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Recent changes in regulations: April 11, 2014 (Federal Register Volume 79, No. 70)
[RIN 1218-AB67]
§§1926.6; 1926.97; 1926.500 and Subpart V have been amended to include new or revised provisions on host employers and contractors, training, job briefings, fall protection, insulation and working position of employees working on or near live parts, minimum approach distances, protection from electric arcs, deenergizing transmission and distribution lines and equipment, protective grounding, operating mechanical equipment near overhead power lines, and working in manholes and vaults. The final rule also revises the standards for electrical protective equipment. and foot protection (as it applies to employers performing work on electric power generation, transmission, and distribution installations, as well as employers in other industries).
September 18, 2014 (Federal Register Volume 79, No. 181)
[RIN 1218-AC50]
September 26, 2014 (Federal Register Volume 79, No. 187)
[RIN 1218-AC86]
§1904.2, 1904 Subpart B Appendix A, and 1904.39 have been amended to change the requirements for reporting work-related fatality, injury, and illness information to OSHA. The final rule amends the regulation to require employers to report all work-related inpatient hospitalizations, as well as amputations and losses of an eye, to OSHA within 24 hours of the event. The appendix has also been updated to contain more recent injury and illness data an includes a list of industry groups classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
§1926.1427 has been revised to extend OSHA’s deadline for employers to ensure that crane operators are certified by three years, until November 10, 2017. OSHA is also extending its employer duty to ensure that crane operators are competent to operate a crane safely for the same three-year period.
Disclaimer Although the author and publisher of this book have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, the author and publisher assume no liability with respect to loss or damage caused by or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information contained herein and disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied.
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Table of Contents
1903 - Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties §1903.1 §1903.2 §1903.3 §1903.4 §1903.5 §1903.6 §1903.7 §1903.8 §1903.9 §1903.10 §1903.11 §1903.12 §1903.13 §1903.14 §1903.14a §1903.15 §1903.16 §1903.17 §1903.18 §1903.19 §1903.20 §1903.21 §1903.22
Purpose and scope Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and applicable standards Authority for inspection Objection to inspection Entry not a waiver Advance notice of inspections Conduct of inspections Representatives of employers and employees Trade secrets Consultation with employees Complaints by employees Inspection not warranted; informal review Imminent danger Citations; notices of de minimis violations; policy regarding employee rescue activities Petitions for modification of abatement date Proposed penalties Posting of citations Employer and employee contests before the Review Commission Failure to correct a violation for which a citation has been issued Abatement verification Informal conferences State administration Definitions
§1904.3
§1904.2
Partial exemption for employers with 10 or fewer employees Partial exemption for establishments in certain industries
9
1 1 1 2 2 2
Subpart C – Recordkeeping Forms and Recording Criteria
2 3 3 3 3 3
§1904.4 §1904.5 §1904.6 §1904.7 §1904.8 §1904.9 §1904.10
4
§1904.11
4 4 5
§1904.29
5 5 5 8 8 8
Recording criteria Determination of work-relatedness 10 Determination of new cases General recording criteria Recording criteria for needlestick and sharps injuries Recording criteria for cases involving medical removal under OSHA standards Recording criteria for cases involving occupational hearing loss Recording criteria for work-related tuberculosis cases Forms
10 11 12 14 14 14 15 15
Subpart D – Other OSHA Injury and Illness Recordkeeping Requirements §1904.30 §1904.31 §1904.32 §1904.33 §1904.34 §1904.35 §1904.36 §1904.37 §1904.38
Multiple business establishments Covered employees Annual summary Retention and updating Change in business ownership Employee involvement Prohibition against discrimination State recordkeeping regulations Variances from the recordkeeping rule
16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17
Subpart E – Reporting Fatality, Injury and Illness Information to the Government 9
Subpart B – Scope §1904.1
Partially Exempt Industries (Non-Mandatory)
1
Subpart A – Purpose Purpose
9
Subpart B Appendix A
1904 - Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses §1904.0
Keeping records for more than one agency
§1904.39
§1904.40 9
§1904.41
9
§1904.42
Reporting fatalities, hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye as a result of work-related incidents to OSHA. Providing records to government representatives Annual OSHA injury and illness survey of ten or more employers Requests from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for data
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18 19 19 19
i
Subpart F – Transition From the Former Rule §1904.43 §1904.44 §1904.45
Summary and posting of the 2001 data 20 Retention and updating of old forms 20 OMB control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act 20
§1926.28 §1926.29 §1926.30 §1926.31 §1926.32 §1926.33 §1910.1020
Subpart G – Definitions §1904.46
Definitions
20
Selected 1910 General Industry Standards §1910.12 §1910.19 §1910.132 §1910.136 §1910.146 §1910.147 §1910.178 §1910.332 §1910.333 §1910.1030
Construction work Special provisions for air contaminants General requirements Foot protection Permit-required confined spaces The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout) Powered industrial trucks Training Selection and use of work practices Bloodborne pathogens
21 21 21 22 22 33 37 43 44 46
1926 Construction Industry Standards
§1926.34 §1926.35
§1926.1 §1926.2
Purpose and scope Variances from safety and health standards Inspections — right of entry Rules of practice for administrative adjudications for enforcement of safety and health standards OMB control numbers under the Paperwork Reduction Act Incorporation by reference
§1926.3 §1926.4 §1926.5 §1926.6
§1926.50 §1926.51 §1926.52 §1926.53 §1910.1096 §1926.54 §1926.55 §1926.56 §1926.57 §1926.58 §1926.59 §1910.1200 §1926.60 §1926.61
54
§1926.62 §1926.64
54 54
§1926.65 §1926.66
54 54 55
§1926.10 §1926.11
Scope of subpart Coverage under section 103 of the act distinguished Reorganization Plan No. 14 of 1950 Interpretation of statutory terms Federal contract for “mixed” types of performance Relationship to the Service Contract Act; Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act Rules of construction 62
§1926.12 §1926.13 §1926.14 §1926.15 §1926.16
58 58 58 61 62 62
Subpart C – General Safety and Health Provisions §1926.20 §1926.21 §1926.23 §1926.24 §1926.25 §1926.26 §1926.27
ii
General safety and health provisions Safety training and education First aid and medical attention Fire protection and prevention Housekeeping Illumination Sanitation
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63 63 63 63 63 64 64
64 64 69 70
Medical services and first aid 71 Sanitation 71 Occupational noise exposure 72 Ionizing radiation 72 Ionizing radiation 72 Nonionizing radiation 77 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists 77 Illumination 83 Ventilation 83 [Reserved] 95 Hazard communication 95 Hazard communication 95 Methylenedianiline 141 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels 148 Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels 148 Lead 148 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals 166 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response 177 Criteria for design and construction of spray booths 201
Subpart E – Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment §1926.95
Subpart B – General Interpretations
64 64 64 64 64
Subpart D – Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
§1910.1201
Subpart A – General
Personal protective equipment Acceptable certifications Shipbuilding and ship repairing [Reserved] Definitions Access to employee exposure and medical records Access to employee exposure and medical records Means of egress Employee emergency action plans
§1926.96 §1926.97 §1926.100 §1926.101 §1926.102 §1926.103 §1910.134 §1926.104 §1926.105 §1926.106 §1926.107
Criteria for personal protective equipment Occupational foot protection Electrical protective equipment. Head protection Hearing protection Eye and face protection Respiratory protection Respiratory protection Safety belts, lifelines, and lanyards Safety nets Working over or near water Definitions applicable to this subpart
205 205 205 207 208 208 209 209 223 223 224 224
Subpart F – Fire Protection and Prevention §1926.150 §1926.151 §1926.152 §1926.153 §1926.154 §1926.155
Fire protection Fire prevention Flammable liquids Liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) Temporary heating devices Definitions applicable to this subpart
225 226 226 235 236 237
Subpart G – Signs, Signals, and Barricades Accident prevention signs and tags Signaling Barricades Definitions applicable to this subpart
§1926.450 238 238 238 238
Subpart H – Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal §1926.250 §1926.251 §1926.252
General requirements for storage Rigging equipment for material handling Disposal of waste materials
§1926.451 §1926.452 §1926.453 §1926.454 Appendix A Appendix B
239 239 241
Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E
Subpart I – Tools Hand and Power §1926.300 §1926.301 §1926.302 §1926.303 §1926.304 §1926.305 §1926.306 §1926.307
General requirements Hand tools Power-operated hand tools Abrasive wheels and tools Woodworking tools Jacks — lever and ratchet, screw, and hydraulic Air receivers Mechanical power-transmission apparatus
242 243 243 244 244
§1926.354
Gas welding and cutting Arc welding and cutting Fire prevention Ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating Welding, cutting, and heating in way of preservative coatings
§1926.500
245 245
§1926.501 §1926.502
245
§1926.503 Appendix A Appendix B
249 250 250
Appendix C Appendix D
251
Appendix E
§1926.406 §1926.407 §1926.408 §§1926.4091926.415 1926.416 §1926.417 §§1926.4181926.430 §1926.431 §1926.432 §§1926.4331926.440 §1926.441 §§1926.4421926.448 §1926.449
268 269 275 278 279 279
283 283 283 284
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart Duty to have fall protection Fall protection systems criteria and practices Training requirements Determining Roof Widths Guardrail Systems Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with §1926.502(b) Personal Fall Arrest Systems Positioning Device Systems — Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying With §1926.502(e) Sample Fall Protection Plan
286 287 288 292 293 294 294 297 297
252
Subpart N – Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
Subpart K – Electrical §1926.400 §1926.401 §1926.402 §1926.403 §1926.404 §1926.405
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Subpart M – Fall Protection
Subpart J – Welding and Cutting §1926.350 §1926.351 §1926.352 §1926.353
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart General requirements Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds Aerial lifts Training requirements Scaffold Specifications (Non-mandatory) Criteria for Determining the Feasibility of Providing Safe Access and Fall Protection for Scaffold Erectors and Dismantlers (Non-mandatory) List of National Consensus Standards (Non-mandatory) List of Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors Drawings and Illustrations (Non-mandatory)
§1926.550 §1926.551 §1926.552
[Reserved] Helicopters Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators Base-mounted drum hoists Overhead hoists Conveyors
Introduction [Reserved] Applicability General requirements Wiring design and protection Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use Specific purpose equipment and installations Hazardous (classified) locations Special systems
253 253 253 253 255
[Reserved] General requirements Lockout and tagging of circuits
263 263 264
[Reserved] Maintenance of equipment Environmental deterioration of equipment
264 264 264
§1926.600 §1926.601 §1926.602 §1926.603 §1926.604 §1926.605 §1926.606
[Reserved] Batteries and battery charging
264 264
Subpart P – Excavations
[Reserved] Definitions applicable to this subpart
264 264
258 261 262 262
§1926.553 §1926.554 §1926.555
305 305 306 307 307 307
Subpart O – Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations
§1926.650 §1926.651
Equipment Motor vehicles Material handling equipment Pile driving equipment Site clearing Marine operations and equipment Definitions applicable to this subpart
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart Specific excavation requirements
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308 308 309 311 311 311 312
313 313
iii
Table of Contents
§1926.200 §1926.201 §1926.202 §1926.203
Subpart L – Scaffolds
§1926.652 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F
Requirements for protective systems Soil Classification Sloping and Benching Timber Shoring for Trenches Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches Alternatives to Timber Shoring Selection of Protective Systems
315 316 318 319 322 325 326
Subpart Q – Concrete and Masonry Construction §1926.700 §1926.701 §1926.702 §1926.703 §1926.704 §1926.705 §1926.706 Appendix A
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart General requirements Requirements for equipment and tools Requirements for cast-in-place concrete Requirements for precast concrete Requirements for lift-slab construction operations Requirements for masonry construction References to Subpart Q of Part 1926
§1926.753 §1926.754 §1926.755 §1926.756 §1926.757 §1926.758 §1926.759 §1926.760 §1926.761 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D
Appendix E Appendix F
Appendix G Appendix H
iv
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Scope Definitions Site layout, site-specific erection plan and construction sequence Hoisting and rigging Structural steel assembly Column anchorage Beams and columns Open web steel joists Systems-engineered metal buildings Falling object protection Fall protection Training Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying with §1926.752(e). [Reserved] Illustrations of Bridging Terminus Points Illustration of the Use of Control Lines To Demarcate Controlled Decking Zones (CDZs): Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying With §1926.760(c)(3) Training: Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying with §1926.761 Perimeter Columns: Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with §1926.756(e) To Protect the Unprotected Side or Edge of a Walking/Working Surface §1926.502 (b)-(e) Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices Double Connections: Illustration of a Clipped End Connection and a Staggered Connection: Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with §1926.756(c)(1)
§1926.800 §1926.801 §1926.802 §1926.803 §1926.804 Appendix A
Underground construction Caissons Cofferdams Compressed air Definitions applicable to this subpart Decompression Tables
344 350 350 350 354 354
Subpart T – Demolition 328 328 328
§1926.850 §1926.851 §1926.852 §1926.853
329 329
§1926.854
329
§1926.855 §1926.856
330 331
Subpart R – Steel Erection §1926.750 §1926.751 §1926.752
Subpart S – Underground Construction, Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air
332 332 333 333 334 335 335 336 337 338 338 338 338 339 339
§1926.857 §1926.858 §1926.859 §1926.860
Preparatory operations 362 Stairs, passageways, and ladders 362 Chutes 362 Removal of materials through floor openings 362 Removal of walls, masonry sections, and chimneys 362 Manual removal of floors 363 Removal of walls, floors, and material with equipment 363 Storage 363 Removal of steel construction 363 Mechanical demolition 363 Selective demolition by explosives 363
Subpart U – Blasting and the Use of Explosives §1926.900 §1926.901 §1926.902 §1926.903 §1926.904 §1926.905 §1926.906
General provisions Blaster qualifications Surface transportation of explosives Underground transportation of explosives Storage of explosives and blasting agents Loading of explosives or blasting agents Initiation of explosive charges — electric blasting Use of safety fuse Use of detonating cord Firing the blast Inspection after blasting Misfires Underwater blasting Blasting in excavation work under compressed air Definitions applicable to this subpart
341
§1926.907 §1926.908 §1926.909 §1926.910 §1926.911 §1926.912 §1926.913
341
§1926.914
341
Subpart V – Power Transmission and Distribution
341
343
§1926.950 §1926.951 §1926.952 §1926.953 §1926.954 §1926.955 §1926.956 §1926.957 §1926.958 §1926.959 §1926.960
General. Medical services and first aid. Job briefing. Enclosed spaces. Personal protective equipment. Portable ladders and platforms. Hand and portable power equipment. Live-line tools. Materials handling and storage. Mechanical equipment. Working on or near exposed energized parts.
364 365 365 365 366 366 366 367 367 367 367 367 368 368 368
370 371 371 371 372 373 373 374 374 374 375
§1926.961
§1926.963 §1926.964 §1926.965 §1926.966 §1926.967 §1926.968 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G
378 379 379 380 382 383 383 384 386 386 392 396 396 400 401
§1926.1001
§1926.1002
§1926.1003 Appendix A
Rollover protective structures (ROPS) for material handling equipment Minimum performance criteria for rollover protective structures for designated scrapers, loaders, dozers, graders, and crawler tractors. Protective frames (roll-over protective structures, known as ROPS) for wheel-type agricultural and industrial tractors used in construction Overhead protection for operators of agricultural and industrial tractors used in construction Figures W-14 through W-28
§1926.1051 §1926.1052 §1926.1053 §1926.1060 Appendix A
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart General requirements Stairways Ladders Training requirements Ladders
402
405 408 408
411 411 411 412 414 414
Subpart Y – Diving §1926.1071 §1910.401 §1926.1072 §1910.402 §1926.1076 §1910.410 §1926.1080 §1910.420 §1926.1081 §1910.421 §1926.1082 §1910.422
Scope and application Scope and application Definitions Definitions Qualifications of dive team Qualifications of dive team Safe practices manual Safe practices manual Pre-dive procedures Pre-dive procedures Procedures during dive Procedures during dive
Post-dive procedures Post-dive procedures SCUBA diving SCUBA diving Surface-supplied air diving Surface-supplied air diving Mixed-gas diving Mixed-gas diving Liveboating Liveboating Equipment Equipment Recordkeeping requirements Recordkeeping requirements
417 417 418 418 418 418 419 419 419 419 419 419 420 420
Examples of Conditions Which May Restrict or Limit Exposure to Hyperbaric Conditions
421
Examples of Conditions Which May Restrict or Limit Exposure to Hyperbaric Conditions
421
Guidelines for Scientific Diving
421
Guidelines for Scientific Diving
421
402
Subpart X – Stairways and Ladders §1926.1050
Subpart T Appendix A Subpart Y Appendix B Subpart T Appendix B
Subpart W – Rollover Protective Structures; Overhead Protection §1926.1000
§1926.1083 §1910.423 §1926.1084 §1910.424 §1926.1085 §1910.425 §1926.1086 §1910.426 §1926.1087 §1910.427 §1926.1090 §1910.430 §1926.1091 §1910.440 Subpart Y Appendix A
415 415 415 415 416 416 416 416 416 416 417 417
Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances §1926.1101 §1926.1102 §1910.1002 §1926.1103 §1910.1003 §1926.1104 §1926.1106 §1926.1107 §1926.1108 §1926.1109 §1926.1110 §1926.1111 §1926.1112 §1926.1113 §1926.1114 §1926.1115 §1926.1116 §1926.1117 §1926.1118 §1910.1018 §1926.1126 §1926.1127 §1926.1128 §1910.1028 §1926.1129 §1926.1144 §1926.1145 §1926.1147 §1926.1148 §1910.1048 §1926.1152 §1910.1052
Asbestos Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term 13 carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.) 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.) alpha-Naphthylamine Methyl chloromethyl ether 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidiene (and its salts) bis-Chloromethyl ether beta-Naphthylamine Benzidine 4-Aminodiphenyl Ethyleneimine beta-Propiolactone 2-Acetylaminofluorene 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene N-Nitrosodimethylamine Vinyl chloride Inorganic arsenic Inorganic arsenic Chromium (VI) Cadmium Benzene Benzene Coke oven emissions 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane Acrylonitrile Ethylene oxide Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Methylene chloride Methylene Chloride
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422 452 452 452 452 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 455 456 456 456 462 465 474 474 485 485 485 485 485 485 498 498
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§1926.962
Deenergizing lines and equipment for employee protection. Grounding for the protection of employees. Testing and test facilities. Overhead lines and live-line barehand work. Underground electrical installations. Substations. Special conditions. Definitions. [Reserved] Working on Exposed Energized Parts Protection From Hazardous Differences in Electric Potential Methods of Inspecting and Testing Wood Poles Protection From Flames and Electric Arcs Work-Positioning Equipment Inspection Guidelines Reference Documents
Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction §1926.1400 §1926.1401 §1926.1402 §1926.1403 §1926.1404 §1926.1405
§1926.1406 §1926.1407 §1926.1408 §1926.1409 §1926.1410 §1926.1411 §1926.1412 §1926.1413 §1926.1414 §1926.1415 §1926.1416 §1926.1417 §1926.1418 §1926.1419 §1926.1420 §1926.1421 §1926.1422 §1926.1423 §1926.1424 §1926.1425 §1926.1426 §1926.1427 §1926.1428
vi
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Scope Definitions Ground conditions Assembly/Disassembly — selection of manufacturer or employer procedures Assembly/Disassembly — general requirements (applies to all assembly and disassembly operations) Disassembly — additional requirements for dismantling of booms and jibs (applies to both the use of manufacturer procedures and employer procedures) Assembly/Disassembly — employer procedures — general requirements Power line safety (up to 350 kV) — assembly and disassembly Power line safety (up to 350 kV) — equipment operations Power line safety (over 350 kV) Power line safety (all voltages) — equipment operations closer than the Table A zone Power line safety — while traveling under or near power lines with no load Inspections Wire rope — inspection Wire rope — selection and installation criteria Safety devices Operational aids Operation Authority to stop operation Signals — general requirements Signals — radio, telephone or other electronic transmission of signals Signals — voice signals — additional requirements Signals — hand signal chart Fall protection Work area control Keeping clear of the load Free fall and controlled load lowering Operator qualification and certification Signal person qualifications
§1926.1429 511 511 514 514 514
515 515 516 516 517
§1926.1430 §1926.1431 §1926.1432 §1926.1433 §1926.1434 §1926.1435 §1926.1436 §1926.1437 §1926.1438 §1926.1439 §1926.1440 §1926.1441 §1926.1442 Appendix A Appendix B
518
Appendix C
519 519 521
Addendum General Duty Clause Multi-employer Citation Policy Instructions for 300A Sharps Injury Log It’s the Law! Mandatory Posting Safety and Health Management Guidelines Materials Approved for Incorporation by Reference States with Approved PlansState Office Directory
522 523 523 524 525 525 526 526 526 526 527 527 528 528 530
Qualifications of maintenance & repair employees Training Hoisting personnel Multiple-crane/derrick lifts — supplemental requirements Design, construction and testing Equipment modifications Tower cranes Derricks Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges Overhead & gantry cranes Dedicated pile drivers Sideboom cranes Equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less Severability Standard Hand Signals Assembly/Disassembly: Sample Procedures for Minimizing the Risk of Unintended Dangerous Boom Movement Operator Certification: Written Examination
Index
530 530 531 534 535 536 536 539 541 543 543 544 544 544 545
546 546
549 549 550 551 552 553 554 556
557
1903 - Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
Part 1903 – Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
§1903.1 Purpose and scope
§1903.2 Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and applicable standards (a) (1) Each employer shall post and keep posted a notice or notices, to be furnished by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, informing employees of the protections and obligations provided for in the Act, and that for assistance and information, including copies of the Act and of specific safety and health standards, employees should contact the employer or the nearest office of the Department of Labor. Such notice or notices shall be posted by the employer in each establishment in a conspicuous place or places where notices to employees are customarily posted. Each employer shall take steps to insure that such notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by other material.[§1903.2(a)(1)] (2) Where a State has an approved poster informing employees of their protections and obligations as defined in §1952.10 of this chapter, such poster, when posted by employers covered by the State plan, shall constitute compliance with the posting requirements of section 8(c)(1) of the Act. Employers whose operations are not within the issues covered by the State plan must comply with paragraph (a)(1) of this section.[§1903.2(a)(2)] (3) Reproductions or facsimiles of such Federal or State posters shall constitute compliance with the posting requirements of section 8(c)(1) of the Act where such reproductions or facsimiles are at least 81⁄2 inches by 14 inches, and the printing size is at least 10 pt. Whenever the size of the poster increases, the size of the print shall also increase accordingly. The caption or heading on the poster shall be in large type, generally not less than 36 pt.[§1903.2(a)(3)] (b) Establishment means a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. (For example: A factory, mill, store, hotel, restaurant, movie theatre, farm, ranch, bank, sales office, warehouse, or central administrative office.) Where distinctly separate activities are performed at a single physical location (such as contract construction activities from the same physical location as a lumber yard), each activity shall be treated as a separate physical establishment, and a separate notice or notices shall be posted in each such establishment, to the extent that such notices have been furnished by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Where employers are engaged in activities which are physically dispersed, such as agriculture, construction, transportation, communications, and electric, gas and sanitary services, the notice or notices required by this section shall be posted at the location to which employees report each day. Where employees do not usually work at, or report to, a single establishment, such as longshoremen, traveling salesmen, technicians,
engineers, etc., such notice or notices shall be posted at the location from which the employees operate to carry out their activities. In all cases, such notice or notices shall be posted in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.[§1903.2(b)] (c) Copies of the Act, all regulations published in this chapter and all applicable standards will be available at all Area Offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. If an employer has obtained copies of these materials, he shall make them available upon request to any employee or his authorized representative for review in the establishment where the employee is employed on the same day the request is made or at the earliest time mutually convenient to the employee or his authorized representative and the employer.[§1903.2(c)] (d) Any employer failing to comply with the provisions of this section shall be subject to citation and penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 17 of the Act.[§1903.2(d)] 1903
[36 FR 17850, Sept. 4, 1971, as amended at 39 FR 39036, Nov. 5, 1974]
§1903.3 Authority for inspection (a) Compliance Safety and Health Officers of the Department of Labor are authorized to enter without delay and at reasonable times any factory, plant, establishment, construction site, or other area, workplace or environment where work is performed by an employee of an employer; to inspect and investigate during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, any such place of employment, and all pertinent conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment and materials therein; to question privately any employer, owner, operator, agent or employee; and to review records required by the Act and regulations published in this chapter, and other records which are directly related to the purpose of the inspection. Representatives of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare are authorized to make inspections and to question employers and employees in order to carry out the functions of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under the Act. Inspections conducted by Department of Labor Compliance Safety and Health Officers and representatives of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under section 8 of the Act and pursuant to this part 1903 shall not affect the authority of any State to conduct inspections in accordance with agreements and plans under section 18 of the Act.[§1903.3(a)] (b) Prior to inspecting areas containing information which is classified by an agency of the United States Government in the interest of national security, Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall have obtained the appropriate security clearance.[§1903.3(b)]
§1903.4 Objection to inspection (a) Upon a refusal to permit the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, in exercise of his official duties, to enter without delay and at reasonable times any place of employment or any place therein, to inspect, to review records, or to question any employer, owner, operator, agent, or employee, in accordance with §1903.3 or to permit a representative of employees to accompany the Compliance Safety and Health Officer during the physical inspection of any workplace in accordance with §1903.8, the Safety and Health Officer shall terminate the inspection or confine the inspection to other areas, conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment, materials, records, or interviews concerning which no objection is raised. The Compliance Safety and Health Officer shall endeavor to ascertain the reason for such refusal, and shall immediately report the refusal and the reason therefor to the Area Director. The Area Director shall consult with the Regional Solicitor, who shall take appropriate action, including compulsory process, if necessary.[§1903.4(a)] (b) Compulsory process shall be sought in advance of an attempted inspection or investigation if, in the judgment of the Area Director and the Regional Solicitor, circumstances exist which make such preinspection process desirable or necessary. Some examples of circumstances in which it may be desirable or necessary to seek compulsory process in advance of an attempt to inspect or investigate include (but are not limited to):[§1903.4(b)] (1) When the employer's past practice either implicitly or explicitly puts the Secretary on notice that a warrantless inspection will not be allowed;[§1903.4(b)(1)] (2) When an inspection is scheduled far from the local office and procuring a warrant prior to leaving to conduct the inspection would avoid, in case of refusal of entry, the expenditure of significant time and resources to return to the office, obtain a warrant and return to the worksite;[§1903.4(b)(2)]
1
Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
The Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1590 et seq., 29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.) requires, in part, that every employer covered under the Act furnish to his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees. The Act also requires that employers comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Act, and that employees comply with standards, rules, regulations and orders issued under the Act which are applicable to their own actions and conduct. The Act authorizes the Department of Labor to conduct inspections, and to issue citations and proposed penalties for alleged violations. The Act, under section 20(b), also authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to conduct inspections and to question employers and employees in connection with research and other related activities. The Act contains provisions for adjudication of violations, periods prescribed for the abatement of violations, and proposed penalties by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, if contested by an employer or by an employee or authorized representative of employees, and for judicial review. The purpose of this part 1903 is to prescribe rules and to set forth general policies for enforcement of the inspection, citation, and proposed penalty provisions of the Act. In situations where this part 1903 sets forth general enforcement policies rather than substantive or procedural rules, such policies may be modified in specific circumstances where the Secretary or his designee determines that an alternative course of action would better serve the objectives of the Act.[§1903.1]
§1903.4 (b)
§1903.5
1903 - Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
(3) When an inspection includes the use of special equipment or when the presence of an expert or experts is needed in order to properly conduct the inspection, and procuring a warrant prior to an attempt to inspect would alleviate the difficulties or costs encountered in coordinating the availability of such equipment or expert.[§1903.4(b)(3)] (c) With the approval of the Regional Administrator and the Regional Solicitor, compulsory process may also be obtained by the Area Director or his designee.[§1903.4(c)] (d) For purposes of this section, the term compulsory process shall mean the institution of any appropriate action, including ex parte application for an inspection warrant or its equivalent. Ex parte inspection warrants shall be the preferred form of compulsory process in all circumstances where compulsory process is relied upon to seek entry to a workplace under this section.[§1903.4(d)] [45 FR 65923, Oct. 3, 1980]
§1903.5 Entry not a waiver Any permission to enter, inspect, review records, or question any person, shall not imply or be conditioned upon a waiver of any cause of action, citation, or penalty under the Act. Compliance Safety and Health Officers are not authorized to grant any such waiver.[§1903.5]
§1903.6 Advance notice of inspections (a) Advance notice of inspections may not be given, except in the following situations:[§1903.6(a)] (1) In cases of apparent imminent danger, to enable the employer to abate the danger as quickly as possible;[§1903.6(a)(1)] (2) In circumstances where the inspection can most effectively be conducted after regular business hours or where special preparations are necessary for an inspection;[§1903.6(a)(2)] (3) Where necessary to assure the presence of representatives of the employer and employees or the appropriate personnel needed to aid in the inspection; and[§1903.6(a)(3)] (4) In other circumstances where the Area Director determines that the giving of advance notice would enhance the probability of an effective and thorough inspection.[§1903.6(a)(4)] (b) In the situations described in paragraph (a) of this section, advance notice of inspections may be given only if authorized by the Area Director, except that in cases of apparent imminent danger, advance notice may be given by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer without such authorization if the Area Director is not immediately available. When advance notice is given, it shall be the employer's responsibility promptly to notify the authorized representative of employees of the inspection, if the identity of such representative is known to the employer. (See §1903.8(b) as to situations where there is no authorized representative of employees.) Upon the request of the employer, the Compliance Safety and Health Officer will inform the authorized representative of employees of the inspection, provided that the employer furnishes the Compliance Safety and Health Officer with the identity of such representative and with such other information as is necessary to enable him promptly to inform such representative of the inspection. An employer who fails to comply with his obligation under this paragraph promptly to inform the authorized representative of employees of the inspection or to furnish such information as is necessary to enable the Compliance Safety and Health Officer promptly to inform such representative of the inspection, may be subject to citation and penalty under section 17(c) of the Act. Advance notice in any of the situations described in paragraph (a) of this section shall not be given more than 24 hours before the inspection is scheduled to be conducted, except in apparent imminent danger situations and in other unusual circumstances.[§1903.6(b)] (c) The Act provides in section 17(f) that any person who gives advance notice of any inspection to be conducted under the Act, without authority from the Secretary or his designees, shall, upon conviction, be punished by fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months, or by both.[§1903.6(c)]
§1903.7 Conduct of inspections (a) Subject to the provisions of §1903.3, inspections shall take place at such times and in such places of employment as the Area Director or the Compliance Safety and Health Officer may direct. At the beginning of an inspection, Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall present their credentials to the owner, operator, or
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agent in charge at the establishment; explain the nature and purpose of the inspection; and indicate generally the scope of the inspection and the records specified in §1903.3 which they wish to review. However, such designation of records shall not preclude access to additional records specified in §1903.3.[§1903.7(a)] (b) Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall have authority to take environmental samples and to take or obtain photographs related to the purpose of the inspection, employ other reasonable investigative techniques, and question privately any employer, owner, operator, agent or employee of an establishment. (See §1903.9 on trade secrets.) As used herein, the term employ other reasonable investigative techniques includes, but is not limited to, the use of devices to measure employee exposures and the attachment of personal sampling equipment such as dosimeters, pumps, badges and other similar devices to employees in order to monitor their exposures.[§1903.7(b)] (c) In taking photographs and samples, Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall take reasonable precautions to insure that such actions with flash, spark-producing, or other equipment would not be hazardous. Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall comply with all employer safety and health rules and practices at the establishment being inspected, and they shall wear and use appropriate protective clothing and equipment.[§1903.7(c)] (d) The conduct of inspections shall be such as to preclude unreasonable disruption of the operations of the employer's establishment.[§1903.7(d)] (e) At the conclusion of an inspection, the Compliance Safety and Health Officer shall confer with the employer or his representative and informally advise him of any apparent safety or health violations disclosed by the inspection. During such conference, the employer shall be afforded an opportunity to bring to the attention of the Compliance Safety and Health Officer any pertinent information regarding conditions in the workplace.[§1903.7(e)] (f) Inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of this part.[§1903.7(f)] [36 FR 17850, Sept. 14, 1971, as amended at 47 FR 6533, Feb. 12, 1982; 47 FR 55481, Dec. 10, 1982]
§1903.8 Representatives of employers and employees (a) Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall be in charge of inspections and questioning of persons. A representative of the employer and a representative authorized by his employees shall be given an opportunity to accompany the Compliance Safety and Health Officer during the physical inspection of any workplace for the purpose of aiding such inspection. A Compliance Safety and Health Officer may permit additional employer representatives and additional representatives authorized by employees to accompany him where he determines that such additional representatives will further aid the inspection. A different employer and employee representative may accompany the Compliance Safety and Health Officer during each different phase of an inspection if this will not interfere with the conduct of the inspection.[§1903.8(a)] (b) Compliance Safety and Health Officers shall have authority to resolve all disputes as to who is the representative authorized by the employer and employees for the purpose of this section. If there is no authorized representative of employees, or if the Compliance Safety and Health Officer is unable to determine with reasonable certainty who is such representative, he shall consult with a reasonable number of employees concerning matters of safety and health in the workplace.[§1903.8(b)] (c) The representative(s) authorized by employees shall be an employee(s) of the employer. However, if in the judgment of the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, good cause has been shown why accompaniment by a third party who is not an employee of the employer (such as an industrial hygienist or a safety engineer) is reasonably necessary to the conduct of an effective and thorough physical inspection of the workplace, such third party may accompany the Compliance Safety and Health Officer during the inspection.[§1903.8(c)] (d) Compliance Safety and Health Officers are authorized to deny the right of accompaniment under this section to any person whose conduct interferes with a fair and orderly inspection. The right of accompaniment in areas containing trade secrets shall be subject to the provisions of §1903.9(d). With regard to information classified by an agency of the U.S. Government in the interest of national security, only persons authorized to have access to such information may accompany a Compliance Safety and Health Officer in areas containing such information.[§1903.8(d)]
Imminent danger
§1903.9 Trade secrets
[§1903.9(b)]
(c) At the commencement of an inspection, the employer may identify areas in the establishment which contain or which might reveal a trade secret. If the Compliance Safety and Health Officer has no clear reason to question such identification, information obtained in such areas, including all negatives and prints of photographs, and environmental samples, shall be labeled “confidential — trade secret” and shall not be disclosed except in accordance with the provisions of section 15 of the Act.[§1903.9(c)] (d) Upon the request of an employer, any authorized representative of employees under §1903.8 in an area containing trade secrets shall be an employee in that area or an employee authorized by the employer to enter that area. Where there is no such representative or employee, the Compliance Safety and Health Officer shall consult with a reasonable number of employees who work in that area concerning matters of safety and health. [§1903.9(d)]
§1903.10 Consultation with employees Compliance Safety and Health Officers may consult with employees concerning matters of occupational safety and health to the extent they deem necessary for the conduct of an effective and thorough inspection. During the course of an inspection, any employee shall be afforded an opportunity to bring any violation of the Act which he has reason to believe exists in the workplace to the attention of the Compliance Safety and Health Officer.[§1903.10]
§1903.11 Complaints by employees (a) Any employee or representative of employees who believe that a violation of the Act exists in any workplace where such employee is employed may request an inspection of such workplace by giving notice of the alleged violation to the Area Director or to a Compliance Safety and Health Officer. Any such notice shall be reduced to writing, shall set forth with reasonable particularity the grounds for the notice, and shall be signed by the employee or representative of employees. A copy shall be provided the employer or his agent by the Area Director or Compliance Safety and Health Officer no later than at the time of inspection, except that, upon the request of the person giving
such notice, his name and the names of individual employees referred to therein shall not appear in such copy or on any record published, released, or made available by the Department of Labor.[§1903.11(a)] (b) If upon receipt of such notification the Area Director determines that the complaint meets the requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, and that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the alleged violation exists, he shall cause an inspection to be made as soon as practicable, to determine if such alleged violation exists. Inspections under this section shall not be limited to matters referred to in the complaint.[§1903.11(b)] (c) Prior to or during any inspection of a workplace, any employee or representative of employees employed in such workplace may notify the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, in writing, of any violation of the Act which they have reason to believe exists in such workplace. Any such notice shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.[§1903.11(c)] (d) Section 11(c)(1) of the Act provides: “No person shall discharge or in any manner discriminate against any employee because such employee has filed any complaint or instituted or caused to be instituted any proceeding under or related to this Act or has testified or is about to testify in any such proceeding or because of the exercise by such employee on behalf of himself or others of any right afforded by this Act.”[§1903.11(d)] (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1218-0064)[§1903.11(d)] [36 FR 17850, Sept. 4, 1973, as amended at 54 FR 24333, June 7, 1989]
§1903.12 Inspection not warranted; informal review (a) If the Area Director determines that an inspection is not warranted because there are no reasonable grounds to believe that a violation or danger exists with respect to a complaint under §1903.11, he shall notify the complaining party in writing of such determination. The complaining party may obtain review of such determination by submitting a written statement of position with the Assistant Regional Director and, at the same time, providing the employer with a copy of such statement by certified mail. The employer may submit an opposing written statement of position with the Assistant Regional Director and, at the same time, provide the complaining party with a copy of such statement by certified mail. Upon the request of the complaining party or the employer, the Assistant Regional Director, at his discretion, may hold an informal conference in which the complaining party and the employer may orally present their views. After considering all written and oral views presented, the Assistant Regional Director shall affirm, modify, or reverse the determination of the Area Director and furnish the complaining party and the employer and written notification of this decision and the reasons therefor. The decision of the Assistant Regional Director shall be final and not subject to further review.[§1903.12(a)] (b) If the Area Director determines that an inspection is not warranted because the requirements of §1903.11(a) have not been met, he shall notify the complaining party in writing of such determination. Such determination shall be without prejudice to the filing of a new complaint meeting the requirements of §1903.11(a). [§1903.12(b)]
§1903.13 Imminent danger Whenever and as soon as a Compliance Safety and Health Officer concludes on the basis of an inspection that conditions or practices exist in any place of employment which could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be eliminated through the enforcement procedures otherwise provided by the Act, he shall inform the affected employees and employers of the danger and that he is recommending a civil action to restrain such conditions or practices and for other appropriate relief in accordance with the provisions of section 13(a) of the Act. Appropriate citations and notices of proposed penalties may be issued with respect to an imminent danger even though, after being informed of such danger by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, the employer immediately eliminates the imminence of the danger and initiates steps to abate such danger. [§1903.13]
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1903 Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
(a) Section 15 of the Act provides: “All information reported to or otherwise obtained by the Secretary or his representative in connection with any inspection or proceeding under this Act which contains or which might reveal a trade secret referred to in section 1905 of title 18 of the United States Code shall be considered confidential for the purpose of that section, except that such information may be disclosed to other officers or employees concerned with carrying out this Act or when relevant in any proceeding under this Act. In any such proceeding the Secretary, the Commission, or the court shall issue such orders as may be appropriate to protect the confidentiality of trade secrets.” Section 15 of the Act is considered a statute within the meaning of section 552(b)(3) of title 5 of the United States Code, which exempts from the disclosure requirements matters that are “specifically exempted from disclosure by statute.”[§1903.9(a)] (b) Section 1905 of title 18 of the United States Code provides: “Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, publishes, divulges, discloses, or makes known in any manner or to any extent not authorized by law any information coming to him in the course of his employment or official duties or by reason of any examination or investigation made by, or return, report or record made to or filed with, such department or agency or officer or employee thereof, which information concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of work, or apparatus, or to the identity, confidential statistical data, amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association; or permits any income return or copy thereof or any book containing any abstract or particulars thereof to be seen or examined by any person except as provided by law; shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both; and shall be removed from office or employment.”
§1903.13 (b)
§1903.14
1903 - Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
§1903.14 Citations; notices of de minimis violations; policy regarding employee rescue activities (a) The Area Director shall review the inspection report of the Compliance Safety and Health Officer. If, on the basis of the report the Area Director believes that the employer has violated a requirement of section 5 of the Act, of any standard, rule or order promulgated pursuant to section 6 of the Act, or of any substantive rule published in this chapter, he shall, if appropriate, consult with the Regional Solicitor, and he shall issue to the employer either a citation or a notice of de minimis violations which have no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health. An appropriate citation or notice of de minimis violations shall be issued even though after being informed of an alleged violation by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, the employer immediately abates, or initiates steps to abate, such alleged violation. Any citation or notice of de minimis violations shall be issued with reasonable promptness after termination of the inspection. No citation may be issued under this section after the expiration of 6 months following the occurrence of any alleged violation.[§1903.14(a)] (b) Any citation shall describe with particularity the nature of the alleged violation, including a reference to the provision(s) of the Act, standard, rule, regulation, or order alleged to have been violated. Any citation shall also fix a reasonable time or times for the abatement of the alleged violation.[§1903.14(b)] (c) If a citation or notice of de minimis violations is issued for a violation alleged in a request for inspection under §1903.11(a) or a notification of violation under §1903.11(c), a copy of the citation or notice of de minimis violations shall also be sent to the employee or representative of employees who made such request or notification. [§1903.14(c)]
(d) After an inspection, if the Area Director determines that a citation is not warranted with respect to a danger or violation alleged to exist in a request for inspection under §1903.11(a) or a notification of violation under §1903.11(c), the informal review procedures prescribed in §1903.12(a) shall be applicable. After considering all views presented, the Assistant Regional Director shall affirm the determination of the Area Director, order a reinspection, or issue a citation if he believes that the inspection disclosed a violation. The Assistant Regional Director shall furnish the complaining party and the employer with written notification of his determination and the reasons therefor. The determination of the Assistant Regional Director shall be final and not subject to review.[§1903.14(d)] (e) Every citation shall state that the issuance of a citation does not constitute a finding that a violation of the Act has occurred unless there is a failure to contest as provided for in the Act or, if contested, unless the citation is affirmed by the Review Commission.[§1903.14(e)] (f) No citation may be issued to an employer because of a rescue activity undertaken by an employee of that employer with respect to an individual in imminent danger unless:[§1903.14(f)] (1) (i) Such employee is designated or assigned by the employer to have responsibility to perform or assist in rescue operations, and[§1903.14(f)(1)(i)] (ii) The employer fails to provide protection of the safety and health of such employee, including failing to provide appropriate training and rescue equipment; or[§1903.14(f)(1)(ii)] (2) (i) Such employee is directed by the employer to perform rescue activities in the course of carrying out the employee's job duties, and[§1903.14(f)(2)(i)] (ii) The employer fails to provide protection of the safety and health of such employee, including failing to provide appropriate training and rescue equipment; or[§1903.14(f)(2)(ii)] (3) (i) Such employee is employed in a workplace that requires the employee to carry out duties that are directly related to a workplace operation where the likelihood of life-threatening accidents is foreseeable, such as a workplace operation where employees are located in confined spaces or trenches, handle hazardous waste, respond to emergency situations, perform excavations, or perform construction over water; and [§1903.14(f)(3)(i)]
(ii) Such employee has not been designated or assigned to perform or assist in rescue operations and voluntarily elects to rescue such an individual; and[§1903.14(f)(3)(ii)] (iii) The employer has failed to instruct employees not designated or assigned to perform or assist in rescue operations of the arrangements for rescue, not to attempt rescue, and of the hazards of attempting rescue without adequate training or equipment.[§1903.14(f)(3)(iii)]
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(4) For purposes of this policy, the term “imminent danger” means the existence of any condition or practice that could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm before such condition or practice can be abated.[§1903.14(f)(4)] [36 FR 17850, Sept. 4, 1971, as amended at 59 FR 66613, Dec. 27, 1994]
§1903.14a Petitions for modification of abatement date (a) An employer may file a petition for modification of abatement date when he has made a good faith effort to comply with the abatement requirements of a citation, but such abatement has not been completed because of factors beyond his reasonable control.[§1903.14a(a)] (b) A petition for modification of abatement date shall be in writing and shall include the following information:[§1903.14a(b)] (1) All steps taken by the employer, and the dates of such action, in an effort to achieve compliance during the prescribed abatement period.[§1903.14a(b)(1)] (2) The specific additional abatement time necessary in order to achieve compliance.[§1903.14a(b)(2)] (3) The reasons such additional time is necessary, including the unavailability of professional or technical personnel or of materials and equipment, or because necessary construction or alteration of facilities cannot be completed by the original abatement date.[§1903.14a(b)(3)] (4) All available interim steps being taken to safeguard the employees against the cited hazard during the abatement period.[§1903.14a(b)(4)] (5) A certification that a copy of the petition has been posted and, if appropriate, served on the authorized representative of affected employees, in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section and a certification of the date upon which such posting and service was made.[§1903.14a(b)(5)] (c) A petition for modification of abatement date shall be filed with the Area Director of the United States Department of Labor who issued the citation no later than the close of the next working day following the date on which abatement was originally required. A later- filed petition shall be accompanied by the employer's statement of exceptional circumstances explaining the delay. [§1903.14a(c)]
(1) A copy of such petition shall be posted in a conspicuous place where all affected employees will have notice thereof or near such location where the violation occurred. The petition shall remain posted for a period of ten (10) working days. Where affected employees are represented by an authorized representative, said representative shall be served with a copy of such petition.[§1903.14a(c)(1)] (2) Affected employees or their representatives may file an objection in writing to such petition with the aforesaid Area Director. Failure to file such objection within ten (10) working days of the date of posting of such petition or of service upon an authorized representative shall constitute a waiver of any further right to object to said petition.[§1903.14a(c)(2)] (3) The Secretary or his duly authorized agent shall have the authority to approve any petition for modification of abatement date filed pursuant to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. Such uncontested petitions shall become final orders pursuant to sections 10 (a) and (c) of the Act.[§1903.14a(c)(3)] (4) The Secretary or his authorized representative shall not exercise his approval power until the expiration of fifteen (15) working days from the date the petition was posted or served pursuant to paragraphs (c) (1) and (2) of this section by the employer.[§1903.14a(c)(4)] (d) Where any petition is objected to by the Secretary or affected employees, the petition, citation, and any objections shall be forwarded to the Commission within three (3) working days after the expiration of the fifteen (15) day period set out in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.[§1903.14a(d)] [40 FR 6334, Feb. 11, 1975; 40 FR 11351, Mar. 11, 1975]
§1903.15 Proposed penalties (a) After, or concurrent with, the issuance of a citation, and within a reasonable time after the termination of the inspection, the Area Director shall notify the employer by certified mail or by personal service by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer of the proposed penalty under section 17 of the Act, or that no penalty is being proposed. Any notice of proposed penalty shall state that the proposed
* Abatement verification penalty shall be deemed to be the final order of the Review Commission and not subject to review by any court or agency unless, within 15 working days from the date of receipt of such notice, the employer notifies the Area Director in writing that he intends to contest the citation or the notification of proposed penalty before the Review Commission.[ยง1903.15(a)] (b) ๏ ช The Area Director shall determine the amount of any proposed penalty, giving due consideration to the appropriateness of the penalty with respect to the size of the business of the employer being charged, the gravity of the violation, the good faith of the employer, and the history of previous violations, in accordance with the provisions of section 17 of the Act.[ยง1903.15(b)] (c) Appropriate penalties may be proposed with respect to an alleged violation even though after being informed of such alleged violation by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer, the employer immediately abates, or initiates steps to abate, such alleged violation. Penalties shall not be proposed for de minimis violations which have no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health.[ยง1903.15(c)]
(a) Upon receipt of any citation under the Act, the employer shall immediately post such citation, or a copy thereof, unedited, at or near each place an alleged violation referred to in the citation occurred, except as provided below. Where, because of the nature of the employer's operations, it is not practicable to post the citation at or near each place of alleged violation, such citation shall be posted, unedited, in a prominent place where it will be readily observable by all affected employees. For example, where employers are engaged in activities which are physically dispersed (see ยง1903.2(b)), the citation may be posted at the location to which employees report each day. Where employees do not primarily work at or report to a single location (see ยง1903.2(b)), the citation may be posted at the location from which the employees operate to carry out their activities. The employer shall take steps to ensure that the citation is not altered, defaced, or covered by other material. Notices of de minimis violations need not be posted.[ยง1903.16(a)] (b) Each citation, or a copy thereof, shall remain posted until the violation has been abated, or for 3 working days, whichever is later. The filing by the employer of a notice of intention to contest under ยง1903.17 shall not affect his posting responsibility under this section unless and until the Review Commission issues a final order vacating the citation.[ยง1903.16(b)] (c) An employer to whom a citation has been issued may post a notice in the same location where such citation is posted indicating that the citation is being contested before the Review Commission, and such notice may explain the reasons for such contest. The employer may also indicate that specified steps have been taken to abate the violation.[ยง1903.16(c)] (d) Any employer failing to comply with the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section shall be subject to citation and penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 17 of the Act. [ยง1903.16(d)]
ยง1903.17 Employer and employee contests before the Review Commission (a) ๏ ช Any employer to whom a citation or notice of proposed penalty has been issued may, under section 10(a) of the Act, notify the Area Director in writing that he intends to contest such citation or proposed penalty before the Review Commission. Such notice of intention to contest shall be postmarked within 15 working days of the receipt by the employer of the notice of proposed penalty. Every notice of intention to contest shall specify whether it is directed to the citation or to the proposed penalty, or both. The Area Director shall immediately transmit such notice to the Review Commission in accordance with the rules of procedure prescribed by the Commission.[ยง1903.17(a)] (b) Any employee or representative of employees of an employer to whom a citation has been issued may, under section 10(c) of the Act, file a written notice with the Area Director alleging that the period of time fixed in the citation for the abatement of the violation is unreasonable. Such notice shall be postmarked within 15 working days of the receipt by the employer of the notice of proposed penalty or notice that no penalty is being proposed. The Area Director shall immediately transmit such notice to the Review Commission in accordance with the rules of procedure prescribed by the Commission.[ยง1903.17(b)]
ยง1903.18 Failure to correct a violation for which a citation has been issued (a) If an inspection discloses that an employer has failed to correct an alleged violation for which a citation has been issued within the period permitted for its correction, the Area Director shall, if appropriate, consult with the Regional Solicitor, and he shall notify the employer by certified mail or by personal service by the Compliance Safety and Health Officer of such failure and of the additional penalty proposed under section 17(d) of the Act by reason of such failure. The period for the correction of a violation for which a citation has been issued shall not begin to run until the entry of a final order of the Review Commission in the case of any review proceedings initiated by the employer in good faith and not solely for delay or avoidance of penalties.[ยง1903.18(a)] (b) Any employer receiving a notification of failure to correct a violation and of proposed additional penalty may, under section 10(b) of the Act, notify the Area Director in writing that he intends to contest such notification or proposed additional penalty before the Review Commission. Such notice of intention to contest shall be postmarked within 15 working days of the receipt by the employer of the notification of failure to correct a violation and of proposed additional penalty. The Area Director shall immediately transmit such notice to the Review Commission in accordance with the rules of procedure prescribed by the Commission.[ยง1903.18(b)] (c) Each notification of failure to correct a violation and of proposed additional penalty shall state that it shall be deemed to be the final order of the Review Commission and not subject to review by any court or agency unless, within 15 working days from the date of receipt of such notification, the employer notifies the Area Director in writing that he intends to contest the notification or the proposed additional penalty before the Review Commission. [ยง1903.18(c)]
ยง1903.19 ๏ ช Abatement verification Purpose. OSHA's inspections are intended to result in the abatement of violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (the OSH Act). This section sets forth the procedures OSHA will use to ensure abatement. These procedures are tailored to the nature of the violation and the employer's abatement actions.[ยง1903.19] (a) Scope and application. This section applies to employers who receive a citation for a violation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.[ยง1903.19(a)] (b) Definitions.[ยง1903.19(b)] (1) Abatement means action by an employer to comply with a cited standard or regulation or to eliminate a recognized hazard identified by OSHA during an inspection.[ยง1903.19(b)(1)] (2) Abatement date means:[ยง1903.19(b)(2)] (i) For an uncontested citation item, the later of:[ยง1903.19(b)(2)(i)] [A] The date in the citation for abatement of the violation; [ยง1903.19(b)(2)(i)[A]]
[B] The date approved by OSHA or established in litigation as a result of a petition for modification of the abatement date (PMA); or[ยง1903.19(b)(2)(i)[B]] [C] The date established in a citation by an informal settlement agreement.[ยง1903.19(b)(2)(i)[C]] (ii) For a contested citation item for which the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) has issued a final order affirming the violation, the later of: [ยง1903.19(b)(2)(ii)]
[A] The date identified in the final order for abatement; or [ยง1903.19(b)(2)(ii)[A]]
[B] The date computed by adding the period allowed in the citation for abatement to the final order date; [ยง1903.19(b)(2)(ii)[B]]
[C] The date established by a formal settlement agreement.[ยง1903.19(b)(2)(ii)[C]] (3) Affected employees means those employees who are exposed to the hazard(s) identified as violation(s) in a citation. [ยง1903.19(b)(3)]
(4) Final order date means:[ยง1903.19(b)(4)] (i) For an uncontested citation item, the fifteenth working day after the employer's receipt of the citation;[ยง1903.19(b)(4)(i)]
5
1903 Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties
ยง1903.16 Posting of citations
ยง1903.19 (b)
§1903.19
1903 - Inspections, Citations, and Proposed Penalties (ii) For a contested citation item:[§1903.19(b)(4)(ii)] [A] The thirtieth day after the date on which a decision or order of a commission administrative law judge has been docketed with the commission, unless a member of the commission has directed review; or [§1903.19(b)(4)(ii)[A]]
[B] Where review has been directed, the thirtieth day after the date on which the Commission issues its decision or order disposing of all or pertinent part of a case; or [§1903.19(b)(4)(ii)[B]]
[C] The date on which a federal appeals court issues a decision affirming the violation in a case in which a final order of OSHRC has been stayed.[§1903.19(b)(4)(ii)[C]] (5) Movable equipment means a hand-held or non-hand-held machine or device, powered or unpowered, that is used to do work and is moved within or between worksites.[§1903.19(b)(5)] (c) Abatement certification. [§1903.19(c)] (1) Within 10 calendar days after the abatement date, the employer must certify to OSHA (the Agency) that each cited violation has been abated, except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.[§1903.19(c)(1)] (2) The employer is not required to certify abatement if the OSHA Compliance Officer, during the on-site portion of the inspection:[§1903.19(c)(2)] (i) Observes, within 24 hours after a violation is identified, that abatement has occurred; and[§1903.19(c)(2)(i)] (ii) Notes in the citation that abatement has occurred. [§1903.19(c)(2)(ii)]
(3) The employer's certification that abatement is complete must include, for each cited violation, in addition to the information required by paragraph (h) of this section, the date and method of abatement and a statement that affected employees and their representatives have been informed of the abatement. (d)
[§1903.19(c)(3)] Note to paragraph (c): Appendix A contains a sample Abatement Certification Letter. Abatement documentation. [§1903.19(d)]
(1) The employer must submit to the Agency, along with the information on abatement certification required by paragraph (c)(3) of this section, documents demonstrating that abatement is complete for each willful or repeat violation and for any serious violation for which the Agency indicates in the citation that such abatement documentation is required.[§1903.19(d)(1)] (2) Documents demonstrating that abatement is complete may include, but are not limited to, evidence of the purchase or repair of equipment, photographic or video evidence of abatement, or other written records.[§1903.19(d)(2)] (e) Abatement plans. [§1903.19(e)] (1) The Agency may require an employer to submit an abatement plan for each cited violation (except an other-than- serious violation) when the time permitted for abatement is more than 90 calendar days. If an abatement plan is required, the citation must so indicate.[§1903.19(e)(1)] (2) The employer must submit an abatement plan for each cited violation within 25 calendar days from the final order date when the citation indicates that such a plan is required. The abatement plan must identify the violation and the steps to be taken to achieve abatement, including a schedule for completing abatement and, where necessary, how employees will be protected from exposure to the violative condition in the interim until abatement is complete.[§1903.19(e)(2)] Note to paragraph (e): Appendix B contains a Sample Abatement Plan form.
(f) Progress reports.[§1903.19(f)] (1) An employer who is required to submit an abatement plan may also be required to submit periodic progress reports for each cited violation. The citation must indicate:[§1903.19(f)(1)] (i) That periodic progress reports are required and the citation items for which they are required;[§1903.19(f)(1)(i)] (ii) The date on which an initial progress report must be submitted, which may be no sooner than 30 calendar days after submission of an abatement plan;[§1903.19(f)(1)(ii)] (iii) Whether additional progress reports are required; and [§1903.19(f)(1)(iii)]
(iv) The date(s) on which additional progress reports must be submitted.[§1903.19(f)(1)(iv)] (2) For each violation, the progress report must identify, in a single sentence if possible, the action taken to achieve abatement and the date the action was taken.[§1903.19(f)(2)] Note to paragraph (f): Appendix B contains a Sample Progress Report form.
6
(g) Employee notification.[§1903.19(g)] (1) The employer must inform affected employees and their representative(s) about abatement activities covered by this section by posting a copy of each document submitted to the Agency or a summary of the document near the place where the violation occurred.[§1903.19(g)(1)] (2) Where such posting does not effectively inform employees and their representatives about abatement activities (for example, for employers who have mobile work operations), the employer must:[§1903.19(g)(2)] (i) Post each document or a summary of the document in a location where it will be readily observable by affected employees and their representatives; or[§1903.19(g)(2)(i)] (ii) Take other steps to communicate fully to affected employees and their representatives about abatement activities. [§1903.19(g)(2)(ii)]
(3) The employer must inform employees and their representatives of their right to examine and copy all abatement documents submitted to the Agency.[§1903.19(g)(3)] (i) An employee or an employee representative must submit a request to examine and copy abatement documents within 3 working days of receiving notice that the documents have been submitted.[§1903.19(g)(3)(i)] (ii) The employer must comply with an employee's or employee representative's request to examine and copy abatement documents within 5 working days of receiving the request.[§1903.19(g)(3)(ii)] (4) The employer must ensure that notice to employees and employee representatives is provided at the same time or before the information is provided to the Agency and that abatement documents are:[§1903.19(g)(4)] (i) Not altered, defaced, or covered by other material; and [§1903.19(g)(4)(i)]
(ii) Remain posted for three working days after submission to the Agency.[§1903.19(g)(4)(ii)] (h) Transmitting abatement documents.[§1903.19(h)] (1) The employer must include, in each submission required by this section, the following information:[§1903.19(h)(1)] (i) The employer's name and address;[§1903.19(h)(1)(i)] (ii) The inspection number to which the submission relates; [§1903.19(h)(1)(ii)]
(iii) The citation and item numbers to which the submission relates;[§1903.19(h)(1)(iii)] (iv) A statement that the information submitted is accurate; and[§1903.19(h)(1)(iv)] (v) The signature of the employer or the employer's authorized representative.[§1903.19(h)(1)(v)] (2) The date of postmark is the date of submission for mailed documents. For documents transmitted by other means, the date the Agency receives the document is the date of submission. [§1903.19(h)(2)]
(i) Movable equipment.[§1903.19(i)] (1) For serious, repeat, and willful violations involving movable equipment, the employer must attach a warning tag or a copy of the citation to the operating controls or to the cited component of equipment that is moved within the worksite or between worksites.[§1903.19(i)(1)] Note to paragraph (i)(1): Attaching a copy of the citation to the equipment is deemed by OSHA to meet the tagging requirement of paragraph (i)(1) of this section as well as the posting requirement of 29 CFR 1903.16.
(2) The employer must use a warning tag that properly warns employees about the nature of the violation involving the equipment and identifies the location of the citation issued. [§1903.19(i)(2)] Note to paragraph (i)(2): Non-Mandatory Appendix C contains a sample tag that employers may use to meet this requirement.
(3) If the violation has not already been abated, a warning tag or copy of the citation must be attached to the equipment: [§1903.19(i)(3)]
(i) For hand-held equipment, immediately after the employer receives the citation; or[§1903.19(i)(3)(i)] (ii) For non-hand-held equipment, prior to moving the equipment within or between worksites.[§1903.19(i)(3)(ii)] (4) For the construction industry, a tag that is designed and used in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.20(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.200(h) is deemed by OSHA to meet the requirements of this section when the information required by paragraph (i)(2) is included on the tag.[§1903.19(i)(4)]
Bloodborne Pathogens
Index
IX Abrasive Wheels and Tools 1926.303 244 Accident Prevention Responsibilities 1926.20(b) 63 2-Acetylaminofluorene (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Administrative Adjudications 1926.4 54 Aerial Lift Electrical Selection and Use of Work Practices 1910.333(c)(3)(i) 45 Aerial Lifts 1926.453 278 Boom Platforms 1926.453(b)(2) 278 Bursting Safety Factor 1926.453(b)(4) 279 Electrical Selection and Use of Work Practices 1910.333(c)(3)(i) 45 Electrical Tests 1926.453(b)(3) 279 Field Modifications 1926.453(a)(2) 278 Ladder Trucks 1926.453(b)(1) 278 Tower Trucks 1926.453(b)(1) 278 Welding Standards 1926.453(b)(5) 279 Air Airborne Radioactive Materials, Exposure 1910.1096(c) 73 Quality 1910.134(i) 214 Air Quality Breathing 1910.134(i) 214 Underground Construction 1926.800(h) 345 1926.800(j) 345 Airborne Contaminant Mists 1926.55 77 Airborne Radioactive Materials, Exposure 1910.1096(c) 73 Aisles Mechanical Equipment 1910.178(m)(14) 41 Alarms Audible 1926.602(a)(9) 309 Fire 1926.150(e) 226 alpha-Naphthylamine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Alternatives to Timber Shoring 1926.Appendix E 325 4-Aminodiphenyl (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Angle of Repose, Pile Driving 1926.603(c)(3) 311 Arc Welding and Cutting 1926.351 250 Arsenic, Inorganic 1910.1018 456 Compliance Methods 1910.1018(g) 456 Definitions 1910.1018(b) 456 Exposure Monitoring 1910.1018(e) 456 Housekeeping 1910.1018(k) 458 Hygiene 1910.1018(m) 458 Medical Surveillance 1910.1018(n) 458 1910.1018 Appendix C 461 Observation 1910.1018(r) 460 Permissible Exposure Limit 1910.1018(c) 456 Protective Clothing and Equipment 1910.1018(j) 457 Recordkeeping 1910.1018(q) 459 Regulated Area 1910.1018(f) 456 Respiratory Protection 1910.1018(h) 457 Substance Information Sheet 1910.1018 Appendix A 460 Substance Technical Guidelines 1910.1018 Appendix B 460 Training 1910.1018(o) 459 Asbestos 1926.1101 422 Airborne Concentration 1926.1101(c) 423 Airborne or Dust Exposure 1926.55(c) 77 Competent Person 1926.1101(o) 434 Compliance Contractors 1926.1101(d)(5) 423 Methods 1926.1101(g) 424 Definitions 1926.1101(b) 422 Exposure Assessments and Monitoring 1926.1101(f) 423 Permissible Limits 1926.1101(c) 423 Hazard Communication 1926.1101(k) 430 Hazard Determination 1926.1101(k)(5)(i) 430 Housekeeping 1926.1101(l) 432 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 1926.1101(j) 429 Information and Training 1926.1101(k)(9) 431 Labels and Warnings 1926.1101(k)(9)(viii) 432 Medical Questionnaires 1926.1101 Appendix D 440 Medical Surveillance 1926.1101(m) 432 Multi-Employer Worksites 1926.1101(d) 423 Personal Protective Clothing 1926.1101(i) 429
Section #, Page #
Asbestos (continued) Recordkeeping 1926.1101(n) 433 Regulated Areas 1926.1101(e) 423 Respiratory Protection 1926.1101(h) 428 Sampling and Analysis 1926.1101 Appendix A 434 1926.1101 Appendix B 435 Audible Warning 1926.601(b)(3) 308 Authorized Person (Definition) 1926.32(d) 64
B
Barges Access 1926.605(b) 311 First-Aid and Lifesaving Equipment 1926.605(d) 312 Pile Driving 1926.603(b) 311 Working Surfaces 1926.605(c) 312 Barricades 1926.202 238 Definition 1926.203(a) 238 Motor Vehicle Equipment 1926.600(a)(1) 308 Battery Changing and Charging 1910.178(g) 39 1926.441 264 Belts, Safety 1926.104 223 Definition 1926.107(f) 224 Materials Storage 1926.250(b)(2) 239 Pile Driving 1926.603(a)(8) 311 Benzene 1910.1028 474 Definitions 1910.1028(b) 475 Exposure Monitoring and Measurement 1910.1028(e) 475 Medical Surveillance 1910.1028(i) 476 1910.1028 Appendix C 480 Methods of Compliance 1910.1028(f) 476 Observation of Monitoring 1910.1028(l) 479 Permissible Exposure Limits 1910.1028(c) 475 Protective Clothing and Equipment 1910.1028(h) 476 Recordkeeping 1910.1028(k) 478 Regulated Areas 1910.1028(d) 475 Respiratory Protection 1910.1028(g) 476 Sampling and Analysis 1910.1028 Appendix D 482 Substance Safety Data Sheet 1910.1028 Appendix A 479 Substance Technical Guidelines 1910.1028 Appendix B 480 Benzidine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 beta-Naphthylamine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 beta-Propiolactone (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Biological Hazard Signs and Tags 1910.1030(g) 51 bis-Chloromethyl Ether (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Blasting (see also Explosives) 1926.900 364 Blaster Qualifications 1926.901 365 Definitions 1926.914 368 Detonating Cords 1926.908 367 Electric 1926.906 366 Excavation Work 1926.913 368 Firing 1926.909 367 General Provisions 1926.900 364 Loading 1926.905 366 Misfires 1926.911 367 Safety Fuses 1926.907 367 Storage 1926.904 366 Surface Transportation of Explosives 1926.902 365 Underground Construction 1926.800(p) 348 Underground Transportation of Explosives 1926.903 365 Underwater 1926.912 368 Blocking Jacks 1926.305(c) 245 Motor Vehicles 1926.600(a)(3)(i) 308 Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603(a) 311 Bloodborne Pathogens Compliance Methods 1910.1030(d) 47 Definitions 1910.1030(b) 46 Engineering and Work-Practice Controls 1910.1030(d)(2) 47 Exposure Control 1910.1030(c) 47 Hazard Communication 1910.1030(g) 51 Housekeeping 1910.1030(d)(4) 48 Laboratories and Production Facilities, HIV and HBV Research 1910.1030(e) 49
INDEX
557
Subject Index
A
Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens (continued) Personal Protective Equipment 1910.1030(d)(3) 48 1910.1030(d)(2)(i) 47 1910.1030(c)(2)(ii) 47 Recordkeeping 1910.1030(h) 52 1910.1030(f)(6) 51 Sharps Injury Log 1910.1030(h)(5) 53, Addendum 551 Training 1910.1030(g)(2) 52 1910.1030(e)(5) 50 Vaccinations, HBV 1910.1030(f) 50 Warning Labels and Signs 1910.1030(g)(1) 51 1910.1030 46 Boatswains' Chair Scaffolds 1926.452(o)(3) 277 Boilers 1926.29(b) 64 Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603(a)(1) 311 Boom Platforms 1926.453(b)(2) 278 Brackets, Roofing 1926.452(h) 276 Brakes Earthmoving Equipment 1926.602(a)(4) 309 Equipment 1926.600(a)(3)(ii) 308 1926.602(a)(4) 309 Motor Vehicles 1926.601(b)(1) 308 Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(g)(8) 39 1910.178(m)(5)(i) 41 1910.178(m)(5)(ii) 41 1910.178(m)(5)(iii) 41 1910.178(m)(7) 41 Bricklayers' Square Scaffolds 1926.452(e) 276 Bridge Plates 1910.178(n)(11) 41 Buildings, Temporary 1926.151(b) 226 Bulkheads, Compressed Air 1926.803(m) 354
C
Cables Flexible Electric Cables and Cords 1926.405(a)(2)(ii) 259 Portable Electric Cables 1926.405(h) 259 Welding Cables and Connectors 1926.351(b) 250 Cadmium 1926.1127 465 Airborne Concentration 1926.1127(c) 465 Compliance Methods 1926.1127(f) 466 Definitions 1926.1127(b) 465 Emergency Situations 1926.1127(h) 467 Exposure, Permissible 1926.1127(c) 465 Hazard Communication 1926.1127(m) 472 Housekeeping 1926.1127(k) 468 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 1926.1127(j) 468 Medical Surveillance 1926.1127(l) 468 Monitoring 1926.1127(d) 465 Observation 1926.1127(o) 474 Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing 1926.1127(i) 467 Recordkeeping 1926.1127(n) 473 Regulated Areas 1926.1127(e) 466 Respirator Protection 1926.1127(g) 467 Caissons 1926.801 350 Carbon Monoxide 1910.178(i) 39 Carbon Tetrachloride 1926.150(c)(1)(vii) 225 Carcinogens 1910.1003 452 Area Requirements 1910.1003(c) 453 Closed System Operations 1910.1003(c)(2) 453 Decontamination Activities 1910.1003(c)(5) 454 Isolated Systems 1910.1003(c)(1) 453 Maintenance Activities 1910.1003(c)(5) 454 Open-Vessel System Operations 1910.1003(c)(3) 453 Transferring Operations 1910.1003(c)(4) 453 Definitions 1910.1003(b) 453 Medical Surveillance 1910.1003(g) 455 Examinations 1910.1003(g)(1) 455 Records 1910.1003(g)(2) 455 Regulated Area Requirements 1910.1003(d) 454 Contamination Control 1910.1003(d)(4) 454 Emergency Situations 1910.1003(d)(2) 454 Hygiene Practices 1910.1003(d)(3) 454 Respirator Program 1910.1003(d)(1) 454 Reports 1910.1003(f) 455 Scope and Application 1910.1003(a) 452 Signs, Information and Training Prohibited Statements 1910.1003(e)(3) 455 Training and Indoctrination 1910.1003(e)(4) 455 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Commercial Diving Operations 1910.410(a)(3) 416 Permit-Required Confined Spaces 1910.146(k)(2)(iii) 27 Cargo Hooks 1926.551(d) 305 Carpenters' Bracket Scaffolds 1926.452(g) 276 Caution Signs and Labels Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(e) 74 1910.1096(g) 75 1910.1096(h) 76 Certifications Boilers 1926.29(b) 64 Pressure Vessels 1926.29(a) 64 Chains, Alloy Steel 1926.251(b) 239 Chemicals Hazard Communication 1910.1200 95 Definitions 1910.1200(c) 97 Employee Information and Training 1910.1200(h) 100 Trade Secrets 1910.1200(i) 100 Written Program 1910.1200(e) 98 Highly Hazardous, Process Safety Management 1926.64 166 Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives, Threshold List 1926.64 Appendix A 169 Compliance Audits 1926.64(o) 169 Compliance Guidelines 1926.64 Appendix C 171
558
INDEX
Chemicals (continued) Highly Hazardous, Process Safety Management (continued) Contractors, Employer Responsibilities 1926.64(h) 168 Definitions 1926.64(b) 166 Emergency Planning and Response 1926.64(n) 169 Employee Participation 1926.64(c) 166 Hot Work Permit 1926.64(k) 169 Incident Investigation 1926.64(m) 169 Management of Change 1926.64(l) 169 Mechanical Integrity 1926.64(j) 168 Operating Procedures 1926.64(f) 167 Pre-Startup Safety Review 1926.64(i) 168 Process Hazard Analysis 1926.64(e) 167 Process Safety Information 1926.64(d) 166 Trade Secrets 1926.64(p) 169 Training 1926.64(g) 168 Chimneys, Removal 1926.854 362 Chutes 1926.852 362 Demolition 1926.852 362 Waste Disposal 1926.252(a) 241 1926.252(b) 241 Circuits Lockout and Tagging 1926.417 264 Cleaning Respirators 1910.134(c)(1)(v) 210 Clearing, Clearances Electric Equipment, Workspace Around 1926.403(i)(1)(i) 253 1926.403(j)(3) 254 Fire Prevention 1926.151(d) 226 Materials Storage 1926.250(a)(3) 239 Site 1926.604 311 Temporary Heating Devices 1926.154(b) 236 Clothing (see also Personal Protective Equipment) 1926.95 205 Clothing, Protective (see also Personal Protective Equipment) Footwear 1910.132 21 1910.136 22 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles, Interpretation of Term 1910.1002 452 Cofferdams 1926.802 350 Color Codes Respirators 1910.134(j) 214 Combustible Dusts, Trucks Used 1910.178(c)(2)(vi) 39 Competent Person (Definition) 1926.32(f) 64 Compressed Air 1926.803 350 Bulkheads and Safety Screens 1926.803(m) 354 Compression 1926.803(e) 351 Decompression 1926.803(f) 352 1926.803(g)(2) 352 Electricity 1926.803(j) 353 Excavations 1926.913 368 Fire Prevention 1926.803(l) 353 Man Locks 1926.803(g)(1) 352 Medical Attendance, Examination, and Regulations 1926.803(b) 350 Power-Operated Hand Tools 1926.302(b)(4) 243 Sanitation 1926.803(k) 353 Signs and Records 1926.803(d) 351 Telephone and Signal Communication 1926.803(c) 351 Ventilation 1926.803(i) 353 Compressor Plants 1926.803(h) 353 Concrete Construction Cast-In-Place 1926.703 329 Formwork, General 1926.703(a) 329 Formwork, Removal 1926.703(e) 329 Reinforcing Steel 1926.701(b) 328 1926.703(d) 329 Shoring and Reshoring 1926.703(b) 329 Test Requirements — Compressive Strength 1926.703(e)(1) 329 Vertical Slip Forms 1926.703(c) 329 Definitions 1926.700(b) 328 Equipment and Tools 1926.702 328 General Requirements 1926.701 328 Lift-Slab Operations 1926.705 329 Lockout/Tagout 1926.702(j) 328 Post-Tensioning 1926.701(c) 328 Precast 1926.704 329 Pumping Systems 1926.702(e) 328 Confined Spaces Instruction of Employees Relating to 1926.21(b)(6)(i) 63 1926.21(b)(6)(ii) 63 Permit-Required Atmospheric Testing 1910.146 Appendix B 28 Attendant Duties 1910.146(i) 26 Authorized Entrant Duties 1910.146(h) 26 Definitions 1910.146(b) 22 Entry Permit 1910.146(f) 26 Supervisor Duties 1910.146(j) 27 Flow Chart, Decisions 1910.146 Appendix A 28 Permit Samples 1910.146 Appendix D 31 System 1910.146(e) 25 Permit Samples 1910.146 Appendix D 31 Permit System 1910.146(e) 25 Program Examples 1910.146 Appendix C 29 Programs Examples 1910.146 Appendix C 29 1910.146(d) 24 Rescue and Emergency Services 1910.146(k) 27 Sewer System Entry 1910.146 Appendix E 31 Training 1910.146(g) 26 1910.146 22 Welding and Cutting 1926.353(b) 251 Containers LP-Gas 1926.153 235 Welding and Cutting 1926.352(i) 251
Section #, Page #
Eye Washes/Showers, Formaldehyde Contaminants Airborne, TLV 1926.55 77 1926.55 Appendix A 77 Definition 1926.107(a) 224 Contractors Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) 1910.147(f)(2) 36 Hazard Communication 1910.1200(e)(2) 98 1910.1200(i)(3)(v) 101 Permit-Required Confined Spaces 1910.146(c)(8) 24 1910.146(c)(9) 24 Contracts, Mixed Performance 1926.14 62 Conveyors 1926.555 307 Cranes 1926.550 305 Electric Equipment and Wiring, Installation of 1926.406(a) 261 Crawling Boards 1926.452(m) 276 Cutoffs, Fire 1926.150(f) 226 Cylinders, Welding and Cutting 1926.350 249
D
E
Ear Protection 1926.101 208 Earthmoving Equipment 1926.602(a) 309 Egress, Means 1926.34 69 Exit Marking 1926.34(b) 69 Maintenance 1926.34(c) 69 Electric Energy, Hazardous, Control of (see also Lockout/Tagout of Hazardous Energy) 1910.147 33 Power Lines 1910.333(c)(3) 45 Safety-Related Work Practices Confined Spaces 1910.333(c)(5) 45 Illumination 1910.333(c)(4) 45 Ladders 1910.333(c)(7) 46 Ladders, Portable 1910.333(c)(7) 46 Lockout and Tagging 1910.333(b)(2) 44 Personal Protective Equipment 1910.333(c)(2) 45 Power Lines, Overhead 1910.333(c)(3) 45 Training 1910.332 43 Wiring Space about electric equipment. 1910.333 44 Working Space about Electric Equipment 1910.333 44 Electric Power Lines 1910.333(c)(3) 45 Electric Wiring 1910.333 44 Electrical, Electricity Batteries and Charging 1926.441 264 Circuits, Lockout and Tagging 1926.417 264 Compressed Air Chambers 1926.803(j) 353 Equipment Installation and Maintenance 1926.402 253 1926.431 264 Grounding and Bonding 1926.404(f) 256 Hazardous Locations 1926.407 262 Power-Operated Tools 1926.302(a) 243 Safety-Related Work Practices Confined Spaces 1910.333(c)(5) 45 Illumination 1910.333(c)(4) 45 Ladders, Portable 1910.333(c)(7) 46 Lockout and Tagging 1910.333(b)(2) 44 Personal Protective Equipment 1910.333(c)(2) 45 Power Lines Overhead 1910.333(c)(3) 45 Training 1910.332 43 Underground Construction 1926.800(s) 349 Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404 255
Section #, Page #
INDEX
559
IX Subject Index
Decompression 1926.803(f) 352 Chambers 1926.803(g)(2) 352 Tables 1926.Appendix A 354 Demolition Chutes 1926.852 362 Entrances 1926.850(k) 362 Explosives 1926.860 363 Flammable Gases 1926.850(e) 362 Floors 1926.850 362 1926.853 362 1926.855 363 1926.856 363 Mechanical 1926.859 363 Passageways 1926.851 362 Stairways 1926.851 362 Steel Construction 1926.858 363 Storage 1926.857 363 Derricks 1926.550 305 Designated Person (Definition) 1926.32(i) 64 Detonating Cords 1926.908 367 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Diesel Powered Trucks 1910.178(b)(1) 37 1910.178(b)(3) 37 1910.178(b)(2) 37 4-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Disposal Exhaust Materials 1926.57(e) 84 Waste Materials 1926.252 241 Diving Scientific 1910.401(a)(2)(iv) 415 1910.402 415 Part 1910 Subpart T Appendix B 421 Dockboards 1910.178(n)(11) 41 DOT Markings, Retention of Markings, Placards, and Labels 1910.1201 148 Drilling, Underground Construction 1926.800(q) 348 Dump Trucks 1926.601(b)(10) 308 1926.601(b)(11) 308 1926.601(b)(12) 309 Dust Hazards Asbestos 1910.19(a) 21 Dusts 1926.55 77
Electrode Holders 1926.351(a) 250 1926.351(d) 250 Electrostatic Apparatus, Fixed 1926.66(e) 203 Spraying Conformance 1926.66(e)(1) 203 Conveyors 1926.66(e)(7) 203 Fail-Safe Controls 1926.66(e)(9) 203 Fire Protection 1926.66(e)(12) 203 Grounding 1926.66(e)(5) 203 Guarding 1926.66(e)(10) 203 Insulators 1926.66(e)(5) 203 Location 1926.66(e)(3) 203 Safe Distances 1926.66(e)(6) 203 Support 1926.66(e)(4) 203 Ventilation 1926.66(e)(11) 203 Electrostatic Hand Spraying Equipment 1926.66(f) 203 Application 1926.66(f)(1) 203 Approval 1926.66(f)(3) 203 Conformance 1926.66(f)(2) 203 Electrical Support Equipment 1926.66(f)(4) 203 Grounding 1926.66(f)(6) 203 Grounds Maintenance 1926.66(f)(7) 203 Interlocks 1926.66(f)(8) 203 Specifications 1926.66(f)(3) 203 Spray Gun Ground 1926.66(f)(5) 203 Ventilation 1926.66(f)(9) 203 Elevators, Escalators, Moving Walks 1926.406(b) 261 Emergency Action Plan 1926.35 70 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response 1926.65(q)(1) 187 Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Process Safety Management 1926.64(n) 169 Emergency Provisions Excavation Rescue Equipment 1926.651(g)(2) 314 Underground Construction 1926.800(g) 344 Employee (Definition) 1926.32(j) 64 Employee Rescue 1903.14(f) 4 Employee-Owned Protective Equipment 1910.132(b) 21 Employer (Definition) 1926.32(k) 64 Enclosed Spaces Welding and Cutting 1926.352(g) 251 Entrances (Demolition) 1926.850(k) 362 Entry, Right of 1926.3 54 Environmental Controls Radiation Ionizing 1910.1096 72 Equipment Earthmoving 1926.602(a) 309 Electrical 1926.402 253 1926.431 264 Firefighting 1926.150(c) 225 1926.150(d) 226 Marine 1926.605 311 Mechanized 1926.600 308 Pile Driving 1926.603 311 Rigging 1926.251 239 Underground Construction 1926.800(i) 345 1926.800(k)(10)(i) 346 1926.800(k)(10)(ii) 346 Ethyleneimine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Evacuation, Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(f) 75 Excavations Access and Egress 1926.651(c) 314 Adjacent Structure Stability 1926.651(i) 314 Definitions 1926.650(b) 313 Emergency Rescue Equipment 1926.651(g)(2) 314 Equipment 1926.602(b) 309 Fall Protection 1926.651(l) 315 Hazardous Atmospheres 1926.651(g) 314 Inspections 1926.651(k) 314 Pier Holes, Bell-Bottom 1926.651(g)(2)(ii) 314 Protective Systems 1926.652 315 1926.Appendix F 326 Rescue Equipment 1926.651(g)(2) 314 Shield Systems 1926.652(c) 315 1926.Appendix B 318 Shoring 1926.652(c) 315 Aluminum Hydraulic 1926.Appendix D 322 Timber 1926.Appendix C 319 Sloping and Benching 1926.652(b) 315 1926.Appendix B 318 Soil Classification 1926.Appendix A 316 Surface Encumbrances 1926.651(a) 313 Ventilation 1926.651(g)(1)(iii) 314 Exhausts 1926.57 83 Explosives (see also Blasting) 1926.900 364 Loading 1926.905 366 Storage 1926.904 366 Surface Transportation 1926.902 365 Underground Transportation 1926.903 365 Exposure Airborne Radioactive Material 1910.1096(c) 73 Radiation Exposure (see also Ionizing Radiation) 1910.1096(b) 73 Minors 1910.1096(b)(3) 73 1910.1096(c)(2) 73 1910.1096(d)(2)(ii) 74 Exposure, Ionizing Radiation (see also Ionizing Radiation) Airborne Radioactive Material 1910.1096(c) 73 Radiation Exposure 1910.1096(b) 73 Minors 1910.1096(b)(3) 73 1910.1096(c)(2) 73 1910.1096(d)(2)(ii) 74 Eye Protection 1926.102 208 Eye Washes/Showers Formaldehyde 1910.1048(i)(3) 487 Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(g) 39 Eye Washes/Showers, Formaldehyde 1910.1048(i)(3) 487
IX
Face Protection
F
Face Protection 1926.102 208 Fall Protection Bricklaying 1926.501(b)(9) 288 Criteria and Practices 1926.502 288 Dangerous Equipment 1926.501(b)(8) 288 Definitions 1926.500(b) 286 Excavations 1926.501(b)(7) 287 Falling Object Protection 1926.501(c) 288 Formwork and Reinforcing Steel 1926.501(b)(5) 287 Guardrail Systems 1926.502(b) 288 1926.Appendix B 294 Hoist Areas 1926.501(b)(3) 287 Holes 1926.501(b)(4) 287 Leading Edges 1926.501(b)(2) 287 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 1926.502(d) 289 1926.Appendix C 294 Positioning Device Systems 1926.502(e) 290 1926.Appendix D 297 Precast Concrete 1926.501(b)(12) 288 Ramps, Runways, Walkways 1926.501(b)(6) 287 Residential Construction 1926.501(b)(13) 288 Retraining 1926.503(c) 292 Roofs Low-Slope 1926.501(b)(10) 288 Steep 1926.501(b)(11) 288 Width Determination Guidelines 1926.Appendix A 293 Safety Net Systems 1926.502(c) 289 Sample Plan 1926.Appendix E 297 Training Certification 1926.503(b) 292 Training Program 1926.503(a) 292 Unprotected Sides and Edges 1926.501(b)(1) 287 Wall Openings 1926.501(b)(14) 288 Fenders, Earthmoving Equipment 1926.602(a)(5) 309 Fire Protection Trucks 1910.178 37 Fire Alarm Devices 1926.150(e) 226 Fire Extinguishers 1926.150(c)(1) 225 Underground Construction 1926.800(m)(8) 347 1926.800(m)(11) 347 Welding and Cutting 1926.352(d) 250 Fire Prevention 1926.24 63 1926.151 226 Compressed Air 1926.803(l) 353 Oil and Grease Hazards 1926.350(i) 250 Preservative Coatings 1926.354 252 Underground Construction 1926.800(m) 347 Welding and Cutting 1926.352 250 Fire Protection 1926.150 225 Cutoffs 1926.150(f) 226 Fire Alarm Devices 1926.150(e) 226 Firefighting Equipment 1926.150(c) 225 1926.150(d) 226 Prevention Program 1926.24 63 Trucks 1910.178 37 Water Supply and Equipment 1926.150(b) 225 Firefighting Equipment 1926.150(c) 225 1926.150(d) 226 First Aid 1926.23 63 1926.50 71 Marine Operations 1926.605(d) 312 Tunnels and Shafts 1926.803(b)(7) 351 1926.803(b)(8) 351 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Hazard Communication 1910.1200 95 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals 1926.64 166 Trucks Used 1910.178(c)(2) 37 Flash Point (Definition) 1926.155(i) 237 Float Scaffolds 1926.451(g)(1) 273 Floors, Flooring Demolition 1926.850 362 1926.853 362 1926.855 363 1926.856 363 Openings 1926.500 286 Food Handling 1926.51(d) 71 Fork Trucks (see also Powered Industrial Trucks) 1910.178 37 Forklifts (see also Powered Industrial Trucks) 1910.178 37 Forklifts and Forklift Training 1926.602(c) 309 1926.602(d) 310 Formaldehyde Airborne Concentration 1910.1048(c) 485 Compliance 1910.1048(f) 486 Definitions 1910.1048(b) 485 Emergencies 1910.1048(k) 487 Exposure Monitoring 1910.1048(d) 485 Permissible Limit 1910.1048(c) 485 Housekeeping 1910.1048(j) 487 Hygiene Protection 1910.1048(i) 487 Medical Disease Questionnaire 1910.1048 Appendix D 498 Medical Surveillance 1910.1048(l) 487 1910.1048 Appendix C 496 Personal Protective Equipment 1910.1048(h) 486 Recordkeeping 1910.1048(o) 489 Regulated Areas 1910.1048(e) 486 Respiratory Protection 1910.1048(g) 486 Training Employees 1910.1048(n) 489 1910.1048 485 Fuel, Fueling, Refueling Diesel, Underground Construction 1926.800(m) 347 Fuel Gases 1926.350(d) 249 1926.350(e) 249 Fuel Powered Tools 1926.302(c) 243 Handling and Storage 1910.178(f) 39 LP Gas Dispensing 1926.153(e) 235 Oxygen Manifolds 1926.350(e) 249 Fuel, Handling and Storage 1910.178(f) 39 Fumes (see also Ventilation) 1926.55 77 Fuses, Safety 1926.907 367
560
INDEX
G
Gas Welding and Cutting 1926.350 249 Gases 1926.55 77 Excavations, Hazardous Atmospheres 1926.651(g) 314 Fuel Gases 1926.350(d) 249 1926.350(e) 249 Gassy Operations, Underground Construction 1926.800(h) 345 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) 1926.153 235 Gasoline Powered Trucks 1910.178(b)(8) 37 1910.178(b)(9) 37 Goggles 1926.102(a)(3) 208 Labels 1926.102(b)(2)(ii) 209 Lasers 1926.102(b)(2) 208 Welding 1926.102(b)(1) 208 Grades, Access 1926.602(a)(3) 309 Grinding Machines 1926.303 244 Ground Support Excavations 1926.651(a) 313 1926.651(h) 314 1926.651(i) 314 1926.651(j) 314 1926.652 315 Underground Construction 1926.800(o) 347 Grounding Return and Machine Grounding 1926.351(c) 250 Systems, Circuits, and Equipment 1926.404(f) 256 Guarding (see also Fall Protection) 1926.500 286 Guards and Guardrails 1926.500 286 Guardrail Systems 1926.502(b) 288 1926.Appendix B 294 Scaffolds 1926.451 269 Stairways 1926.500(a)(2)(vii) 286 Trucks 1910.178(e) 39
H
Handlamps 1926.405(j)(1)(iii) 260 Handtools 1926.300 242 1926.301 243 1926.302 243 1926.303 244 1926.304 244 1926.305 245 Hauling, Haulage Equipment 1926.602(c) 309 Underground Construction 1926.800(r) 348 Hazard Communication 1910.1200 95 Definitions 1910.1200(c) 97 Employee Information and Training 1910.1200(h) 100 Health Hazard Criteria (Mandatory) 1910.1200 A.0 101 Trade Secrets 1910.1200(i) 100 Written Program 1910.1200(e) 98 Hazardous Atmospheres, Excavations 1926.651(g) 314 Chemicals, Highly Hazardous, Process Safety Management (see also Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Process 1926.64 166 Locations, Electricity 1926.407 262 1926.432 264 Substances (Definition) 1926.32(l) 64 Hazardous Materials DOT Markings, Retention 1910.1201 148 Packages, Transport Vehicles, etc. 1910.1201 148 Trucks Used 1910.178(c)(2) 37 Hazardous Waste Operations Contractors and Subcontractors 1926.65(b)(1)(iv) 179 Decontamination 1926.65(k) 184 Definitions 1926.65(a)(3) 178 Drums and Containers 1926.65(j) 183 Emergency Response 1926.65(e)(7) 181 1926.65(l) 185 1926.65(p)(8) 186 1926.65(q) 187 Engineering Controls and Personal Protective Equipment 1926.65(g) 182 Illumination 1926.65(m) 185 Information Program 1926.65(i) 183 1926.65(b) 179 Laboratory Waste Packs 1926.65(j)(6) 184 Material Handling 1926.65(j) 183 Medical Surveillance 1926.65(f) 181 Monitoring 1926.65(h) 183 1926.65(c)(6) 180 Radioactive Wastes 1926.65(j)(4) 184 RCRA Facilities 1926.65(p) 186 Recordkeeping 1926.65(f)(8) 182 Safety and Health Program 1926.65(b) 179 Sanitation 1926.65(n) 185 Shock Sensitive Wastes 1926.65(j)(5) 184 Site Characterization and Analysis 1926.65(c) 180 Site Control 1926.65(d) 180 Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan 1926.65(b)(4) 179 Tank and Vault Procedures 1926.65(j)(9) 184 Totally-Encapsulating Chemical Protective Suits 1926.65(g)(4) 183 Training 1926.65(p)(8)(iii) 187 1926.65(q)(6) 188 1926.65(e) 180 Uncontrolled Sites, Emergency Responses 1926.65(l) 185 Head Protection 1926.100 207 Hearing Protection 1926.101 208 Heating, Temporary Devices 1926.154 236 Helicopters 1926.551 305 Approach Distance 1926.551(o) 305 Approaching 1926.551(p) 305 Briefing 1926.551(b) 305 Cargo Hooks 1926.551(d) 305 Clothing 1926.551(e) 305 Communications 1926.551(r) 305 Fires 1926.551(s) 305 Ground Lines 1926.551(l) 305 Hand Signals 1926.551(n) 305 Hooking and Unhooking Loads 1926.551(i) 305
Section #, Page #
Lift-Slab Operations
I
Identification Badges 1926.803(b)(11) 351 Ignition Hazards 1926.151(a) 226 Illumination 1926.26 64 1926.56 83 Minimum Illumination Intensities 1926.56(a) 83 Stairways 1926.851(c) 362 Temporary Wiring 1926.405(a)(2)(ii) 258 1926.405(e) 259 1926.405(f) 259 1926.405(g) 259 1926.405(j) 260 Underground Construction 1926.800(l) 346 Industrial Trucks 1910.178, 1926.602(c) 309 Inert-Gas Metal-Arc Welding 1926.353(d) 251 Inorganic Arsenic 1910.1018 456 Inorganic Arsenic (see also Arsenic, Inorganic) 1910.1018 456 Inspection (see also Term to Which It Applies) Respirators 1910.134(h)(3) 213 1910.134(f) 212 Inspections Asbestos 1926.1101(g)(11) 428 1926.1101(o) 434 Blasting, After 1926.910 367 Demolition 1926.859(g) 363 Excavations 1926.651(k) 314 Exhaust Ventilation 1926.57(f)(4) 84 Hazardous Chemicals 1926.64(j)(4) 168 Hazardous Waste 1926.65(b)(4)(iv) 179 Hoists and Elevators 1926.552(c)(15) 307 Jacks 1926.305(d)(1)(iv) 245 Motor Vehicles 1926.601(b)(14) 309 Respirators 1910.134(h)(3) 213 1910.134(f) 212 Rigging Equipment 1926.251(a)(6) 239 Right of Entry 1926.3 54 Scaffolds 1926.451 269 Underground Construction 1926.800(o)(3) 347 Inspections, Citations and Proposed Penalties Abatement Verification 1903.19 5 Advance Notice of Inspections 1903.6 2 Authority for Inspection 1903.3 1 Citations, Notices of De Minimis Violations, Policy Regarding Employee Rescue Activities 1903.14 4 Complaints by Employees 1903.11 3 Conduct of Inspections 1903.7 2 Consultation with Employees 1903.10 3 Definitions 1903.22 8 Employer and Employee Contests Before the Review Commission 1903.17 5 Entry Not a Waiver 1903.5 2 Failure to Correct a Violation for which a Citation Has Been Issued 1903.18 5 Imminent Danger 1903.13 3 Informal Conferences 1903.20 8 Inspection Not Warranted, Informal Review 1903.12 3 Objection to Inspection 1903.4 1 Petitions for Modification of Abatement Date 1903.14a 4 Posting of Citations 1903.16 5 Posting of Notice, Availability of the Act, Regulations and Applicable Standards 1903.2 1 Proposed Penalties 1903.15 4
Section #, Page #
Inspections, Citations and Proposed Penalties (continued) Purpose and Scope 1903.1 1 Representatives of Employers and Employees 1903.8 2 State Administration 1903.21 8 Trade Secrets 1903.9 3 Interior Hung Scaffolds 1926.452(t) 277 Ionizing Radiation 1926.53 72 1910.1096 72 Airborne Radioactive Materials 1910.1096(c) 73 Caution Signs and Labels 1910.1096(e) 74 Definitions 1910.1096(a) 72 Employees Disclosure of Records 1910.1096(o) 76 Exposure Records 1910.1096(m) 76 1910.1096(n) 76 Incident Reporting 1910.1096(l) 76 Instruction Posting 1910.1096(i) 76 Evacuation 1910.1096(f) 75 Exemptions 1910.1096(g) 75 1910.1096(h) 76 Exposure 1910.1096(b) 73 Airborne Radioactive Materials 1910.1096(c) 73 Minors 1910.1096(b)(3) 73 1910.1096(c)(2) 73 1910.1096(d)(2)(ii) 74 Records 1910.1096(m) 76 1910.1096(n) 76 1910.1096(o) 76 Incident Reporting 1910.1096(l) 76 Monitoring 1910.1096(d) 73 NRC Licensees 1910.1096(p) 76 Overexposure Reports 1910.1096(m) 76 Personnel Instructions, Posting 1910.1096(i) 76 Radioactive Materials Packaged 1910.1096(h) 76 Storage 1910.1096(j) 76 Warning Signals 1910.1096(f) 75 Waste Disposal 1910.1096(k) 76
IX Subject Index
Helicopters (continued) Housekeeping 1926.551(g) 305 Loose Gear 1926.551(f) 305 Operator Responsibility 1926.551(h) 305 Personal Protective Equipment 1926.551(e) 305 Personnel 1926.551(q) 305 Regulations 1926.551(a) 305 Signal Systems 1926.551(n) 305 Slings and Tag Lines 1926.551(c) 305 Static Charge 1926.551(j) 305 Visibility 1926.551(m) 305 Weight Limitation 1926.551(k) 305 Hepatitis B (see also Bloodborne Pathogens) 1910.1030 46 HIV and HBV Research 1910.1030(e) 49 Hoists, Hoisting Base-Mounted Drum 1926.553 307 Electric Equipment and Wiring, Installation of 1926.406(a) 261 Materials 1926.552(b) 306 Overhead 1926.554 307 Personnel (and Elevators) 1926.552(c) 306 Underground Construction 1926.800(g)(1) 344 Hooks 1926.251(f) 241 Horse Scaffolds 1926.452(f) 276 Hoses and Connections Fire 1926.150(c)(2) 226 Manifold 1926.350(e) 249 Nozzles 1926.151(a)(5) 226 Pile Driving 1926.603(a)(9) 311 Pneumatic Power Tools 1926.302(b) 243 Steam Hose 1926.603(a)(9) 311 Housekeeping 1926.25 63 Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(d)(4) 48 Formaldehyde 1910.1048(j) 487 Hydraulic Jacks 1926.305 245 Power Tools 1926.302(d) 243
J
Jacks Fixed Truck 1910.178(k)(3) 40 Lever and Ratchet Jacks 1926.305 245 Lift-Slab Concrete Construction Operations 1926.705 329 Truck 1910.178(k)(3) 40 Jacob's Ladders, Marine Operations 1926.605(b)(3) 311 1926.605(b)(4) 311
L
Labeling, Hazardous Chemicals 1910.1200 95 Laboratories HIV and HBV Research 1910.1030(e) 49 Ladders (see also Stairways) 1926.1051 411 1926.1053 412 1926.1060 414 Chicken Ladders or Crawling Boards 1926.452(m) 276 Defects and Repairs 1926.1053(b)(16) 414 1926.1053(b)(17) 414 Demolition, Use During 1926.851 362 Inspection 1926.1053(b)(15) 414 Jacob's Ladders 1926.605(b)(3) 311 1926.605(b)(4) 311 Ladder Jack Scaffolds 1926.452(k) 276 Ladder Trucks, Manually Propelled Mobile 1926.453(b) 278 Load Capabilities 1926.1053(a)(1) 412 1926.1053(b)(3) 414 Pile Driving 1926.603(c)(6) 311 Portable Metal 1910.333(c)(7) 46 Safety Devices 1926.1051(b) 411 1926.1053(a) 412 Scaffolds, Use On or With 1926.1051(a) 411 Training Requirements 1926.1060 414 Trestle Ladder Scaffolds 1926.452(n) 276 Lanyards (see also Body Belts, Safety Straps, and Lanyards) 1926.104 223 Pile Driving 1926.603(a)(8) 311 Lasers Eye Protection 1926.102(b)(2) 208 Nonionizing Radiation 1926.54 77 Laundry Operations Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(d)(4)(iv) 49 Laundry Operations, Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(d)(4)(iv) 49 Lead Exposure in Construction Definitions 1926.62(b) 148 Employee Standard Summary 1926.62 Appendix B 157 Exposure Assessment 1926.62(d) 148 Housekeeping 1926.62(h) 151 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 1926.62(i) 151 Medical Removal Protection 1926.62(k) 153 Medical Surveillance 1926.62(j) 152 1926.62 Appendix C 161 Methods of Compliance 1926.62(e) 150 Permissible Exposure Limit 1926.62(c) 148 Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 1926.62(g) 151 Recordkeeping 1926.62(n) 155 Respiratory Protection 1926.62(f) 151 Substance Data Sheet 1926.62 Appendix A 156 Lenses 1926.102(a)(3) 208 Lasers 1926.102(b)(2) 208 Welding 1926.102(b)(1) 208 Lever and Ratchet Jacks 1926.305 245 Lifelines 1926.104 223 Materials Storage 1926.250(b)(2) 239 Scaffolding 1926.451(h) 274 Lifting Equipment 1926.602(c) 309 Lift-Slab Construction 1926.705 329 Lift-Slab Operations 1926.705 Appendix 330
INDEX
561
IX
Lighting Lighting (see also Illumination) 1926.26 64 1926.56 83 Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 1910.333(c)(4) 45 Portable Equipment 1926.151(a)(4) 226 Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(h) 39 Temporary Wiring 1926.405(a)(2)(ii) 258 Lighting (see also Lamps) Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 1910.333(c)(4) 45 Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(h) 39 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) 1926.153 235 Fuel Handling and Storage 1910.178(f) 39 Trucks Converted 1910.178(b) 37 1910.178(d) 39 Liquefied Petroleum Gases (see also Liquefied Petroleum Gases under Containers) Fuel Handling and Storage 1910.178(f) 39 Trucks Converted 1910.178(d) 39 1910.178(b) 37 Liquid Fuels Handling and Storage 1910.178(f) 39 Loads Helicopter Cranes, Hooking and Unhooking 1926.551(i) 305 Hoists and Elevators 1926.552(a)(2) 306 Scaffolds, Ratings 1926.451(a) 269 Storage 1926.250(a)(2) 239 Lockout/Tagout of Hazardous Energy Control Sources 1910.147(d) 35 Definitions 1910.147(b) 34 Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 1910.333(b) 44 Inspection 1910.147(c)(6) 35 Release Procedures 1910.147(e) 36 Testing 1910.147(f)(1) 36 Training 1910.147(c)(7) 35 1910.147 33 Locks Man Locks 1926.803(g) 352 Medical Locks 1926.803(b)(9) 351
M
Maintenance (see also Term To Which It Applies) Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(q) 41 Respirators 1910.134(h) 213 1910.134(f) 212 Manifolds, Oxygen 1926.350(e) 249 Marine Operations 1926.605 311 Barges Access 1926.605(b) 311 Working Surfaces 1926.605(c) 312 Commercial Diving Operations 1926.605(e) 312 First Aid and Lifesaving Equipment 1926.605(d) 312 Working Over or Near Water 1926.106 224 Markings Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178(a)(3) 37 Respirators 1910.134(j) 214 Masonry Bracing Requirements 1926.706(b) 331 Construction 1926.706 330 Limited Access Zone 1926.706(a) 330 Masons' Scaffolds 1926.451(d)(3)(i) 271 1926.451(d)(3)(iii) 271 1926.452(q) 277 Removal 1926.854 362 Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference Addendum 554 Materials Handling Equipment 1926.602 309 Earthmoving 1926.602(a) 309 Excavating 1926.602(b) 309 Lifting and Hauling 1926.602(c) 309 Hazardous Materials, Retention of DOT Markings 1910.1201 148 Rigging Equipment 1926.251 239 Materials Handling and Storage Hazardous Materials, Retention of DOT Markings 1910.1201 148 Materials Storage 1926.250 239 Marine Operations 1926.605 311 Safety Belts 1926.250(b)(2) 239 Mechanical Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.178 37 Medical (see also First Aid) Attention 1926.23 63 Lock 1926.803(b)(9) 351 Services 1926.50 71 Methyl Chloromethyl Ether (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Methylene Chloride Compliance Methods 1910.1052(f) 500 Dates 1910.1052(n) 504 Definitions 1910.1052(b) 498 Employee Information 1910.1052(l) 503 Exposure Monitoring 1910.1052(d) 499 Exposure, Permissible Limits 1910.1052(c) 499 Hygiene Facilities 1910.1052(i) 501 Medical Surveillance 1910.1052(j) 501 1910.1052 Appendix B 506 Protective Clothing 1910.1052(h) 500 Protective Equipment 1910.1052(h) 500 Recordkeeping 1910.1052(m) 503 Regulated Areas 1910.1052(e) 500 Respiratory Protection 1910.1052(g) 500 Scope 1910.1052(a) 498 Training, Employee 1910.1052(l) 503 1910.1052 498 Midrails, Scaffolding 1926.451(e)(4) 272 1926.451(e)(4)(i) 272 1926.451(g)(4) 274
562
INDEX
Motor Vehicles 1926.600 308 1926.601 308 Audible Warning Device 1926.601(b)(3) 308 Brakes 1926.601(b)(1) 308 Cab Shields and Canopies 1926.601(b)(6) 308 Dump Trucks 1926.601(b)(10) 308 1926.601(b)(11) 308 1926.601(b)(12) 309 Inspection 1926.601(b)(14) 309 Lighting 1926.601(b)(2)(i) 308 Mud Flaps 1926.601(b)(13)(i) 309 Obstructed View 1926.601(b)(4) 308 Seat Belts 1926.601(b)(9) 308 Transporting Employees 1926.601(b)(8) 308 Windshields and Wipers 1926.601(b)(5) 308 Multi-Employer Citation Policy Addendum 549
N
Needle Beam Scaffolds 1926.452(u) 277 Nets, Safety 1926.105 223 4-Nitrobiphenyl (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 N-Nitrosodimethylamine (see also Carcinogens) 1910.1003 452 Noise Exposure 1926.52 72 Nonionizing Radiation 1926.54 77 Noxious Gases, Storage Areas 1910.178(i) 39 NRC Licensees 1910.1096(p) 76 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Licensees 1910.1096(p) 76 Radiation Exposure 1926.53(a) 72
O
Optical Density Definition 1926.107(d) 224 OSHA General Duty Clause Addendum 549 Outrigger Scaffolds 1926.452(i) 276 Outside Storage Trucks 1910.178(c)(2)(ix) 39 1910.178(c)(2)(xi) 39 Overcurrent Protection 1926.404(e) 256 Overhead Lines Overhead Wires 1910.333(c)(3) 45 1910.333(c)(3) 45 Overhead Protection 1926.451(h) 274 1926.1003 408 Oxygen Manifolds 1926.350(e) 249
P
Passageways Demolition 1926.851(a) 362 Electrical Equipment 1926.416(b) 264 Inspection 1926.851(b) 362 Permit-Required Confined Spaces 1910.146 22 Permit-Required Confined Spaces (see also Confined Spaces, Permit-Required) 1910.146 22 Personal Fall Arrest Systems 1926.502(d) 289 1926.Appendix C 294 Personal Protective Equipment (see also Respiratory Protection) 1926.28 64 1926.95 205 Cutting, Welding, Heating 1926.353(c)(3) 251 Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices, Use of PPE 1910.333(c)(2) 45 Eye Protection 1926.102 208 Face Protection 1926.102 208 Foot Protection 1910.136, 1926.96 205 General Requirements 1910.132 21 Head Protection 1926.100 207 Hearing Protection 1926.101 208 Helicopter Workers 1926.551(e) 305 Respiratory Protection 1910.134 209 Personal Protective Equipment (see also Term to Which It Applies) Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices, Use of PPE 1910.333(c)(2) 45 Foot Protection 1910.136 22 General Requirements 1910.132 21 Respiratory Protection 1910.134 209 Pier Holes, Bell-Bottom 1926.651(g)(2)(ii) 314 Piers and Wharves 1910.178(c)(2)(x) 39 Piers and Wharves, Trucks Used 1910.178(c)(2)(x) 39 Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603 311 Pipelines, Piping 1926.351(c)(2) 250 1926.351(c)(3) 250 1926.351(c)(4) 250 Planks, Planking Hoists and Elevators 1926.552(b)(3) 306 Scaffolding 1926.451 269 Plans, Written Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(c) 47 Confined Space (Permit Required) 1910.146(c) 23 Electrical Safety 1910.333(b) 44 Hazard Communication 1910.1200(e) 98 Lockout/Tagout 1910.147(c) 34 Personal Protective Equipment/Hazard Assessment 1910.132(d) 21 Respiratory Protection 1910.134(c) 210 Plasterers', Decorators', and Large Area Scaffolds 1926.452(d) 276 Platforms Elevating and Rotating Work 1926.451(f) 273 Lift Trucks (see also Powered Industrial Trucks) 1910.178 37 Pile Driving 1926.603(a)(8) 311 Pneumatic Power Tools 1926.302(b) 243 Positioning Device Systems 1926.502(e) 290 1926.Appendix D 297 Powder-Actuated Tools 1926.302(e) 243 Power Lines 1910.333(c)(3) 45
Section #, Page #
Safety Factor
,
R
Radiant Energy Protection Lasers 1926.102(b)(2) 208 Welding 1926.102(b)(1) 208 Radiation Inert-Gas Metal-Arc Welding 1926.353(d) 251 Ionizing 1926.53 72 1910.1096 72 Nonionizing 1926.54 77 X-Ray Equipment, Electrical Connection 1926.406(d) 261 Radioactive Materials Packaged 1910.1096(h) 76 Storage 1910.1096(j) 76 Railroad Cars 1910.178(k)(4) 40 1910.178(k)(3) 40 1910.178(k)(2) 40 Rated Capacity for Material Handling Rigging Equipment Alloy Steel Chain Slings 1926.251(b) 239 Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses 2001 Data, Summary and Posting 1904.43 20 Annual Summary 1904.32 16 Change in Business Ownership 1904.34 17 Definitions 1904.46 20 Discrimination Prohibited 1904.36 17 Employee Involvement 1904.35 17 Employers With 10 or Fewer Employees 1904.1 9 Establishments with Partial Exemption 1904.2 9 Forms 300, 300A and 301 1904.29 15 2001 Data 1904.43 20 Annual Summary 1904.32 16 Covered Employees 1904.31 16 Multiple Business Establishments 1904.30 16 Old Forms, Retention and Updating 1904.44 20 Retention and Updating 1904.33 16 New Cases, Determination of 1904.6 11 OMB Control Numbers 1904.45 20 OSHA Survey 1904.41 19 Recording Criteria General 1904.4 10 1904.7 12 Medical Removal Under OSHA Standards 1904.9 14 Needlestick and Sharps Injuries 1904.8 14 Occupational Hearing Loss 1904.10 14 Tuberculosis 1904.11 15 Recordkeeping Covered Employees 1904.31 16 Employers With 10 or Fewer Employees 1904.1 9 Establishments with Partial Exemption 1904.2 9 More than One Agency 1904.3 9 Multiple Business Establishments 1904.30 16 Rule Variances 1904.38 17 State Regulations 1904.37 17 Reporting Bureau of Labor Statistics, Requests for Data 1904.42 19 Government Representatives, Providing Records to 1904.40 19 OSHA Survey 1904.41 19 Work-Relatedness, Determination of 1904.5 10
Section #, Page #
Recordkeeping Bloodborne Pathogens, Exposure to 1910.1030(h) 52 1910.1030(f)(6) 51 Ionizing Radiation Exposure 1910.1096(m) 76 1910.1096(n) 76 1910.1096(o) 76 Radiation Exposure 1910.1096(b)(2)(iii) 73 1910.1096(m)(1) 76 1910.1096(n) 76 1910.1096(o)(1) 76 Respirators 1910.134(m) 215 Records, Employee Exposure and Medical 1926.33 64 Refueling Trucks 1910.178(p)(2) 41 Refueling, Trucks 1910.178(p)(2) 41 Regulators, Use of in Gas Welding and Cutting 1926.350(d) 249 1926.350(h) 250 Repaired Cords 1926.403(e) 253 Rescue Crews, Underground Construction 1926.800(g)(5) 344 Respirators Air Supply 1910.134(d) 210 Cleaning 1910.134(h)(1) 213 1910.134(c)(1)(v) 210 Color Codes 1910.134(j) 214 Identification 1910.134(j) 214 Inspection 1910.134(f) 212 1910.134(h)(3) 213 Labeling 1910.134(j) 214 Maintenance 1910.134(h) 213 1910.134(f) 212 Medical Evaluation 1910.134(e) 211 Minimum Acceptable Program 1910.134(c) 210 Repairs 1910.134(h)(4) 214 Selection 1910.134(d) 210 Storage 1910.134(h)(2) 213 Training 1910.134(k) 214 Use 1910.134(g) 212 1910.134(i) 214 1910.134 209 Respiratory Protection (see also Respirators) Air Quality 1910.134(c) 210 1910.134(d) 210 1910.134(i) 214 Air Supply 1910.134(d) 210 Definitions 1910.134(b) 209 Excavations 1926.651(g)(1)(iii) 314 Fit Testing 1910.134(m)(2) 215 1910.134(f) 212 Gas Mask Canister Identification 1910.134(j) 214 Minimum Acceptable Program 1910.134(c) 210 Permissible Practices 1910.134(a) 209 Respirators 1910.134(c) 210 1910.134(b) 209 1910.134(e) 211 Underground Construction 1926.800(g)(2) 344 Use 1910.134(g) 212 1910.134(i) 214 Welding and Cutting 1910.134 209 1926.353(c)(3) 251 Rigging Cranes and Derricks 1926.550 305 Hoists and Elevators 1926.552 306 Materials Handling 1926.251 239 Ring Buoys 1926.106(c) 224 Roadways, Access 1926.602(a)(3) 309 Rollover Protective Structures (see also ROPS) 1926.1000 402 Roof Bracket Scaffolds 1926.452(h) 276 Ropes Cranes and Derricks 1926.550 305 Natural and Synthetic 1926.251(d) 240 Wire Cranes and Derricks 1926.550 305 Hoists and Elevators 1926.552 306 Rigging Equipment 1926.251(c) 240 ROPS (Rollover Protective Structures) 1926.1000 402 Coverage 1926.1000(a) 402 Crawler Tractors 1926.1001 402 Definitions 1926.1001(g) 404 Dozers 1926.1001 402 Equipment, Manufacture Dates 1926.1000(b) 402 1926.1000(c) 402 Existing Requirements 1926.1001(f) 403 Facilities and Apparatus 1926.1001(c) 402 Governmental Requirements 1926.1000(f) 402 Graders 1926.1001 402 Labeling 1926.1000(e) 402 Loaders 1926.1001 402 Overhead Protection 1926.1003 408 Performance Requirements 1926.1001(f) 403 Protective Frames 1926.1002 405 Remounting 1926.1000(d) 402 Scrapers 1926.1001 402 Source of Standard 1926.1001(h) 405 Test Procedures 1926.1001(e) 402 Test Setups 1926.1001(e) 402 Vehicle Condition 1926.1001(d) 402 Vehicle Weight (Definition) 1926.1001(g) 404 Runways 1926.651(c)(1)(ii) 314
S
Safety Belts (see also Belts, Safety, and Seat Belts) 1926.104 223 Safety Devices Base-Mounted Drum Hoists 1926.553(a)(3) 307 Conveyors 1926.555 307 Hoists and Elevators 1926.552 306 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1926.153(d) 235 Pneumatic Power Tools 1926.302(b) 243 Safety Can (Definition) 1926.155(l) 237 Tire Racks 1926.600(a)(2) 308 Safety Factor Definition 1926.32(n) 64 Suspension Wire Ropes 1926.552(c)(14)(iii) 306
INDEX
563
IX Subject Index
Powered Industrial Trucks Approval Labels 1910.178(a)(3) 37 Batteries 1910.178(g) 39 Combustible Dusts 1910.178(c)(2)(vi) 39 Converted 1910.178(d) 39 1910.178(q)(12) 42 Design and Construction 1910.178(a)(2) 37 Designated Locations 1910.178(c) 37 Designations, Trucks D 1910.178(b)(1) 37 DS 1910.178(b)(2) 37 DY 1910.178(b)(3) 37 E 1910.178(b)(4) 37 EE 1910.178(b)(6) 37 ES 1910.178(b)(5) 37 EX 1910.178(b)(7) 37 G 1910.178(b)(8) 37 GS 1910.178(b)(9) 37 LP 1910.178(b)(10) 37 LPS 1910.178(b)(11) 37 1910.178(b) 37 Front-End Attachments 1910.178(a)(5) 37 Fuel Hauling 1910.178(f) 39 Gases and Fumes 1910.178(i) 39 Grain Handling 1910.178(c)(2)(vi) 39 Hazardous Materials 1910.178(c)(2) 37 Lighting 1910.178(h) 39 Loading 1910.178(o) 41 Maintenance 1910.178(q) 41 Markings 1910.178(a)(6) 37 Modifications 1910.178(a)(4) 37 Operations 1910.178(m) 41 1910.178(p) 41 Repairs 1910.178(q) 41 Safety Guards 1910.178(e) 39 Training Operators 1910.178(l) 40 310 Traveling 1910.178(n) 41 Truck Operations 1910.178(m) 41 1910.178(p) 41 Power-Operated Hand Tools 1926.302 243 Pressure Vessels 1926.29(a) 64 Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603(a)(2) 311 Protective Clothing (see also Clothing, Protective) 1910.132 21 Protective Equipment (see also Personal Protective Equipment) 1926.95 205
IX
Safety Fuses Safety Fuses 1926.907 367 Safety Nets 1926.105 223 Safety Training and Education 1926.21 63 Salamanders, Solid Fuel 1926.154(d) 237 Sanitation 1926.27 64 1926.51 71 Change Rooms 1926.51(i) 72 Compressed Air 1926.803(k) 353 Food Handling 1926.51(d) 71 Temporary Sleeping Quarters 1926.51(e) 71 Toilets 1926.51(c) 71 Vermin Control 1926.51(h) 72 Washing Facilities 1926.51(f) 71 Water 1926.51(a) 71 1926.51(b) 71 Scaffolding, Scaffolds Access 1926.451(e) 272 Aerial Lifts 1926.453 278 Boatswains' Chair 1926.452(o) 277 Bricklayers' Square 1926.452(e) 276 Carpenters' Bracket 1926.452(g) 276 Catenary 1926.452(r) 277 Crawling Boards or Chicken Ladders 1926.452(m) 276 Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms 1926.453 278 Fabricated Frame 1926.452(c) 275 Fall Protection 1926.451(g) 273 Falling Object Protection 1926.451(h) 274 Float or Ship 1926.452(s) 277 Form 1926.452(g) 276 Horse 1926.452(f) 276 Interior Hung 1926.452(t) 277 Ladder Jack 1926.452(k) 276 Ladder Trucks 1926.453(b)(1) 278 Manually Propelled Mobile 1926.453 278 Masons' 1926.452(q) 277 Mobile 1926.452(w) 277 Multi-Level Suspended 1926.452(v) 277 Needle Beam 1926.452(u) 277 Outrigger 1926.452(i) 276 Plasterers', Decorators', and Large Area 1926.452(d) 276 Pole 1926.452(a) 275 Pump Jack 1926.452(j) 276 Repair Bracket 1926.452(x) 278 Roofing Brackets and Catch Platforms 1926.452(h) 276 Single-Point Adjustable Suspension 1926.452(o) 277 Step, Platform, Trestle 1926.452(n) 276 Stilts 1926.452(y) 278 Stonesetters 1926.452(q) 277 Supported, Criteria 1926.451(c) 270 Suspension, Criteria 1926.451(d) 271 Swinging Two-Point Suspension 1926.452(p) 277 Training 1926.454 279 Trestle Ladder 1926.452(n) 276 Tube and Coupler 1926.452(b) 275 Two-Point Adjustable Suspension 1926.452(p) 277 Window Jack 1926.452(l) 276 Wood Pole 1926.452(a) 275 Scientific Diving Appendix B 421 1910.401(a)(2)(iv) 415 1910.402 415 Screens Compressed Air 1926.803(m) 354 Inert-Gas Metal-Arc Welding 1926.353(d)(1)(ii) 251 Shielding 1926.351(e) 250 Screw Jacks 1926.305 245 Seat Belts Earthmoving Equipment 1926.602(a)(2) 309 Motor Vehicles 1926.601(b)(9) 308 Shackles 1926.251(f) 241 Shafts (see also Underground Construction) 1926.800(a) 344 Sharps Injury Log 1910.1030(h)(5), Addendum 551 Shielding Arc Welding and Cutting 1926.351(e) 250 Battery Rooms and Charging 1926.441(a)(5) 264 Ship Scaffolds 1926.451(h)(2) 275 Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing 1926.30 64 Shoring Concrete and Concrete Forms 1926.703(b) 329 Excavations 1926.652(c) 315 Signaling, Signals 1926.201 238 Cranes and Hoists 1926.201(b) 238 Helicopters 1926.551(n) 305 Signs, Accident Prevention 1926.200 238 Conveyors 1926.555(a)(7) 307 Explosives 1926.902(h) 365 1926.903(m) 365 Signs and Tags Respirators 1910.134(j) 214 Site Clearing 1926.604 311 Excavations 1926.651(a) 313 1926.651(j) 314 Fire Prevention 1926.151(c) 226 Skiffs, Lifesaving 1926.106(d) 224 Sleeping Quarters, Temporary 1926.51(e) 71 Slings 1926.551(c) 305 Smoking 1926.151(a)(3) 226 Soil Classification for Excavations 1926.652(b) 315 1926.Appendix A 316 Spectacles 1926.102(a)(3) 208
564
INDEX
Spray Booths Design and Construction 1926.57(h)(3) 89 1926.66 201 Location and Application 1926.57(h)(2) 89 Make-Up Air 1926.57(h)(7) 91 Velocity and Air Flow 1926.57(h)(6) 90 Ventilation 1926.66(d) 202 Stairways (see also Ladders) 1926.851 362 Demolition, Use During 1926.851 362 Spiral Stairways 1926.1051(a)(1) 411 1926.1052(c)(2) 412 Stairrails and Handrails 1926.1052(c) 412 Temporary Service 1926.1052(b) 412 Training Requirements 1926.1060 414 Standpipes 1926.150(d)(2) 226 Static Charges 1926.551(j) 305 Steel Reinforcing 1926.701(b) 328 1926.703(d) 329 Removal of 1926.858 363 Steel Erection Approval to Begin 1926.752(a) 333 Beams and Columns 1926.756 335 Column Splices 1926.756(d) 335 Diagonal Bracing 1926.756(b) 335 Double Connections 1926.756(c)(1) 335 Perimeter Columns 1926.756(e) 335 Column Anchorage 1926.755 335 Commencement 1926.752(b) 333 Controlled Decking Zone 1926.760(c) 338 1926.Appendix D 341 Definitions 1926.751 332 Fall Hazard Training 1926.761(b) 338 Fall Protection 1926.760 338 1926.Appendix G 341 Falling Object Protection 1926.759 338 Hoisting and Rigging 1926.753 333 Load Placement and Landing 1926.757(e) 337 Scope 1926.750 332 Site Layout 1926.752(c) 333 Site-Specific Erection Plan 1926.752(e) 333 1926.Appendix A 338 Steel Joists Attachment 1926.757(b) 336 Erection 1926.757(c) 336 1926.757(d) 337 Open Web 1926.757 336 Structural Steel Assembly 1926.754 334 Metal Decking 1926.754(e) 335 Plumbing-Up 1926.754(d) 335 Structural Stability 1926.754(a) 334 Walking/Working Surfaces 1926.754(c) 334 Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings 1926.758 337 Training 1926.761 338 Storage Batteries 1910.178(g) 39 Respirators 1910.134(h)(2) 213 Storage (see also Materials Storage) Batteries 1910.178(g) 39 Demolition 1926.857 363 Explosives 1926.904 366 Indoor 1926.151(d) 226 LP Gas Containers 1926.153(j) 236 1926.153(k) 236 Materials Handling 1926.250 239 Open Yard 1926.151(c) 226 Outdoor 1926.152(c) 227 Respirators 1910.134(h)(2) 213
T
Tag Lines 1926.551(c) 305 Tags, Accident Prevention 1926.200(h) 238 Conveyors 1926.555(a)(7) 307 Electric Circuits, Tagging of 1926.417 264 Tanks, Portable, Outside Storage 1926.152(c)(4) 227 Tapered Cords 1926.403(e) 253 Testing Radiation Alarm 1910.1096(f)(3) 75 Threshold Limit Values 1926.55 Appendix A 77 Timber Shoring, Alternatives 1926.Appendix E 325 Tire Safety Rack 1926.600(a)(2) 308 Toilets 1926.51(c) 71 Tools, Hand and Power 1926.300 242 Air Receivers 1926.306 245 Grounding 1926.404(f)(7)(iv) 257 Hand 1926.301 243 1926.302 243 Power-Transmission Apparatus, Mechanical 1926.307 245 Torches 1926.350(g) 250 Toxic Metals (Welding, Cutting, and Heating) 1926.353(c) 251 Preservative Coatings 1926.354(d) 252 Tractors (see also Powered Industrial Trucks) 1910.178 37 Training Personnel Bloodborne Pathogens, Exposure to 1910.1030(e)(5) 50 1910.1030(g)(2) 52 Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices 1910.332 43 Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(i) 76 Respirators 1910.134(k) 214 Truck Operators 1910.178(l) 40 310 Trenching (see also Excavations) 1926.650 313
,
Section #, Page #
X-Ray Equipment Trucks Converted Industrial 1910.178(d) 39 Dump Trucks 1926.601(b)(10) 308 1926.601(b)(11) 308 1926.601(b)(12) 309 Highway 1910.178(k) 40 1910.178(m) 41 Industrial 1926.602(c) 309 Off-Highway 1926.602(a)(7) 309 Powered Industrial 1910.178 37 1910.178(k) 40 1910.178(m) 41 Tube and Coupler Scaffolds 1926.452(b) 275 Tuberculosis 1904.11 15 Tunnels and Shafts (see also Underground Construction) 1926.800 344
U
V
Vapors (Airborne Contaminants) 1926.55 77 Variances from Safety and Health Standards 1926.2 54
Section #, Page #
W
Warning Devices and Signs (see also Signs and Tags) Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(g)(1) 51 Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(f) 75 Warning Devices and Signs (see also Signs, Tags) Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(g)(1) 51 Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(f) 75 Washing Facilities 1926.51(f) 71 Waste Disposal Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1030(d)(4)(iii) 49 Ionizing Radiation 1910.1096(k) 76 Radiation 1910.1096(k) 76 Water Marine Operations 1926.605 311 Nonpotable 1926.51(b) 71 Potable 1926.51(a) 71 Supply (for Fire Protection) 1926.150(b) 225 Working Over or Near 1926.106 224 Webbing, Synthetic (for Slings) 1926.251(e) 241 Welding and Cutting 1926.350 249 Aerial Lifts, Standards for 1926.453(b)(5) 279 Electric Welders, Electrical Connection 1926.406(c) 261 Eye Protection 1926.102(b) 208 LP-Gas Containers 1926.153(b) 235 Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Addendum 549 Window Jack Scaffolds 1926.452(l) 276 Wire Ropes (see also Ropes, Wire) 1926.251(c) 240 1926.550 305 1926.552 306 Wood Pole Scaffolds 1926.451(b) 270 Woodworking Tools 1926.304 244
IX Subject Index
Underground Installations 1926.651(b) 313 Transportation of Explosives 1926.903 365 Underground Construction Access and Egress 1926.800(b) 344 Air Quality 1926.800(j) 345 Blasting 1926.800(p) 348 Check-In/Check-Out 1926.800(c) 344 Communications 1926.800(f) 344 Definitions 1926.800(u) 350 Drilling 1926.800(q) 348 Electrical Safety 1926.800(s) 349 Emergency Provisions 1926.800(g) 344 Fire Prevention and Control 1926.800(m) 347 Gassy Operations 1926.800(i) 345 Ground Support 1926.800(o) 347 Haulage 1926.800(r) 348 Hazardous Classifications 1926.800(h) 345 Hoisting 1926.800(g)(1) 344 Illumination 1926.800(l) 346 Notification of Hazards 1926.800(e) 344 Safety Instruction 1926.800(d) 344 Ventilation 1926.800(k) 346 Welding and Cutting 1926.800(n) 347 Underwater Blasting 1926.912 368
Ventilation 1926.57 83 Air Quality, Underground Construction 1926.800(k) 346 Compressed Air 1926.803(i) 353 Preservative Coatings 1926.354 252 Temporary Heating Devices 1926.154(a) 236 Welding and Cutting 1926.353 251 Vests, Buoyant 1926.106 224
IX
X
X-Ray Equipment 1926.406(d) 261
INDEX
565
X-Ray Equipment
Notes
566
INDEX
Section #, Page #