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Up to date theories of the universe evolution

The first tree minutes of the Universe

Cosmology represents the science about the world (Pythagoras: cosmos=world; Logos=science). Its purpose is that of studying the entire material universe.

In Aristotel cosmology was already categorized as a branch of physics. One of the possible theories about the origin of the universe is still found in the Greek philosophies in the principal of Platon’s “geouniverse”: “One created the world and the human”. After putting this principle to use, Platon was considered as one of the supporters of the biblical principle of determined genesis.

Science opposes, using the same principle (being the closest to the creator principle), the atrophic principle. This principle says that the Universe we live in didn’t appear after a creational act, but as a random result of some consequences initially arbitrary, randomly.

Using this principle demonstrates that the apparition of life in a Universe depends on a small number of parameters and of real close variables of does parameters. This principle demonstrates that the chance of a universe that lets life appear is quite small.

In the same time the intervals in which these parameters can vary make the number of possible universes (for life appearance) to be infinite. This demonstrates that there can be a infinity of universes that are the same, still different in their structure, which allow life apparel. The problem was treated a few centuries before, before Platen by a Greek philosopher, Anaximandrus. In such a multiuniverse, the creationist principle represents just one of the possibilities. Due to the limited speed of the speed of light, our initial universe (t>0), was formed of ~10**75 causal distinct zones. This indicates the fact that, walking towards its beginning, the universe loses its property of global causality. In present this science holds proof of an evolving process of the universe we live in. This process, looking back in time, is of a thermical type, starting from a initial state, with high temperatures and low reach, in which deterministic physics doesn’t act, it being replaced by the principles of cuantic relativist physics. At high temperatures, the forces tend to unify: first the electromagnetic one with the weak one, then with the strong one, and at last with he gravitational one. The universe, in it’s cuantic state, is small enough for it’s reach to become a huge black hole.

The first 3 minutes of the universe Today the most accepted cosmonological theory is the universe in expansion one, starting from a primordial explosion, called Big Bang. We can consider our universe of being one of infinity of similar gigantic systems and that it has the following genesis. For a unimaginable small fraction of a second, matter was in a supradimentional shape, which had 3+1+N dimensions. With a topological faze transition, the N dimensions of matter take themselves apart from the space dimensions and time, eventually creating the apparition of a scalar field, wielded with a fantastic quantity of information, stocked under the shape of groups of mathematical symmetry. It is believed that the symmetry group SU(5) corresponds to the unification of all physical interactions possible. If the universe is a conservatory system, not only about substance and energy, but information, then all the diversity of actual information should come from the primordial symmetry SU(5) or, from a much larger group instead. It reaches the stage where big bang and here on, the universe, already formed, evolves in the relativist cosmological models. The mathematical formulation of the physical universe, having the actual composition, is done on the base of Einstein’s thinking. In a closed universe model, as so of a topological point of view, and energetico-informational, the quantity of substance, energy and information is constant. Global evolution is adiabatical, as so, if a region of the universe has proceses of degradation or vanishes, in other regions; there will be processes of organization and concentration. Dickens considered the physical universe a giant servo-system and some parameters that characterize evolution of a same ensemble. These parameters need to vary in a way of reciprocity conditioned to reassure the constant of

some functions which depend on those parameters. The universe works like a brain which auto-decides it’s components to conserve some characteristically properties. The information necessary for this auto-mind is done with the speed of light on the geodezical space-time curves which close themselves. The forming of the galaxies and stars cover a period of time. In the billiard worlds scattered in space everything develops progressively. The light of the stars confirms that nuclear evolution is going to be continued in all the galaxies. As such, molecules in space, fruits of interstellar chemistry, prove that these are found everywhere.

Gogu Constantinescu, the creator of the sonic theory, believed that the stable chemical elements respect the laws of the musical harmony; the isotopes are chemical elements dissonant, and the radiation sea. We can imagine an island of stability where the edges represent stabile chemical elements, the valley represents the isotopes, and the ocean represents the radiations. Somewhere in this ocean there is the magnetical viscosity, which represents a monster for the scientists, which are looking for the extra heavy materials. We can ask ourselves if the biological evolution will continue outside Earth. The other planets of the solar system look dry. But we find on some meteorites some amino-acids. Signs of life are found on now defrozen planetoids.

Life is a form of movement of matter in the universe, life is a manifestation of energy forms. The sitation in which the universe is found in this erra and at the temperature of 3K the universe will continue to expand for some time after which the following cases could happen: If the cosmic density is lower then the critical density then the universe will continue expanding. Otherwise, the expansion will stop because of a accelerated contradiction. The universe temperature will rise again, for billions of years, and the universe will then again go in a granular infinity state. Starting from the indestructible and inequitable character of matter, fact on which the knowledge given by exact science, tell that the beginning of the universe from the present theory doesn’t need to be interpreted in the strict sense of the word. The so called moment zero needs to be understood metaphorically, like a moment in the infinite flow, in the becoming of the universal indestructible matter, without beginning or and, with which compared to the infinite, was only referring to our corner of the universe, which man has managed to explore thus far. The energy universe remains untouched and keeps everything that belongs to it. Long periods of time don’t make it bigger, and age doesn’t make it small. It will always be what it always was. The energy universe is the sphere of whose center is everywhere, and it’s reach nowhere. The energy universe is presence, it is the creation of energy, of valor, it is permanent and coexistent. Weinberg’s book shows us how far we are today of the naïve cosmetologist of the mythologs, even before 20-30 years ago. Even so, how far we’re from the ultimate truth, of which search we can not refuse, even if we know more and more that the distance between us two will never be over.

THEORIES ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE

1.

According to the big bang theory, the Universe is in a continual expansion, the proof being the general movement of galaxies, the fact that their speeds rises at the same time with the distance it takes them apart and that increase of speed is always the same, no matter the speed. The question is if the expansion will continue or will stop one day to turn into a contraction.

There is a force that opposes expansion: gravitation. Matter attracts matter. The universe is looking to turn on itself. This attraction plays a crucial part in its behavior and becoming. If the attraction is strong enough, one day galaxies will stop expanding.

2.

Today we have enough reasons to believe that no material is forever. More precise the atoms of which stuff are formed will some day disintegrate. How? Atoms are formed of nucleons which are made of quarks. It seems that these quarks aren’t stabile, that they turn into radiation. It hasn’t been proven, but the experiments are in operation and the chances are high.

Even if normal atoms aren’t stable, they have a long life. They are estimated to hold 10³² years. Our planet looses in this rhythm aprox 1 g of matter every 20000 years, and the sun 20 g a year. But time passes and there will be a time, after some times 10³² years, when there will be no atoms, so no more solid structures.

The produce of this disintegration will end up by annihilation. They will go back to being light and neutrons.

Colegiul Tehnic de Comunicatii “Augustin Maior” – Cluj-Napoca

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