WASTE MANAGEMENT
What is waste? Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use.
Types of waste Liquid waste Liquid waste refers to all grease, oil, sludges, wash water, waste detergents and dirty water that have been thrown away. They are hazardous and poisonous to our environment and are found in industries as well as households. Wastewater, as it is often called, is any waste that exists in liquid form. There are two categories of liquid waste: non-point and point source waste. Manufactured liquid wastes are called point source, and non-point source wastes occur naturally in our environment.
Solid Waste Solid waste is any garbage, sludge, and refuse found in industrial and commercial locations. The five major types of solid rubbish are; Glass and Ceramics: Numerous companies readily recycle ceramics and glass. The catch here is that you have to dispose of them correctly. Plastic waste: Plastic waste is any container, jar, bottle, and bag that is found in companies and houses. Plastics are non-biodegradable, and most of them cannot be recycled. Do not mix plastic rubbish with regular waste. Instead, sort them out before throwing them away. Paper rubbish: This refers to all newspapers, packaging materials, cardboards, and other paper products. Paper is recyclable. Metals and Tins: You can easily find tins and metals in homes because food containers and household materials are made from them. Most metals are recyclable, so take them to a scrap yard or recycling depot after use. You should get a skip hire and use it to transport your solid waste.
Organic Waste Organic waste refers to rotten meat, garden and food waste. This type of rubbish is commonly found in homes. With time, they decompose and turn into manure by the action of microorganisms on them. When decomposing, organic waste produces methane, so, it must not be thrown away with regular waste.
Recyclable Waste All discarded items like metals, furniture, organic waste that can be recycled fall under this category. Not all items are recyclable, so you have to be careful when putting things into the recycle bin. If you are not sure whether an item is recyclable or not, then check the item’s packaging.
Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste includes flammable, corrosive, toxic and reactive materials. In a nutshell, they are wastes that pose a significant or potential threat to our environment.
Sinages
Waste disposal
Graphics
Segregation
Collection
Sanitation Transportation
Garbage collector
Waste treatment Solid waste management
Segregation
Rag pickers
BRAINSTORMING Safe disposal
Treatment before discharge Landfills
Selling Ragman
Vermicomposting Attitude towards garbage Diseases
Awareness
Society
How is waste collected from my area ?
Dry waste
Waste is kept in two different bins inside home
Waste collection by MCG (Miniciple Corporation Gurugram) . Happens everyday. Wet waste is kept in one side and dry on other side
WASTE
Wet waste Just two compartments of waste in trucks - dry and wet
After collection cycle Waste taken from homes by MCG people
Collects waste from 100 homes a day
Remaining which cannot be recycled goes to Gazipur, New Delhi landfill area
Then takes the waste to a land with is 1 km away
The Thefrom fromOkhla Okhlalandfill landfill various variouscompanies companies come cometototake takematerials materials totomake makerecyclable recyclable products. products.And Andrest restare are sent senttotogovernment government contracted contractedcompanies companies for forrecycling. recycling.
Then the rag pickers come to take valuable and sell them to the ragman to earn their living
Then from that land after 4 or 5 days, big trucks come to take the garbage to Okhla Phase-1 , New Delhi landfill area.
(PLEASE NOTE: INFORMATION GIVEN BY THE AREA WASTE COLLECTOR)
SOCIETY WASTE COLLECTOR
Saahas Ngo Started by a lady who was a tourist guide by profession. Like to travel and loves India for it's beauty. But what pinched her was the garbage all around. She decided to open an NGO and her friends helped in the investment and later on she got more helping hands from thereon.
Saahas Zero Waste Started as an NGO in 2001, Saahas has over the past decade evolved into a for-profit business under the brand name of Saahas Zero Waste. The Bengaluru-based startup, backed by Indian Angel Networks and Upaya Social Ventures, today caters to clients from Bengaluru and Chennai. The social enterprise has diverted over 15,000 tonnes of waste from reaching landfills, and currently prevents 25 tonnes of waste from reaching dump yards on a daily basis. Read more at: https://yourstory.com/2017/11/waste-management-startups
Box 8 meals Packaging In addition to being visually stunning, are reusable and 100% recyclable. From the card-stock sleeve that holds everything together, the boxes and meal trays, right down to the spoon. Here’s a little more about the materials used. Recyclable Grade 5 (PP) – All BOX8 containers are made using recyclable food grade plastic. Just flip over your meal box and tray.The boxes are safe for food and microwave safe. However, the box can be microwaved once and should not be used as a microwavable container for subsequent use. All spoons you get with your meals can be recylced as well. Recycled paper: All our paper boxes and meal tray sleeves are made with 100% recycled paper and can be recycled as well. Reusable containers– All boxes from BOX8 can be used for storage of dry food and other ingredients. One of our BOX8 users who is a gardening enthusiast, used it to even grow her plants!
Vending Machines for Waste collection
Landfill Gas Energy
Under the anaerobic (oxygen free) conditions of landfill sites, organic waste is broken down by micro-organisms, leading to the formation of landfill gas (LFG). LFG is a gaseous mixture which consists mostly of methane and carbon dioxide, but also of a small amount of hydrogen and occasionally trace levels of hydrogen sulphide. LFG capture projects aim at preventing the emissions of methane and other pollutants from landfills. The basic idea behind the technology is that the landfills are covered (e.g. by a layer of earth) and that LFG is extracted from landfills using a series of wells and a blower/flare (or vacuum) system. This system directs the collected gas to a central point where it can be processed and treated depending upon the ultimate use of the gas. From this point, the gas can be simply flared (thereby converting methane into CO2) or used to generate electricity and/or heat, replace fossil fuels in industrial and manufacturing operations, or fuel greenhouse operations. The gas could also be upgraded (purified) to natural gas standards.
Waste Management by Rag pickers India’s massive reserve of ragpickers – their numbers are estimated between 1.5 million and 4 million; Delhi itself has over 500,000. They live in extreme poverty, with no sanitation, less food and unhealthy environment. Ragpickers sustain themselves by collecting, sorting and segregating waste and then trading it. In doing so, they help clean up a significant proportion of the 62 million tonnes of waste generated annually in India. Ragpickers across India work without any job security, salary and dignity and are also exposed to adverse health effects like infections, respiratory diseases and tuberculosis. They are regularly exposed to cuts, infections, respiratory diseases and tuberculosis apart from poverty, humiliation, harassment, and sexual abuse on the streets. India will, in another couple of decades, generate nearly thrice the waste it currently does “165 million tonnes by 2030 and 450 million tonnes by 2050”.
(PLEASE NOTE: INFORMATION SOURCE IS https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/waste-management-ragpickerstragic-story-behind-indias-informal-sector-7507/
Micro-organisms in Landfill
Micro - organisms
Air
Soil
Solid Waste
Bacteria
Bacillus subtilis Flavobacterium spp. Staphylococcus spp. Micrococcus spp. Clostridium spp Serratia spp.
Bacillus megaterium Staphylococcus spp. Micrococcus spp. Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Flavobacterium spp.
Enterobacter spp. Bacillus spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae Escherichia coli Streptococcus spp.
Aspergillus fumigatus Penicillium spp.
Fungi
Penicillium spp. Cladosporium spp. Fusarium spp. Mucor spp. Aspergillus niger Alternaria spp
INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers
Diseases by Micro-organisms Micro - organisms
Bacteria
Possible symptoms and diseases
Bacillus megaterium - Ear infections to meningitis, urinary tract infections Bacillus subtilis Clostridium spp. - Wide variety of human infections or illnesses: brain abscess, pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, cholecystitis, bacteraemia, tetanus, diarrhoea Enterobacter spp. - Bacteraemia, lower respiratory tract infection, skin infection, urinary tract infections, ophthalmic infections, largely endotoxin produced, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis Escherichia coli - Urinary tract infections (urethra, bloody diarrhoea and kidney failure), intestinal diseases and meningitis in newborns Flavobacterium spp. - Cotton-wool disease, bacterial gill disease (BGD), bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), serious bacterial disease Klebsiella pneumoniae - Mammalian mucosal surfaces, urinary tract, osteomyelitis Micrococcus spp. - Human skin disease, blood sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis Streptococcus spp. - Nose infections, fish pathogens, teeth and gums near loss Streptococcus faecalis Serratia spp. - Human intestine infection, urinary tract, wound and blood-stream infections, human nosocomial infections, pneumonia Staphylococcus spp. - Toxic shock syndrome
INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers
Stray animals in dumping yards Animals
No. per day
Pigs
450
Dogs
45
Cows
25
Crows
150
Kites
45
INFORMATION SOURCE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257947139_Solidwaste_Management_and_role_of_rag_pickers
Questionnaire for Rag pickers Q1.What is your age? Q2. Are you educated? Q3. Where do you sell your collections of the day? Regularly to a single place then why? Q4. How much money do you get for a day? Q5. From where do you collect rag? Q6. What all do you collect as rag? Q7. Do you go to landfills to collect waste? Q8. Do you know that collection from open waste land is hazardous for your health? Q9.What do you wear while collecting garbage from landfills? Q10. Have you faced any disease because of collecting garbage? Q11.How much waste do you collect in a day?
Some People Interviewed
Analysis of the Questionnaire AGE
People interviewed 10
EDUCATION
0
10%
w2
30%
Belo
40 - 50
e
50
a
nd
10%
No Education
Till 10th Till 5th
v bo
a
30 - 40 20 - 30
30%
20% 80%
10%
10%
SELL TO WHOM
EARNINGS OF THE DAY
PLACES OF COLLECTION
Earnings of the day
110 105
100%
Rag Man
Nearby areas Roads Empty plots Dustbins Street food carts Footpath Vegetable sellers Markets Landfills
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 2
1
1
1
4
No. people earning
1
CLOTHES WHILE WASTE COLLECTION
DISEASES
Skin allergies Asthma Dirty and Torn clothes
Whooping cough Liver illness Mixed illness
Rubber chappals
COLLECTED AS RAG
WASTE COLLECTION OF A DAY (per person)
12 kg(min) 14 kg(max)
Plastic bottle Glass bottle Metal waste
Tyres
Cardboard waste Paper waste
Some Facts Ragpickers in India account for 1.5 to 4 million
2030 India will generate 165 tonns
2050 India will generate 450 tonns
India generates 62 million tonns of waste every year
70% Waste is collected by municiple bodies by door to door collection process
30% Waste is collected by ragpickers from streets, empty lands, drainage systems and parks
My Idea of Segregation of products
-
Organic Waste
Paper Waste
Metal Waste
Plastic Waste
Hazardeous Waste
Medical Waste DANGER
E-Waste
+
BATTERY
Glass Waste
In which bin the product will be disposed will be told by thedot available on the product itself
My Idea of Segregation of waste by households Metal
Bones
Broken utencils Paper
Batteries Plastic
Tea leaves
Meat
Kitchen waste
Cardboard waste
Dry Waste
Wet Waste
Fruits
Decrease the work of the waste collectors Less time consuming by the rag pickers
Medical Waste
My Idea for awareness AWARENESS
SOCIETY
RAGPICKERS
NGO
Cleaner surroundings
Cleaner surroundings
Upliftment in the society
Segregation of waste
Healthy environment
Working for humanity
Working for humanity
Working for humanity
Vaccination to children
City cleaners not ragpickers
City cleaners not ragpickers
Free from malnutrition
Live in poverty, no sanitation, misused, no food and illness
Live in poverty, no sanitation, misused, no food and illness
Connecting them to recycling units for fair payments
Working without recoganition
Working without recoganition Starting toll free numbers
Seperated from society Toll free numbers
Believe in us we are working for your betterment and upliftment in society
Clothes donation from people
Changes in lives after this system CHANGES
SOCIETY
RAGPICKERS
NGO
Cleaner surroundings
Better future to children
Upliftment in the society
Healthy environment
Educating them
Working for humanity
City cleaners
Hygenic betterment
Connecting them to recycling units
Don’t seperate them from society
Free from malnutrition
Toll free numbers if you see any ragpicker every at single place
Connection to more recycling units
More people donating for society More NGO’s comming up
Upliftment in society Upliftment in living Tool makes it easier to collect
STORY OF EVERY RAGPICKER
boards and streets campaigns on story garbageand throwing People Small littering them and spreading diseases to many
Rag picker goes to the landfills and comes in contact with bacterias and germs.
Rag picker comes to collect recyclable waste. Cleans most part of the streets.
The stinky smell from the rag pickers and dirty clothes make them apart from the society.
This is a site of a landfill where there are germs and bacterias that can make anyone ill.
They get ill and still work for the society to earn a living. Left without medical treatment.
2030 India will generate 165 tonns
2050 India will generate 450 tonns
30% Waste is collected by ragpickers from streets, empty lands, drainage systems and parks
CITY CLEANERS It’s not the society It’s the mentality Lives in pover�� with no water, sanitation, food and medical t�eat�ent
LOT OF WASTE GENERATION WHO WILL COLLECT FROM STREETS????
City Cleaner Work of humanit�
Without recoganition
Seperated from societ�
Seg�egaters of waste
Cleaners
Educating
Suppor�ing
Helping
CITY CLEANERS If they can do so much for the societ� then why cannot we do
Tools for collection
Proper clothing
Immunization
Medical t�eat�ents
Proper sanitation
Promotion of tools for easy cleaning CITY CLEANERS