Figure 20

moto-sharing companies, seven e-scooters managers, and six bike-sharing operators (ACoS Roma Capitale, 2022b). However, all bike-share options are dockless, putting Rome among the few EU capitals that do not offer a bike-sharing system with stations, which has proven to be a more reliable shared system (Bikeitalia, 2021). In addition, the cycling infrastructure has been expanding considerably in the past years; nowadays, the Roman community has 317km available for bike displacements (Roma Mobilità, 2021).

Figure 20. Transport Modes in Numbers. Source: Author based on data from (ACoS Roma Capitale, 2022a; Di Stefano, 2018; Roma Mobilità, 2021) Although Rome presents a wide range of transport options, it still has a high amount of private vehicles, which in 2020 was 1,751,000 cars and 387,000 motorcycles (Roma Mobilità, 2021), culminating in a total of 2,138,000 PV leading toward a high motorization rate of 774 vehicles per 1,000 people, which is the highest rate among the selected case cities for this thesis. Meanwhile, Rome has also been implementing some sustainable measures, for instance, traffic restrictions associated with the most polluting vehicles inside on Sundays from 7:30 to 12:30 and later from 16:30 to 20:30 and inside Anello Ferroviario (ring railway, in English) from Monday to Friday 24h (Capecci, 2021; Dambra, 2022). PUMS Roma one of the strategic documents researched for this thesis has already defined these restrictions before (Roma Servizi per la Mobilità, 2019a, 2019b). Furthermore, those measures have been adopted in other cities worldwide