAT TELL YOU HOW TO USE TENSION IN YOUR STORY -ROBERT WOOD

Fig.25-28

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A KIND OF TENSION (2014) ADAM THOMAS

STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

DEVELOPEING WORK

My final concept is to create a visual story that build up dramatic tension for the audiences. Tutor encouraged me to go for a complicated compose not just simply suggest the broken moment and I was also recommanded to take as many screen shots of the movies, as many as possible in order to really understand what kind of visual compositions trigger the dramatic tension successfully.

So I watched several horror, crime and mystery movie and documented the moment before the things happened.

The next steps was to understand the fears we have to use for suggesting the bad consequences. Everyone has different life experiences and the fear varies according to the situation we face. Therefore I did some brainstorming about the things we might afraid of and then pick up the interesting facts to develope.

I sum up the key points or the elements from those screen shots and came up with my own picture story.

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[ COLLECT VISUAL DATAS ]

TAKE SCREEN SHOTS OF CLASSIC HORROR MOVIES

[ UNDERSTAND THE FEAR ] BRAIN STORMING THE FEARS WE HAVE

[ DEVELOPE STORY ]

GET THE IDEAS OF INTERESTING POINT

STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

Psycho 1960 directed by Alfred Hitchcock The Godfather 1972 directed by Francis Ford Coppola Memento 2000 directed by Christopher Nolan Un Chien Andalou 1929 directed by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí Jurassic Park 1993 directed by Steven Spielberg The Silence of the Lambs 1991 directed by Jonathan Demme Hannibal 2001 directed by Ridley Scott Pan's Labyrinth 2006 directed by Guillermo del Toro The Grand Budapest Hotel 2014 directed by Wes Anderson

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STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

THINGS WE FEAR HEIGHTS SPEAK IN PUBLIC PAIN

LOSE VALUABLE THINGS

GENERAL FEARS

ACCIDENTS

FAILURE

PARENST- LOSE THEIR CHILDREN STUDENTS- FAIL WORKERS- LOSE THEIR JOBS

IDENTITY

PATIENTS-LIFES

BUSINESSMEN-LOSE THEIR MONEY

DOCTORS- LOSE THEIR PATIENT

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DARK LIE MYSTERIOUS PHENOMENA

STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

STORYBOARD& PROCESSING THE WORK

GENERATE STORY There were some key points after the movie watching. The moment of the tension are created are sometimes in the scene of door, windows and mirrors, and the close up scenes. And the atmosphere are usually quiet but intense. And the fear of pain and losing valuable things were the fears I wanted in my story. It was not easy to build up dramatic tension in a short story and suggest the bad consequence without showing the violence part.

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STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

FINAL WORK PICTURE STORY, ROOM VIDEO https://vimeo.com/116779206

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The story I made as the final design named Room. My way of creating a quiet surrounding is to have this human like creature without any facial expression on. There is a hole in his head suggests that we are like containers, we put our memories and feelings inside. And he has no cloths on suggest that insecure and private. I wanted it to be a open story, and some room for the audiences to think about.

STAGE 3 VISUAL INTELLIGENCE

09.OCT.2014 FIRST TUTORIAL STAGE1

23.OCT.2014 SECOOND TUTORIAL STAGE1

30.OCT.2014 FIRST CRITIQUE

I didn't produce much work we were ask for at the first week, but I had the chance to see other students' work in order to understand the way of working. It was not easy to study in another country but it was my responsibility to figured out the course and understand the situation so it was helpful to go back and check the module guide to fully understand the requirements and the tasks.

I was suggested to get rid of the sketch book and raise the amont of the work.

It was crucial to work with the materials differently.

We were all suggested to take pictures or filming the process, there might be more to observe.

The biggest mistake was staying the comfort zone and being afraid of making mistakes. It was a very important lesson for me that experienced the opportunity to work with vary materials and documenting the process and the findings.

After the previous stage I know that I should go for a great amont of the work and not be limited by the size of the paper or the medias. And it was crucial to go out my comfort zone.

Tutor considered the work I produced in week four was wonderful, and asked me to focus on expanding my body of work using the approach I had. Which i did in the following week. This was a great opportunity to create and experimenting different ways of working .

It was nice to have my own discover.

20.NOV.2O14 FIRST TUTORIAL STAGE2 The researching stage was very enjoyable, I get to spotted that this simple shape represent so many meaning in our life. Some of them vary depending on the cultures or the social context; some are the same. It was a great way to get to know this part in our culture. But I can see now it was very important to always keep in mind that is to find the concept and then focus on one of them and then make the connection with it.

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04.DEC.2014 FIRST TUTORIAL STAGE3

11.DEC.2014 SECOND TUTORIAL STAGE3

Once I found the meaning that might worth of getting into I starting to do some work and study in order to find out a much clear concept. Tutor suggested to listed possible means to work and then decide the best way to do. So I thought of three ways of working there were photograph the reaction of people when they experience tension; compose some images that suggest the bad consequences and build up the tension within the story.

I wanted to make sure if the concept was worth to develop. Since we don't have much time to work so I decided to go with the tension story build up.

And then start to figure out the story also the format to work with, I was suggested to illustrate the story with tension. But I wasn't really clear with the way to develope the work. But now I have known the way of working and develope the work from concept and ideas. It was a good ride, and I have learnt a much clear way of working.

27.NOV.2014 SECOND CIRTIQUE STAGE2

18.DEC.2014 THIRD TUTORIAL STAGE3

08,JAN.2015 FINAL CRITIQUE STAGE3

I had investigated a wide range of the meaning but tutor pointed out I didn't narrow it down and focus on the meaning or idea that might be the one to develope. The researching should include highlight the key point and details that interest me and become the potential idea be developed in the following stage. So I picked up the idea of tension which tutor suggested.

The feedback I got was dramatic tension was an interesting concept to look into, but I had to really get into what those dramatic tension are, go watch and document those moments from the movies. Do visual research and then find out those deepest fear which we are really afraid of and then go for a much complicated story. I finally fully understand what concept I had to do. As an illustrator building up tension within the story is a crucial part in the story telling.

The tutor like the idea of designing the character as a container but I should pay attention and think what kind the format I wanted my work to be seen as in digitally or hang in the wall. Then there would be different parts need to be aware of. I like my final work to be honest, even though it didn't create the dramatic tension as in the movies but I touched the subject I have never worked with before and learn about this concept and perspective.

STAGE1

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL

LIST OF IMAGES

Fig. 1. Chinese Pictograph[Online resource] At:http://imgkid.com/ancient-chinese-pictographs. shtml (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 2. Native American Pictograph[Online learning resource] At: http://www.education.com/activity/ article/native-american-pictographs/(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 3. Egyptian Hieroglyphic [Online resource] At: http://www.grahamhancock.com/phorum/read. php?f=1&i=298043&t=298002(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 4. Warli Painting India Tribe art At: http://essenceofarts.blogspot.in/2011/07/warli-tribal-art-ofindia.html(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 5. Warli Painting India Tribe art At: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warli(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 6. Egyptian Hieroglyphic [Online resource] At: http://www.grahamhancock.com/phorum/read. php?f=1&i=298043&t=298002(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 7. The Knife Ginder(1912-1913)Kazimir Malevich [Art] At:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/8/86/The_Knifegrinder_Kazimir_Malevich.jpeg(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 8. Air Man Space (1912) Lyubov Popova [Art] At: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/7/78/Popova_Air_Man_Space.jpg(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 9. Blue Triangle by Eduard Steinberg At:http://all-paintings.livejournal.com/227816. html(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 10. Architecture Tokyo Japan [Photograph]At: http://saulxavier.tumblr.com/page/4(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 11. Karolinska Institutet auditorium At: http://www.dezeen.com/2014/07/03/wingardhs-designsan-auditorium-with-a-slanted-glass-facade/(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 12. The Louvre(2009)Romain Villa [Photograph] At: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ romvi/4026667486/sizes/l/in/photostream/(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 13. Denver International Airport(2009)Ellen Jaskol [Photograph] At: http://www. worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.projectview&upload_ id=12024(Accessed on 19.11.2014 )

Fig. 14. Healthcare Center for Cancer Patients (2011)Nord Architects CopenhagenAt:http:// hicarquitectura.com/2012/07/nord-architects-copenhagen-healthcare-center-for-cancer-patients/ (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 15. St. Henry's Ecumenical Art Chapel (2009)Jussi Tiainen [Photograph] At:http:// travelwithfrankgehry.blogspot.mx/2009/05/st-henrys-ecumenical-art-chapel-by.html(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 16. LE TOUR EFFIEL[Photograph] At: https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/75919619/la-toureffiel-fine-art-black-and-white?ref=shop_home_activeFig. 17. British Museum(2013) David Iliff [Photograph] At: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_Great_Court,_London,_ UK_-_Diliff.jpg(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 18. The Happy Show (2012) Stefan Sagmeister[Exhibition] At: http://thehappyshow.tumblr. com/(Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 19. Hierarchy of visual understanding?(2010)David McCandless Data At:http://www. informationisbeautiful.net/2010/data-information-knowledge-wisdom/ (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 20. Feudal pyramid,Redaction Archive [Onlince resource]At:http://www.medievalwall.com/ society/feudalism/ (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 21. Road Sign (2011)Dearrosie[Photograph] At:https://rosannefreed.files.wordpress. com/2011/09/s-baboons.jpg (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 22. [Road sign] At:http://www.bokstavbutikken.no/skilt/barn-leker-skilt/barn-leker-skilttrekant&reload=true (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 23. The Art of Wat [Book Design]At:http://www.pinterest.com/pin/484488872382951064/ (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 24. Hands(2013)Alejandro Plesch[Photograph] At: http://vanilla-cocoon.tumblr.com/ post/69959230878/alejandroplesch-c-2013aleplesch (Accessed on 19.11.2014 ) Fig. 25-28. A Kind of Tension (2014) Adam Thomas [Photograph] At:http://www.adamphotographer. com/tension(Accessed on 04.12.2014 )