bibliografia

BIBLIOGRAFIA

A. Fonti Altmann, Richard Über die Nuleisdäuren, “Archiv fürAnatomie und Physiologie”, 1889, pp.

524-36.

Avery, Oswald Theodore, MacLoad, Colin Munro, McCarty, Maclyn.

Studies on the chemical transformation of pneumococcal types, “Journal of Experimental Medicine”, 79, 1944, pp. 137-58. von Baer, Karl Ernst Das allgemeine Gesetz der Entwickelungsgeschichte der Natur, Königsberg, Bornträger, 1834 (rist.: St. Petersburg, Schmitzdorff, 1864).

De ovi mammalium et hominis genesi. Epistola ad Academiam Imperialem Scientiarum Petropolitanam. Cum tabula aenea, Leipzig, Voss, 1827.

Reden gehalten in wissenschaftlichen Versammlungen und kleinere Aufsätze vermischten Inhalts, St. Petersburg, Schmitzdorff, 1864-1876, 3 v. (2. ed.: Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1886). Über Darwins Lehre, in: Studien aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, St. Petersburg, Schmitzdorff, 1873-1876, 2 v.; v. II, 1876, pp.

235-480. Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere. Beobachtung und Reflexion, Königsberg, Bornträger, 1828-1837, 2 v.

Baltimore, David Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, “Nature”, 226, 1970, pp. 1209211.

238 Beadle, George Wells, Tatum, Edward Lawrie Genetic control of biochemical reactions in “Neurospora”, “Proceedings of the National Acaddemy of Sciences USA”, 27, 1941, pp. 499-506.

Beale, Lionel On the structure of the simple tissues of the human body, London, Churchill, 1861.

Bernal, John Desmond The physical basis of life, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1951.

Bernard, Claude Introduction à l’étude de la médecine expérimentale, Paris, Baillière, 1865 (ripr. facs.: Paris, Nouvel Office d’édition, 1963; trad. it.: Introduzione allo studio della medicina sperimentale, a cura di Francesco Ghiretti, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1973).

Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux, Paris, Baillière, 1878-1879, 2 v. (altra ed.: Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux plantes [1878], réédité avec une préface de Georges Canguilhem, Paris, Vrin, 1966).

Leçons sur les propriétés des tissus vivants, Paris, E. Aglave, 1866.

Leçons sur les propriétés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de l’organisme, Paris, Baillière, 1859, 2 v.

Notes sur le progrès de la physiologie, manuscrit inédit présenté par Mirko D. Grmek, Paris, Collège de France, 1979.

Berthelot, Marcellin Recherches de thermochimie, “Annales de chimie et de physique”, s. 4, 4, 1865, pp. 290-464.

Sur les principes généraux de la thermochimie, “Annales de chimie et de physique”, s. 5, 4, 1875, pp. 51-132, 141-214.

Berzelius, Jöns Jacob Bref utgifna af Kungl. Svenska vetenskapskademiens genom, a cura di Henrik Gustaf Söderbaum, Stockholm-Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksell, 19121941, 12 v., 3 suppl.

Einige Ideen über eine bei der Bildung organischer Verbindungen in der lebenden Natur wirksame aber bisher nicht bemerkte Kraft, “Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der physischen Wissenschaften”, 15, 1836, pp. 137-145.

Bibliografia 239 Lärbok i kemien, Stockholm, Nordstrøm, 1817-1828, 5 v. (trad. ted.: Lehrbuch der Chemie, hrsg. von Friedrich Wöhler, Dresden, Arnold, 18201831, 4 v.; 3. ed.: 1833-1840, 9 v.).

Mémoires sur la composition des fluides animaux, “Annales de chimie”, 88, 1813, pp. 26-72, 113-141; 89, 1814, pp. 20-45.

Sur l’acide lactique, “Annales de chimie et de physique”, 46, 1831, pp.

420-428. Über einige Fragen des Tages in der organischen Chemie, “Annalen der Pharmacie”, 31, 1839, pp. 4-35.

Bichat, Marie-François-Xavier Recherches physiologiques sur la vie et la mort, Paris, Brosson et Gabon, 1800.

Bonnet, Charles Considérations sur les corps organisés, où l’on traite de leur origine, de leur développement, de leur reproduction, Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey, 1762, 2 v.

Contemplation de la nature, Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey, 1764, 2 v. (trad. it.: Contemplazione della natura, tradotta in italiano e corredata di note, e curiose osservazioni dall’abate Spallanzani, Modena, Giovanni Montanari, 1769-1770, 2 v.).

Mémoire sur les germes, et en particulier sur la manière dont on peut concevoir qu’ils sont nourris et qu’ils croissent, dans l’hypothèse de l’emboîtement (1773), in: Oeuvres d’histoire naturelle et de philosophie, v. V, pt. I. Oeuvres d’histoire naturelle et de philosophie, Neuchâtel, Fauche, 17791783, 18 v.

Science against unbelievers: the correspondence of Bonnet and Needham (17601780), edited by Renato G. Mazzolini and Shirley A. Roe, Oxford, The Voltaire Foundation, 1986.

Boveri, Theodor Heinrich Über den Antheil des Spermatozoon an der Theilung des Eies, Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Morphologie und Physiologie in München”, 9, 1887. Über mehrpolige Mitosen als Mittel zur Analyse des Zellkerns, “Verhandlungen der Physikalischen-medizinischen Gesellschaft zu Würzburg”, 35, 1902, pp. 67-90.

Zellenstudien I-VI, “Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft”, 21, 1887, pp. 423-515; 22, 1888, pp. 685-882; 24, 1890, pp. 314-401; 35, 1901, pp. 1-220; 39, 1905, pp. 445-524; 43, 1907, pp. 1-292.

240 Über Mehrpolige Mitosen als Mittel zur Analyse des Zellkerns, “Verh. Phys.

Med. Ges. Würzburg”, 35, 1902, pp. 67-90.

Brenner, Sydney - Jacob, Francois - Meselson, Matthew An unstable intermediate carring information from genes to ribosomes for protein synthesis, “Nature”, 190, 1961, pp. 576-81.

Brown, Robert Character and description of Kingia, a new genus of plants found on the southwest coast of New Holland: with observations on the structure of its unimpregnated ovulum; and on the female flower of Cycadeae and Coniferae, in: King, Philip Parker, Narrative of a survey of the intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia, performed between the years 1818 and 1822. With an appendix, containing subjects relative to hydrography and natural history, London, 1827, 2 v.; v. II, pp. 534-65.

Observations on the structure and affinities of the more remarkable plants collected by the late Walter Oudney, M.D., and Major Denham and Captain Clapperton in the years 1822, 1823 and 1824, during their expedition to explore Central Africa, London, Murray, 1826. von Brücke, Ernst Wilhelm Die Elementarorganismen, “Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Sitzungsberichte”, 44, 1862, 2, pp. 381-406.

Büchner, Eduard Alkoholische Gährung ohne Hefezellen, “Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft”, 30, 1897, pp. 117-124, 1110-113. de Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc Oeuvres philosophiques, texte établi et présenté par Jean Piveteau, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1954.

Histoire (générale) des animaux. Histoire naturelle de l’homme, in: Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière avec la description du Cabinet du Roi, II, 1749, pp. 1-426 (rist. in: Oeuvres philosophiques, pp. 233-89).

Cannon, Walter Bradford Organization for physiological homeostasis, “Physiological review”, 9, 1929, pp. 399-431.

Bibliografia 241 Physiological regulation of normal states: some tentatives concerning biological homeostatics, in: À Charles Richet, édité par Auguste Pettit, Paris, Edition Médicales, 1926, pp. 91-93 (già in: “Transactions of the congress american physicians and surgeons”, 12, 1925, p. 31 e segg.).

The wisdom of the body, New York, Norton, 1932 (altra ed.: New York, Norton, 1963).

Chargaff, Erwin Chemical specificity of nucleic acids and mechanism of their enzymatic degradation, in “Experientia”, 6, 1950, pp. 201-09.

Chevreul, Michel-Eugène Considérations générales sur l’analyse organique et sur ses applications, Paris, Levrault, 1824.

Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d’origine animale, Paris, Levrault, 1823.

Cohen, Seymous Stanley - Stanley, Wendell Meredith The molecular size and shape of the nucleic acid of tobacco mosaic virus, in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”, 144, 1942, pp. 589-98.

Crick, Francis Harry Compton - Watson, James Dewey The complementary structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, “Proceedings of Royal Society. London A”, 223, 1954, pp. 80-96.

Crick, Francis Harry Compton Molecular structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid and nucleoprotein and possible implications in protein synthesis, “Biochemical Society Symposia”, 14, 1957, pp. 23-34.

On protein synthesis, “Simposia of the Society for Experimental Biology”, 12, 1958, pp. 138-67.

Davson, Hugh, Danielli, James Frederic The permeability of natural membranes (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1943).

Dounce, Alexander Latham Duplicating mechanism for peptide chain and nucleic acid synthesis, “Enzymologia”, 15, 1952, pp. 251-58.

Nucleic acids and template hypotheses, “Nature”, 172, 1953, pp. 541-42.

242 Dutrochet, Henri Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire anatomique et physiologique des végétaux et des animaux, Paris, Baillière, 1837, 3 v.

Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la structure intime des animaux et des végétaux, et sur leur motilité, Paris, Baillière, 1824.

Fick, Adolf- Wislicenus, Johannes Über die Entstehung der Muskelkraft, “Vierteljahrsschrift der Zürcher Naturforschenden Gesellschaft”, 10, 1865, pp. 317-348.

Fischer, Emil Einfluss der Konfiguration auf die Wirkung der Enzyme, in “Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft”, 27, 1894, pp. 2985-93.

Gamow, George - Ycas, Martynas Possible relation between deoxyribonucleic acid and protein structures, “Nature”, 173, 1954, p. 318.

Statistical correlation of protein and ribonucleic acid composition, “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA”, 41, 1955, pp.

1011-19.

Garrod, Archibald The incidence of alkaptonuria: A study in chemical individuality, in “Lancet”, II, 1902, pp. 1616-20.

The Croonian Lectures, on inborn errors of metabolism, “Lancet”, I, 1908, pp. 1-7; 142-48; 173-79; 214-20.

Golgi, Camillo Opera omnia, a cura di R. Fusari, G. Marenghi, L. Sala (v. I, II, III), e di L. Sala, E. Veratti, G. Sala (v. IV), Milano, Hoepli, 1903-1929, 4 v.

Granville Harrison, Ross The outgrowth of the nerve fiber as a mode of protoplasmic outgrowth, “Journal of experimental biology”, 9, 1910, pp. 787-846.

Griffith, Frederick The significance of pneumococcal types, “Journal of Hygiene”, 27, 1928, pp.

113-59.

Bibliografia 243 Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson The Biochemistry of the Individual, in J. Needham, D.E. Green (a cura di), Perspectives in Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1937, pp. 1-10.

What is life?, London: Alcuin Press, 1949 The origin of life. The Rationalist Annual for the Year 1929, edited by Charles A. Watts, London, The Rationalist Press Association, pp. 3-10 von Haller, Albrecht Elementa physiologiae corporis humani, Lausanne, M.-M. Bousquet, S. d’Arnay, F. Grasset; Bern, Societas Typographica, 1757-1766, 8 v.

Harshey, Alfred Day - Chase, Martha Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage, “Journal of General Physiology”, 36, 1952, pp. 39-56. von Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Opere, a cura di Vincenzo Cappelletti, Torino, Utet, 1967 Über die Erhaltung der Kraft, eine physikalische Abhandlung, Berlin, Reimer, 1847.

Henneguy, Louis-Félix Leçons sur la cellule. Morphologie et reproduction, Paris, Carré, 1896.

Hertwig, Oscar Die Zelle und die Gewebe. Grundzüge der allgemeinen Anatomie und Physiologie, Jena, Fischer, 1893-1898, 2 v.; v. I: Allgemeine Anatomie und Physiologie der Zelle, 1893; v. II: Allgemeine Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewebe, 1898 (trad. franc.: La cellule et les tissus. Éléments d’anatomie et de physiologie générales, traduit par Charles Julin, Paris, Carré, 1893-1899, 2 v.; 2. ed.: 1894).

Zeit- und Streitfragen der Biologie, Jena, Fischer, 1894-1897, 2 v.; v. I: Präformation oder Epigenese?, 1894.

Hoagland, Mahlon - Zamecnick, Paul Charles Intermediate Reactions in Protein Biosynthesis, “Federation Proceedings”, 16, 1957, p. 197.

Hofmeister, Franz Die chemische Organisation der Zelle, Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1901.

244 Hooke, Robert Micrographia, or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses, with observations and inquiries thereupon, London, John Martyn & James Allestry, 1665 (New York, Dover, 1961).

The diary of Robert Hooke, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., 1672-1680, transcribed from the original in the possession of the Corporation of the city of London (Guildhall library), edited by Henry W. Robinson and Walter Adams, London, Taylor & Francis, 1935.

Hopkins, Frederick Gowland An address on the dynamic side of biochemistry, “British Medical Journal”, 2, 1913, pp. 713-17 von Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Aphorismen aus der chemischen Physiologie der Pflanzen, übersetzt von Gotthelf Fischer, mit Kommentar von Johann Hedwig, Leipzig, Voss, 1794.

Huxley, Thomas Henry On the physical basis of life, The Collehe Courant, Yale College, New Haven, 1869.

Ingram, V.M. A specific difference between the globin of normal human and sickle-cell anemia haemoglobin, “Nature”, 178, 1956, pp. 792-94.

Jacob, Francois - Monod, Jacques Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins, in “Journal of Molecular Biology”, 3, 1961, pp. 318-56.

Kekulé, August Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie, oder der Chemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen, Erlangen, Enke, 1861-1887, 5 v. von Kölliker, Albert Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der höheren Thiere, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1861 (trad. franc.: Embryologie ou traité complet du développement de l’homme et des animaux supérieurs, traduit par Aimé Schneider, préface H. de Lacaze Duthiers, Paris, Reinwald, 1882).

Bibliografia 245 Grundriss der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der höheren Thiere, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1880.

Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1852 (5. ed.: 1867; trad. franc.: Éléments d’histologie humaine, 2. ed., Paris, Masson, 1868).

Kossel, Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht The chemical composition of the cell, “Harvey Lectures”, 7, 1911, pp. 33-51, p. 34.

Krebs, Edwin Gerhard Historical perspectives on protein phosphorylation and a classification system for protein kinases, “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

London B Biological Sciences”, 302, 1983, pp. 3-11 de Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Antoine de Monet Recherches sur l’organisation des corps vivans, et particulièrement sur son origine, sur la cause de ses développemens et des progrès de sa composition, et sur celle qui, tendant continuellement à la détruire, dans chaque individu, amène nécessairement sa mort; précédé du discours d’ouverture du cours de zoologie donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, l’an X de la République, Paris, Maillard, 1802 (rist. in: “Bulletins scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique”, 40, 1907, pp. 483-521; trad. it. in: Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, Opere, a cura di Pietro Omodeo, Torino, Utet, 1969, pp.

57-95).

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent Oeuvres, publiées par les soins de son excellence le Ministre de l’Instruction Publique et des Cultes, Paris, Imprimerie Impériale et Nationale, 1862-1893, 6 v.

Mémoire sur la combinaison du principe oxygine, avec l’ esprit-de-vin, l’huile, & différents corps combustibles, “Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris”, (1784) 1787, pp. 593-608.

Traité élémentaire de chimie présenté dans un ordre nouveau d’après les découvertes modernes, Paris, Cuchet, 1789, 2 v. van Leeuwenhoek, Antoni The collected letters of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Alle de brieven van Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, issued and annotated under the auspices of the

246 Leeuwenhoek-Commission of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters, Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger, 1939-1999, 15 v.; v. I, 1939; v. II, 1941; v. III, 1948; v. IV, 1952; v. V, 1957.

A letter to the Royal Society concerning animalcula on the roots of duckweed, “Philosophical Transactions”, 24, 1705, pp. 1784-1793.

Lederberg, Joshua, Tatum, Edward Lawrie Gene recombination in “Escherichia coli”, “Nature”, 158, 1946, p. 558.

Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodor, Bass, Lawrence W. Nucleic acids, Chemical Catalog Co., New York 1931. von Liebig, Justus Die organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Physiologie und Pathologie, Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1842 (trad. ingl.: Animal chemistry or organic chemistry in its applications to physiology and pathology, edited by William Gregory, London, Taylor and Walton, 1842; rist. facs.: edited by Frederic L. Holmes, New York-London, Johnson Reprint, 1964).

Die Tierchemie oder die organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie, Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1840 (trad. ingl.: Organic chemistry in its applications to agriculture and physiology, London, Taylor and Walton, 1840).

Familiar letters on chemistry, edited by John Gardner, London, Taylor and Walton, 1843 (3. ed.: edited by W. Gregory, London, Walton and Maberly Taylor, 1851; trad. ted.: Chemische Briefe, Heidelberg, Winter, 1844). Über einen neuen Apparat zur Analyse organischer Körper, und über die Zusammensetzung einiger organischer Substanzen, “Annalen der Physik und Chemie”, s. 1, 21, 1831, pp. 1-43. von Liebig, Justus - Wöhler, Friedrich Untersuchungen über die Natur der Harnsäure, “Annalen der Pharmacie”, 26, 1838, pp. 241-340.

Ludwig, Carl Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, Leipzig-Heidelberg, Winter, 18521856, 2 v. in 4 tomi; v. I: Physiologie der Atome, der Aggregatzustände, der Nerven und Muskeln, 1852-1854, 2 tomi; v. II: Aufbau und Verfall der Säfte und Gewebe. Thierische Wärme, 1855-1856, 2 tomi.

Bibliografia 247 Über das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung des Proteinbioxydes im thierischen Organismus, “Archiv für Anatomie”, 1846, pp. 171-177.

Luria, Salvador E. Delbrück, Max Mutations of bacteria from virus sensitivity to virus resistence, “Genetics”, 28, 1943, pp. 491-511.

Malpighi, Marcello Opera omnia, figuris elegantissimis in aes incisis illustrata, London, Robert Scott, 1686, 2 v.

Opera posthuma, figuris aeneis illustrata. Quibus praefixa est eiusdem vita a seipso scripta, London, A. & J. Churchill, 1697.

Opere scelte, a cura di Luigi Belloni, Torino, Utet, 1967.

Anatome plantarum, London, John Martyn, 1675-1679, 2 v.

The correspondence of Marcello Malpighi, edited by Howard B. Adelmann, Ithaca (N.Y.), Cornell University Press, 1975, 5 v.

Maxam, Allan M. - Gilbert, Walter A new method for sequencing DNA, “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)”, 74, 1977, pp. 560–64.

Mendel, Gregor Johann Versuche über Pflanzen-hybriden, “Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins Brünn”, 4, 1865, pp. 3-47.

Meselson, Matthew - Stahl, Franklin William The replication of Dna in a “E. coli”, “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA”, 44, 1958, pp. 671-82.

Miescher, Friederich Die Histochemische un Physiologischen Arbeiten, Vogel, Leipzig 1897, pp.

116-17. Über die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen, “Hoppe-Seyler’s Medizinisch-Chemische Untersuchungen”, 4, 1871, pp. 441-60.

Milne-Edwards, Henri Coup d’oeil sur les progrès et l’état actuel de la physiologie concernant la production des êtres vivants par voie de génération spontanée, “Annales des sciences naturelles”, s. 5, 3, 1865, pp. 11-54.

248 Leçons sur la physiologie et l’anatomie comparée de l’homme et des animaux, Paris, Masson, 1857-1881, 14 v.; v. I, 1857.

Mirsky, Alfred Ezra - Pauling, Linus On the Structure of Native, Denaturated and Coagulated Proteins, “Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA”, 22, 1936, pp. 439-47. von Mohl, Hugo Einige Bemerkungen über die Entwickelung und den Bau der Sporen der cryptogamischen Gewächse, 1. Abteilung, Regensburg, 1833.

Grundzüge der Anatomie und Physiologie der vegetabilischen Zelle, Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1851.

Morphologische Betrachtungen über das Sporangium der mit Gefäßen versehenen Cryptogamen, Tübingen, 1837.

Monod, Jacques From enzymatic adaptation to allosteric transition, “Science”, 154, 1966, pp.

475-83.

Monod, Jacques - Wyman, Jeffries - Changeux, Jean Pierre On the nature of allosteric transitions: A plausible model, “Journal Molecular Biological”, 12, 1965, pp. 88-118.

Morgan, Thomas Hunt Experimental embryology, New York, Columbia University Press, 1927.

Regeneration, New York, Macmillan, 1901.

The physical basis of heredity, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1919 The theory of the gene, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1926.

Morgan, Thomas Hunt - Sturtevent, Alfred Henry - Muller, Hermann Joseph - Bridges, Calvin Blackman The mechanism of Mendelian heredity, Holt, New York 1915.

Mulder, Gerardus Johannes Untersuchung mehrerer animalischer Stoffe, wie Fibrin, Eiweiss, Gallerte und der gleichen, “Annalen der Pharmacie”, 24, 1837, pp. 256-265.

Müller, Johannes Peter Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen, Coblenz, Hölscher, 1833-1840, 2 v.; v. I, 1833-1834; v. II, 1837-1840.

Bibliografia 249 Muller, Hermann Joseph The gene material as the initiator and the organizing basis of life, “American Naturalist” 1966, 100, 493.

Artificial transmutation of the gene, in “Science” , 66, 1927, pp. 84-87.

Variation due to a change in the individual gene, “American Naturalist”, 56, 1922, pp. 32-50.

The gene as the basis of life, “Proceedings of the International Congress of Plant Science”, 1, 1929, 897–921. von Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre, . 1884 Neel, James Van Gudia.

The inheritance of sickle cell anemia, “Science”, 110, 1949, pp. 64-66.

Nirenberg, Marshall Warren - Matthaei, J. Heinrich The dependence of cell-free protein synthesis in E. coli upon naturally occurring or synthetic polyribonucleotides, “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)”, 47, 1961, pp. 1588–602 Oken, Lorenz Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände, Stuttgart, Hoffmann, 1833-1845, 7 v.; v. V, 1835.

Die Zeugung, Bamberg-Würzburg, Göbhardt, 1805 (trad. it. parziale: La riproduzione, in: I romantici tedeschi, a cura di Giuseppe Bevilacqua, Milano, Rizzoli, 1996, 3 v.; v. III, t. II: Psicologia e scienze naturali, a cura di Stefano Poggi, pp. 286-290).

Entwickelung der wissenschaftlichen Systematik der Thiere, in: Oken, Lorenz - Kieser, Dieterich Georg, Beiträge zur vergleichenden Zoologie, Anatomie und Physiologie, Bamberg-Würzburg, Göbhardt, 1806-1807, 2 v.; v. I, 1806 (rist. in: Biologie der Goethezeit, hrsg. von A. Meyer-Abich, Stuttgart, Hippokrates, 1949, pp. 191-204; trad. it. parziale: L’evoluzione degli organismi, in: I romantici tedeschi, a cura di Giuseppe Bevilacqua, Milano Rizzoli, 1996, 3 v.; v. III, t. II: Psicologia e scienze naturali, a cura di Stefano Poggi, pp. 281285).

Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Zoologie, Jena, Schmid, 1816.

Lehrbuch der Naturphilosophie, Jena, Frommann, 1809-1811, 3 v. Über die Bedeutung der Schädelknochen, Jena, Frommann, 1807.

250 Oparin Aleksandr Ivanoviã Proiskhozhedenie Zhizni. Moscovksii Rabotchii, Moscow 1924 The Origin of Life, MacMillan, New York, 1938.

Overton, Ernst Über die Allegemeinen osmotischen Eigenschaften der Zelle, ihre vermutliche Ursachen und ihre Bedeuting für die Physiologie, “Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich” 44, 88–135 (1899).

Palade, George Emil Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis, “Science”, 189, 1975, pp. 347-58.

A study of fixation for electron microscopy, in “Journal of Experimental Medicine”, 95, 1952, pp. 285-98.

The fine structure of mitochondria, “Anatomical Record.” 114(3), 1952, pp. 427- 451.

A small particulate component of the cytoplasm, in “Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology”, 1, 1955, pp. 59-68.

Pardee, Arthur B. - Jacob, Francois - Monod, Jacob Sur l’expression et le role des allèles “indutible” et “constitutif” dans la synthese de la B-galactosidase chez des zygotes d’”E. coli”, “Comptes Rendu de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris)”, 246, 1958, pp. 3125-28; The genetic control and cytoplasmic expression of “inducibility”, in the synthesis of beta-galactosidase by “E. coli”, “Journal of Molecular Biology”, 1, 1959, pp. 165-78.

Pauling, Linus - Delbrück, Max The nature of the intermolecular forces operative in biological processes, “Science”, 92, 1940, pp. 77-79.

Porter, Keith Roberts - Claude, Albert - Fullam, Ernest F. “Journal of Experimental Medicine”, 81 (3), 1945, pp. 233–246.

Pasteur, Louis Oeuvres complètes, sous la direction de Louis-Joseph Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Paris, Masson, 1922-1939, 7 v.

Mémoire sur la fermentation alcoolique, “Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris”, 45, 1857, pp. 1032-1036.

Bibliografia 251 Prout, William Chemistry, meteorology and the function of digestion, considered with reference to natural theology, London, Pickering, 1834 (The Bridgewater Treatises, 8).

Raspail, François-Vincent Nouveau système de chimie organique fondé sur des méthodes nouvelles d’observation, Paris, Baillière, 1833.

Nouveau système de physiologie végétale et de botanique, Paris, Baillière, 1837, 3 v.

Reil, Johann Christian Von der Lebenskraft, “Archiv für die Physiologie”, 1, 1796, pp. 8-162.

Zuschrift, “Archiv für die Physiologie”, 1, 1796, pp. 3-7.

Remak, Robert Über extracellulare Entstehung der thierischen Zellen und über Vermehrung derselben durch Theilung, “Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin”, 19, 1852, pp. 47-57.

Untersuchungen über die Entwickelung der Wirbelthiere, Berlin, Reimer, 1855.

Rodbell, Martin.

The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction, “Nature”, 284, 1980, pp. 17-22.

Sanger, Frederick The arrangement of amino acids in proteins, “Advances in Protein Chemistry”, 7, 1951, pp. 1-67.

Schleiden, Matthias Jacob Die neuern Einwürfe gegen meine Lehre von der Befruchtung als Antwort auf Dr. Theodor Hartig’s Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pflanzen, Leipzig, 1844.

Die Pflanze und ihr Leben. Populäre Vorträge, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1848.

Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1842-1843, 2 v.

Schrödinger, Erwin Che cosa è la vita, Sansoni, Firenze 1947, p. 108 (ed. or. What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1944).

252 Schwann, Theodor Mikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachstum der Thiere und Pflanzen, Berlin, Sander, 1839 (trad. ingl.: Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants, New York, Kraus Reprint, 1969). Über das Wesen des Verdauungsprocesses, “Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medizin”, 1836, pp. 90-138.

Séguin, Armand Observations générales sur la respiration et la chaleur animale, “Observations sur la physique”, 37, 1790, pp. 467-472.

Séguin, Armand - Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, Premier mémoire sur la respiration des animaux, “Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris”, 1789 (1793), pp. 566-584.

Premier mémoire sur la transpiration des animaux, “Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris”, 1790 (1797), pp. 601-612.

Strasburger, Eduard Adolf Die Befruchtung bei den Farnkräutern, Leipzig, 1868. Über das Befruchtungsorgan, “Sitzungsberichte der Niederrheinischen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde zu Bonn”, 1882, pp. 184196. Über Zellbildung und Zelltheilung, Jena, Deistung, 1875 (3. ed.: 1880).

Sutherland, Earl Wilburg Studies on the mechanism of hormone action, “Science”, 177, 1972, pp.

401-8.

Sutton, Walter Stanborough The chromosomes in heredity, in “Biological Bulletin”, IV, 1902, pp. 23151.

Svedberg, Theodor The ultra-centrifuge and the study of high-molecular weight compounds, “Nature”, 139, 1939, pp. 1051-62 Temin, Howard Martin Nature of the provirus of rous sarcoma, “Nationl Cancer Institute Monographs”, 17, 1964, pp. 557-62.

Bibliografia 253 Temin, Howard Martin - Mitzuani, Satoshi RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumor viruses, “Nature”, 226, 1970, pp. 1211-14.

Troland, Leonard Thompson.

The chemical origin and regulation of life, “The Monist”, 1914, 22, 92.

Biological enigmas and the theory of enzyme action, “American Naturalist”, 51, 1917, pp. 321-50.

Valentin, Gabriel Gustav Über den Verlauf und letzen Ende der Nerven, “Nova Acta PhysicoMedica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldinae”, 18, 1836, pp. 53-222.

Vendrely, R. Vendrely, C. La teneur du noyau cellulaire en acide déoxyribonucléique à travers les organes, les individus et les espèces animales, “Experientia”, 5, 1949, pp. 327-29.

Verworn, Max Allgemeine Physiologie. Ein Grundriss der Lehre vom Leben, Jena, Fischer, 1895.

Watson, James Dewey - Crick, Fancis Harry Compton A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid, “Nature”, 171, 1953, pp. 737-38.

Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, “Nature”, 171, 1953, pp. 964-67.

The structure of DNA, “Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology”, 18, 1953, pp. 127-37.

Weaver, Warren Molecular biology: the origin of the term, “Science”, 170, 1970, pp. 581-82.

Weismann, August Essays upon heredity and kindred biological problems, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1889, p. 167. Über die Vererbung, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1883.

Wiener, Norbert Cybernetics: or the control and communication in the animal and machine, MIT Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 1948.

254 Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick The molecular configuration of nucleic acids, in Nobel Lectures. Physiology or Medicine. 1942-1962, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam 1964, pp. 754-82.

Wilson, Edmund Beecher Aims and methods of study in natural history, “Science”, n.s., 13, 1901, pp.

14-23.

The cell in development and heredity, New York, Columbia College, 1894 (3. ed.: New York, Macmillan, 1925).

The cell in development and inheritance, New York, Macmillan, 1896.

The physical basis of life, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1923.

Wislicenus, Johannes - Fick, Adolf Über die Entstehung der Muskelkraft, “Vierteljahrsschrift der Zürcher Naturforschenden Gesellschaft”, 10, 1865, pp. 317-348.

Zamecnick, Paul Charles - Keller, Elizabeth Relation between phosphate energy donors and incorporation of labeled aminoacids into proteins, “Journal of Biological Chemistry”, 209, 1954, pp. 337-54.

B. Studi Capitolo primo Ackerknecht 1953: Ackerknecht, Erwin H., Rudolf Virchow. Doctor, statesman, anthropologist, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1953.

Baker 1988: Baker, John R., The cell theory. A restatement, history and critique, New York, Garland, 1988.

Bédéï 2005 : Bédéï, Patricia & Bédéï, JeanPierre, FrançoisVincent Raspail.

Savant et républicain rebelle. Paris, Alvik. (*) Canguilhem 1965: Canguilhem, Georges, La connaissance de la vie, 2. ed., Paris, Vrin, 1965 (1. ed.: Paris, Hachette, 1952).

Cappelletti 1965: Cappelletti, Vincenzo, Entelechia. Saggi sulle dottrine biologiche del secolo decimonono, Firenze, Sansoni, 1965.

Bibliografia 255 Coleman 1965: Coleman, William, Cell, nucleus, and inheritance. An historical study, “Proceedings of the American philosophical society”, 109, 1965, pp. 124-58.

Duchesneau 1987: Duchesneau, François, Genèse de la théorie cellulaire, Montréal, Bellarmin; Paris, Vrin, 1987.

– 1997: Duchesneau, François, Claude Bernard et le programme de la physiologie générale, in: Le Muséum au premier siècle de son histoire, coordonné par Claude Blanckaert [et al.], Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 1997, pp. 425-445.

Florkin 1960: Florkin, Marcel, Naissance et déviation de la théorie cellulaire dans l’oeuvre de Théodore Schwann, Paris, Hermann, 1960.

Frobert 2011: Frobert, Ludovic, Théorie cellulaire, science économique et république dans l’oeuvre de François Vincent Raspail autour de 1830, “Revue d’histoire des sciences” 64, 2011, pp. 27-58. (*) Hertwig 1893-98: Hertwig, Oscar, Die Zelle und die Gewebe.

Grundzüge der allgemeinen Anatomie und Physiologie, Jena, Fischer, 1893-1898, 2 v.

Holmes 1963: Holmes, Frederic L., The ‘milieu intérieur’ and the cell theory, “Bulletin of the history of medicine”, 37, 1963, pp. 315-35.

Hughes 1959: Hughes, Arthur, A history of cytology, London, AbelardSchuman, 1959.

Kisch 1954: Kisch, Bruno, Robert Remak, in: Kisch, Bruno, Forgotten leaders in modern medicine. Valentin, Gruby, Remak, Auerbach, Philadelphia, The American Philosophical Society, 1954, pp. 227-96.

Kruta 1971: Kruta, Vladislav, J.E. Purkyne’s contribution to the cell theory, “Clio medica”, 6, 1971, pp. 109-20.

Lenoir 1982: Lenoir, Timothy, The strategy of life. Teleology and mechanics in nineteenth century German biology, Dordrecht, Reidel, 1982.

Nicholson 2010: Nicholson, Daniel J., Biological atomism and cell theory, “Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science” Part C 41 (3), 2010, pp. 202-21. (*) Parnes 2003: Parnes, Ohad, From Agents to Cells. Theodor Schwann’s Research Notes of the Years 1835-1838, in: Frederic Holmes, Jürgen Renn und HansJörg Rheinberger (Hg.). Reworking the Bench. Research Notebooks in the History of Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003, pp. 119-39. (*) Rather 1978: Rather, Lelland J., The genesis of cancer. A study in the history of ideas, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

Schickore 2009: Schickore, Jutta, Error as Historiographical Challenge.

The Infamous Globule Hypothesis, in: Giora Hon, Jutta Schickore und

256 Friedrich Steinle (Hg.). Going amiss in Experimental Research. New York: Springer, 2009, pp. 27-45. (*) Schleiden 1838: Schleiden, Matthias, Beiträge zur Phytogenesis, “Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin”, 46, 1838, pp. 137-76 (trad. ingl.: Contributions to phytogenesis, in: Schwann, Theodor, Microscopical researches, into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants, New York, Kraus, 1969, pp. 229-68).

Teulón 1983: Teulón, Agustín A., La teoría celular. Historia de un paradigma, Madrid, Alianza, 1983.

Watermann 1960: Watermann, Rembert, Theodor Schwann. Leben und Werk, Düsseldorf, Schwann, 1960.

Capitolo secondo Baker 1988: Baker, John R., The cell theory. A restatement, history and critique, New York, Garland, 1988.

Churchill 1970: Churchill, Frederick, Hertwig, Weismann, and the meaning of reduction division circa 1890, “Isis”, 61, 1970, pp. 42957.

Coleman 1965: Coleman, William, Cell, nucleus, and inheritance.

An historical study, “Proceedings of the American philosophical society”, 109, 1965, pp. 124-58.

D’Hombres 2012: D’Hombres, Emmanuel & Mehdaoui, S. On what condition is the equation organism society valid ? Cell theory and organicist sociology in the works of Alfred Espinas (1870s-1880), „History of Human Sciences” 25 (1), 2012, 35-51. (*) Dröscher 2002: Dröscher A., Edmund B. Wilson’s The Cell and celltheory between 1896 and 1925, “History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences” 24, 2002, pp. 357–89. (*) Duchesneau 1987: Duchesneau, François, Genèse de la théorie cellulaire, Montréal, Bellarmin; Paris, Vrin, 1987.

Geison 1969: Geison, Gerald L., The protoplasmic theory of life and the vitalist-mechanist debate, “Isis”, 60, 1969, pp. 273-92.

Goschler 2002: Goschler, Constantin, Rudolf Virchow. Mediziner – Anthropologe – Politiker. Köln, Weimar, Wien, Böhlau, 2002. (*) Hughes 1959: Hughes, Arthur, A history of cytology, London, AbelardSchuman, 1959.

Bibliografia 257 Johach 2008: Johach, Eva, Krebszelle und Zellenstaat. Zur medizinischen und politischen Metaphorik in Rudolf Virchows Zellularpathologie.

Freiburg i. Br. u.a.: Rombach. (*) Mendelson 2003: Mendelson J.A., Lives of the cell, “Journal of the History of Biology” 36, 2003, pp. 1–37. (*) Rather 1978: Rather, Lelland J., The genesis of cancer. A study in the history of ideas, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

Reynolds 2007: Reynolds, Andrew, The Theory of the Cell State and the Question of Cell Autonomy in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Biology, „Science in Context ”20 (1), 2007, pp. 71–95. (*) – 2010: The redoubtable cell, „Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science” Part C 41 (3), 2010, pp. 194-201. (*) Richmond 2000: Richmond M.L., TH Huxley’s criticism of German cell theory: an epigenetic and physiological interpretation of cell structure, „Journal of the History of Biology ”, 33, 2000, pp. 247-89. (*) Staffan 2010: Staffan, ?? Cell theory, specificity, and reproduction 18371870, „Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences” 41, 2010, pp. 225-31. (*) Teulón 1983: Teulón, Agustín A., La teoría celular. Historia de un paradigma, Madrid, Alianza, 1983.

Capitolo terzo Allen1978b: Allen, Garland E., Thomas Hunt Morgan, the man and his science, Princeton (N.J.), Princeton University Press, 1978.

Beurton 2000: The concept of the gene in development and evolution.

Historical and epistemological perspectives, edited by Peter J. Beurton, Raphael Falk and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Kohler 1994: Kohler, Robert E., Lords of the Fly: Drosophila Genetics and the Experimental Life, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Capitolo quarto Baker 1948: Baker, John R., The cell-theory: a restatement, theory and critique, “Quarterly journal of microscopical science”, s. 3, 89, 1948, pp. 103-25.

258 Bechtel 2006: Bechtel, William, Discovering Cell Mechanisms: The Creation of Modern Cell Biology, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. (*) Dröscher 2002: Dröscher A., Edmund B. Wilson’s The Cell and cell-theory between 1896 and 1925, “History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences” 24, 2002, pp. 357–89. (*) Landecker 2007: Landecker, Hannah, Culturing life. How cells became technologies. Cambridge u.a.: Harvard University Press, 2007. (*) Palade 1977: Palade, George E., Keith Roberts Porter and the development of contemporary cell biology, “Journal of cell biology”, 75, 1977, pp. D3-D19.

Rasmussen 1996: Rasmussen, Nicolas, Cell fractionation biochemistry and the origins of ‘cell biology’, “Trends in biochemical sciences”, 21, 1996, pp. 319-21.

Wilmer 1989: Wilmer, E.N., One man’s view of cell biology in Cambridge in the 1930s, “Trends in biochemical sciences”, 14, 1989, pp. 193-95.

Capitolo quinto Brock 1985: Brock, William H., From protyle to proton. William Prout and the nature of matter, 1785-1985, Bristol-Boston, Hilger, 1985.

– 1997: Brock, William H., Justus von Liebig. The chemical gatekeeper, Cambridge-New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Büttner 1992a: Büttner, Johannes, The programme devised in 1791 by Fourcroy for the establishment of clinical laboratories, “Tractrix. Yearbook for the history of science, medicine, technology and mathematics”, 4, 1992, pp. 39-48.

– 1992b: Büttner, Johannes, The origin of clinical laboratories, “European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry”, 30, 1992, pp.

585-93.

– 1999: Büttner, Johannes, A revolution in the clinical laboratory. The impact of the invention of spectrum analysis on analytical methodology, in: Fundamental changes in cellular biology in the 20th century. Biology of development, chemistry and physics in the life sciences, edited by Charles Galperin, Scott F. Gilbert and Brigitte Hoppe, Turnhout, Brepols, 1999, pp. 11-20.

– 2001: Büttner, Johannes, Von der oeconomia animalis zu Liebigs Stoffwechselbegriff, in: Stoffwechsel im tierischen Organismus. Historische Studien zu Liebigs „Thier-Chemie” (1842); mit Originalarbeiten von

Bibliografia 259 Justus von Liebig und Friedrich Wöhler, hrsg. von Johannes Büttner und Wilhelm Lewicki, Seesen, HisChymia, 2001, pp. 61-94.

Costa 1962: Costa, Albert B., Michel Eugène Chevreul. Pioneer of organic chemistry, Madison, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1962.

Florkin 1972-75: Comprehensive biochemistry, edited by Marcel Florkin and Elmer H. Stotz, Amsterdam-New York, Elsevier, 1962-2000, 41 v.; v. XXX-XXXIII: A history of biochemistry, edited by Marcel Florkin, 1972-1975.

Fruton 1999: Fruton, Joseph S., Proteins, enzymes, genes. The interplay of chemistry and biology, New Haven-London, Yale University Press, 1999.

Guerlac 1961: Guerlac, Henry, Lavoisier - The crucial year. The background and origin of his first experiments on combustion in 1772, Ithaca (N.Y.), Cornell University Press, 1961.

– 1973: Guerlac, Henry, Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, in: Dictionary of scientific biography, edited by Charles Coulston Gillispie, New York, Scribner’s Sons, 1970-1990, 18 v.; v. VIII, 1973, pp. 66-91.

Holmes 1963: Holmes, Frederic L., Elementary analysis and the origins of the physiological chemistry, “Isis”, 54, 1963, pp. 50-81.

– 1971: Holmes, Frederic L., Analysis by fire and solvent extractions. The metamorphosis of a tradition, “Isis”, 62, 1971, pp. 129-48.

– 1974: Holmes, Frederic L., Claude Bernard and animal chemistry. The emergence of a scientist, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1974.

– 1985: Holmes, Frederic L., Lavoisier and the chemistry of life. An exploration of scientific creativity, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

– 1987: Holmes, Frederic L., The intake-output method of quantification in physiology, “Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences”, 17, 1987, pp. 235-70.

– 1998: Holmes, Frederic L., Antoine Lavoisier. The next crucial year or the sources of his quantitative method in chemistry, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1998.

Keilin 1966: Keilin, David, The history of cell respiration and cytochrome, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1966.

Kohler 1982: Kohler, Robert E., From medical chemistry to biochemistry.

The making of a biomedical discipline, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Leicester 1974: Leicester, Henry M., Development of biochemical concepts from ancient to modern times, Cambridge (Mass.)-London, Harvard University Press, 1974.

260 Lieben 1935: Lieben, Fritz, Geschichte der physiologischen Chemie, Leipzig-Wien, Deuticke, 1935 (rist.: Hildesheim-New York, Olms, 1970).

McCollum 1957: McCollum, Elmer Verner, A history of nutrition.

The sequence of ideas in nutrition investigations, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1957.

McKie 1952: McKie, Douglas, Antoine Lavoisier. Scientist, economist, social reformer, London, Constable, 1952.

Melhado 1981: Melhado, Evan M., Jacob Berzelius. The emergence of his chemical system, Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell International; Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1981.

Mendelsohn 1964: Mendelsohn, Everett, Heat and life. The development of the theory of animal heat, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1964.

Poirier 1998: Poirier, Jean-Pierre, Lavoisier. Chemist, biologist, economist, translated by Rebecca Balinsli, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.

Rocke 2000: Rocke, Alan J., Organic analysis in comparative perspective: Liebig, Dumas and Berzelius, 1811-1837, in: Instruments and experimentation in the history of chemistry, edited by Frederic L. Holmes and Trevor Harvey Levere, Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press, 2000, pp. 273-310.

Smeaton 1962: Smeaton, William A., Fourcroy. Chemist and revolutionary, 1755-1809, Cambridge, Heffer & Sons, 1962.

Teich 1965-66: Teich, Mikuláè, On the historical foundation of modern biochemistry, “Clio medica”, 1, 1965-1966, pp. 41-57.

– 1992: Teich, Mikuláè - Needham, Dorothy M., A documentary history of biochemistry, 1770-1940, Leicester, Leicester University Press, 1992.

Capitolo sesto Beretta 1998: Beretta, Marco, Lavoisier, la rivoluzione chimica, Milano, Le scienze, 1998.

Brock 1976: Brock, William H., William Prout, in: Dictionary of scientific biography, edited by Charles Coulston Gillispie, New York, Scribner’s Sons, 1970-1990, 18 v.; v. XI, 1976, pp. 172-75.

– 1985: Brock, William H., From protyle to proton. William Prout and the nature of matter 1785-1985, Bristol-Boston, Hilger, 1985.

Bibliografia 261 – 1997: Brock, William H., Justus von Liebig. The chemical gatekeeper, Cambridge-New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Donovan 1993: Donovan, Arthur, Antoine Lavoisier. Science, administration and revolution, Oxford-Cambridge (Mass.), Blackwell, 1993.

Drabkin 1958: Drabkin, David L., Thudichum, chemist of the brain, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1958.

Florkin 1972-75: Comprehensive biochemistry, edited by Marcel Florkin and Elmer H. Stotz, Amsterdam-New York, Elsevier, 1962-2000, 41 v.; v. XXX-XXXIII: A history of biochemistry. Pt I: Proto-biochemistry, edited by Marcel Florkin, 1972; v. XXXI: History of the identification of the sources of free energy in organisms, edited by Marcel Florkin, 1972-1975.

Fruton 1972: Fruton, Joseph S., Molecules and life. Historical essays on the interplay chemistry and biology, New York, Wiley Interscience, 1972.

– 1990: Fruton, Joseph S., Contrasts in scientific style. Research groups in the chemical and biochemical sciences, Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1990.

Glas 1979: Glas, Eduard, Chemistry and physiology in their historical and philosophical relations, Delft, Delft University Press, 1979.

Gottlieb 1964: Gottlieb, Leon S., A history of respiration, Springfield (Ill.), Thomas, 1964.

Holmes 1964: Holmes, Frederic L., Introduction, in: rist. facs. di Liebig, Justus von, Animal chemistry or organic chemistry in its application to physiology and pathology, translated by William Gregory [Cambridge, Owen, 1842], New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1964, pp. VIICXVI. – 1974: Holmes, Frederic L., Claude Bernard and animal chemistry. The emergence of a scientist, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1974.

– 1985: Holmes, Frederic L., Lavoisier and the chemistry of life. An exploration of scientific creativity, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

Hunter 2000: Hunter, Graeme K., Vital forces. The discovery of the molecular basis of life, San Diego (Calif.)-London, Academic Press, 2000.

Kohler 1982: Kohler, Robert E., From medical chemistry to biochemistry.

The making of a biomedical discipline, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982.

McCollum 1957: McCollum, Elmer Verner, A history of nutrition. The sequence of ideas in nutrition investigations, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1957.

262 McCosh 1984: McCosh, Frederick W.J., Boussingault. Chemist and agriculturalist, Dordrecht-Boston, Reidel; Hingham, Kluwer Academic, 1984.

Morrison 2006: Morrison K.L., Weiss G.A., The origins of chemical biology, “Nature Chemical Biology” 2006, 2(1), pp. 3-6. (*) Needham 1970: The chemistry of life. Eight lectures on the history of biochemistry, edited with an introduction by Joseph Needham, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Needham 1971: Needham, Dorothy M., Machina carnis. The biochemistry of muscular contraction in its historical development, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Rocke 1992: Rocke, Alan J., From physiology to organic chemistry (180514), in: Enlightenment science in the romantic era. The chemistry of Berzelius and its cultural setting, edited by Evan M. Melhado and Tore Frängsmyr, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 107-31.

Smeaton 1962: Smeaton, William A., Fourcroy. Chemist and revolutionary 1755-1809, Cambridge, Heffers & Sons, 1962.

Teich 1992: Teich, Mikulás - Needham, Dorothy M., A documentary history of biochemistry 1770-1940, Leicester, Leicester University Press, 1992.

Tower 1994: Tower, Donald B., Brain chemistry and the French connection 1791-1841. An account of the chemical analyses of the human brain by Thouret (1791), Fourcroy (1793), Vauquelin (1811), Couerbe (1834), and Frémy (1841): a second sourcebook in the history of neurochemistry, New York, Raven, 1994.

Capitolo settimo Debru 1983: Debru, Claude, L’esprit des protéines. Histoire et philosophie biochimiques, Paris, Hermann, 1983.

– 1994: Les sciences biologiques et medicales en France 1920-1950, Actes du colloque de Dijon 25-27 juin 1992, edités par Claude Debru, Jean Gayon et Jean François Picard, Paris, CNRS, 1994.

Edsall 1979: Edsall, John T., The development of the physical chemistry of proteins, 1898-1940, “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”, 325, 1979, pp. 53-74.

Elliott 1962: Neurochemistry, the chemistry of brain and nerve, 2. ed., edited by Kenneth A.C. Elliott, Irvin H. Page and Juda H. Quastel, Springfield (Ill.), Thomas, 1962 (1. ed.: 1955).

Bibliografia 263 Florkin 1972-75: Florkin, Marcel, A history of biochemistry, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1972-1975, 3 v.

Fruton 1972: Fruton, Joseph, Molecules and life. Historical essays on the interplay of chemistry and biology, New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1972.

– 1999: Fruton, Joseph, Proteins, enzymes, genes. The interplay of chemistry and biology, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1999.

Holmes 1974: Holmes, Frederic L., Claude Bernard and animal chemistry: the emergence of a scientist, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1974.

– 1991-93: Holmes, Frederic L., Hans Krebs, Oxford-New York, Oxford University Press, 1991-1993, 2 v.

– 1992: Holmes, Frederic L., Between biology and medicine, the formation of intermediary metabolism, Berkeley, Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California at Berkeley, 1992.

Kernbauer 2002: Kernbauer, Alois, Die ‘klinische Chemie’ im Jahre 1850, Stuttgart, Steiner, 2002.

Kohler 1982: Kohler, Robert E., From medical chemistry to biochemistry.

The making of biomedical discipline, Cambridge (Mass.), Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Kornberg 1989: Kornberg, Arthur, For the love of enzymes. The odyssey of a biochemist, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1989.

Krebs 1981: Krebs, Hans Adolf, Otto Warburg. Cell physiologist, biochemist and eccentric, in collaboration with Roswitha Schmid, Oxford, Clarendon, 1981.

Lehninger 1975: Lehninger, Albert L., Biochemistry, the mulecular basis of cell structure and function, 2. ed., New York, Worth, 1975 (1. ed.: 1970).

Medvei 1982: Medvei, Victor Cornelius, A history of endocrinology, Lancaster (Pa.), MTP, 1982.

Needham 1971: The chemistry of life. Eight lectures on the history of biochemistry, edited by Joseph Needham, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Olby 1974: Olby, Robert C., The path to the double helix, London, Macmillan, 1974 (trad. it., Storia della doppia elica e nascita della biologia molecolare, Milano, Mondadori, 1978).

Semenza 2003: Semenza, G., A history of biochemistry. Selected Topics in the history of biochemistry: Personal recollections IX, Amsterdam Elsevier Science, 2003. (*)

264 Semenza 2005: Semenza G., Turner, A.J., A history of biochemistry. Selected Topics in the history of biochemistry: Personal recollections VI : comprehensive biochemistry, Amsterdam Elsevier Science, 2005. (*) Tanford 2001: Tanford, Charles - Reynolds, Jacqueline, Nature’s robots.

A history of proteins, Oxford, Oxford Universty Press, 2001.

Werner 1996: Werner, Petra, Otto Warburgs Beitrag zur Atmungstheorie. Das Problem der Sauerstoffaktivierung, Marburg/Lahn, Basilisken-Press, 1996.

Capitolo ottavo Brock 1990: Brock, Thomas D., The emergence of bacterial genetics, Cold Spring Harbor (NY), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1990.

Bulloch 1938: Bulloch, William, The history of bacteriology, London, Oxford University Press, 1938.

Cairns 1966: Phage and the origins of molecular biology, edited by John Cairns, Gunther S. Stent and James D. Watson, Cold Spring, Harbor laboratory for quantitative biology, 1966.

Creager 2008: Creager, Angela N. H. and Gregory Morgan, After the Double Helix: Rosalind Franklin’s Research on ‘Tobacco Mosaic Virus’, “ISIS”, 99, 2008, pp. 239–72. (*) van Helvoort 1991: Helvoort, Ton van, What is a virus? The case of tobacco mosaic disease, “Studies in history and philosophy of sciences”, 22, 1991, pp. 557-88.

Lechavalier 1965: Lechavalier, Hubert A. - Slotorovsky, Morris, Three centuries of microbiology, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1965.

McCarty 1985: McCarty, Maclyn, The transforming principle, New York-London, Norton, 1985.

Olby 1974: Olby, Robert C., The path to the double helix. The discovery of DNA, London, Macmillan 1974 (trad. it., Storia della doppia elica e nascita della biologia molecolare, Milano, Mondadori, 1978).

Capitolo nono Abir-Am 2006: Abir-Am, Pnina, Molecular Biology and Its Recent Historiography: A Transnational Quest for the ‘Big Picture’, “History of Science”, 44, 2006, 95–118. (*)

Bibliografia 265 Brenner 2001: Brenner, Sydney (2001), My Life in Science, London: BioMed Central Ltd., 2001. (*) de Chadarevian 2002: Chadarevian, Soraya de, Designs for life: molecular biology after world war II, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

– 2003: Portrait of a Discovery: Watson, Crick, and the Double Helix, “ISIS”, 94, 2003, pp. 90–105. (*) Creager 1996: Creager, Angela N.H.-Gaudillière, Jean-Paul, Meanings in search of experiments or vice-versa: the invention of allosteric regulation in Paris and Berkeley (1959-1967), “Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences”, 27, 1996, pp. 1-89.

Crick 1988: Crick, Francis H.C., What mad pursuit. A personal view of scientific discovery, New York, Basic Books, 1988.

Davies 2001: Davies, Kevin, Cracking the genome: inside the race to unlock human DNA, New York, Simon and Schuster, 2001.

Echols 2001: Echols, Harrison, Operators and Promoters: The Story of Molecular Biology and Its Creators, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. (*) Fredrickson 2001: Fredrickson, Donald S., The recombinant DNA controversy, Washington, ASM Press, 2001.

Holmes 2001: Holmes, Frederic L., Meselson, Stahl, and the replication of DNA: a history of “the most beautiful experiment in biology”, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2001.

Judson 1979: Judson, Horace F., The eighth day of creation: the makers of the revolution in biology, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1979.

Kay 1993: Kay, Lily E., The molecular vision of life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the rise of the new biology, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993.

– 2000: Kay, Lily E., Who wrote the book of life? A history of the genetic code, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2000.

Keller 1995: Keller, Evelyn Fox, Refiguring life: metaphors of twentieth century biology, New York, Columbia University Press, 1995.

Maddox 2002: Maddox, Brenda, Rosalind Franklin: the dark lady of DNA, London, Harper Collins, 2002.

Morange 1998: Morange, Michel, A history of molecular biology, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1998 (ed. orig.: 1994).

– 2001: Morange, Michel, The misunderstood gene, Harvard (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 2001.

266 – 2002: Morange, Michel, Les mousquetaires de la nouvelle biologie: Monod, Jacob, Lwoff, Paris, Pour la science, 2002.

– 2003: Morange, Michel, Qu’est-ce que la vie? 50 ans après la double hélice, Paris, Odile Jacob, 2003.

Olby 1974: Olby, Robert C., The path to the double helix, London, Macmillan, 1974 (trad. it.: Storia della doppia elica e nascita della biologia molecolare, Milano, Mondadori, 1978).

– 1990: Olby, Robert C., The molecular revolution in biology, in: Companion to the history of modern science, edited by Robert C. Olby, Geoffrey N. Cantor, John R.R. Christie and Michael J.S. Hodge, London-New York, Routledge, 1990, pp. 503-20.

Portugal 1977: Portugal, Franklin H. - Cohen, Jack S., A century of DNA: a history of the discovery of the structure and function of the genetic substance, Cambridge (Mass.), MIT, 1977.

Rheinberger 1997: Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg, Towards a history of epistemic things: synthetizing proteins in the test tube, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1997.

Schaffner 1993: Schaffner, Kenneth F., Discovery and explanation in biology and medicine, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1993.

Shostak 1998: Shostak, Stanley, Death of life: the legacy of molecular biology, London, Macmillan, 1998.

Strasser 2003: Strasser, Bruno J., Who cares about the double helix?, “Nature”, 422, 2003, pp. 803-804.

Thieffry 1997: Thieffry, Denis - Burian, Richard, Special issue: research programs of the Rouge-Cloître group, “History and philosophy of the life sciences”, 19, 1997, 1.

Watson 1953: Watson, James D. - Crick, Francis H.C., A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid, “Nature”, 171, 1953, pp. 737-38.

– 1981: Watson, James D. - Tooze, John, A documentary history of gene cloning, San Francisco, Freeman, 1981.

Watson 2002: Watson, J.D., Genes, Girls, and Gamow, New York: Knopf, 2002. (*) Wilkins 2003: Wilkins, Maurice, The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography of Maurice Wilkins, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. (*) Yoxen 1979: Yoxen, Edward, Where does Schrödinger’s What is life? belong in the history of molecular biology?, “History of science”, 17, 1979, pp. 17-52.

Zallen 1993: Zallen, Doris T., Redrawing the boundaries of molecular biology: the case of photosynthesis, “Journal of the history of biology”, 26, 1993, pp. 65-87.

Bibliografia 267 Capitolo decimo Carmen 2004: Carmen, Ira H., Politics in the Laboratory: The Constitution of Human Genomics, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. (*) Cook-Deegan 1995: Cook-Deegan, Robert, The gene wars: science, politics, and the human genome, New York, W.W. Norton, 1995.

Davies 2001: Davies, Kevin, Cracking the genome: inside the race to unlock human DNA, New York, The Free Press, 2001.

Jones 1993: Jones, Steve, The language of genes: biology, history, and the evolutionary future, New York, Harper Collins, 1993.

Kevles, Hood 1993: The code of codes: scientific and social issues in the human genome project, edited by Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1993.

Kitcher 1996: Kitcher, Philip, The lives to come: the genetic revolution and human possibilities, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1996.

Sulston, Ferry 2002: Sulston, John - Ferry, Georgina, The common thread: a story of science, politics, ethics and the human genome, LondonNew York, Bantam Press, 2002.

Venter 2007: Venter, C., A life decoded: My genome, my life, New York: Penguin Books, 2007. (*)

Capitolo undicesimo Ageno 1991: Ageno, M., Dal non vivente al vivente, Theoria, Roma, 1991.

Bernal 1967: Bernal, J.D., The origin of life, London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967.

Cairn-Smith 1982: Cairn-Smith, A.G., Genetic takeover and the mineral origin of life, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Crick 1981: Crick, F., Life Itself. Its Origin and Nature, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1981 Danchin 1991: Danchin, A., Une aurore de pierre, Paris, Seuil, 1991.

Darwin 1871: Darwin to Hooker, J.D., 1 February 1871. Darwin Correspondence Project, Dawkins 2004: Dawkins, R., The ancestor’s tale: A pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution, Houghton & Miffin, Boston, 2004. de Duve 1991: de Duve, C., Blueprint for a cell: The nature and origin, Burlington, Neil Patterson, 1991.

268 Deamer 2010: Deamer D., J. W. Szostak, (eds) The origins of life, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2010.

Dworkin 2002: Dworkin, J.P., Lazcano, A, Miller, S.L., The roads to and from the RNA world. “J Theor Biol” 222, 2002, pp. 127-34 Dyson 1987: Dyson, F., Origini della vita, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 1987.

Eigen 1992: Eigen, M., Gradini verso la vita, Milano, Adelphi, 1992.

Farley 1974: Farley, J., The Spontaneous Generation Controversy from Descartes to Oparin. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974.

Fenchel 2002: Fenchel, The origin and early evolution of life. An updated, brief- and well balanced story, Oxford University Press, New York 2002.

Folsone 1979: Folsome, C.E., The Origin of Life: A Warm Little Pond, New York, Freeman, 1979.

Fry 2002: Fry I., The emergence of life on earth, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 2002.

Haldane 1929: Haldane, J.B.S., The origin of life. The Rationalist Annual for the Year 1929, edited by Charles A. Watts, pp. 3-10 Maturana 1973: Maturana, H., Varela, F., De máquinas y seres vivos. Una teoría sobre la organización biológica, Santiago de Chile, Editorial Universitaria, 1973.

Miller 1953: Miller, S.L., A production of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions. “Science”, 117, 1953, p. 528.

Miller 1974: Miller, S. L. and Leslie E. Orgel, The origins of life on the earth, Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1974.

Orgel 1973: Orgel, L.E., The origins of life. Molecules and natural selection. otic chemistry for a general reader, New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1973.

Peretó 2004: Peretó, J, López-García P, Moreira D., Ancestral lipid biosynthesis and early membrane evolution, “Trends Biochem Sci.” 29, 2004, pp. 469-77 Peretó 2005: Peretó, J., Controversies on the origin of life, “International Microbiology”, 8, 2005, pp. 23-31.

Szathmáry 2005: Szathmáry, E., Life: in search of the simplest cell, “Nature” 433, 2005, pp. 469-70.

Urey 1952: Urey, H.C., The planets. Their origin and development, New Haven Yale University Press, 1952.

Wächtershäuser 1988: Wächtershäuser, G., Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism, “Microbiological Reviews”, 52, 1988, pp. 452-84.

269 Capitolo dodicesimo AA.VV. 2004: Between necessity and probability: Searching for the definition and origin of life, New York Springer, 2004 Ageno 1986: Ageno, M,, Le radici della biologia, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1986.

Alberts 2003: Alberts, B., Dna replication and recombination, “Nature”, 421, 2003, pp. 431-5.

Cleland 2002: Cleland, C.E., Chyba, C.F., Defining life?, “Orig. Life Evol. Biosphere” 2002, 35, p. 333.

Fox Keller 2002: Fox Keller,E., Making sense of life: Explaining biological development with models, metaphors, and machines, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2002.

Gayton 2010: Gayon, J. Malaterre, C., Morange, M., Raulin-Cerceau, F., Tirard S. (eds), Special issue: Definitions of life. “Origins Life Evol.

Biosphere”, 40, 2010, pp. 119-244.

Laczano 2008: Laczano, A.,What is life? A brief historical overview, “Chemistry & Biodiversity” 5 (1), 2008, pp. 1-15.

Luisi 1998: Luisi, P.L., On various definitions of life, “Orig. Life Evol.

Biosphere”, 28, 1998, p. 613.

Maturana 1981: Maturana H.R., Varela F.J., Autopoiesis and cognition – the realization of the living, Reidel, Boston, 1981.

Mauron 2001: Mauron, A., Is the genome the secular equivalent of the soul, “Science”, 291, 2001, pp. 831-32.

Mayr 1997: Mayr, E., This is biology. The science of the living world, The Blknap Press of the Harvard University Press, New York, 1997.

Morange 2007: Morange, M., La principale difficulte pour une definition de la vie: concilier continuite et discontinuite, in Des soleils a la vie: ou, quand, comment, Eds. M. Gargaud, H. Cottin, F. Selsis, and M. Vander Geeten, Universite Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 2007, p. C29.21 – C29.25.

Perrett 1952: Perrett, J., Biochemistry and bacteria “New Biology”, 12, 1952, pp. 68-69 Pichot 1993: Pichot, A., Histoire de la notion de vie, Gallimard, Paris, 1993.

Rizzoti 1996: Rizzoti, M., Defining life: The central problem in theoretical biology, University of Padova, Padova, 1996.

Trifonov 2011: Trifonov, E.N., Vocabulary of definitions of life suggests a definition, “Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics”, 29, 2011, pp. 259-66.