UPD 306 CW1
Group 3 Team B Urbanisation Qiyue.Chen 1823816 Jiaqi.Gu 1824155 Zihan.Li 1825222 Yiting.Hsieh 1825408
UPD 306 – April 29 Study Framework
A framework for a study on the current state of urbanisation in Bali and its issues and challenges.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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The Background of Urban Development Bali island
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 200BCE
200BCE The first generation of cities in Bali was built in the north side. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 900CE
900CE Some cities were built in the inner area and south coastline. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 1000 CE – 1500CE
1000CE-1500CE More cities were created and concentrated in the east side of Bali island. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 1529CE – 1685CE
1529CE - 1685CE The two cities were established and located in the west area of Bali island. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 1689CE – 1888CE
1689CE-1888CE More cities were founded for colonial reasons, and the number of cities in the south was increased. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. The Historical Process of Urban Development: 1900CE – Now
1900CE- Now The modern urban distribution were gradually formed in Bali island. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Lazuardi ( 2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Population Distribution in Bali, 2020
The population is mainly concentrated in the south. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali province (2022a)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Population Change Trend in Bali, 2020
The trend of population movement is first to concentrate in urban areas and then to move from urban to peripheral areas. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali province (2022a)
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UPD 306 – April 29 4. Future Population in Bali – Local Residents
Bali's overall local population is on the rise, but this varies from municipality to municipality. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali province (2022a)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Future Population in Bali – Tourists
Impact of COVID19 outbreak
Excluding the impact of the epidemic, Bali's tourist population is likely to continue to grow in the future. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali province (2022a1; 2022 a2)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Future Population in Bali – Tourists
Impact of COVID19 outbreak
Excluding the impact of the epidemic, Bali's tourist population is likely to continue to grow in the future. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali province (2022a1; 2022 a2)
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UPD 306 – April 29 6. Industrial Distribution
Tourism is well developed on the Bali Islands, mainly in the south. Agriculture is mainly concentrated in the north. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Takama (2015) and Ascen (2022)
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Urbanisation Process in Bali Island
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
UPD 306 – April 29 1. Land Use Change in 2000
In 2000, cities were mainly concentrated in the south and north, accounting for 3% of the total area. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Land Use Change in 2000
In 2000, cities were mainly concentrated in the south and north, accounting for 3% of the total area. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Land Use Change in 2010
In 2010, city land became more concentrated in morphology, some town area have also developed. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Land Use Change in 2010
In 2010, city land became more concentrated in morphology, some town area have also developed. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Land Use Change in 2020
In 2020, the proportion of Bali's artificial surface had doubled to 6% of the whole island's area. The cities show connections with each other，also between cities and the towns. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Land Use Change in 2020
In 2020, the proportion of Bali's artificial surface had doubled to 6% of the whole island's area. The cities show connections with each other，also between cities and the towns. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 4. Current Land Use Pattern
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 4. Current Land Use Pattern
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Built-up Area by Each City in Bali
Gianyar 19%
Badung 24% The cities with the top three built-up areas was Badung, Denpasar and Gianyar, which clustered in the south. n terms of the form, the compactness of built-up areas is low, and the builtup area is fragmented.
(The ratio of the built-up area to the total area )
(The ratio of the built-up area to the total area )
Denpasar 75% (The ratio of the built-up area to the total area )
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Built-up Area by Each City in Bali Built-up Areas by Each City in Bali Between 2000-2020 (Unit: Square Kilometer)
The cities with the top three built-up areas was Badung, Denpasar and Gianyar, which clustered in the south. n terms of the form, the compactness of built-up areas is low, and the builtup area is fragmented. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 6. Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali Between 2000-2020 (%)
YEAR
2000-2010
The urbanisation of Denpasar has been relatively stable. At present, the cities of rapid urban expansion has shifted to the cities around Denpasar.
2010-2020
Year \City
Badung
Bangli
Buleleng
Denpasar
Gianyar
Jembrana
Karanga sem
Klungku ng
Tabanan
20002010
8.61%
-1.41%
1.71%
0.56%
5.10%
-0.01%
5.46%
5.16%
8.61%
20102020
26.09%
35.62%
6.43%
3.44%
12.02%
17.15%
8.04%
13.30%
6.41%
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 6. Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali
The urbanisation of Denpasar has been relatively stable. At present, the cities of rapid urban expansion has shifted to the cities around Denpasar. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 7. Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali Between 2000-2020 (%)
YEAR
2000-2010
In the past 20 years, only Tahanan shown a downward trend in Urban expand speed.
2010-2020
Year \City
Badung
Bangli
Buleleng
Denpasar
Gianyar
Jembrana
Karanga sem
Klungku ng
Tabanan
20002010
8.61%
-1.41%
1.71%
0.56%
5.10%
-0.01%
5.46%
5.16%
8.61%
20102020
26.09%
35.62%
6.43%
3.44%
12.02%
17.15%
8.04%
13.30%
6.41%
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 7. Urban Expand Speed Index by Each City in Bali
In the past 20 years, only Tahanan shown a downward trend in Urban expand speed. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 8. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The North Area 1. Urban Form: l The main urban areas are developed along the Secondary road. l Urban areas are fragmented and distributed in green spaces.
2. Green System: l The northern part is dominated by Greencover, and it still maintain some farmland in the waterfront.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike(2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 8. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The North Area
1. North Area
n North Area Expansion along the transport system in an east-west direction. 2. West Area
3. South Area
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 9. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The West Area 1. Urban Form: The main urban areas are developed along the roads. The urban areas are relatively concentrated in the coastal plain.
2. Green System: l There is a large primeval forest (the natural conservation area). Thus, the South- North urban Expansion are limited in the west area. l Most Farmland are distributed in the west area.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike(2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 9. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The West Area
n West Area Expansion along the transport system in an east-west direction, while the expansion is limited due to the topographical factors and the ecological protection zone in the west area. 1. North Area
2. West Area
3. South Area
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 10. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The South Area 1. Urban Form: l The Most built-up land (urban areas) are centralised in the South areas
2. Green System: l The green lands and Farmlands are fragmented between builtup land areas.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike(2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 10. Urban Expand Trend by Each Area in Bali: The South Area
n South Area The main expansion trend is from the south to the southeast and north.
1. North Area
2. West Area
3. South Area
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Globalland30 (2022)
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Carbon Emssion of Urbanisation Bali island
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
UPD 306 – April 29 1. Carbon Emission in Global
The majority of global carbon emissions because of energy. Only 5% is associated with land use change.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: WRI (2021) FAO (2020); World Resources Institute（2015）
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Carbon Emission in Indonesia
However, in Indonesia, land use change and the cutting and burning of forest land are the most prominent contributors to CO2 emissions (47.8%).
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: WRI (2021) FAO (2020); World Resources Institute（2015）
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Carbon Emission of Land Use Change in Bali Annal net GHG emissions from land-use change in 2001-2012 (tCO2-eq).
Net Emission (tCO2eq)
Year
A large part of Bali's CO2 emissions are due to the process of conversion of forests to urban land. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System(2020)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Carbon Emission of Land Use Change in Bali The types of Forest event that initiated the change in carbon stocks/emissions, in Bali (tCO2-eq). Net Emission (tCO2-eq)
Year
A large part of Bali's CO2 emissions are due to the process of conversion of forests to urban land.
Event\ Year
Clearing (tCO2-eq)
Logging (tCO2-eq)
Fire (tCO2-eq)
Planting (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
2012
377,707
8,667
7,724
-72,435
321,664
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System(2020)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Carbon Hotspots in Urbanisation
According to Zhang et al. (2021), carbon emissions in cities are related to the economic level, industrialisation level, population structure and density, level of land use, and energy intensity. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Zhang et al. (2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Carbon Hotspots in Urbanisation
Bali has a well-developed tourism industry which will lead to continued population and economic growth. These increases will lead to more CO2 emissions. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Made by author(2022)
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Carbon Emission of Urban Sector in Bali The South Urban Area
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
UPD 306 – April 29 1. Carbon Emission of Urban Sector in Bali
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy(2020)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Residential Sector in Urban Area: Denpasar City in 1992
Land Use Types
1992 Area (ha)
%
Settlement
2396.34
19.89%
Forest
1382.94
11.48%
Agriculture and Grass
7868.07
64.31%
Others
62.55
0.52%
Water
337.32
2.80%
Total
12047.22
100%
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
0
Data Source: Nursa et al. (2018)
2.5
5Km
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Residential Sector in Urban Area: Denpasar City in 2003
Land Use Types
2003 Area (ha)
%
Settlement
5421.87
43.49%
Forest
1226.43
9.84%
Agriculture and Grass
5239.98
42.03%
Others
359.55
2.88%
Water
220.23
1.77%
Total
12468.06
100%
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
0
Data Source: Nursa et al. (2018)
2.5
5Km
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Residential Sector in Urban Area: Denpasar City in 2014
Land Use Types
2014 Area (ha)
%
Settlement
7302.78
58.57%
Forest
1207.53
9.68%
Agriculture and Grass
3517.56
28.21%
Others
210.06
1.68%
Water
230.13
1.85%
Total
12468.06
100%
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
0
Data Source: Nursa et al. (2018)
2.5
5Km
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Residential Sector in Urban Area: Denpasar City The functions of the urban sector are mainly residential functions. The increase in residential area leads to an increment in household energy consumption.
0
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Denpasar Government(2014a; 2014b; 2014c and 2014d)
2.5
5Km
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UPD 306 – April 29 4. Transportation system： The Types of Vehicle in Bali Province
l Motorcycle accounts the largest proportion of vehicle types.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali Province (2022b)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Transportation system： The Road Network in the South Area
1. Transportation System: l The main road network has a treelike structure due to topographical factors l Higher road density in the urban area. l Main transportation infrastructures, such as the airport and the port of Benoa. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 6. Transportation system： Travel Mode by Car
l Vehicle-oriented travel modes. l Increase travel distances between Denpasar city and different destinations.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 7. Transportation system： Travel Mode by Cycling
l Vehicle-oriented travel modes. l Motorcycle accounts the largest proportion of vehicle types. l For local residents, Motorcycle is convenient within the urban areas.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 8. Transportation system： Green Travel Mode by Cycling
l Insufficient supply l Most bus stations are located in tourist areas, and mainly serve tourists rather than local residents.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 9. Transportation system： Green Travel Mode by Walking and Public Services
l Uneven distribution of public facilities, and low availability. l Difficult to travel by green travel mode.
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 10. Commercial Sector：Main Commercial Sector
l Tourism-oriented Commercial Development
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: John (2022) and Setiyadi (2021)
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UPD 306 – April 29 11. Commercial Sector：Hotel Industry
l Most of the hotels are concentrated in the southern coastline and Ubud, and the operation of the hotels also generates a large amount of carbon dioxide accumulation. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 12. Commercial Sector：Restaurant Industry
Restaurant growth trends in Bali provinces (Number)
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: Statistics of Bali Province (2022c)
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UPD 306 – April 29 12. Commercial Sector：Restaurant Industry
l Relying on tourism, the restaurant industry have increased. Meanwhile, GHG emissions created by restaurants has also aggravated air pollution in the south area. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
Data Source: BBBike (2022), OpenStreetMap (2022)
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Morphological Studies in the South Area Scale: 5 by 5 Kilometer
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
UPD 306 – April 29 Selected Areas--- Different forms of urbanization
3. Tourism town 2. Suburban
1. Urban centre
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
61
Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Different forms of urbanisation process in 1985 1. Urban centre
2. Suburban
3. Tourism town
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
62
Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Summary--- Different urban expansion patterns in 1985 1. Urban centre Centre expansion Cluster around to the center
2. Suburban Transport-led expansion Trend towards outward expansion of the urban fringe
3. Tourism town Expansion based on natural environment The city is interspersed with natural landscapes Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
63
Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Different forms of urbanisation process in 2003 1. Urban centre
2. Suburban
3. Tourism town
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
64
Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Summary--- Different urban expansion patterns in 2003 1. Urban centre Centre expansion Agglomeration and diffusion of urban centres
2. Suburban Transport-led expansion Expansion of the gridtype road network on the urban fringe and suburbs
3. Tourism town Expansion based on natural environment Strip expansion of urban land
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
65
Source: made by authors (2022)
65/93
UPD 306 – April 29 3. Different forms of urbanisation process in 2022 1. Urban centre
2. Suburban
3. Tourism town
Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
66
Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Summary--- Different urban expansion patterns in 2022 1. Urban centre Centre expansion Outward sprawl of urban land
2. Suburban Transport-led expansion The urban fringe is connected to the suburbs by more intensive transport routes
3. Tourism town Expansion based on natural environment The development of tourist attractions and facilities has led to a strip expansion of urban build-up land Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. The heat island effect caused by three types of urban expansion
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UPD 306 – April 29 Future scenarios The urban development process in Ubud continues to spread towards the 3. Tourism natural landscape on both town sides, driven by tourism, and the issue of connectivity 2. Suburban is likely to be a major issue in future development 1. Urban centre
Suburban land use conversion is likely to continue, with continued outward sprawl of the transport road network and a possible increase in the urban heat island effect
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The area of built-up land in the city continues to increase and the population moves to the periphery, leading to the hollowing out of the city centre
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Detailed Studies in the Different Forms Scale: 0.8 by 0.8 Kilometer
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UPD 306 – April 29 Selected Areas--- Different forms of urbanization in detial
3. Tourism town 2. Suburban
1. Urban centre
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Building Element 1. Urban centre • Buildings are distributed along streets • FAR : 0.77 • Total Building Cover : 65% • Building Height: 1-3 floors 2. Suburban • Small-scale buildings clustered irregulary on the main road • FAR : 0.68 • Total Building Cover : 17% • Building Height: 1-2 floors 3. Tourism town • Small-scale buildings spread between linear forests land • FAR : 0.42 • Total Building Cover : 18% • Building Height: 1-2 floors Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Building Function 1. Urban centre
• Functional mode: the functions of the three areas are mainly residential and commercial. • The main residential type: Signlefamily house • Lack of public facilities. • Fragmented commercial facilities, mainly located in adjacent streets.
2. Suburban • Functional mode: the functions of the three areas are mainly residential and commercial. • The main residential type: Signlefamily house • Lack of public facilities. • Fragmented commercial facilities, mainly located in adjacent streets.
3. Tourism town
• Functional mode: the functions of the three areas are mainly residential and commercial. • The main residential type: Signlefamily house • Lack of public facilities. • Fragmented commercial facilities, mainly located in adjacent streets. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Network System 1. Urban centre
• • • •
Types : Grid and Uplanned Narrow Road System Small-scale Block The Road Width: 6 -10 Meters
2. Suburban • • • •
Types : Dendritic and Irregularity Bi-directional Single Lane Narrow Road System The Road Width: 5 -8 Meters
3. Tourism town
• • • • •
Types : Linear System and Dead Ends Uni-directional Single Lane South-north direction Narrow Road System The Road Width: 4-6 Meters
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Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 4. Green and Blue System 1. Urban centre
• •
Fragemented green space, and low ultilization Green Rate :17%
2. Suburban •
The large-scale green space surrounding the river is preserved. • The large-scale Farmland • Green Rate :23% • Farmland cover: 41%
3. Tourism town • Linear green landscape • Green Rate :21% •
Farmland cover: 11%
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UPD 306 – April 29 5. Overview 1. Urban centre • Sparse and fragmented green space • Dense road network but poor access condition • Single land use type • Low FAR • High density development but low space utilisation
2. Suburban • Unconnected transport network, low accessibility • Fragmented greenery and increased non-agricultural land in forested areas • Spatial imbalance with buildings clustered along roads
3. Tourism town • Buildings are distributed in a belt pattern • Limited network • Single traffic direction and high dependency • Increased cost of public utility services Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 Conclusion: Problems and Challenge
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UPD 306 – April 29 Case Study: Smart Growth in Portland. US. Problems：Low-density development on the urban fringe and increased distances between the city and the suburbs have caused a reliance on the private car.
Planning Strategy：“Smart Growth” refers to an amorphous planning theory favoring (or requiring) high urban densities, mixed-use development, and non-auto travel.
Specific Measures: l Controlling the growth boundary l Increasing density in the inner city. l Proposing transit-oriented development to plan land use pattern l Creating green environment and public space l Providing a slow traffic system for walking and biking.
Implementation: Open space and more efficient public services can be accessed by people, which reduces transportation costs. The project has provided traffic safety and enhanced public health in the urban area.
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Data Source: O'Toole (2004) Portland Government(2020）
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UPD 306 – April 29 Design Strategy: Urban Centre
Urban centre Concentrating development and improving land utilisation. Public services and woonerf are planned for urban centre in Block of 1Km ✖1Km.
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Strategy: Urban Centre
Classifying Three network system l Vehicle-oriented roads in the external system l One-directional roads in the internal block l Woonerf in the Block (mainly for walking and cycling)
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Strategy: Urban Centre
Integrating different functions and sacles of green space Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 1. Strategy: Urban Centre
Providing public facilities based on the concept of 20-minute Neighbourhood (Accessbility of facilities) Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 Design Strategy: Suburban Area
Suburb Limiting suburban sprawl with natural landscape boundaries Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Strategy: Suburban Area
Restoring ecological areas by limiting urban sprawl through the extension of the Green Belt Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Strategy: Suburban Area
Core ecological reserves Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 2. Strategy: Suburban Area
Surrounding residents interact with the greenery area Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 Design Strategy: Tourism Town
Tourism town Increasing the efficiency of land use and planning areas where tourism can be developed. Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Data Source: made by authors (2022)
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Strategy: Tourism Town
Discovering unused spaces in residential areas which have the potential to become public spaces Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Strategy: Tourism Town
Adding an east-west road network to the original north-south road to connecting the public spaces Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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UPD 306 – April 29 3. Strategy: Tourism Town
Through concentrated facilities and public spaces to limit urban sprawl Qiyue.Chen/Jiaqi.Gu/Zihan.Li/Yiting.Hsieh/1823816/1824155/1825222/1825408/group3/team B
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Statistics of bali province (2022b) Number of Vehicles by Type in Bali Province (Unit), 2019-2021.Available at: https://bali.bps.go.id/indicator/17/250/1/number-of-vehicles-by-type-in-bali-province.html (access: 27 April 2022) Statistics of bali province (2022c) Number of Restaurant by Regency/Municipality in Bali Province, 2012-2021， Available at: https://bali.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/04/13/87/banyaknya-restoran-dan-rumah-makan-menurut-kabupatenkota-di-provinsi-bali-2012-2021.html (access: 27 April 2022)
Setiyadi, D., 2022. Business in Bali: A Comprehensive 2021 Guide For Foreigners. [online] Permitindo. Available at: <https://www.permitindo.com/news/starting-lifestyle-business-bali> [Accessed 27 April 2022]. Seyfang,G. (2010) 'Community action for sustainable housing: building a low-carbon future', Energy Policy, 38(12):7624–7633 Takama, T.,Setyani, P. and Aldrian, E., 2015. Climate Change Vulnerability to Rice Paddy Production in Bali, Indonesia.Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, pp.1731-1757.S World Resources Institute (2015), ‘How Can Indonesia Achieves Climate Change Mitigation Goal? An Analysis of Potential Emissions Reductions from Energy and Land-use Policies’, Koninklijke Brill Nv. Doi:10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0020-001. World Resources Institute ( WRI), (2021). Climate Watch historical GHG emissions. Available at: https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions (Accessed 30 March 2021) Zanaga, D. Et al. (2021) ‘ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 v100’. Available at:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5571936 ( Accessed: 27 April 2022) Zhang, D., Wang, Z., Li, S., & Zhang, H. (2021). Impact of Land Urbanization on Carbon Emissions in Urban Agglomerations of the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(4), 1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041403
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Reference List of Video:
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Bali Life Me (2020), Ghost Town Kuta Bali June 23rd 2002, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__S3zgl6ccg (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Drive Hungry （2022），Afternoon Drive Ubud | Bali Drive | Ubud Market is Gone, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQH1kTtiF4 (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Jean Voronkova（2022）INCREDIBLE Indonesian Street Food in Bali FOR ONLY 35¢! Exploring Denpasar's Best Nasi Jinggo. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0LptJpUL3A (Accessed: 28 April 2022) JooUpdate (2021)City of Bali｜ Senggol market and city Alun.Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwEgLP5sOj8 (Accessed: 28 April 2022) JooUpdate (2021a), Megah! Situashi Pasar Semi Sukawati Bali Saat Ini, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LF4IenfV5U (28 April 2022) Juba's Journey (2021) Bali on a scooter - Part 1 (EP23). Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2zMrVNebp8 (Accessed: 28 April 2022) JUNOT ARTA TV (2022) bali !! CANGGU BALI AND BATU BELIG BALI NOW | BALI HARI INI (27/4/22)| indonesia | vlog. Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4XMTv3_5gY (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Mark Wiens (2017), Street Food Tour of Bali-Insanely Delicious Indonesian Food in Bali, Indonesian, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfdVDc4awuw (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Oceans and Mountains (2020), Ubud • Bali from above | a drone adventure , Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xse0atJc-WY . (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Online Bali Driver and Tours (2022) Hotel Situation In Ubud Bali 2022 | Ubud Bali Update March 2022. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnX-sOh20YE (Accessed: 28 April 2022 Online Bali Driver and Tours （2022a）What Is Happening In Sanur ??? Homestay In Sanur Bali | Yulia 1 Homestay. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieWTYp4w8SY (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Online Bali Driver and Tours （2021）, Walking Around in Ubud Center and Art Market, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuTxqvc6XkM (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Raja Dorne ID (2019)Drone Denpasar Bali 2019. Available at： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqeeFsyNy1Q&t=170s (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Raja Dorne ID (2019a)Denpasar Bali City Aerial Video 2019. Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UM8cFOzJw_w&t=797s (Accessed: 28 April 2022) RBC Renon Bike Club (2021),Abiansemal Nop 13 2021, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HYLcbCB7A8 (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Terry Barentsen (2018) RoughCut: Denpasar With The Homies. Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0BpXVF6tpg&t=206s (Accessed: 28 April 2022) The Go To Family (2020), Balinese Street Food Tour In Denpasar-Must Try Indonesian Food in Bali Indonesia, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VypxWtLtp4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQH1kTtiF4 (Accessed: 28 April 2022) TheMonkeys （2022）BALI Canggu is Getting BUSY NOW !! Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIoLklmDsIE (Accessed: 28 April 2022) TheMonkeys (2022a),24 Hours in UBUD, BALI - Indonesia | UNILAD Adventure, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoKQc867nyQ . (Accessed: 28 April 2022) The Monkeys, (2021) CRAZY Shopping in BALI, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nvKSCdA5e4 . (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Uncle Chan Bali, (2022) Ramayana Mall Denpasar, let’s me show you inside before you can able to enjoyyourself, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-K_QOLT8Cw ( Accessed: 28 April 2022) Uncle Chan Bali, (2022a) Bali currently, I will update to you along seminyak road,interview with business owner, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Aohr_S5qR8. ( Accessed: 28 April 2022) UNILAD Adventure (2017),BALI Canggu is Getting BUSY NOW !!, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIoLklmDsIE . (Accessed: 28 April 2022) Wanna Walk (2019) Walking in Ubud center , bali island Indonesia part 1 Available at：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5gOIVWyHIY (Accessed: 28 April 2022)
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