Gollage museum_Haymarket Potempkin Village

COLLAGE MUSEUM Haymarket Potemkin village

Lita GONG | 490025507 2023 s2 Thesis portfolio

Thesis portfolio

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to begin by acknowledging the Traditional Owners of the Haymarket, the Gadigal People. Gadigal land is unceded and always was and always will be Aboriginal land. I would also like to pay my respects to Elders past and present. I recognise and value First Nations peoples' and communities' extraordinary and ongoing contribution to Australian life.

Thesis portfolio

ABSTRACT

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he Haymarket suburb, once a thriving trading centre that played a pivotal role in the historical tapestry of the city, now stands as a relic of its former glory, nestled within the dynamic urban fabric of the Tech Central precinct. This project is a response to the idea of a City Museum that Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter mentioned in their book Collage City. The Collage Museum explores Haymarket's history through the lens of retro-futurism, leveraging the concept of replaceable facades as a catalyst for a transformative city museum. The facades are considered a whole out of thrown-away objects, creating new uses. The idea of replaceable facades, akin to the Russian history of the Potemkin village, becomes a pivotal architectural motif in this project. Within this conceptual framework, a sophisticated interplay between architectural elements drawn from the past and the future are woven together—architecture, streets, shops, and urban arrangements converge harmoniously. However, these facades transcend mere deception; they become a narrative device juxtaposing historical elements. The idea is to instil dynamism in the urban fabric, capturing Haymarket's current state's duality and potential.

It uses the replaced facades as exhibits to explain the Haymarket development to memorise the suburb's history. This innovative approach weaves elements from past and future architectures, streets, shops, and urban patterns to remember past and resurrect latent potentials.

CONTENT CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

06

CHAPTER II

HAYMARKET

09

CHAPTER III

MICRO-HISTORY MUSEUM

14

CHAPTER IV

COLLAGE CITY AND POTEMKIN VILLAGE

16

CHAPTER V

DESIGN

22

CHAPTER VI

FUTURE

34

APPENDIX

38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

47

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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I

Haymarket Negative map: 1850s

he Great Repair studio operates on a spectrum between exhaustion and exuberance, seeking approaches to world-mending. It offers a humble architectural response to Amitav Ghosh’s provocation in The Great Derangement (2016) that humans have been unable to deal with the scale and scope of climate change and the environmental devastation it wreaks.1 The studio's site is "Tech Central Precinct", a widespread ‘innovation corridor’ that taps into existing schemes. Haymarket suburb, at the centre of Sydney's CBD, will be a driver of technology in all its forms. With Atlassian's commitment to becoming an anchor tenant, Tech Central is set to become the future of innovation and technology ventures. With a focus on future industries, the area will provide affordable floor space to support a range of startups through established and rapidly growing tech businesses.2

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As a historic community, Haymarket still has many historic buildings on its current site, most of which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, protecting the community's historical heritage and balancing the old and new buildings in the community have always been essential issues in Haymarket. According to the existing Haymarket architectural design plan, in completed or approved projects, the Haymarket District's treatment of these old buildings is mainly demolition, replacement, and Integration with new architecture. In the 20th century, the primary purpose was to demolish and consolidate the land. Until the 21st century, it was mostly to integrate new and old buildings to preserve the historical appearance. In the future, in the era of technology centres, as more technology companies move in, the population of the Haymarket community is likely to increase explosively, followed by an increase in demand for housing and office space. More old buildings in the community will face the possibility of being renovated or demolished. At this time, whether the new tech central – Haymarket could retain its previous history and culture was doubtful.

Haymarket Negative map: 1930s

Haymarket Negative map: 1950s

How can the history and culture of a community be remembered instead of being left in archives or old photos, and how old buildings that have been demolished and replaced can usher in their new life? This is the research direction of this topic. This paper will explore the history of Haymarket and ways of preserving community culture. Based on the theory of city museums proposed in the book Collage City by Fred Koetter and Colin Rowe, the design will collect demolished or replaced facades as the main exhibits and build a Utopian collage museum in Paddy’s Market.

1. Amitav Ghosh, The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016).

2. Project A: The great repair studio brief Haymarket Negative map: 2010s

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HAYMARKET 1

CHAPTER II

5

aymarket, situated in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, is a district at the end of the Sydney CBD. It falls under the government jurisdiction of the City of Sydney.

Haymarket encompasses a portion of Sydney's Chinatown, Thai Town and Railway Square. Ultimo, Chippendale, Surry Hills and the Sydney CBD surround the district. It also shares a border with Darling Harbour. Central Station – a transportation hub for Sydney- resides within this area.3

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2

6

The history of Haymarket can be traced back to the 1700s when Australia welcomed its settlers.

Haymarket's land was initially utilized for farming and cultivating crops like hay. As time passed, Haymarket became known as Market Square during the 1800s. It quickly gained popularity as a marketplace where traders and merchants could sell their goods, eventually becoming a point for commerce and social interactions within the city.

Haymarket has also played a role in Sydney's immigration history. Throughout the early 20th century many immigrants, from China settled in this area. Today, Chinatown stands at Haymarket's heart, representing its atmosphere and rich historical significance. Over time, additional immigrant communities such as Vietnamese, Korean and Thai have contributed to the diversity of this neighbourhood, symbolizing Australia's multiculturalism.

3

7

4

8

As Sydney grew and developed over the years, Haymarket transitioned from a market to a lively urban area with a mix of residential spaces, commercial establishments and entertainment venues. The establishment of Central Station in the 1800s and the construction of the University of Sydney significantly influenced Haymarket's growth and transformation.4

1 |Wirth's Hippodrome, opened in 1916

5 | Sydney monorail Chinatown station, opened in 1988

2 | Demolition in George Street Haymarket, 1909

6 | Sheltered seating and phone booth on Dixon Street, photo

3. "Haymarket," City of Sydney Archives, 2011, https://archives.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/nodes/view/1913301.

3 | 55-56 Harbour street, under demolitio in 1934

taken in 1984

4. Fitzgerald, Shirley, and Shirley Fitzgerald. "Haymarket." Haymarket | The Dictionary of Sydney, January 1, 1970. https://

4 | Goulburn Street Parking Station, built in 1963

7 | The peak apartment, built in 1996

dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/haymarket.

8 | Darling exchange, built in 2018 Page 08

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拆卸建筑 随时间变化

POPULATION 2021

2016

2011

2006

2001

People

8,303

7,353

6,376

4,312

5,091

Families

1,553

1,021

803

575

492

All private dwellings

3,931

2,605

2,296

1,554

1,435

Indonesian

8.6

10.2

9.6

11.8

12.3

Cantonese

5.7

5.1

7.6

10.8

9.7

Mandarin

24.3

20.3

17

16.7

8.1

Korean

2.5

4.8

6.4

9.7

2.7

Thai

16.3

20.4

14.4

8.5

1.8

English only spoken at home

18

12.7

15.9

10.7

15

LANGUAGE %

Haymarket LEP building map

BUILDING TYPES

Today, Haymarket is renowned for its scene celebrating diversity in all its forms. Various restaurants, markets, shops and cultural institutions dot the neighbourhood. This vibrant area is home to shopping malls, office buildings and hotels that add to the neighbourhood's charm.

According to the chart, it is easy to see that the ground floor office buildings occupy the primary position in Haymarket. As a trading centre with a longstanding heritage dating back nearly two centuries, the layout of the Haymarket suburb may have been initially established to accommodate the unique needs of a thriving market district. During its formative years, lowrise office buildings may have been deemed sufficient to cater to the local business requirements, offering functional spaces while harmonizing with the area's character.5

Park Educaution Library Market

However, the modern landscape of Haymarket presents a unique challenge with the evergrowing population and the surging demand for office spaces in the bustling urban centre6. The dilemma faced today lies in the inability of these smaller, low-rise office buildings to adequately meet the soaring demands for office space during population growth. As the district evolves and the need for office spaces escalates, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions to balance the preservation of the historical charm of the area with the demands of a contemporary urban environment. Integrating modern office complexes or the adaptive reuse of existing structures may offer a viable approach to addressing this challenge.

Hotel Apartment mid/high - rise office buildin Low - rise office building Church Parking

140

Along with the opportunities come some challenges. According to the Haymarket LEP building map, it is not difficult to find that almost half of the buildings in Haymarket were mainly built between the late 19th and the mid-20th century. The site, therefore, has extensive protective facades and interiors. Additionally, due to package and development, communities face a shortage of available sites for new construction. Therefore, if Auburb continues to expand over the next century or two, existing buildings in Haymarket will need to be demolished or consolidated to meet the demand for additional office space.

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Hotel

mid/high - rise office building

Haymarket building types analysis

apartment

market

library

low - rise office building

educaution

5.“Haymarket Precinct,” City of Sydney, https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/haymarket-precinct.

6.“Haymarket,” 2021 Haymarket, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics, https://www.abs. gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL11884.

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HAYMARKET HISTORY TIME LINE

Further development for the Haymarket suburb was started in 1892, including constructing a new market building on the site of the old Paddy's. This building was later demolished, rebuilt, and leased to Wirth Brothers Circus from 1916 to 1927 as a racetrack. From the late 1920s until the late 1960s, Belmore Market Racecourse operated as the Capitol Cinema Theatre.8

Before Colonization Haymarket is the traditional land of the Gadigal. Before European occupation, the upstream waters of Darling Harbour / Tumbalong were fed by two freshwater streams: one that ran down from what is now George Street, along Hay Street, and the other coming in from the south. On the eastern foreshore of Darling Harbour/ Tumbalong, there is archeological evidence of Aboriginal occupation before and after the European invasion, including shell middens.

This activity likely continued until the beginning of industrialisation in the 1820s and 30s.7

Dexin street Dixon Street was originally a timber yard before Chinese settlement began in Haymarket in the 1920s. Shops opened around Dixon Street, and it became a Chinese street. In the early 1970s, Chinatown experienced a decline following the wholesale market's move to Flemington in 1968 and the increasing relocation of Chinatown residents to the suburbs.10 To revitalize Chinatown and promote the adoption of multicultural policies in Sydney, the City of Sydney Council worked with the Dixon Street Chinese Committee to attract visitors by developing Chinatown into a tourist area and turning it into a pedestrian centre in the 1980s.11

Tradding Place The valley south of Bathurst Street and Brickfield Hill was designated for the cattle and corn trade in 1829. 8 As the area was known, Haymarket was a convenient stopping place for farmers’ carts before the long journey to the town's markets.

Land ownership and the market were under the control of the City of Sydney when the city was founded in 1842.

The location close to the market proved attractive for small industries, with housing and buildings used as temporary boarding houses for mobile traders.8

The Fire From a humble drapery shop, Anthony Hordern & Sons transformed into Sydney's largest department store and a thriving mail-order business. Billing themselves as the 'only universal providers,' they boasted an inventory that spanned 'from a needle to an anchor.' However, on July 10, 1901, disaster struck when a colossal fire engulfed the Anthony Hordern & Sons Palace Emporium in Haymarket, described as 'one of the greatest fires yet experienced in Australia.'

"By 9 am, as the flames illuminated the sky, George Street was in chaos, and a distraught crowd watched in horror as a storeman tragically leapt to his demise."9

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Paddy's Market

Monorail

The construction of the Sydney Monorail began in the late 1980s, and the system was officially opened to the public in July 1988. The initial route connected Darling Harbour, Chinatown, and the central railway station. The Sydney Monorail, initially conceived to improve transportation in the city's central district, faced limited coverage, high operational costs, and competition from existing modes of transport. Despite expansion plans, the system's singleloop design failed to gain widespread popularity among commuters and tourists. Its controversial presence in the cityscape and doubts about its economic viability led to calls for its removal. Sydney Monorail was decommissioned and demolished in 2013 as part of a broader effort to modernize and expand Sydney's public transportation network.12

7. “History and Heritage,” Darling Harbour, https://www.darlingharbour.com/editorials/history-and-heritage.

8. State Library of NSW, “Anthony Hordern’s Fire,” State Library of NSW, June 30, 2020, https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/ collection-items/anthony-horderns-fire.

9. Shirley Fitzgerald and Shirley Fitzgerald, “Haymarket,” Haymarket | The Dictionary of Sydney, January 1, 1970, https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/haymarket.

10. Fitzgerald, S. (2007) Red tape, Gold scissors: The story of Sydney’s Chinese, NSW: Halstead Press3 Choi, C. Y. (1975) Chinese migration and settlement in Australia, Adelaide: Sydney University Press 11. Anderson, K. (1991) Vancouver’s Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada 1875-1980, Montreal and Kingston: McGill Queen’s University Press 12. "The Wrong Track: Remembering the Embarrassing Saga of Sydney’s Monorail," The Guardian, July 1, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/01/the-wrong-track-remembering-the-embarrassing-saga-ofsydneys-monorail.

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MICRO-HISTORY MUSEUM CHAPTER III Microhistory is a focused study on one event, community, time period, or person. “A search for answers to large questions in small places.”

–Charles Joyner, Shared Traditions: Southern History and Folk Culture. icrohistory, as a methodological approach to the study and documentation of history, distinguishes itself by its focus on presenting peculiar moments from the past by examining the lives and activities of discrete individuals or specific groups. Unlike traditional historical narratives that often spotlight major political events and influential figures, microhistory delves into the intricacies of ordinary people's lives, shedding light on their trials, tribulations, and everyday choices.13 The essence of microhistory lies in capturing the nuances of human agency, showcasing the extent to which individuals can make meaningful decisions within the constraints of their circumstances. By scrutinizing seemingly obscure events and socially marginalized groups, microhistory aims to offer a more inclusive understanding of historical significance. The prefix 'micro' in 'microhistory' signifies its unique focus on history at a small scale, presenting a more intimate and nuanced perspective on the human experience throughout history.14

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Szijártó proposed in the article "Four Theses of Microhistory" that microhistory has four advantages over traditional macrosocial history.15 One of its main strengths is that it is an indepth study of a relatively small topic and is multifaceted, helping to provide richer and more engaging content. Microhistory is closer to the lives of ordinary people in presentation, so it can be more widely accepted and resonate, and it can also attract audiences more. By focusing on specific individuals or small groups, micro-history is closer to reality in historical narrative, and generally micro-history can provide a nuanced exploration of human experience in different contexts. This approach not only reveals the complexities of everyday life, but also provides a deeper connection to the past. Additionally, microhistory often directly conveys personal experiences, allowing for a more in-depth exploration of historical events through the eyes of those who lived them. This emphasis on the individual and the concrete enhances the emotional resonance of historical narratives and promotes a deeper connection between viewers and historical subjects.

As a carrier for the physical display of micro-history research results, micro-history museums differ from ordinary museums in the following key features. First, microhistory carefully focuses on a precise historical subject, whether a specific historical event, a specific period, the history of a local community, or an individual's life. Therefore. This narrow scope is reflected in museum exhibits, often smaller and closer to life. Therefore, visitors will immerse themselves in the theme and gain a deeper, richer and more detailed understanding of the themes represented in the exhibition. Second, micro-history museums actively engage with the local community; their goal is to preserve the area's history and create a meaningful connection between visitors and the historical narrative on display. Around the Museum highlights unique stories often overlooked and sometimes obscured in more universal historical records.

The Haymarket-Micro History Museum is set to explore the subtle street changes throughout the area's history, carefully documenting often overlooked and forgotten aspects of its rich heritage.

The museum will serve as a dedicated focus to reveal the intricate evolution of the streets, revealing the dynamic transformations that shaped the Haymarket district. Visitors can expect a detailed examination of how the roads have witnessed the ebb and flow of time, capturing the essence of daily life, commerce, and cultural exchanges that have left an indelible mark on the area. Through immersive exhibits, the museum will bring to life the stories embedded within the changing streetscapes, revealing the forgotten narratives of individuals, businesses, and communities that have played pivotal roles in Haymarket's history.

The media of expressing the history is selected to the Haymarket demolished or replaced facades and shop sign boards. Facades, serving as the external faces of buildings, hold a unique capacity to encapsulate the rich historical narrative of Haymarket's Street. With a history dating back nearly two centuries as a bustling trading centre in Sydney, Haymarket's facades serve as historical collages in their own right. These external visages are windows into the past, telling the tale of this vibrant locale through several key elements. Firstly, architectural styles exhibited on these facades often mirror the popular design choices of their respective epochs when trade and commerce thrived.

Additionally, remnants of old signage and lettering provide invaluable insights into the specific businesses that once inhabited these structures, such as trading posts or market stalls.

As Haymarket evolved and integrated into Sydney's urban tapestry, these building styles left indelible imprints on their facades. Incorporating architectural styles like Victorian, Georgian, or Art Deco further underscores the Western architectural influence that has shaped the area.

Moreover, the materials used in these facades, such as brick, stone, or ironwork, demonstrate the adaptation of architectural traditions from the West to the unique local context, reaffirming the significance of Haymarket's facades as repositories of its storied history.

13. Charles W. Joyner, Shared Traditions: Southern History and Folk Culture (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999).

14. Duane Corpis, “Course Description for ‘Deviants, Outcasts & Other “Others”: Microhistory and Marginality in Early Modern Europe’” (Ithaca: Cornell University, 2010).

15. István Szijártó, “Four Arguments for Microhistory,” Rethinking History 6, no. 2 (June 8, 2011): 209–15, https:// Page 14

doi.org/10.1080/13642520210145644.

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COLLAGE CITY AND POTEMKIN VILLAGE CHAPTER IV – Collage the facades ‘…city that works in balance between time vs. life of society, between the ancient and the modern, the public and private, and is proposed by the collage model in which the fragments of a previous urban structure are confronted with a new superposition, confronting natural periods and allowing them to exist together.’

–Fred Koetter and Colin Rowe: Collage city

ollage City puts forward the idea of enhancing cities by blending urban elements like differently shaped open spaces into the continuous fabric of urban landscapes. The advocates of this approach introduce the concept of a "bricoleur ", highlighting the idea of city planning as a craft where available materials are creatively assembled and repurposed.16According to Collage City, Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter liken the city to a museum in Rome, a collection of isolated objects and events gathered eclectically. This alternative perspective challenges the pitfalls of engineering-induced designs. The city is seen as an amalgamation of fragments resulting from the impact of objects from places and times that come together in surprising and captivating ways.

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The contrast between collage and design concepts also introduces "handyman/fox" architecture, where discarded objects are ingeniously combined to create uses that conventional architectural norms. In contrast, there is also an "engineer/hedgehog" approach that involves dismantling and reconstructing discarded items reflecting an architecture aimed at repurposing them into functionalities. This philosophy extends beyond architecture to engineering practices by advocating for versatile handyman tools over ones promoting adaptability and resourcefulness in urban development.17

16. Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter, Collage City (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1978).

17. Appleyard Donald, “Rowe and Koetter, Collage City (Book Review),” Journal of the American Planning Association, 1980.

18. Rebacca Roberts et al., “PICASSO SCULPTURE” (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2015).

Picasso: Bull's head (1944)

The collage ethos is rooted in the pursuit of coexistence and employs various ubiquitous strategies. This technique, transcending traditional artistic boundaries, is characterized by its versatility and adaptability. Art, serving as a medium for utilizing ready-made products to forge innovative creations, emphasizes the generation of meaning rather than rigid techniques, fostering a more expressive and dynamic artistic landscape. As mentioned as a precedent in the book explaining the collage city's strategy, Picasso's works stand as poignant examples that encapsulate the essence of Collage.

The bull's head is a sculpture created by Pablo Picasso in 1942, made up of the saddle and handlebars of a bicycle. It has been described as Picasso's most famous discovery, a simple but "surprisingly complete" metamorphosis. In 1944, catalogued under Bicycle Seat, the sculpture was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in Paris, along with 78 other artworks. The audiences were shocked when Picasso's new, unnormal artwork was first exhibited, and a demonstration was organized in which a bicycle seat was one of the pieces removed from the wall. The creation of the bullhead reimagines the bicycle parts in use, allowing us to see them differently, but it does not erase our memories of bicycle parts and their functions. Thus, the sculpture can return to its original use as a bicycle if necessary.

Art critic Eric Gibson describes Bull's Head as unique amongst Picasso's sculptures for its 'transparency' - the constituent found objects are not disguised. He describes that the sculpture is "a moment of wit and whimsy ...both childlike and highly sophisticated in its simplicity, it asserts the transforming power of the human imagination at a time when human values were under siege."

Picasso described the artwork in 1943 to visiting photographer George Brassai, saying: "Guess how I made the bull's head? One day, in a pile of objects all jumbled up together, I found an old bicycle seat right next to a rusty set of handlebars. In a flash, they joined together in my head. The idea of the Bull's Head came to me before I had a chance to think. All I did was weld them together... [but] if you were only to see the bull's head and not the bicycle seat and handlebars that form it, the sculpture would lose some of its impact."18 Rowe believes that the creation of bicycle cow heads is a two-directional transformation. The Bulls Head can be seen as a collage system where the individual pieces remain unchanged but have a different meaning. Nonetheless, their juxtaposition and new contextual relationship are seen as a separate whole and convey different meanings. The same phenomena are observed in urban Poché when urban solids under specific environmental influences are considered urban voids and vice versa. In Rowe’s view, this basic principle of collage can potentially become a new model for cities in the form of “Collage Cities.”19 Rowe believes that these collage systems allow cities to embrace ideas without getting entangled in ideological politics. The concept of a collage city can incorporate fragments of utopias of adhering to one single utopia as a governing model by embracing these differences and exploring the meanings and forms that arise from this two-way transformation of the utopia concept.

19. Tigran Khachatryan, “Architectural Context Part 5: Colin Rowe & Fred Koetter,” Medium, August 10, 2023, https://geometrein.medium.com/architectural-context-part-5-colin-rowe-fred-koetter-cb7952e9e87c Page 16

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CASE STUDY 01

Name: KUNSTSTÜCK Year: 2018-2022 Artist: Olya Pegova The phrase "Potemkin Village" has its roots in the century during the time of Catherine the Great Empress of Russia. It is said that Grigory Potemkin, a leader and statesman, built villages along the path of the empress's visit to newly acquired territories in Crimea. These constructed facades, known as Potemkin villages, were supposedly created to give an illusion of prosperity and progress. Over time, the term has expanded beyond its context. It is now commonly used to describe any elaborate front or deceptive creation aimed at hiding an undesirable reality. A Potemkin Village is a display or false appearance to conceal underlying issues or flaws. The legacy of the Potemkin Village remains a metaphor for the conflict between appearances and truth, capturing the idea of presenting a facade to disguise favourable facts.20 In this project, we only use its superficial meaning, that is, building a fake Haymarket street to show the changes and development of the community.

The faux facades covering the buildings

Installation view. The International Photography Festival PHOTO IS: REAL, iSREAL, Tel Aviv, 2020

CONVENT GARDEN HOTEL

蔬果 生鲜 市场

Collage process When a dign board is being replaces, the old one will be placed on the Collage museum facade, which the facade is still in blank wall because the current facade is still in used. Once the on sit facade is demolished, it will be collected and replace the blamk wall to exhibite on the museum.

The following two cases explain the content of Potemkin Village, which are also good precedents for referencing my design project.

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Previously, faux facades were rare and were only temporary interventions in urban spaces in Russia, but today, they have become part of the urban landscape and are only occasionally replaced.21A painted reality fills the modern urban landscape, shaping how those who live and visit it perceive the world. Looking at the windows, domes and other architectural elements built and printed in great detail by the graphic editors, it is impossible to tell what lies behind the false facades: a historical monument site waiting to be rebuilt, a building in disrepair hidden from view. In the eyes of the public, in a newly built space or simply in empty spaces. In the Kunststück series, artist Olya Pegova changes the cityscapes of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Nizhny Novgorod through digital editing, preserving the original fake facade. To locals viewing the images, the sights looked familiar. However, it is no longer clear what actually exists and what has been digitally altered, and now it only looks real. For those who are used to seeing buildings covered with simple plastic mesh used for actual construction and renovation purposes or used as advertising spaces, Pegova's project questions the possibilities that public space offers for constructing aesthetic, architectural and cultural awareness.

20. Jennifer Murtoff, “Potemkin Village,” Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Potemkin-

21.Olya Pegova, “Kunststück. Photographer Olya Pegova,” Photographer Olya Pegova, https://olyapegova.com/

village.

kunstst-ck.

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CASE STUDY 02

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Name: Splendid China - Folk Culture Villages City: ShenZhen Built year: 2003

Miniatures in Folk Culture Village

Splendid China Folk Culture Village ( 锦 绣 中 华 - 民 俗 文 化 村 ) is a theme park located in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, the People's Republic of China. The park's theme reflects the history, culture, art, ancient architecture, and customs of various ethnic groups. It is one of the landscape parks with the most significant scene reproductions worldwide. The scenic area contains more than 100 major tourist attractions in a miniaturized layout based on the Chinese map. Most attractions are scaled down to 1:15. The entire park covers an area of 30 hectares.22 The in-scale buildings, or can be called sculptures, despite their absence of historical traces, hold a unique place in the village, serving purposes that evoke nostalgia or exude a sense of prestige. Although copying these heritage structures worldwide may not inherently provide the visitors with their initial function as a building, these sculptures offer distinct values in cultural appreciation and educational significance. 23 These in-scale buildings, perfectly tracing the actual architecture or facades into the village, pay homage to the past and provide contemporary society with a tangible connection to historical aesthetics and cultural heritage. Consequently, the sculptures could not trace their history traces to the past. Thus, they could not one hundred per cent replace the experiences when visiting the actual architectures. On the other hand, there is no doubt that the in-scale models serve as valuable educational tools, enabling present and future generations to delve into these architectural masterpieces' history and cultural context, thus enriching our collective knowledge and understanding of the cultural heritage.

22. “Splendid China - Folk Culture Villages,” Splendid China - Folk Culture Villages, Shenzhen, https://www. travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangdong/shenzhen/splendid.htm.

23. Schultz, ed., Real and Fake in Architecture: Close to the Original, Far from Authenticity? (Stuttgart: Axel Menges, 2020).

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DESIGN CHAPTER V

The selection of the Collage Museum's site at Paddy's Market, formerly known as the Old Belmore Market, was predicated upon its extensive historical trading significance and its apt representation of the cultural heritage of Haymarket. Over the past two centuries, the urban planning of this locale has remained remarkably consistent, with minimal alterations to the surrounding streetscape. Consequently, Paddy's Market emerged as the most suitable site for the Collage Museum's enduring development.

This museum project was conceived as a Utopian design since it was slated to initiate construction commencing from the 1920s and will continue expanding by the development of the Haymarket suburb. The museum's initial architecture referenced one of the plans in the agreement, specification and conditions of the contract signed by us on this thirteenth day of September 1909 for the SMC (Municipal Council of Sydney) new markets Engine Street area.24

SITE

Location map

24. “Plan - Foundation and Drainage for New Markets, Engine Street Area Haymarket, 1909,” City of Sydney Archives, https:// archives.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/nodes/view/1714345.

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Plan, elevation, section and detail drawings of the SMC New Markets entry st area

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Paddy’s Market Station

Hay Street Hay Street

5

3

2

Qua

Th

om

as S

tre et

1

reet

y St

4

6

7

UTS Building 5 Block A

3

Ultim

o Roa

d

GOTUND FLOOR PLAN y Qua

Tong Lee Market

Stre

o ltim

et

Legend

U

Paddy's Market exterior facades Replaced facades

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1

Central display area

2

Retail and office

3

Open market

4

Storage

5

Cooler

6

Loading area

7

Cafe

ad

Ro

2

The Ultimo Sydney Hotel

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AXONOMETRIC 1920s VERSION

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The replacement façades will be displayed inside the Paddy’s Market, forming part of the walls of the retail space within the Market. This adaptation ensures the preservation of historical architectural elements and imbues the retail area with a unique character and historical charm.

These repurposed facades, once integral components of Sydney's rich urban history, now serve as functional partitions and aesthetic highlights, seamlessly blending the past with the present. As shoppers peruse the retail stalls, they are surrounded by a living testament to the area's heritage, forging a strong connection between the contemporary market experience and the site's historical significance.

The initial stages of the project include the installation of scaffolding throughout Paddy's Market to support the future façade replacement. When the facade is still in use, but windows or billboards are replaced, the white background wall will temporarily replace it until the site wall is removed from service and displayed in the museum. Over time, the blank scaffolding on the market will be used, and the temporary wall backings will be replaced by a facade rich in colour, texture, and design that preserves the craftsman's skills and the artistic style of the time. Graffiti is an excellent material to record the historical changes of the street. As the decoration process unfolds, every nook and cranny of Paddy's Market will be replaced with exterior decoration, creating an immersive and visually captivating experience for visitors. The market itself will not change its function as a trading centre with the addition of the museum, but at the same time, it has become one of the recorders of the evolving story of Sydney's Haymarket suburb. This infill, including the gradual decoration of Paddy's Market, symbolizes the physical transformation of the environment and a deeper connection between past and present. The facade wall has been constantly modified and graffitied over time, and its form is vividly displayed in the streets of the past. Exhibited in a time that does not belong to it, they reflect the market's rich heritage and evolving cultural identity. Local artists and artisans will contribute their talents to this ongoing process, injecting their unique perspectives and creativity into the market. The expansion of decorative elements throughout the market is a reminder that heritage and tradition can coexist harmoniously with contemporary business and urban life. With the synergy of history and modernity, Paddy's Marke-Collage Museum will become a history book recording the cultural continuation of the community. The museum captures Haymarket's spirit and character while inviting all who pass by to become part of its evolving story.

1920s

1960s

Paddy's Market was chosen as a cultural hub and plans to refurbish its iconic facade completely.

Inspired by the 1909 design, Paddy's Market's facade will be renovated and expanded as needed.

When The Peak apartment is completed in 1999, the glass dome will be replaced with a roof garden. Additionally, as part of this visionary approach, the Collage Museum will serve as a reference to the region's rich history and heritage over the coming century, with future horizontal expansions to be expanded vertically, combined with The Peak apartment, Transforming Paddy's Market into a larger commercial complex. By blending past and present, this transformation will make Paddy's Market a bustling retail destination and a proper museum in its own right. The expansion will provide residents and visitors with a dynamic and immersive cultural experience that transcends the traditional market environment and provides an outlet into the area's rich street-level history.

1990s

Right: Replaced facades expanding process.

1920s In 1913, the Belmore Markets were dismantled and adaptively re-used.

1960s Reconstuction of the the Corporation Building, which used to be the most important and highly decorated municipal building in Haymarket Sydney.

1990s To revitalise Chinatown and promote adopting multicultural policies within Sydney, Chinatown was redesigned intoa tourist precinct and turning it into a pedestrian mall attract visitors.

2020s Removeral of the monorail from sydney's public transportation system.

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2020s

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SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

DETAIL PHYSICAL MODELS

Thesis portfolio

Construction Type A - Attached to wall

Joints

Construction Type B - Self stand

Initially erected during the museum's construction, the scaffolding structure serves as essential support for the replaced facades. To accommodate facades of varying shapes, sizes, and weights, selecting scaffold joints drew inspiration from Bogatinoski's Steel Beam-Column Connections testing.25 A specially designed rigid beam-column connection was chosen, featuring an end joint welded to the dismantling link on the column with the beam, thereby representing a modification of the conventional and widely used rigid beam-column connection. Support reinforcement is achieved by adding a triangular plate perpendicular to the connection. The inclined member connection at the top encompasses the web in the beam and constitutes the final welded joint.

This T-shaped joint facilitates the necessary angle adjustments. The inclusion of inclined beams not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also bolsters the overall structural integrity.

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25. Z Bogatinoski , B Trajanosk, and G Arsova-Milosevska, “Design of Steel Beam-Column Connections,” TEM Journal 3, no. 2 (2014).

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Thesis portfolio

FUTHER CHAPTER VI – Collage museum in other regions of Syndey

xpanding the concept of the Collage Museum beyond the confines of the Sydney Haymarket suburb presents many exciting possibilities. Establishing the Collage Museum in other historical regions opens the door to creating a vast network of cultural hubs, each dedicated to celebrating the unique tapestry of history inherent to its respective locale. As these museums take root, they serve as portals to the past, offering visitors immersive experiences that unveil the diverse narratives of different regions, enriching their understanding of the intricate historical tapestries that make each place distinctive. In parallel, this expansion holds the potential to instil a more profound sense of regional identity and pride among residents and tourists alike as they embark on a journey to uncover the historical significance that has shaped various regions over time. By strategically situating Collage Museums within or adjacent to these tech hubs, they can serve as intellectual and creative epicentres, fostering collaboration, cross-pollination of ideas, and a deeper understanding of the interplay between technology and society. These museums, with their diverse collections of historical artifacts, technological advancements, and cultural narratives, become pivotal in anchoring the identity and heritage of the tech precincts.

E

Visitors exploring the Collage Museum can gain insight into Sydney and experience the city's rich historical heritage and contemporary artistic achievements through the facades, billboards and artwork on display. These various objects from the streets enrich the museum's collections and tell the story of Sydney's profound culture and emphasis on art, revealing the continuous cultural development of different areas of Sydney.

However, by covering a wider geographical footprint, the Collage Museum can have the opportunity to become a powerful tool for education, cultural exchange, and tourism. These museums create meaningful bridges for visitors between the past and the present by extending their reach into various historical contexts. They play a crucial role in conveying the stories of areas that may otherwise be forgotten, helping to provide a deeper understanding of the threads of history woven into the diverse fabric of our cultural landscape.

Collage museums can also be integrated into external areas like community parks, combining culture, history and nature in innovative ways to create a vibrant space for learning and leisure.

Visitors can seamlessly transition between exploring exhibits in the open space, experiencing the natural environment, and engaging with the cultural artifacts and historical narratives displayed within the museum. This symbiotic relationship with nature restores the authentic feel of community streets to a more immersive experience, promotes deeper connections with exhibits and the environment, and provides unique opportunities for multi-sensory experiences.

In addition, park settings attract a broader and more diverse audience, including families, nature lovers and passers-by, making cultural education and heritage appreciation more accessible and inclusive. However, museums must also adopt more careful planning and conservation measures to protect outdoor exhibits and the natural environment, such as regular facade maintenance, to ensure the sustainability of this outdoor museum model. At the same time, the cost will be much higher than the indoor Collage Museum in consequence.

Moreover, the Collage Museum can facilitate networking events, conferences, and educational programs, promoting interdisciplinary interactions and knowledge sharing among tech professionals, entrepreneurs, artists, and the wider community. This interconnected approach enriches the intellectual fabric of these precincts. It positions them as vibrant, forward-thinking hubs celebrating the fusion of technology and culture, encouraging continual growth and innovation in the digital age.

Each region's rich heritage and authenticity can be further heightened as local stakeholders actively participate in curating and narrating the stories that emanate from their land. By involving the community in these creative endeavours, these museums can transcend the role of mere repositories of history, evolving into living, breathing cultural centres that engage and captivate their audiences. Furthermore, this expansion strategy offers the invaluable opportunity to safeguard endangered historical sites and live new lives in underappreciated and neglected areas. Such revitalization efforts hold the potential to contribute significantly to the economic and cultural growth of the regions, transforming once-overlooked locales into vibrant cultural and historical hubs that attract both residents and tourists.

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Installations from Vivid Sydney: 2015-2023

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Thesis portfolio

APPENDIX

Facades information Database: City of Syndy Archives & History Resources Name 435 +A2:A40Sussex Street 56-62 Harbour street 775-779 George St 810-812a George Street 810-812a George Street (new) Anthony Hordern Palace Emporium Bank of China Haymarket branch Capitol Theatre Central Baptist Church Central Square (precent) Central Studio Hotel Changhai Village Chinatown Archway Christ Church St Laurence Civic theatre Corporation Building Covent Garden Hotel Darling Exchange Former Canada House Former Kwong War Chong Goulburn Street Parking Station Haymarket Chambers building

Haymarket Hotel Haymarket Hotel

Haymarket library Haymarket Picture Theatre Haymarket Telephone Exchange John Bridge Woolstore Lottery Office Manning Building Monorail Paddy's Market Station Old Belmore Markets Paddy's Markets Parker Street Hotel Pencil Tower Hotel skyscraper Qantas Credit Union Arena Sutton Forest Meat Company The Peak Apartments The Wing Sang & Co buildings (old) Wedge-shaped hotel (new) Choys Inn Commerce Building Mountbatten Hotel Barclay Theatre Forum Theatre 3-21 Campbell Street Star Hotel Johnson overalls, Morris Discounts and Money Lent

Engineers Hotel Laboratories Davis Manufacturing Company

Pitt Street Manse Mountbatten Hotel Great Southern Hotel Commonwealth Trading Bank Prajna Temple Crystal Palace Hotel FH Powell Joe Gardiner Shoe Boot Warehouse Italo-Australian Club Myer building Tivoli Theatre Municipal Poultry Markets Municipal Market Stores

Address 775-779 George Street 13 Campbell St 619 George Street 803-813 George Street 50 Dixon Street 102-108 Hay Street 812 George Street 1 Little Pier St, Haymarket 822 George Street 84 Dixon Street 64 Harbour Street 803-813 George Street 109/451 Pitt St 9/13 Hay Street 9/13 Hay St 35 Harbour Street 761-763 George Street 2 Quay Street 18-22 Campbell Street 810-812a George Street 217-219 Thomas Street 683-689 George Street 744 George Street 681 George Street Corner of Barlow Street and Parker Street Corner of Barlow Street and Parker Street 56-62 Harbour street 744-744B George Sreett 653-659 George Street 653-659 George Street 435 Sussex Street 63-69 Dixon Street 101 Goulburn Street 323 Castlereagh Street 323 Castlereagh Street 410 Pitt Street 181-187 Hay Street 13 Parker Street 803-813 George Street 812 George Street

3-21 Campbell Street 21 Goulburn Street 733-739 George Street 108 Hay Street 221 Thomas Street

proposed/built year

demolished/changed year 1928 1910 1981 1980 1911 1945 2015 1910 1910 1889 1905 1928 1869 1938 1983 1910 2000 1890 2020 1880 1944 1873 1904 1856 1970 1875 1985 1994 1894 1962 1961 1972 2024 2016 1893 2016 2019 1845

Note LEP LEP 2024 LEP LEP LEP LEP LEP LEP 1981 LEP LEP 1892 2015

1978 1990 Retail Museum of Chinese in Australia; Haymarket Chambers building LEP 1970 Fire in 1901 1943 Bussell Bros store (56 Harbour St) and PDS Case Store (60 Harbour St).

1994

New residentioal building addition to 5 story; retail

1915

redeveloped between 1888 and 1891. It was acquired in 1975

1860

797-799 George Street

LEP

1972

1923

798 Panoramic Mural by Drawing Architecture Studio

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Facades fragments: Past, Today and Future

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Thesis portfolio

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Thesis portfolio

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Thesis portfolio

DESIGN: EXPERIENCES IMAGES

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Main entry

South facades

South facades

Central facades

Cafe

North market

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PANELS

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FINAL PRESENTATION

Thesis portfolio

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Thesis portfolio

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CONVENT GARDEN HOTEL

楼

Lita GONG SID: 490025507 The University of Sydney 2023 Semester2 Thesis Portfolio Project A: The Great Repair Coordinator: Chris L. L Smith Tutor: Felix McNamara

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